EP1089955A1 - Method for producing pyrotechnic primer charges - Google Patents

Method for producing pyrotechnic primer charges

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Publication number
EP1089955A1
EP1089955A1 EP99926266A EP99926266A EP1089955A1 EP 1089955 A1 EP1089955 A1 EP 1089955A1 EP 99926266 A EP99926266 A EP 99926266A EP 99926266 A EP99926266 A EP 99926266A EP 1089955 A1 EP1089955 A1 EP 1089955A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metal
pyrotechnic
binder
potassium perchlorate
mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99926266A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1089955B1 (en
Inventor
Uwe Krone
Dirk Cegiel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nico Pyrotechnik Hanns Juergen Diederichs GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Nico Pyrotechnik Hanns Juergen Diederichs GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP1089955A1 publication Critical patent/EP1089955A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1089955B1 publication Critical patent/EP1089955B1/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • C06B21/0008—Compounding the ingredient
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
    • C06B33/06—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C9/00—Chemical contact igniters; Chemical lighters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing pyrotechnic igniter charges based on metal powders or metal hydrides, potassium perchlorate and binders.
  • Pyrotechnic phrases are mixtures of solid substances in mostly powdery form, the components of which mainly consist of reducing agents and oxidizing agents.
  • an appropriate amount of energy e.g. B. in the form of an ignition flame
  • a redox process is initiated: depending on the structure and arrangement, the pyrotechnic charge burns more or less violently.
  • Pyrotechnic phrases are used in a variety of ways and are used e.g. B. as ignition heads of matches, in light and signal ammunition, in smoke and mist bodies, in gas generators, for. B. for safety air cushions (airbags) and used in numerous different arrangements for fireworks.
  • Pyrotechnic kits are usually produced by dry mixing the individual components. If this is done by hand, the crushed components are pressed through sieves and mixed. In the case of mechanical mixing, the components of the pyrotechnic set are possibly mixed unmixed into containers after prior comminution and homogeneously mixed in this by means of stirrers, rotary movements of the mixing container or devices applying shear forces.
  • the mixing devices are tumble mixers, tetrahedron mixers, planetary mixers or derived and also combined mixers used.
  • Pyrotechnic phrases are often used as granules because they are easier to pour and dose in this form.
  • the granulation is done by adding a suitable solvent to the dry batch and mixing in special containers.
  • the solvent can already contain the binder in solution, or the binder component, which is swellable or soluble in the solvent, is already in powder form in the pyrotechnic compound, so that when the solvent is added, adhesive forces can form which ultimately lead to the form of granules .
  • Special granule mixers are provided to form the granulate shape. The solvent is then removed again by drying, so that a meterable bulk material is obtained.
  • This method is used in particular when mixing pyrotechnic primers.
  • solvents e.g. B. water
  • the pyrotechnic primers can be made much safer than when dry. Nevertheless, the energy stored in ignition kits is so high that the effect of an accident-related triggering prohibits their processing by hand even when wet.
  • the amount of mixture in the mass must be kept small, usually less than 100 grams, so that triggering remains manageable even during manufacture.
  • Another difficulty with this method is the measurement of the amount of liquid. On the one hand, it must be large enough to significantly reduce the risk of triggering when the sentence is mixed; on the other hand, the subsequent drying time increases with increasing amount of liquid; in addition, the risk of cracks and voids forming when drying increases: cracks and voids endanger the safe function of the primer when it is ignited. Since after the preparation of the mixture in the subsequent metering for the application, the liquid is also metered in, but is not involved in the actual conversion of the ignition mixture, the liquid content of the mixture must be precisely determinable and also kept constant during metering. Only then will the igniter charges have uniform properties during the subsequent drying.
  • liquid pasty mixtures for pyrotechnic primers with components of different density, solubility or electrical environment i. H. Formation of dipoles or charging in the same or opposite directions, relatively difficult to handle.
  • the different solid components in the mixtures have different
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for producing pyrotechnic primers of the type in question, with which the components used are mixed homogeneously, while at the same time the risk of triggering the mixture is significantly reduced and a reproducible dosage is made possible.
