Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
  • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
  • A61F13/15203—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
  • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
  • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
  • A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
  • A61F13/537—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
  • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
  • A61F13/15203—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency
  • A61F2013/15284—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency characterized by quantifiable properties
  • A61F2013/15365—Dimensions
  • A61F2013/1539—Dimensions being expandable
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/40—Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
  • C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
  • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
  • C02F2101/32—Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil

Definitions

• the present invention relates to liquid handling members intended to be used in devices for handling urine.
• the present invention relates to those liquid handling members which are used for initial acquisition of the urine.
• the present invention further relates to devices for handling urine such as diapers, training pants, adult incontinence devices, bed mats, and the like which comprises the liquid handling members of the present invention.
• Devices for handling urine such as diapers, training pants, adult incontinence devices, bed mats, and the like are well known in the art and are frequently used for example for babies, toddlers, incontinent persons, and bedridden persons.
• these devices comprise liquid handling members which are specifically designed for the rapid initial acquisition of urine disposed onto the device.
• the present invention provides a liquid handling member for use and device for handling urine.
• the liquid handling member has an x, y - dimension of at least 60 square centimeters and the liquid handling member has a first gush distribution area of at least 80 percent of said x, y - dimension according to the member liquid distribution test defined herein.-
• the present invention provides a liquid handling member for use and device for handling urine.
• the liquid handling member has an x - dimension of at least
• the liquid handling member has a first gush distribution length of at least 80 percent of said x -- dimension according to the member liquid distribution test defined herein.
• the present invention further provides a device for handling urine comprising a first member for temporary storage of the acquired urine.
• the first member has an x, y - dimension of at least 60 square centimeters.
• the first member further has a first gush distribution area of at least 80 percent of said x, y - dimension of said acquisition member according to the member liquid distribution test defined herein.
• the present invention further provides a device for handling urine comprising a first member for temporary storage of the acquired urine.
• the first member has an x - dimension of at least 15 centimeters.
• the first member further has a first gush distribution length of at least 80 percent of said x ⁇ dimension of said acquisition member according to the member liquid distribution test defined herein.
• the average gush size for the above babies is 75 ml, the 95 percentile of their gush size is 110 ml.
• the average urination rate for the above babies is 15 ml per second, the 95 percentile of their size is 22 milliliters per second.
• the average gush size is 110 milliliters and average urination rate is at 22 ml per second. Nonetheless, gushes in the adult incontinence context may be up to 180 milliliters with peak rates up to 40ml/s.
• the present invention provides a liquid handling member which is intended to be used for the initial rapid acquisition of liquid gushes disposed onto a device for handling urine.
• the present invention further provides a device for handling urine comprising such a liquid handling member.
• the device of the present invention may be used for example as diapers, training pants, adult incontinence devices, or the like.
• liquid handling device refers to devices which are designed to handle body liquids such as urine, menses, feces, and the like. Handling body fluids includes but is not limited to acquiring, distributing, and storing the body liquids.
• the device for handling urine according to the present invention further comprises a liquid acquisition region.
• acquisition region refers to that region of the device for handling urine according to the present invention which is intended to first come into contact with the exudated body liquids.
• the acquisition region of the device is distinguished from other regions of the device by for example different materials.
• the acquisition region comprises the total surface area covered by the specific acquisition material.
• the acquisition region is considered to be that region which is centered around the intended loading point of the device, which is about a third of the length of the device long, and which spans over the entire width of the device.
• the geometric average of these loading points is to be used for the definition of the acquisition region.
• a Cartesian coordinate system is defined as follows.
• the z - direction is defined to be perpendicular to the surface of the acquisition region at the intended loading point.
• the x - direction is defined to coincide with the longitudinal dimension of the device for handling urine.
• the x -- direction runs from the front region of the device (which comes into contact with the front waist region of the wearer during use) to the back region of the device (which comes into contact with a back waist region of the wearer during use).
• the y - direction coincides with a transverse dimension of the device for handling urine which runs from the left to the right of the wearer during use.
