EP1091231A2 - Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum ausrichten optischer Signale mit hilfe eines beweglichen optischen Schaltelements - Google Patents

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum ausrichten optischer Signale mit hilfe eines beweglichen optischen Schaltelements Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1091231A2
EP1091231A2 EP00117160A EP00117160A EP1091231A2 EP 1091231 A2 EP1091231 A2 EP 1091231A2 EP 00117160 A EP00117160 A EP 00117160A EP 00117160 A EP00117160 A EP 00117160A EP 1091231 A2 EP1091231 A2 EP 1091231A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
optical
switching element
waveguide
waveguide portion
moveable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP00117160A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1091231A3 (de
Inventor
Shih-Yuan Wang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Avago Technologies International Sales Pte Ltd
Original Assignee
Agilent Technologies Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Agilent Technologies Inc filed Critical Agilent Technologies Inc
Publication of EP1091231A2 publication Critical patent/EP1091231A2/de
Publication of EP1091231A3 publication Critical patent/EP1091231A3/de
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/3502—Optical coupling means having switching means involving direct waveguide displacement, e.g. cantilever type waveguide displacement involving waveguide bending, or displacing an interposed waveguide between stationary waveguides
    • G02B6/3504—Rotating, tilting or pivoting the waveguides, or with the waveguides describing a curved path
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29304—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating
    • G02B6/29316—Light guides comprising a diffractive element, e.g. grating in or on the light guide such that diffracted light is confined in the light guide
    • G02B6/29317—Light guides of the optical fibre type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/3502—Optical coupling means having switching means involving direct waveguide displacement, e.g. cantilever type waveguide displacement involving waveguide bending, or displacing an interposed waveguide between stationary waveguides
    • G02B6/3506—Translating the waveguides along the beam path, e.g. by varying the distance between opposed waveguide ends, or by translation of the waveguide ends
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/351—Optical coupling means having switching means involving stationary waveguides with moving interposed optical elements
    • G02B6/3512—Optical coupling means having switching means involving stationary waveguides with moving interposed optical elements the optical element being reflective, e.g. mirror
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/351—Optical coupling means having switching means involving stationary waveguides with moving interposed optical elements
    • G02B6/3534—Optical coupling means having switching means involving stationary waveguides with moving interposed optical elements the optical element being diffractive, i.e. a grating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/354—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types
    • G02B6/3544—2D constellations, i.e. with switching elements and switched beams located in a plane
    • G02B6/3546—NxM switch, i.e. a regular array of switches elements of matrix type constellation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/3596—With planar waveguide arrangement, i.e. in a substrate, regardless if actuating mechanism is outside the substrate

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to optical switches, and, more particularly, to an apparatus and method for directing optical signals using a movable optical switching element.
  • a typical fiber optic cable may be comprised of a plurality of individual optical fibers bound together, for example, in a ribbon arrangement.
  • a typical fiber optic ribbon cable may contain 32 individual optical fibers.
  • Each optical fiber is capable of carrying one signal, or in the case of dense wave division multiplexing (DWDM), in which many signals may be multiplexed onto a single optical fiber through the use of multiple colors of light, each optical fiber may carry a plurality of light colors (wavelengths), with each color representing a single signal.
  • DWDM dense wave division multiplexing
  • Optical switches capable of routing light from one direction to another have been known for some time.
  • One type of optical switch element is disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Patent No. 5,699,462 to Fouquet et al., in which an optical switch element is located at an intersection of two optical waveguides.
  • light is either transmitted through the switch element continuing axially on the original waveguide, or reflected by the switch element onto a waveguide that intersects the original waveguide.
  • the switch element is filled with a material that, while in a transmissive state, has an index of refraction substantially equal to that of the waveguide, thus allowing light in the waveguide to pass through the switch element.
  • the state of the material within the switch element may be changed, through the operation of heaters within the switch element, so as to vaporize the liquid in the switch element to form a bubble. While present in the switch element the bubble causes a refractive index mismatch between the waveguide and the switch element, thus causing the light in the waveguide to be reflected onto the intersecting waveguide. This state is known as the reflective state.