  • a homogeneous suspension is produced from the individual components for the pyrotechnic ignition charge with the aid of a suitable liquid dispersant, this being carried out with the aid of ultrasound he follows.
  • the mixture is dosed immediately afterwards in this consistency, e.g. B. in lighters or on igniters.
  • the grain sizes of the solids used, ie metal powder or metal hydrides and the potassium perchlorate are less than 50 ⁇ m, preferably less than 20 ⁇ m.
  • both an optimal mixing of the components and a suitable viscosity of the suspension for the subsequent metering can be achieved.
  • the energy required for the homogeneous distribution of the components in the suspension is introduced into the mixture by cavitation.
  • the cavitation is generated by ultrasound with frequencies preferably greater than 16 kHz. With the implosion of the gas bubbles resulting from the cavitation, temperatures of approx. 5500 ° C and pressures up to 500 bar can be reached.
  • Another feature of the invention is that the components are mixed directly in the container from which subsequently is also metered to the preparation of the dispersion. This is e.g. B. by using appropriately shaped sonotrodes, very possible.
  • the mixtures are e.g. B. in cartridges or cartridges, which are then used in a metering device.
  • the liquid mixtures are then metered into the prepared igniter housing or onto igniter elements using light pressure or vacuum.
  • the cartridges or cartridges containing the ignition mixture can be exposed to mechanical vibrations or sound waves.
  • Another application of the invention while avoiding the dangers that can occur when mixing larger quantities is the dosing of premixed components that are not or only slightly explosive in suspension in a relatively small mixing space and the subsequent filling or dosing in z.
  • the mixing room can be provided with a sonotrode connection or a mechanical sonotrode contact.
  • the method according to the invention for the production of pyrotechnic ignition charges based on metal powders, metal hydrides, potassium perchlorate and binders therefore consists of the process steps:
  • An exemplary composition of the ignition mixture is:
  • the ratio of solid to dispersant is variable and, based on experience, is in the range of 70 to 80% solids.
  • Titanium or zirconium or their hydrides are preferably used as the metal.
  • the binder is preferably selected from the group of the fluorinated polymeric aliphates.
  • the dispersant preferably acts as a solvent for the binder and preferably comes from the series of aliphatic ketones. Acetone or methyl ethyl ketone have proven effective for this.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to pyrotechnic primer charges produced on the basis of metal powders or metal hydride powders, potassium perchlorate and binders. In order to obtain a homogenous mixture, the powdery components are mixed with a liquid dispersing agent in a suspension with the aid of ultrasound and dosed having said consistency. Mixing for obtaining a suspension can also be carried out directly in a casing receiving the pyrotechnic primer charges.

Description

Verfahren zur Herstellung pyrotechnischer AnzündsätzeProcess for the production of pyrotechnic primers
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung pyrotechnischer Anzündsätze auf der Basis von Metallpulvern oder Metallhydriden, Kaliumperchlorat und Bindern.The invention relates to a method for producing pyrotechnic igniter charges based on metal powders or metal hydrides, potassium perchlorate and binders.
Pyrotechnische Sätze sind Gemische von festen Stoffen in zumeist pulverförmigen Zustand, deren Komponenten hauptsächlich aus Reduktionsmitteln und Oxidationsmitteln bestehen. Bei Zuführen einer der geeigneten Menge Energie, z. B. in Form einer Anzündflamme, wird ein Redoxvorgang eingeleitet: der pyrotechnische Satz brennt je nach Aufbau und Anordnung mehr oder weniger heftig ab.Pyrotechnic phrases are mixtures of solid substances in mostly powdery form, the components of which mainly consist of reducing agents and oxidizing agents. When adding an appropriate amount of energy, e.g. B. in the form of an ignition flame, a redox process is initiated: depending on the structure and arrangement, the pyrotechnic charge burns more or less violently.
Pyrotechnische Sätze finden vielfältige Verwendung und werden z. B. als Zündköpfe von Streichhölzern, in Leucht- und Signalmunition, in Rauch- und Nebelkörpern, in Gasgeneratoren, z. B. für Sicherheitsluftkissen (Airbags) und in zahlreichen verschiedenen Anordnungen bei Feuerwerkskörpern benutzt.Pyrotechnic phrases are used in a variety of ways and are used e.g. B. as ignition heads of matches, in light and signal ammunition, in smoke and mist bodies, in gas generators, for. B. for safety air cushions (airbags) and used in numerous different arrangements for fireworks.