• this Cartesian coordinate system is only a truly Cartesian coordinate system when the device is in the flat out configuration.
• the configuration of the device is such that x --, y --, and z - direction as defined above only form a locally perpendicular set of coordinates.
• a liquid handling member of the present invention rapidly distributes acquired liquid over large fraction of its x, y - dimension. This rapid distribution of liquid is independent of gravitational forces acting on the liquid. This enables the liquid handling member of the present invention to achieve this rapid distribution also in those in use configurations in which the liquid has to be distributed against gravity. For the purposes of this invention, the ability of a liquid handling member to rapidly distribute liquid over its x, y - dimension or along its x - dimension is quantified by the member liquid distribution test defined hereinafter.
• a liquid handling member of the present invention has a liquid distribution ratio of at least 80 percent, preferably a liquid distribution ratio of at least 90 percent, more preferably liquid distribution ratio of at least 95 percent, most preferably liquid distribution ratio of at least 100 percent.
• the liquid handling member of the present invention has a x, y - dimension of at least 60 square centimeters, preferably of at least 90 square centimeters, more preferably of at least 130 square centimeters, most preferably of at least 160 square centimeters.
• the surface area dimensions are intended to be used for devices having a target user group of babies in the weight range between 9 and 18 kg. For other target user groups which may have different urination patterns as can be seen for example in different gush sizes, the aforementioned surface area dimensions have to be adopted accordingly.
• the liquid handling member of the present invention has a x - dimension of at least 15 centimeters, preferably of at least 18 centimeters, more preferably of at least 20 centimeters, most preferably of at least 25 centimeters.
• this x - dimension is given for intended user group of babies in the weight range between 9 and 18 kilograms. For other intended user groups, this dimension also needs to be adopted accordingly.
• the liquid handling member of the present invention it is further desirable for the liquid handling member of the present invention to exhibit a high absorbent capacity in order to be able to a readily acquire larger loads of liquid.
• the absorbent capacity of the liquid handling member is quantified by the demand absorbency test defined hereinafter.
• the liquid handling member of the present invention has an absorbent capacity of at least 50 ml, more preferably of at least 75 ml, yet more preferably of at least 110 ml, most preferably of at least 180 ml.
• the liquid handling member of the present invention it is further desirable for the liquid handling member of the present invention to exhibit a high trans-planar and in-plane permeability in order to be able to rapidly distribute acquired liquid over its x - and, y - directions.
• the permeability is measured via the permeability test defined in PCT patent application No. US98/13497 filed on June 29, 1998 incorporated herein by reference.
• the liquid handling member of the present invention has a permeability of at least 10 Darcy, more preferably a permeability of at least 50 Darcy, most preferably a permeability of at least 100 Darcy.
• the liquid handling member of the present invention prefferably has a small caliper, i.e. a small z - direction dimension.
• a smaller caliper of the liquid handling member leads to less bulk between the legs of the wearer.
• the liquid handling member according to the present invention has a z - direction dimension of less than 30 mm, more preferably of less than 20 mm, most preferably of less than 15 mm.
• the liquid handling member according to the present invention prefferably has a y - direction dimension in the vicinity of the intended loading point which is as small as possible in order to not exhibit high bulk between the legs of the wearer.
• the liquid handling member according to the present invention has a y - direction dimension in the vicinity of the intended loading point of less than 100 milliliters, more preferably of less than 80 milliliters, most preferably of less than 60 mm.
• the present invention further provides a device for handling urine comprising a first member for temporary storage of the acquired during and a second member for the ultimate storage of the acquired urine.
• the liquid handling member of the present invention may be used for example as the first member of the device for handling urine.
• the liquid handling member is assembled from an open celled foam material which is completely enveloped by a membrane.
• a suitable membrane material is available from SEFAR of R ⁇ schlikon, Switzerland, under the designation SEFAR 03-20/14.
• a suitable foam material is available from Recticel of Brussels, Belgium, under the designation Bulpren S10 black.