  • the operation of a preferred and many alternative embodiments of this switch element is set forth in detail in the above-identified commonly assigned U.S. Patent to Fouquet et al.
  • one of the above-mentioned optical switch elements When placed at an intersection of two waveguide segments, one of the above-mentioned optical switch elements forms an optical switch point, which may be used to switch signals on a plurality of optical fibers.
  • the optical switch points may be further arranged so as to form a switching matrix. For example, when arranged in a 32 x 32 matrix, formed by 32 rows and 32 columns of optical switch points, a 32 fiber optic ribbon cable can be connected to 32 input lines and another 32 fiber optic ribbon cable can be connected to 32 output lines, the output lines intersecting the 32 input lines. Because a switch element is located at each optical switch point it is possible to switch any of the 32 input lines to any of the 32 output lines. In this manner, optical signals may be directed from one fiber optic cable onto another, resulting in a compact optical switch.
  • the invention provides an apparatus and method for directing optical signals using a movable optical switching element.
  • the present invention may be conceptualized as an apparatus for directing optical signals.
  • the apparatus comprises an optical input path; and a movable optical switching element aligned with the optical input path.
  • the movable optical switching element is configured to selectively direct the optical signal from the optical input path to one of at least two optical output paths.
  • the present invention may also be conceptualized as a method for selectively directing optical signals.
  • the method comprises the following steps: providing an optical input path; providing a moveable optical switching element; directing the optical signal from the optical input path to the movable optical switching element disposed in the optical input path; and using the movable optical switching element to selectively direct the optical signal to one of at least two optical output paths.
  • the invention has numerous advantages, a few of which are delineated, hereafter, as merely examples.
  • An advantage of the invention is that it allows a plurality of optical signals to be switched simultaneously.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that it allows a single optical signal to be extracted from an optical fiber carrying a plurality of optical signals.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that it can be structured not to require constant power to maintain a switched state.
  • Figs. 1A-1C are plan views illustrating a first embodiment of the invention.
  • optical switch point 10 includes waveguide portion 11 and waveguide portion 12.
  • Moveable optical switching element 15 includes waveguide portion 17 and waveguide portion 18.
  • waveguide portion 17 is aligned with waveguide portion 11 and waveguide portion 12, resulting in the transmission of an optical signal, designated by arrow 13, directly through optical switch point 10.
  • Optical switch point 10 also includes waveguide portion 14 and waveguide portion 16, which are situated substantially perpendicular to waveguide portion 11 and waveguide portion 12.
  • Fig. 1B illustrates the optical switch point 10 in which the moveable optical switching element 15 has been rotated through approximately 45 degrees, resulting in one end of waveguide portion 18 being disposed to receive the optical signal represented by arrow 13 from waveguide portion 11.
  • the optical signal traveling in waveguide portion 11 enters waveguide portion 18 and is directed therethrough into waveguide portion 16.
  • the optical signal 13 traveling in waveguide portion 11 is efficiently and effectively switched through a direction change of approximately 90 degrees into waveguide portion 16. In this manner, the moveable optical switching element 15 allows the selective switching of optical signals.
  • Fig. 1C illustrates optical switch point 10 in which the moveable optical switching element 15 has been rotated through an additional 45 degrees, or a total of approximately 90 degrees with respect to its position shown in Fig. 1A, In the position illustrated in Fig. 1C, optical switch point 10 allows the transmission of light from waveguide portion 14 through the waveguide portion 17 of moveable waveguide 15 and out through waveguide portion 16. With respect to an optical signal traveling in waveguide portion 11, the light of the optical signal meets a non-waveguide portion 21 of moveable optical switching element 15, resulting in the termination of the optical signal 13 traveling in waveguide portion 11. An optical signal traveling in waveguide portion 14 may be selectively directed to waveguide portions 16 or 11, depending upon the position of moveable optical switching element 15.