Die Herstellung pyrotechnischer Sätze erfolgt zumeist durch trockenes Vermischen der einzelnen Bestandteile. Geschieht dieses von Hand, so werden die zerkleinerten Komponenten durch Siebe gedrückt und durchgemischt. Bei maschinellem Mischen werden die Komponenten des pyrotechnisehen Satzes eventuell nach vorheriger Zerkleinerung unvermischt in Behälter gefüllt und in diesem durch Rührer, Drehbewegungen des Mischbehälters oder Scherkräfte applizierende Einrichtungen homogen vermischt. Als Mischgeräte werden Taumelmischer, Tetraedermischer, Planetenmischer oder daraus abgeleitete und auch kombinierte Mischapparate verwendet .Pyrotechnic kits are usually produced by dry mixing the individual components. If this is done by hand, the crushed components are pressed through sieves and mixed. In the case of mechanical mixing, the components of the pyrotechnic set are possibly mixed unmixed into containers after prior comminution and homogeneously mixed in this by means of stirrers, rotary movements of the mixing container or devices applying shear forces. The mixing devices are tumble mixers, tetrahedron mixers, planetary mixers or derived and also combined mixers used.
Oft werden pyrotechnische Sätze als Granulat verwendet, weil sie sich in dieser Form besser schütten und dosieren lassen. Die Granulierung geschieht durch Zufügen eines geeigneten Lösemittels zum trockenen Satz und Vermischen in Spezialbehältern. Dabei kann das Lösemittel den Binder bereits gelöst enthalten oder die Binderkomponente, welche mit dem Lösemittel quellfähig oder in ihm löslich ist, befindet sich bereits in Pulverform im pyrotechnischen Satz, so daß bei Zugabe des Lösemittels sich adhäsive Kräfte ausbilden können, die schließlich zur Granulatform führen. Zur Ausbildung der Granulatform sind spezielle Granulatmischer vorgesehen. Durch anschließendes Trocknen wird das Lösemittel wieder entfernt, so daß man ein dosierfähiges Schüttgut erhält.Pyrotechnic phrases are often used as granules because they are easier to pour and dose in this form. The granulation is done by adding a suitable solvent to the dry batch and mixing in special containers. The solvent can already contain the binder in solution, or the binder component, which is swellable or soluble in the solvent, is already in powder form in the pyrotechnic compound, so that when the solvent is added, adhesive forces can form which ultimately lead to the form of granules . Special granule mixers are provided to form the granulate shape. The solvent is then removed again by drying, so that a meterable bulk material is obtained.
Wenn die Komponenten des pyrotechnischen Satzes sehr fein sind oder wenn die in ihnen gespeicherte chemische Energie groß ist, müssen Maßnahmen ergriffen werden, um die Gefahr bei der Herstellung beherrschbar zu halten. Die mechanische und thermische Empfindlichkeit dieser Sätze ist oft so ausgeprägt, daß sich ein Umgang mit ihnen ohne geeignete Sicherheitsmaßnahmen verbietet.If the components of the pyrotechnic kit are very fine, or if the chemical energy stored in them is large, measures must be taken to keep the manufacturing risk under control. The mechanical and thermal sensitivity of these sets is often so pronounced that handling them without suitable safety measures is prohibited.