• a suitable technique to completely envelope the foam material with the membrane material is to wrap the membrane material around the foam material and to subsequently heat seal all open edges of the membrane material. It will be readily apparent to the skilled practitioner to choose other similarly suitable materials. Depending on the specific intended application of the liquid handling member, it may also be required to choose similar materials with slightly different properties.
• the liquid handling member is activated by immersing the liquid handling member in water or in synthetic urine until the liquid handling member is completely filled with liquid and until the membranes are completely wetted with liquid. After activation, a part of the liquid inside the liquid handling member may be squeezed out by applying an external pressure to the liquid handling member. If the activation of the liquid handling member was successful, the liquid handling member should not suck air through the membranes.
• the particular geometry of the liquid handling member of the present invention can be varied according to the specific requirements of the intended application. If, for example, the liquid handling member is intended to be used in an absorbent article the liquid handling member may be defined such that its zone of intended liquid acquisition fits between the legs of the wearer and further that its intended liquid discharge zone matches the form of the storage member associated to it. Accordingly, the outer dimensions of the liquid handling member such as length, width, or thickness may also be adapted to the specific needs of the intended application. In this context, it has to be understood , however, that the design of the outer form of the liquid handling member may have an impact on its performance. For example, the cross section of the liquid handling member directly impacts on its flow rate.
• the liquid handling member may be combined with a storage member.
• the term "liquid storage member” refers to a device which is capable of acquiring and storing liquid.
• the volume of the liquid storage member may vary with the amount of stored liquid such as by swelling.
• the storage member will imbibe the liquid by means of capillary suction and/or osmotic pressure.
• Other storage members may also use vacuum as a means to store the liquid.
• the liquid storage member is further capable of holding at least a portion of the stored liquid under pressure.
• Suitable storage members are well known in the art and may comprise for example a super absorbent polymeric material such as poiyacrylate.
• the storage member may further comprise a fibrous structure, such as a pad of cellulosic fibers, in which the particulate superabsorbent material is dispersed.
• a fibrous structure such as a pad of cellulosic fibers, in which the particulate superabsorbent material is dispersed.
• a suitable superabsorbent material is ASAP400 available from Chemdal Ltd., United Kingdom.
• the storage member may be placed in direct liquid communication with the intended liquid discharge zone of the liquid handling member.
• the liquid handling member of the present invention is geometrically saturated or substantially geometrically saturated with free liquid.
• free liquid refers to liquid which is not bound to a specific surface or other entity. Free liquid can be distinguished from bound liquid by measuring the proton spin relaxation time T2 of the liquid molecules according to NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy methods well known in the art.
• geometrically saturated refers to a region of a porous material in which the liquid accessible void spaces have been filled with a liquid.
• the void spaces referred to in this definition are those which are present in the current geometric configuration of the porous material.
• a geometrically saturated device may still be able to accept additional liquid by and only by changing its geometric configuration for example by swelling, although all voids of the device are filled with liquid in the current geometric configuration.
• a device for handling liquids is called geometrically saturated, if all porous materials that are part of the device and intended for liquid handling are geometrically saturated.
• porous material refers to materials that comprise at least two phases - a solid material and a gas or void phase - and optionally a third liquid phase that may be partially or completely filling said void spaces.
• the porosity of a material is defined as the ratio between the void volume and the total volume of the material, measured when the material is not filled with liquid.
• porous materials are foams such as polyurethane, HIPE (see for example PCT patent application WO94/13704), superabsorbent foams and the like, fiber assemblies such as meltblown, spunbond, carded, cellulose webs, fiber beds and the like, porous particles such as clay, zeolites, and the like, geometrically structured materials such as tubes, balloons, channel structures etc. Porous materials might absorb liquids even if they are not hydrophilic. The porosity of the materials is therefore not linked to their affinity for the liquid that might be absorbed.
• substantially geometrically saturated refers to a member in which at least 90% of the macroscopic void volume of the member are geometrically saturated, preferably at least 95% of the macroscopic void volume of the device are geometrically saturated, more preferably 97% of the macroscopic void volume of the device are geometrically saturated, most preferably 99% of the macroscopic void volume of the device are geometrically saturated.