  • the moveable optical switching element 15 may be rotated into any position resulting in the capability of routing an optical signal in any waveguide either through the waveguide portion aligned therewith, or toward the waveguide portion offset 90 degrees therefrom.
  • waveguide portions 11, 12, 14 and 16 may be fabricated at other than right angles to each other, as will be described below with respect to Figs. 6A, 6B, 7A and 7B.
  • Figs. 2A-2C are plan views illustrating a second embodiment 30 of the optical switch point including a second embodiment 25 of the moveable optical switching element of the invention.
  • Optical switch point 30 includes waveguide portions 11, 12, 14 and 16, which are identical to those described with respect to Fig. 1. Indeed, the like-numbered elements shown in Figs. 2A-2C that correspond to those described in Figs. 1A-1C are identical thereto and will not be described again.
  • Optical switch point 30 also includes moveable optical switching element 25, which includes waveguide portion 17, and waveguide portions 38a and 38b. Waveguide portions 38a and 38b of Fig. 2A are similar to waveguide portion 18 ofFig. 1A. However, in a departure from that shown with respect to Fig. 1A, two waveguide portions 38a and 38b are illustrated in Fig. 2A.
  • an optical signal represented by arrow 13 traveling in waveguide portion 11 is directed into and through waveguide portion 17 of moveable optical switching element 25 and then directed into waveguide portion 12.
  • the optical signal 33 traveling in waveguide 14 meets non-waveguide portion 41 of moveable optical switching element 25 and is terminated.
  • Fig. 2B illustrates optical switch point 30 in which the moveable optical switching element 25 has been rotated through approximately 45 degrees.
  • an optical signal represented by arrow 13
  • traveling in waveguide portion 11 enters waveguide portion 38b of moveable optical switching element 25 and is directed into waveguide portion 16.
  • an optical signal represented by arrow 33
  • traveling in waveguide 14 is directed into waveguide portion 38a of moveable optical switching element 25 and is directed into waveguide portion 12. In this manner, the direction of two optical signals can be simultaneously switched using the optical switch point 30.
  • Fig. 2C illustrates optical switch point 30 in which the moveable optical switching element 25 has been rotated through an additional 45 degrees to a position that is approximately 90 degrees offset from that shown in Fig. 2A.
  • An optical signal represented by arrow 33 traveling in waveguide portion 14 enters waveguide portion 17 of moveable optical switching element 25 and is directed to waveguide portion 16.
  • An optical signal 13 traveling in waveguide portion 11 meets non-waveguide portion 41 of moveable optical switching element 25 and is terminated.
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional schematic view illustrating the optical switch point 10 of Fig. 1A.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates in detail waveguide portion 11, waveguide portion 12 and movable optical switching element 15.
  • Moveable optical switching element 15 is part of turntable 19.
  • Turntable 19 is illustrated as a platform that rotates about an axis 23 that is perpendicular to waveguide portions 11 and 12.
  • turntable 19 may be any means for rotating moveable optical switching element 15.
  • turntable 19 may be part of a micro-machined motor assembly, which provides the rotational force for moveable optical switching element 15.
  • micro-machined motor over which turntable 19 may reside may be constructed using optical micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology. Further details of MEMS and optical MEMS technology can be found at the Sandia National Foundry for MEMS technology and which has an Internet website located at: http://www.mdl.sandia.gov/scripts/index.asp.
  • MEMS micro electro-mechanical systems
  • optical waveguides of the invention can be fabricated over all or a portion of the motor assembly. Similarly, a mirror (to be described below) may be fabricated over all or a portion of the motor assembly.
  • the optical waveguides typically consists of a guiding layer, also known as a "core", surrounded by cladding.
  • the core typically has an optical refractive index higher than the optical refractive index of the surrounding cladding.
  • the optical waveguides can be fabricated with polymer based material, or spin-on glass that is compatible with post processing of the optical MEMS devices.
  • a technique known as "self-assembly” can be used to fabricate the optical waveguides or the mirror on a turntable formed on a surface of the above-described rotary motor.