Der Gefährlichkeit bei der Herstellung tragen zahlreiche Sicherheitsvorschriften Rechnung. So werden die pyrotechnischen Sätze z. B. bei den berufsgenossenschaftlichen UnfallVerhütungsvorschriften entsprechend ihrer Gefährlichkeit in Gruppen eingeteilt, die abgestufte Sicherheitsvorkehrungen bei der Herstellung der Sätze fordern. Die beiden gefährlichsten Gruppen dürfen nicht mehr von Hand gemischt werden. Sie werden hinter Schutzwänden oder in einem abgeteiltem Raum automatisch gemischt, der vom Bedienungsraum durch eine Widerstandswand getrennt ist. Diese Art der Herstellung nennt man gewöhnlich „Arbeiten unter Sicherheit". Dies gilt primär für trockene pulverige Komponenten.Numerous safety regulations take account of the dangerousness in manufacture. So the pyrotechnic phrases such. B. in the accident insurance accident prevention regulations divided into groups according to their dangerousness, which require graduated safety precautions in the production of the sets. The two most dangerous groups can no longer be mixed by hand. You will be behind Protective walls or automatically mixed in a compartment that is separated from the operating room by a resistance wall. This type of production is usually called "working under safety". This applies primarily to dry powdery components.
Werden beim Mischen Maßnahmen ergriffen, welche die Auslösbarkeit und die mechanische oder thermische Empfindlichkeit der Sätze herabsetzen, so können in der obigen Gruppeneinteilung Herabstufungen vorgenommen werden. Eine Maßnahme hierfür ist z. B., die Komponenten nicht trocken, sondern zusammen mit einer Flüssigkeit zu mischen.If measures are taken during mixing that reduce the triggerability and the mechanical or thermal sensitivity of the sets, downgrades can be made in the above grouping. One measure for this is e.g. B. not to mix the components dry, but together with a liquid.
Dieses Verfahren findet besonders Anwendung beim Mischen von pyrotechnischen Anzündsätzen. Unter Zusatz von Lösemitteln, z. B. Wasser, können die pyrotechnischen Anzündsätze wesentliche gefahrloser als in trockenem Zustand hergestellt werden. Trotzdem ist die in Anzündsätzen gespeicherte Energie so hoch, daß die Wirkung einer unfallbedingten Auslösung deren Verarbeitung von Hand auch im feuchten Zustand verbietet . Zudem muß die Mischungsmenge in der Masse klein gehalten werden, in der Regel unter 100 Gramm, so daß eine Auslösung auch bei der Herstellung unter Sicherheit beherrschbar bleibt .This method is used in particular when mixing pyrotechnic primers. With the addition of solvents, e.g. B. water, the pyrotechnic primers can be made much safer than when dry. Nevertheless, the energy stored in ignition kits is so high that the effect of an accident-related triggering prohibits their processing by hand even when wet. In addition, the amount of mixture in the mass must be kept small, usually less than 100 grams, so that triggering remains manageable even during manufacture.
Eine weitere Schwierigkeit bei diesem Verfahren ist die Bemessung der Flüssigkeitsmenge. Sie muß einerseits so groß sein, daß die Gefahr einer Auslösung bei der Mischung des Satzes deutlich gesenkt wird; andererseits erhöht sich mit steigender Flüssigkeitsmenge auch die anschließende Trocknungsdauer; außerdem nimmt die Gefahr der Riß- und Lunkerbildung beim Trocknen zu: Risse und Lunker gefährden die sichere Funktion des Anzündsatzes bei dessen Anzündung. Da nach der Herstellung der Mischung bei der anschließenden Dosierung für den Anwendungsfall die Flüssigkeit mitdosiert wird, am eigentlichen Umsatz der Anzündmischung jedoch nicht beteiligt ist, muß der Flüssigkeitsgehalt der Mischung genau bestimmbar sein und auch während des Dosierens konstant gehalten werden. Nur dann werden die Anzündsätze bei der anschließenden Trocknung gleichmäßige Eigenschaften aufweisen.Another difficulty with this method is the measurement of the amount of liquid. On the one hand, it must be large enough to significantly reduce the risk of triggering when the sentence is mixed; on the other hand, the subsequent drying time increases with increasing amount of liquid; in addition, the risk of cracks and voids forming when drying increases: cracks and voids endanger the safe function of the primer when it is ignited. Since after the preparation of the mixture in the subsequent metering for the application, the liquid is also metered in, but is not involved in the actual conversion of the ignition mixture, the liquid content of the mixture must be precisely determinable and also kept constant during metering. Only then will the igniter charges have uniform properties during the subsequent drying.