• the device for handling urine is a disposable absorbent article such as a diaper, a training pant, an adult incontinence device, or the like.
• a disposable absorbent article such as a diaper, a training pant, an adult incontinence device, or the like.
• Such an absorbent article may further comprise a liquid pervious topsheet, a liquid impervious backsheet at least partially peripherally joined to the topsheet.
• the absorbent article may further comprise an absorbent core which may serve as a storage member for the body liquid.
• Topsheets, backsheet, and absorbent cores suitable for the present invention are well known in the art.
• there are numerous additional features known in the art which can be used in combination with the absorbent article of the present invention such as for example closure mechanisms to attach the absorbent article around the lower torso of the wearer.
• the synthetic urine used in the test methods is commonly known as Jayco SynUrine and is available from Jayco Pharmaceuticals Company of Camp Hill, Pennsylvania.
• the formula for the synthetic urine is: 2.0 g/: of KCI; 2.0 g/l of Na2S04; 0.85 g/l of (NH4)H2P04; 0.15 g/l (NH4)H2P04; 0.19 g/l of CaCI2; ad 0.23 g/l of MgCI2. All of the chemicals are of reagent grade.
• the pH of the synthetic Urine is in the range of 6.0 to 6.4.
• the demand absorbency test is intended to measure the liquid capacity of liquid handling member and to measure the absorption speed of liquid handling member against zero hydrostatic pressure.
• the test may also be carried out for devices for managing body liquids containing a liquid handling member.
• the apparatus used to conduct this test consists of a square basket of a sufficient size to hold the liquid handling member suspended on a frame. At least the lower plane of the square basket consists of an open mesh that allows liquid penetration into the basket without substantial flow resistance for the liquid uptake.
• an open wire mesh made of stainless steel having an open area of at least 70 percent and having a wire diameter of 1mm, and an open mesh size of at about 6mm is suitable for the setup of the present test.
• the open mesh should exhibit sufficient stability such that it substantially does not deform under load of the test specimen when the test specimen is filled up to its full capacity.
• a liquid reservoir is provided below the basket.
• the height of the basket can be adjusted so that a test specimen which is placed inside the basket may be brought into contact with the surface of the liquid in the liquid reservoir.
• the liquid reservoir is placed on the electronic balance connected to a computer to read out the weight of the liquid about every 0.01 sec during the measurement.
• the dimensions of the apparatus are chosen such that the liquid handling member to be tested fits into the basket and such that the intended liquid acquisition zone of the liquid handing member is in contact with the lower plane of the basket.
• the dimensions of the liquid reservoir are chosen such that the level of the liquid surface in the reservoir does not substantially change during the measurement.
• a typical reservoir useful for testing liquid handling members has a size of at least 320 mm x 370 mm and can hold at least about 4500 g of liquid.
• the liquid reservoir is filled with synthetic urine.
• the amount of synthetic urine and the size of the liquid reservoir should be sufficient such that the liquid level in the reservoir does not change when the liquid capacity of the liquid handing member to be tested is removed from the reservoir.
• the temperature of the liquid and the environment for the test should reflect in-use conditions of the member. Typical temperature for use in baby diapers are
• the test may be done at room temperature if the member tested has no significant dependence of its absorbent properties on temperature.
• the test is setup by lowering the empty basket until the mesh is just completely immersed in the synthetic urine in the reservoir.
• the basket is then raised again by about 0.5 to 1mm in order to establish an almost zero hydrostatic suction, care should be taken that the liquid stays in contact with the mesh. If necessary, the mesh needs to be brought back into contact with the liquid and zero level be readjusted.
• the test is started by:
• the liquid uptake by the liquid handing member is recorded by measuring the weight decrease of the liquid in the liquid reservoir. The test is stopped after 30 minutes.
• the total liquid uptake of the liquid handing member is recorded.
• the time after which the liquid handling member had absorbed 80 percent of its total liquid uptake is recorded.