  • the optical waveguides or mirror can be fabricated with "mating slots", which correspond to mating slots formed on the surface of the rotary motor. These mating slots simplify assembly of the optical waveguide or mirror to the surface of the rotary motor.
  • This technology can be found on the Internet at http://www.alientechnology.com/, where a technique that is used to assemble liquid crystal displays is described.
  • Figs. 4A-4C are plan views illustrating a third embodiment 50 of the optical switch point including a third embodiment 35 of a moveable optical switching element in accordance with the invention.
  • the optical switch point 50 of Fig. 4A is similar to that shown with respect to Fig. 1A and Fig. 2A with the difference being that moveable optical switching element 35 includes mirror 58 instead of any waveguide portions.
  • Mirror 58 resides in free space region 59. This means that an optical signal 13 traveling through waveguide portion 11 travels through free space region 59 into waveguide portion 12. Note that mirror 58 is offset from the center of moveable optical switching element 35 to facilitate the transmission of an optical signal when the moveable optical switching element 35 is positioned as shown in Fig. 4A.
  • Fig. 4B illustrates the optical switch point 50 in which the moveable optical switching element 35 has been rotated through approximately 45 degrees so that a surface 57 of mirror 58 is in the path of an optical signal traveling in waveguide portion 11.
  • an optical signal traveling in waveguide portion 11 is directed onto surface 57 of mirror 58, which reflects the optical signal into waveguide portion 16. In this manner, an optical signal traveling in waveguide portion 11 is selectively deflected, or switched, into waveguide portion 16.
  • Fig. 4C illustrates the optical switch point 50 in which the moveable optical switching element 35 has been rotated through an additional 45 degrees to a position that is approximately 90 degrees offset from that shown in Fig. 4A.
  • An optical signal 53 traveling in waveguide portion 14 passes through free space region 59 and into waveguide portion 16. As illustrated, because mirror 58 is offset from the center of moveable optical switching element 35, the free space transmission of an optical signal traveling in waveguide 14 is permitted.
  • the signal 13 in waveguide 11 would meet mirror 58 and be reflected back into the waveguide 11, possibly causing instability in the optical signals traversing the optical switch point 50.
  • mirror 58 can be positioned at a small angle with respect to waveguide portion 11. In this manner, signal 13 could be prevented from being reflected back into waveguide portion 11.
  • a light absorber (not shown) may be added adjacent to waveguide portion 11 to capture the portion of signal 13 reflected back into waveguide portion 11.
  • the surface of the mirror 58 can be curved such that it collects the light exiting waveguide 11 into free space region 59 and focuses it onto waveguide 16 as in Fig 4B.
  • the mirror can be a part of an ellipsoidal surface such that the exit of one waveguide and the entrance of the second waveguide (or optical fibers) are located at the foci of the ellipsoidal mirror.
  • Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional schematic view illustrating the optical switch point 50 of Figs. 4A-4C.
  • mirror 58 resides on turntable 19. Irrespective of the manner in which turntable 19 is actuated, mirror 58 rotates with turntable 19 to provide the optical switching capability referred to above with respect to Figs. 4A-4C.
  • Figs. 6A and 6B are plan views illustrating a fourth embodiment 70 of the optical switch point including a fourth embodiment 45 of a moveable optical switching element of the invention.
  • Optical switch point 70 includes waveguide portions 11, 12, and 16. However, in a departure from that described above, waveguide portion 16 is not substantially perpendicular to waveguide portions 11 and 12. This illustrates a feature of the invention in which the moveable optical switching element 45 includes waveguide portion 78, which is configured to redirect an optical signal between waveguides that are not perpendicular to each other. Moveable optical switching element 45 also includes waveguide portion 17, which, as shown in Fig. 6A, is configured to direct an optical signal traveling in waveguide portion 11 to waveguide portion 12.