Des weiteren ist es bekannt, daß sich flüssige pastöse Mischungen für pyrotechnische Anzündsätze mit Komponenten unterschiedlicher Dichte, Löslichkeit oder elektrischem Umfeld, d. h. Ausbildung von Dipolen bzw. gleichsinniger oder gegensinniger Aufladung, relativ schwer handhaben lassen. In den Mischungen haben die verschiedenen Feststoffkomponenten unterschiedlicheFurthermore, it is known that liquid pasty mixtures for pyrotechnic primers with components of different density, solubility or electrical environment, i. H. Formation of dipoles or charging in the same or opposite directions, relatively difficult to handle. The different solid components in the mixtures have different
Sedimentationsgeschwindigkeiten, so daß sich nach kurzer Standzeit Flüssigkeit und Feststoff trennen und eine reproduzierbare Dosierung der Mischung erschweren.Sedimentation speeds, so that liquid and solid separate after a short standstill and make a reproducible dosing of the mixture difficult.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung pyrotechnischer Anzündsätze der in Rede stehenden Art anzugeben, mit dem die verwendeten Komponenten homogen vermischt werden, wobei gleichzeitig die Gefahr einer Auslösung der Mischung deutlich gesenkt und eine reproduziere Dosierung ermöglicht wird.The invention has for its object to provide a method for producing pyrotechnic primers of the type in question, with which the components used are mixed homogeneously, while at the same time the risk of triggering the mixture is significantly reduced and a reproducible dosage is made possible.
Diese Aufgabe ist gemäß der Erfindung durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst .This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1.
Demgemäß wird aus den einzelnen Komponenten für den pyrotechnischen Anzündsatz mit Hilfe eines geeigneten flüssigen Dispergiermittels eine homogene Suspension hergestellt, wobei dieses mit Hilfe von Ultraschall erfolgt. Die Mischung wird in dieser Konsistenz unmittelbar anschließend dosiert, z. B. in Anzündern oder auf Anzündelemente .Accordingly, a homogeneous suspension is produced from the individual components for the pyrotechnic ignition charge with the aid of a suitable liquid dispersant, this being carried out with the aid of ultrasound he follows. The mixture is dosed immediately afterwards in this consistency, e.g. B. in lighters or on igniters.
Die Korngrößen der verwendeten Feststoffe, also Metallpulver oder Metallhydride und das Kaliumperchlorat sind hierbei kleiner als 50 μm, vorzugsweise kleiner als 20 μm.The grain sizes of the solids used, ie metal powder or metal hydrides and the potassium perchlorate are less than 50 μm, preferably less than 20 μm.
Gemäß der Erfindung kann durch eine geeignete Menge an Dispergiermittel sowohl eine optimale Vermischung der Komponenten als auch eine geeignete Viskosität der Suspension für das nachfolgende Dosieren erzielt werden. Die zur homogenen Verteilung der Komponenten in der Suspension benötigte Energie wird durch Kavitation in die Mischung eingebracht. Die Kavitation wird durch Ultraschall mit Frequenzen vorzugsweise größer als 16 kHz erzeugt. Bei der Implosion der durch die Kavitation enstehenden Gasblasen können Temperaturen von ca. 5500 °C und Drücke bis 500 bar erreicht werden. Durch die Schnelligkeit des Zerfalls der Gasblasen in einer Zeitspanne von kleiner als 1 μs und durch die geringe Größenordnung der Gasblasen, die in der Regel kleiner als 150 μm sind, ist die Abkühlgeschwindkeit bei der Implosion so hoch, daß die Erwärmung der Suspension vernachlässigbar bleibt. Die chemischen Wirkungen von Ultraschall wurden bereits von K. S. Suslick in der Zeitschrift Spektrum der Wissenschaft, Heft 4, Seiten 60ff, 1989 beschrieben, wobei hier im wesentlichen Aspekte der Sonochemie von Flüssigkeiten und festen Oberflächen sowie von suspendierten Teilchen untersucht wurden.According to the invention, by means of a suitable amount of dispersant, both an optimal mixing of the components and a suitable viscosity of the suspension for the subsequent metering can be achieved. The energy required for the homogeneous distribution of the components in the suspension is introduced into the mixture by cavitation. The cavitation is generated by ultrasound with frequencies preferably greater than 16 kHz. With the implosion of the gas bubbles resulting from the cavitation, temperatures of approx. 5500 ° C and pressures up to 500 bar can be reached. Due to the rapidity of the disintegration of the gas bubbles in a time span of less than 1 μs and the small size of the gas bubbles, which are generally less than 150 μm, the cooling rate during the implosion is so high that the heating of the suspension remains negligible. The chemical effects of ultrasound have already been described by K. S. Suslick in the journal Spektrum der Wissenschaft, issue 4, pages 60ff, 1989, whereby essentially aspects of the sonochemistry of liquids and solid surfaces as well as of suspended particles were examined.
