EP1090895A1 - Pyrotechnischer Satz zur Erzeugung von IR-Strahlung - Google Patents
Pyrotechnischer Satz zur Erzeugung von IR-Strahlung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1090895A1 EP1090895A1 EP00121713A EP00121713A EP1090895A1 EP 1090895 A1 EP1090895 A1 EP 1090895A1 EP 00121713 A EP00121713 A EP 00121713A EP 00121713 A EP00121713 A EP 00121713A EP 1090895 A1 EP1090895 A1 EP 1090895A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- magnesium
- mass
- graphite
- fluorine
- pmf
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C15/00—Pyrophoric compositions; Flints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B27/00—Compositions containing a metal, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium or mixtures, intercompounds or hydrides thereof, and hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D3/00—Generation of smoke or mist (chemical part)
Definitions
- the invention relates to a pyrotechnic kit for generating infrared radiation.
- Hot bodies such as pyroteohnic flames, preferentially emit visible light and infrared radiation.
- Missiles used, which the IR radiation emanating from the target's engine, mainly in the range between 0.8 and 5 ⁇ m, with the help of a Aim and track infrared radiation sensitive search head.
- a flame of at least> 1700 K is required so that a sufficient IR radiation density can be generated ( I 0.8-5 ⁇ m > 0.2 kW ⁇ sr -1 ⁇ s -1 ⁇ cm -2 ).
- pyrotechnic flames of this temperature generally only provide very little IR radiation.
- the effectiveness of the MTV-containing decoys (flares) against IR seekers is based on the one hand on the high educational warmth of the Magnesium fluoride and the high emissivity of the soot produced ( ⁇ ⁇ 0.85), which is almost black body-like due to the thermal excitation Has radiation.
- the object of the invention is to propose a pyrotechnic sentence while maintaining the known spectral characteristics of MTV apparent targets has a significantly higher specific power.
- the increase in performance according to the invention serves to simplify production the ammunition. Now the same can be done with smaller amounts of pyrotechnics Performance can be achieved which increases the risk of fire and explosion at the Manufacturing reduced. Despite a reduction of the mixing batches by approx. 50% can continue to manufacture the same amount of sham targets with the same performance become.
- the ammunition is due to the reduction in the mass of the Pyrotechnic active cargo lighter, which also has logistical advantages surrender.
- PAK environmental and human toxicological Visible alarming polyaromatic hydrocarbons
- the graphite precursor i.e. the Aromatic (anthracene or decacyclene) or the intercalation compound of Graphite does not contribute to the heat of reaction, but rather acts as endergonic additive, which lowers the flame temperature (see USP 5834680 column 3 lines 23-25, column 5 lines 18-21).
- graphite can be produced by reducing poly (carbon monofluoride) (PMF) using high-energy halophilic fuels (for example beryllium, magnesium, calcium).
- PMF is a tertiary polycyclic alkyl fluoride and already has a quasi-infinite two-dimensional layer structure.
- PMF has real covalent bonds between the carbon and the fluorine atoms. Therefore, the formation of graphite by reductive elimination of the fluorine atoms is favored over the formation of condensed aromatics in relation to entrople alone.
- the conversion of a previously saturated system into an aromatic system represent a thermodynamic advantage.
- kits made of poly (carbon monofluoride) ((-CF x -) n with a mass fraction of 10-85% halophilic energetic fuels (beryllium, magnesium, calcium, titanium, zirconium, zirconium / nickel alloy, zirconium / iron alloy , Hafnium, aluminum, boron, magnesium / aluminum alloy) with a mass fraction of 15-90% with a preferably fluorine-containing binder such as Fluorel FC 2175 TM with a mass fraction of 2.5-7.5%, and graphite with a mass fraction of 0.1 - 5%.
- halophilic energetic fuels beryllium, magnesium, calcium, titanium, zirconium, zirconium / nickel alloy, zirconium / iron alloy , Hafnium, aluminum, boron, magnesium / aluminum alloy
- a mass fraction of 15-90% with a preferably fluorine-containing binder such as Fluorel FC 2175 TM with a mass fraction of 2.5-7.5%,
- the preferred fuel is magnesium because it is the cheapest has thermochemical properties (low melting and Enthalpy of vaporization, high melting point of the corresponding fluoride), easy to ignite, cheap and non-toxic (compare beryllium).