  • Fig. 6B illustrates the optical switch point 70 in which the moveable optical switching element 45 has been rotated through an angle such that waveguide portion 78 is in the path of an optical signal 13 traveling in waveguide portion 11. Waveguide portion 78 then directs the optical signal 13 received from waveguide portion 11 to waveguide portion 16.
  • waveguide portion 16 is disposed at an angle other than 90 degrees with respect to waveguide portion 11. Although shown as greater than 90 degrees, waveguide portion 16 may also be disposed at an angle of less than 90 degrees with respect to waveguide portion 11. In this manner, light may be selectively directed from waveguide portion 11 into waveguide portion 16.
  • Figs. 7A and 7B are plan views illustrating an alternative embodiment 90 of the optical switch point of Figs. 6A and 6B and includes a fifth embodiment 55 of a moveable optical switching element of the invention.
  • Moveable optical switching element 55 includes waveguide portions 17, and 98a and 98b. Waveguide portion 17 is configured to direct an optical signal 13 traveling in waveguide portion 11 to waveguide portion 12. Waveguide portion 98b corresponds to waveguide portion 78 of Fig. 6A.
  • Moveable optical switching element 55 also includes waveguide portion 98a.
  • Fig. 7B illustrates optical switch point 90 in which the moveable optical switching element 55 is rotated in a direction opposite that described above with respect to Fig. 6B, so that waveguide portion 98a receives an optical signal 13 traveling in waveguide portion 11. Waveguide portion 98a then directs this optical signal 13 into waveguide portion 14.
  • moveable optical switching element 55 and indeed all of the above described embodiments of the moveable optical switching element, are able to rotate in either direction, thus allowing a number of different optical signal switching options.
  • Figs. 8A and 8B are plan views illustrating yet another embodiment 100 of an optical switch point including a sixth embodiment 65 of a moveable optical switching element of the invention.
  • Optical switch point 100 includes waveguide portions 101, 102 and 106.
  • moveable optical switching element 65 slides, or otherwise translates, within channel 109.
  • Moveable optical switching element 65 includes waveguide portion 107 and waveguide portion 108.
  • an optical signal, represented by arrow 113 is directed through waveguide portion 101 into waveguide portion 107 of moveable optical switching element 65.
  • the optical signal 113 is then directed through waveguide portion 107 into waveguide portion 102.
  • Fig. 8B illustrates the optical switch point 100 in which the moveable optical switching element 65 has translated in a direction indicated by arrow 111 such that waveguide portion 108 of moveable optical switching element 65 is in position to receive an optical signal represented by arrow 113 traveling in waveguide portion 101.
  • the optical signal 113 is then directed through waveguide portion 108 and into waveguide portion 106.
  • an optical signal may be selectively redirected from waveguide portion 101 into waveguide portion 106.
  • moveable optical switching element 65 may have more than two waveguide portions.
  • moveable optical switching element 65 may slide in the direction opposite that indicated by arrow 111 depending upon the desired application.
  • Fig. 9 is a plan view illustrating an alternative embodiment 120 of the optical switch point 100 of Figs. 8A and 8b including a seventh embodiment 75 of a moveable optical switching element in accordance with the invention.
  • Optical switch point 120 includes waveguide portion 121, waveguide portion 122 and moveable optical switching element 75.
  • moveable optical switching element 75 translates within channel 129.
  • Moveable optical switching element 75 also includes a plurality of waveguide grating couplers 128-1 through 128-n. Waveguide grating couplers 128 are each configured to reflect light of a particular optical frequency. To illustrate, assume that an optical signal represented by arrow 123 traveling in waveguide portion 121 includes four optical frequencies, represented by the symbols ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 , and ⁇ 4 .
  • the optical signal including the four wavelengths is directed through waveguide portion 121 onto moveable optical switching element 75.
  • Moveable optical switching element 75 is translated in channel 129 so that the optical signal in waveguide portion 123 is directed onto waveguide grating coupler 128-3.
  • Waveguide grating coupler 128-3 is configured to allow the passage of all optical frequencies, or a portion of optical frequencies, except for frequency ⁇ 3 of the optical signal traveling in waveguide portion 121.