Ein weiteres Merkmal der Erfindung ist, daß die Komponenten direkt in dem Behälter gemischt werden, aus dem im Anschluß an die Herstellung der Dispersion auch dosiert wird. Dies ist z. B. durch den Einsatz von entsprechend geformten Sonotroden, sehr gut möglich. Die Mischungen werden z. B. in Kartuschen oder Patronen hergestellt, die anschließend in eine Dosierapparatur eingesetzt werden. Die flüssigen Mischungen werden dann mit leichtem Druck oder durch Vakuum in vorbereitete Anzündgehäuse oder auf Anzündelemente dosiert .Another feature of the invention is that the components are mixed directly in the container from which subsequently is also metered to the preparation of the dispersion. This is e.g. B. by using appropriately shaped sonotrodes, very possible. The mixtures are e.g. B. in cartridges or cartridges, which are then used in a metering device. The liquid mixtures are then metered into the prepared igniter housing or onto igniter elements using light pressure or vacuum.
Um im Laufe des Dosierprozesses Sedimentationen oder Koagulationseffekte zu verhindern, können die Kartuschen oder Patronen, die die Anzündmischung enthalten, mechanischen Schwingungen oder Schallwellen ausgesetzt werden .To prevent sedimentation or coagulation effects in the course of the dosing process, the cartridges or cartridges containing the ignition mixture can be exposed to mechanical vibrations or sound waves.
Durch das Mischen direkt in dem Dosierbehälter werden Abfüll- und Umfüllprozesse nach dem Mischen vermieden. Durch derartige Prozesse könnten sich in den Behältern Krusten oder Antrocknungen an den Wänden ergeben, was wegen des explosionsgefährlichen Charakters der Mischung unbedingt vermieden werden muß.By mixing directly in the dosing container, filling and transfer processes after mixing are avoided. Such processes could result in crusts or drying on the walls of the containers, which must be avoided due to the explosive nature of the mixture.
Eine weitere Anwendung der Erfindung unter Vermeidung der Gefahren, die beim Mischen größerer Mengen auftreten können, ist das Dosieren von in Suspension vorgemischten nicht oder nur wenig explosionsgefährlichen Komponenten des Anzündsatzes in einem relativ kleinen Mischraum und daraus das anschließende Einfüllen bzw. Dosieren in z. B. eine Anzünderhülse. Der Mischraum kann hierbei etwa mit einem Sonotroden-Anschluß oder einem mechanischen Sonotroden- Kontakt versehen sein.Another application of the invention while avoiding the dangers that can occur when mixing larger quantities is the dosing of premixed components that are not or only slightly explosive in suspension in a relatively small mixing space and the subsequent filling or dosing in z. B. an igniter sleeve. The mixing room can be provided with a sonotrode connection or a mechanical sonotrode contact.
Auf diese Weise wird von der an sich gefährlichen Mischung jeweils nur soviel hergestellt wie für einen Anzünder benötigt wird. Die Herstellung kann dann maschinell wirtschaftlicher in einer für eine Serienfertigung geeigneten hohen Taktfolge gesteuert werden. Wird z. B. eine Zusammensetzung des Anzundsatzes aus Kaliumperchlorat, Zirkoniumpulver, einem Binder und einem Lösemittel gewählt, dann können zwei suspensionsför ige Vormischungen hergestellt werden, die nicht oder nur wenig explosionsgefährlich sind, nämlich als eine Komponente das in dem Lösungsmittel dispergierte Kaliumperchlorat und als zweite Komponente das im Lösemittel dispergierte Zirkoniumpulver, wobei der Binder bereits im Lösemittel gelöst ist.In this way, only as much of the dangerous mixture is produced as for a lighter is needed. The production can then be controlled more economically by machine in a high cycle sequence suitable for series production. Is z. B. a composition of the ignition set from potassium perchlorate, zirconium powder, a binder and a solvent is selected, then two suspension premixes can be produced which are not or only slightly explosive, namely as one component the potassium perchlorate dispersed in the solvent and as a second component that Zirconium powder dispersed in the solvent, whereby the binder is already dissolved in the solvent.