- Sets according to the invention contain magnesium in mass fractions between 30 and 70%, preferably between 40 and 70%.
- poly (carbon monofluoride) (-CF x - ) n with a molar fluorine fraction x ⁇ 1.0 with particle sizes ⁇ 50 ⁇ m is used, in parts by mass between 90 and 15%, but preferably in parts by mass between 70 and 30%.
- the combustion is supported as a binder fluorine-containing elastomers based on hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene difluoride copolymer for example Fluorel FC 2175 TM in mass proportions between 2.5 and 7.5% used.
- a binder fluorine-containing elastomers based on hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene difluoride copolymer for example Fluorel FC 2175 TM in mass proportions between 2.5 and 7.5% used.
- graphite powder according to the invention with a specific resistance ⁇ 7 ⁇ 10-5 ⁇ ⁇ m -1 is used in mass fractions of 0.5 to 5%.
- magnesium fluoride and graphite are formed according to equation 3.
- the ideal stoichiometry Due to the lower fluorine content of PMF compared to PTFE, the ideal stoichiometry (see equation 3) is at a magnesium content ⁇ (Mg) of 0.29, compared to Teflon, where the ideal stoichiometry (see equation 1) is one Share ⁇ (Mg) of 0.32 is reached. Since the heat of formation of the PMF ( ⁇ 175 kJ ⁇ mol -1 ) is almost a fifth as large as that of the Teflon ( ⁇ 854 kJ ⁇ mol -1 ), the heat of reaction of the reaction of magnesium with PMF is considerably higher than the heat of reaction for the magnesium / teflon system.
- the specific performance ( E 2-3 ⁇ m and E 3-5 ⁇ m ) of the Mg / PMF / Viton sets is correspondingly high.
- the specific performance in the range of ⁇ (Mg)> 45 approaches the values for Mg / PTFE / Viton, Mg / PMF / Viton has drastically higher values for mass throughput compared to Mg / PTFE / Viton sets.
- the radiance I ⁇ is therefore always 10 times higher with Mg / PMF / Viton sets than with comparable Mg / PTFE / Viton sets.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
Abstract
Description
1 | 2 | Quotient 1/2 | |
Magnesium | 40 % | 40 % | |
Poly-(kohlenstoffmonofluorid) | 55 % | -- | |
Polytetrafluorethylen | -- | 55 % | |
Viton | 05 % | 05 % | |
Brennzeit [s] | 2,66 | 11,5 | 0,2 |
E2-3µm [kJ·g-1·sr-1] | 0,170 | 0,100 | 1,7 |
E3-5µm [kJ·g-1·sr-1] | 0,157 | 0,080 | 2,0 |
Massendurchsatz [g·s-1·cm-2] | 3,003 | 0,700 | 4,3 |
I2-3µm [kW·sr-1·cm-2] | 0,511 | 0,070 | 7,3 |
I3-5µm [kW·sr-1·cm-2] | 0,472 | 0,056 | 8,4 |
Claims (5)
- Pyrotechnischer Satz zur Erzeugung von IR-Strahlung dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Oxidationsmittel zwischen 10 - 85 % Poly-(kohlenstoffmonofluorid), als Brennstoff zwischen 15 - 90 % eines halophilen metallischen Brennstoffs aus der Gruppe der Metalle Magnesium, Aluminium, Titan, Zirconium, Hafnium, Calcium, Beryllium, Bor oder Mischungen bzw. Legierungen dieser Metalle, ein organischer fluorhaltiger Binder mit Massenanteilen zwischen 2,5 und 7,5 %, sowie Graphit mit einem Massenanteil von 0,1- 5 % enthalten sind.