• the zero time is defined as the time where the absorption of the member starts.
• the initial absorption speed of the liquid handling member is from the initial linear slope of the weight vs. time measurement curve.
• This test is intended to measure the liquid distribution within a liquid handling member to be used in a device for handling urine. It is particularly suited for those members which are intended to acquire and temporarily store liquid. A result of this test is the percentage of the x, y- dimension of the member over which the liquid has been distributed. This test methods may be equivalently applied to devices for handling urine which comprise such liquid handling member.
• test method it is necessary to determine the liquid distribution over the x, y - dimension of the test specimen in terms of liquid weight per unit area at different times during the test procedure.
• a suitable test methods to determine the liquid distribution is x-ray imaging which is well known in the art. For example, such a method is described in an article entitled "Fluid distribution: Comparison of x-ray imaging data" by David F. Ring, Oscar Lijap, and Joseph Pascente in Nonwoven World magazine, summer 1995, at pp. 65 - 70. Generally, this procedure compares x-ray images of a wet and dry sample in order to calculate the liquid content. Suitable x-ray systems are available for example from LIXI Inc.
• the system uses Bio-scan software from Optimas.
• the x-ray system may for example be operated with an exposure time of two second, with a tube voltage of 50kV, and a current of 12mA. It is to be noted, however, that for exposure time, tube voltage, and current different values have to be chosen depending on the specific properties of the test specimen to be examined.
• the test specimen is arranged to lie fiat on a liquid permeable large mesh support structure.
• the test specimen i.e. the liquid handling member which is to be tested
• the device is a member. Only if separation from the device would interfere substantially with the liquid handling of the test specimen, the device in its entirety is arranged lie flat on the mesh structure. Any other member which is intended to give the device a three-dimensional shape such as for example elastification is to be de-activated before this test for example by being removed from the device.
• the test specimen is fixed to the support surface with fixation means which do not negatively impact the fluid handling such as for example adhesive tapes.
• the mesh and fixation means have to be made from a material that does not substantially interfere with the x-ray measurement.
• a suitable support surface may be made to from a rigid polymeric mesh having an open area of at least 30 percent.
• the wire mesh should be sufficiently rigid such that the wire mesh substantially does not deform under the weight of a fully loaded test specimen. Then, the support structure is positioned such that the longitudinal dimension of the test specimen forms an angle of 15 degrees with the horizontal.
• the x, y - dimension of the test specimen is divided up into N compartments each of which should have substantially the same surface area and substantially the same dimensions in the x - and the y - direction.
• the total number of compartments, N should be at least 50.
• the liquid distribution in grams of liquid per surface area is obtained for each of the compartments.
• the liquid content of each of the compartments is been determined by multiplying the liquid distribution in grams of liquid per surface area by the actual surface area of the respective compartment.
• the liquid distribution over the entire test specimen prior to loading is determined using the above x-ray method.
• the test specimen is loaded with a single gush of synthetic urine at its intended loading point.
• the gush size is defined to be 75 ml. This volume reflects the average gush size for toddlers of the above specified weight range. If the test specimen is a member of a device which is intended for different application such as for example adult incontinence devices, it will be readily apparent to the skilled person to accordingly adopt the gush volume. Irrespective of the gush size, the gush volume should not be delivered to onto the test specimen at a rate which is higher than the actual liquid acquisition rate of the test specimen.
• test liquid which is not acquired by the test specimen during this test, such as for example by running of from the surface of the test specimen or by dripping through the test specimen and subsequently through the support structure, is connected in the liquid receptacle positioned below the support structure and is immediately moved away from the test specimen such that this liquid does not contribute to the liquid content in the final x-ray analysis.
• test liquid is dispensed from a 6 mm inner diameter flexible tube, such as NORPREN A60G (6404 - 17), available from Cole Palmer Instrument Co., IL, US connected to test a liquid metering pump, such as digital pump, No. G-07523- 20, having an easy load pump head, No. G-07518-02, both by Cole Parmer Instrument Co., IL, US, with the pump control unit to allow start and stop of the pump based upon electrical signals.