Zusammengefaßt besteht das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung pyrotechnischer Anzündsätze auf der Basis von Metallpulvern, Metallhydriden, Kaliumperchlorat und Bindern demnach aus den Verfahrensschritten:In summary, the method according to the invention for the production of pyrotechnic ignition charges based on metal powders, metal hydrides, potassium perchlorate and binders therefore consists of the process steps:
1. Wiegen und Einfüllen der Komponenten oder von nicht oder wenig explosionsgef hrlichen Vormischungen in eine Misch- und Dosierpatrone bzw. Dosierkartusche;1. Weighing and filling the components or premixes that are not or not very explosively explosive into a mixing and dosing cartridge or dosing cartridge;
2. Herstellen der Mischung in der Patrone bzw. Kartusche oder einem kleinen Mischraum durch Anwendung von Ultraschall;2. Preparation of the mixture in the cartridge or cartridge or a small mixing room by using ultrasound;
3. Dosieren der pyrotechnischen Anzündmischung, sofern das Mischen nicht bereits in dem für die Anwendung des pyrotechnischen Anzundsatzes verwendeten Behälter erfolgt .3. Dosing of the pyrotechnic ignition mixture, provided that the mixing is not already taking place in the container used for the application of the pyrotechnic ignition device.
Danach werden die Anzündsätze z. B. durch Trocknung vom restlichen Dispergiermittel befreit und der weiteren Bearbeitung zugeführt. Eine beispielhafte Zusammensetzung der Anzündmischung ist:Then the primers z. B. freed from drying of the remaining dispersant and fed to further processing. An exemplary composition of the ignition mixture is:
55 % Zirkoniumpulver55% zirconium powder
43 % Kaliumperchlorat 2 % Binderkomponente; alle Prozentzahlen sind jeweils Gewichtsprozente.43% potassium perchlorate 2% binder component; all percentages are percentages by weight.
Das Verhältnis von Feststoff zu Dispergiermittel ist variabel und liegt erfahrungsgemäß im Bereich von 70 bis 80 % Feststoffen.The ratio of solid to dispersant is variable and, based on experience, is in the range of 70 to 80% solids.
Als Metall werden vorzugsweise Titan oder Zirkonium bzw. deren Hydride verwendet . Der Binder wird vorzugsweise aus der Gruppe der fluorierten polymeren Aliphate ausgewählt.Titanium or zirconium or their hydrides are preferably used as the metal. The binder is preferably selected from the group of the fluorinated polymeric aliphates.
Das Dispergiermittel fungiert vorzugsweise als Lösemittel für den Binder und stammt bevorzugt aus der Reihe der aliphatischen Ketone . Aceton oder Methylethylketon haben sich hierfür bewährt. The dispersant preferably acts as a solvent for the binder and preferably comes from the series of aliphatic ketones. Acetone or methyl ethyl ketone have proven effective for this.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zum Herstellen pyrotechnischer Anzündsätze auf der Basis von Metallpulvern oder1. Process for the manufacture of pyrotechnic primers based on metal powders or
Metal1hydridpulvern, Kaliumperchlorat und Bindern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die pulverförmigen Komponenten der Metallpulver, Metallhydride von Kaliumperchlorat und Binder mit einem flüssigen Dispergiermittel als Suspension unter Verwendung von Ultraschall gemischt und in dieser Konsistenz im Anschluß an die Herstellung dosiert werden.Metal hydride powders, potassium perchlorate and binders, characterized in that the powdery components of the metal powder, metal hydrides of potassium perchlorate and binder are mixed with a liquid dispersant as a suspension using ultrasound and dosed in this consistency after production.