- Satz nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der metallische Brennstoff Magnesium ist und in Massenanteilen zwischen 40 - 70 % enthalten ist. - Satz nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß PMF mit einem molaren Fluoranteil von 1,0 in Massenanteilen zwischen 80 und 20% eingesetzt wird. - Satz nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß als Bindemittel fluorhaltige Elastomere auf Basis Hexafluorpropylen-Vinylidendifluorid-Copolymer in Massenanteilen zwischen 2,5 und 7,55 Enthalten sind. - Satz nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß Graphitpulver mit einem spezifischen Widerstand < 7·10-5 Ω·m-1 in Massenanteilen von 0,5 bis 5 % eingesetzt ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19964172A DE19964172B4 (de) | 1999-10-09 | 1999-10-09 | Pyrotechnischer Satz zur Erzeugung von IR-Strahlung |
DE19964172 | 1999-10-09 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1090895A1 true EP1090895A1 (de) | 2001-04-11 |
EP1090895B1 EP1090895B1 (de) | 2003-04-23 |
Family
ID=7935246
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00121713A Expired - Lifetime EP1090895B1 (de) | 1999-10-09 | 2000-10-05 | Pyrotechnischer Satz zur Erzeugung von IR-Strahlung |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1090895B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19964172B4 (de) |
IL (1) | IL138858A (de) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10307627B3 (de) * | 2003-02-22 | 2004-11-04 | Diehl Munitionssysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg | Pyrotechnischer Satz zur Erzeugung von IR-Strahlung und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
ES2220212A1 (es) * | 2003-05-19 | 2004-12-01 | Fabrica Nacional De La Marañosa | Bengala amplificadora de señal infrarroja para blancos aereos. |
NL1029465C2 (nl) * | 2005-07-06 | 2007-01-09 | Tno | Een pyrotechnische samenstelling. |
WO2016131158A3 (de) * | 2015-02-18 | 2017-07-13 | Ruag Ammotec Ag | Leuchtspurmunition |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10307639B3 (de) * | 2003-02-22 | 2004-11-04 | Diehl Munitionssysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren und Einrichtug zur in-situ-Beseitigung nicht umgesetzter Munition |
DE102004024857B4 (de) * | 2004-05-19 | 2008-07-10 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Pyrotechnischer Satz |
DE102005003579B4 (de) * | 2005-01-26 | 2010-11-04 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Pyrotechnischer Satz, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und seine Verwendung |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4094711A (en) * | 1977-09-01 | 1978-06-13 | Ford Aerospace & Communications Corporation | Tracer and composition |
US4855121A (en) * | 1987-01-05 | 1989-08-08 | Societe Atochem | Continuous process for the preparation of carbon polymonofluoride and apparatus therefor |
WO1998023585A2 (en) * | 1996-11-15 | 1998-06-04 | Cordant Technologies, Inc. | Black body decoy flare compositions and use |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB9120801D0 (en) * | 1991-10-01 | 1995-03-08 | Secr Defence | Propelled pyrotechnic decoy flare |
-
1999
- 1999-10-09 DE DE19964172A patent/DE19964172B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-10-04 IL IL13885800A patent/IL138858A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-10-05 DE DE50001847T patent/DE50001847D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-05 EP EP00121713A patent/EP1090895B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4094711A (en) * | 1977-09-01 | 1978-06-13 | Ford Aerospace & Communications Corporation | Tracer and composition |
US4855121A (en) * | 1987-01-05 | 1989-08-08 | Societe Atochem | Continuous process for the preparation of carbon polymonofluoride and apparatus therefor |
WO1998023585A2 (en) * | 1996-11-15 | 1998-06-04 | Cordant Technologies, Inc. | Black body decoy flare compositions and use |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10307627B3 (de) * | 2003-02-22 | 2004-11-04 | Diehl Munitionssysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg | Pyrotechnischer Satz zur Erzeugung von IR-Strahlung und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
ES2220212A1 (es) * | 2003-05-19 | 2004-12-01 | Fabrica Nacional De La Marañosa | Bengala amplificadora de señal infrarroja para blancos aereos. |
NL1029465C2 (nl) * | 2005-07-06 | 2007-01-09 | Tno | Een pyrotechnische samenstelling. |
WO2007004871A2 (en) * | 2005-07-06 | 2007-01-11 | Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno | An infra-red decoy flare |
WO2007004871A3 (en) * | 2005-07-06 | 2007-07-12 | Tno | An infra-red decoy flare |
WO2016131158A3 (de) * | 2015-02-18 | 2017-07-13 | Ruag Ammotec Ag | Leuchtspurmunition |
US10451392B2 (en) | 2015-02-18 | 2019-10-22 | Ruag Ammotec Ag | Tracer ammunition |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE50001847D1 (de) | 2003-05-28 |
IL138858A (en) | 2004-06-01 |
DE19964172A1 (de) | 2001-04-26 |
EP1090895B1 (de) | 2003-04-23 |
DE19964172B4 (de) | 2006-04-06 |
IL138858A0 (en) | 2001-10-31 |
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