• the test liquid is dispensed into a cylinder which is joined the opening of the Plexiglas plate.
• the liquid content of all of the N compartments of the test specimen is determined again thirty seconds after the start of dispensing the synthetic urine onto the test specimen.
• the liquid uptake in each compartment is obtained by subtracting the initial liquid content of each compartment from its final liquid content.
• a compartment belongs to the area of liquid distribution if the liquid uptake of the compartment is more than a tenth of the gush volume divided by N.
• the total number of compartments belonging to the area of distribution is referred to as M.
• the percentage of the x, y - dimension of the test specimen over which the test liquid has been distributed is obtained by dividing the number of compartments belonging to the area of liquid distribution, M, by the total number of departments, N, and multiplying by 100.
• the percentage of the x -, y - dimension of the test specimen over which the test liquid has been distributed is also referred to as the distribution ratio.
• the liquid distribution length in x - dimension is obtained as the longest extension of the area over which liquid has been distributed according to the above dimension.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
• Vascular Medicine (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
• Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
• Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
• Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
• Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Closures For Containers (AREA)
• Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
• Filling Of Jars Or Cans And Processes For Cleaning And Sealing Jars (AREA)
• Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
• Loading And Unloading Of Fuel Tanks Or Ships (AREA)
• Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)
• Cleaning Or Clearing Of The Surface Of Open Water (AREA)
• Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (9)

Publications (1)

Family

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• 1999
  • 1999-06-29 WO PCT/US1999/014644 patent/WO2000000702A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-06-29 DE DE69908776T patent/DE69908776T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1999-06-29 AU AU48413/99A patent/AU4841399A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-06-29 AU AU47251/99A patent/AU4725199A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-06-29 AU AU48475/99A patent/AU4847599A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-06-29 JP JP2000556704A patent/JP2003527877A/ja active Pending
  • 1999-06-29 EP EP99932014A patent/EP1091714B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-06-29 AU AU48409/99A patent/AU4840999A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-06-29 AU AU48410/99A patent/AU4841099A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-06-29 EP EP99932011A patent/EP1091887A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1999-06-29 EP EP99930804A patent/EP1093351A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1999-06-29 WO PCT/US1999/014648 patent/WO2000000141A2/en active IP Right Grant
  • 1999-06-29 JP JP2000557048A patent/JP2003526746A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 1999-06-29 WO PCT/US1999/014645 patent/WO2000000406A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-06-29 WO PCT/US1999/014642 patent/WO2000000016A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-06-29 EP EP99932007A patent/EP1093347A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1999-06-29 EP EP99932012A patent/EP1091713A2/de not_active Ceased
  • 1999-06-29 AU AU47256/99A patent/AU4725699A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-06-29 EP EP99930805A patent/EP1091640A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1999-06-29 AU AU48405/99A patent/AU4840599A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-06-29 JP JP2000556725A patent/JP2003525646A/ja active Pending
  • 1999-06-29 EP EP99932088A patent/EP1091715A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1999-06-29 WO PCT/US1999/014646 patent/WO2000000140A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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  • 1999-06-29 EP EP99930806A patent/EP1096996A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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  • 1999-06-29 CA CA002355149A patent/CA2355149A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-06-29 AU AU47259/99A patent/AU4725999A/en not_active Abandoned
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  • 1999-06-29 AU AU47257/99A patent/AU4725799A/en not_active Abandoned
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  • 1999-06-29 JP JP2000556735A patent/JP2003527140A/ja active Pending
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  • 1999-06-29 AU AU48412/99A patent/AU4841299A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-06-29 WO PCT/US1999/014647 patent/WO2001010371A1/en active Application Filing
  • 1999-06-29 JP JP2000556728A patent/JP2003515357A/ja active Pending
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  • 1999-10-13 TW TW088117684A patent/TW495587B/zh active
  • 1999-10-13 TW TW088117685A patent/TW482665B/zh active

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