2. Verfahren zum Herstellen pyrotechnischer Anzündsätze auf der Basis von Metallpulvern oder2. Process for the manufacture of pyrotechnic primers based on metal powders or
Metal1hydridpulvern, Kaliumperchlorat und Bindern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die pulverförmigen Komponenten aus Metall, Metallhydrid, Kaliumperchlorat und Binder mit einem flüssigen Dispergiermittel in einer Suspension unter Verwendung von Ultraschall direkt in einem, den pyrotechnischen Anzündsatz aufnehmenden Gehäuse gemischt werden.Metal hydride powders, potassium perchlorate and binders, characterized in that the powdery components of metal, metal hydride, potassium perchlorate and binder are mixed with a liquid dispersant in a suspension using ultrasound directly in a housing which accommodates the pyrotechnic ignition charge.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die verwendeten pulverförmigen Komponenten von Metall, Metallhydrid und Kaliumperchlorat eine Korngröße von < 50 μm, vorzugsweise < 20 μm haben.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the powdered components of metal, metal hydride and potassium perchlorate used have a grain size of <50 microns, preferably <20 microns.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Metall Titan oder Zirkonium bzw. deren Hydride verwendet werden.4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that titanium or zirconium or their hydrides are used as metal.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Binder aus der Gruppe der fluorierten polymeren Aliphaten ausgewählt ist.5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the binder from the group of the fluorinated polymeric aliphatic is selected.
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Dispergiermittel als Lösemittel für den Binder fungiert .6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dispersant acts as a solvent for the binder.
7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Dispergiermittel aus der Reihe der aliphatischen Ketone ausgewählt wird.7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dispersant is selected from the series of aliphatic ketones.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Bindemittel Aceton oder Methylethylketon verwendet wird.8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that acetone or methyl ethyl ketone is used as the binder.
9. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Herstellung der fertigen Mischung der Anzündsätze zunächst Suspensionen von nicht oder wenig explosionsgefährlichen Vormischungen aus einzelnen Komponenten des Anzundsatzes hergestellt werden, die anschließend in geringen Mengen zu dem pyrotechnischen Anzündsatz vermischt werden.9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for the preparation of the finished mixture of primers first suspensions of non or little explosive premixes are made from individual components of the primer, which are then mixed in small amounts to the pyrotechnic primer.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mischung für den pyrotechnischen Anzündsatz direkt in einem diesen aufnehmenden Gehäuse erfolgt .10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the mixture for the pyrotechnic igniter takes place directly in a housing receiving this.
11. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei der Dosierung die Mischung in Schwingungen versetzt wird.11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixture is vibrated during the metering.
12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in die Mischung Schallwellen eingeleitet werden. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that sound waves are introduced into the mixture.
EP99926266A 1998-05-28 1999-04-16 Method for producing pyrotechnic primer charges Expired - Lifetime EP1089955B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823999A DE19823999C2 (en) 1998-05-28 1998-05-28 Process for the manufacture of pyrotechnic igniters
DE19823999 1998-05-28
PCT/DE1999/001160 WO1999061394A1 (en) 1998-05-28 1999-04-16 Method for producing pyrotechnic primer charges

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EP1089955A1 true EP1089955A1 (en) 2001-04-11
EP1089955B1 EP1089955B1 (en) 2002-08-21

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EP (1) EP1089955B1 (en)
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KR (1) KR100570574B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE222580T1 (en)
AU (1) AU752432B2 (en)
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US6783616B1 (en) 2004-08-31
DE19823999C2 (en) 2002-07-18
KR20010052391A (en) 2001-06-25
AU4358499A (en) 1999-12-13
ATE222580T1 (en) 2002-09-15
KR100570574B1 (en) 2006-04-12
CA2332903A1 (en) 1999-12-02
AU752432B2 (en) 2002-09-19
DE59902415D1 (en) 2002-09-26
EP1089955B1 (en) 2002-08-21
DE19823999A1 (en) 1999-12-09
WO1999061394A1 (en) 1999-12-02
JP2002516250A (en) 2002-06-04

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