  • Waveguide grating coupler 128-3 filters the frequency represented by ⁇ 3 , and transmits the optical signal including the remaining frequencies ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 4 into waveguide portion 122.
  • the portion of the optical signal, which includes frequency ⁇ 3 is depicted by arrow 127 as being picked off of the optical signal and redirected to another waveguide through evanescent coupling.
  • the signal can be collected by a lens system and refocused into an optical fiber or waveguide for further processing or transmission.
  • Evanescent coupling refers to coupling between two waveguides when the optical field in a first waveguide overlaps into a second waveguide, where over a characteristic length called the coupling length, a portion of the optical power in the first waveguide transfers to the second waveguide.
  • Evanescent coupling is known to those skilled in the art.
  • the portion of the optical signal that contains the frequency represented by ⁇ 3 can be reflected in a direction perpendicular to, or nearly perpendicular to, the plane of moveable optical switching element 75, as shown in Fig. 10, which will be described below.
  • a moveable optical switching element 75 including a plurality of waveguide grating couplers can be used to separate frequencies in an optical signal, such as in systems that use wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and dense wavelength multiplexing (DWDM).
  • WDM wavelength division multiplexing
  • DWDM dense wavelength multiplexing
  • Fig. 10 is a perspective view illustrating the optical switch point 120 of Fig. 9.
  • optical switch point 120 includes photodiode 130.
  • the optical signal of frequency ⁇ 3 after being reflected from the composite optical signal traveling in waveguide 121 as described above, is directed to photodiode 130 to allow the measurement of the power, or signal strength, of the optical signal traveling in waveguide portion 121.
  • the light can be further transmitted or converted to an electrical signal via photodiode 130 for further electronic processing of the information contained therein.
  • the waveguide grating couplers 128-1 through 128-n can also be fabricated using a Bragg filter as known in the art.
  • Waveguide grating couplers such as illustrated in Fig. 9
  • Bragg filters are well known by those skilled in the art.
  • the above-described invention makes use of optical MEMS technology. This technology is complex and rather mature. Foundries engaged in the fabrication of optical MEMS can be found at Sandia, and Cronos. As mentioned above, the web site for Sandia's foundry can be found at: http://www.mdl.sandia.gov/scripts/index.asp, and the website for Cronos is located at: http://www.memsrus.com/.
  • optical waveguides made of polymer and spin on glass, for example, can be constructed.
  • Waveguide grating couplers and Bragg filters can be similarly constructed using holographic techniques or by the interference of two laser beams, all of which are well known in the field of optics.
  • the material used for the waveguides may be glass fiber and/or polymer fiber. It should also be noted that these elements need not be monolithically integrated, but rather, can be separately fabricated and precisely integrated onto the moving elements of the MEMS motors. Both linear and rotary motors have been developed using MEMS technology.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)
  • Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
EP00117160A 1999-10-08 2000-08-10 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum ausrichten optischer Signale mit hilfe eines beweglichen optischen Schaltelements Ceased EP1091231A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US415312 1999-10-08
US09/415,312 US6404943B1 (en) 1999-10-08 1999-10-08 Apparatus and method for directing optical signals using a movable optical switching element

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1091231A2 true EP1091231A2 (de) 2001-04-11
EP1091231A3 EP1091231A3 (de) 2004-05-26

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WO2003046638A1 (fr) * 2001-11-28 2003-06-05 Highwave Optical Technologies Commutateur optique diffractif
US20190146158A1 (en) * 2017-08-17 2019-05-16 Integra Devices Waveguide switch

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US20030179998A1 (en) * 2002-03-22 2003-09-25 Jianjun Zhang Switchable bragg grating filter
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US6650807B2 (en) 2003-11-18
JP2001154122A (ja) 2001-06-08
US20020114559A1 (en) 2002-08-22
US6404943B1 (en) 2002-06-11
EP1091231A3 (de) 2004-05-26

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