EP1088044B1 - Installation for treating remaining material - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to make it possible for an inhomogeneous residue generated in a pyrolysis plant to be separated continuously and in as fully graded a way as possible, specially selected components are combined with one anther in an advantageous configuration. An essential element of the plant is the separation of a coarse residue in a coarse screen and the subsequent separation of the remaining residue in a zigzag separator into a light residue and a heavy residue. By use of the plant, in particular, the carbon-containing constituents are separated from the remaining residue. The individual components are mostly configured to be self-cleaning for fault-free operation.

Description

The invention relates to a plant for treating residues of inhomogeneous residues from a thermal waste disposal system, especially from a pyrolysis plant.

From EP-A-0 302 310 and from the company publication "Die SchwelBrenn-Anlage, a description of the procedure ", publisher Sie-mens AG, Berlin and Munich, 1996, is as a pyrolysis plant a so-called smoldering plant known, in which essentially a two-step process is carried out. In The first step is the delivered waste in a smoldering drum (Pyrolysis reactor) introduced and carbonized (pyrolyzed). During pyrolysis, the smoldering drum is formed Smoldering gas and pyrolysis residue. The smoldering gas becomes together with combustible parts of the pyrolysis residue in one High temperature combustion chamber at temperatures of approx. 1200 ° C burned. The resulting exhaust gases are then cleaned.

The pyrolysis residue largely contains non-combustible materials Shares, which essentially consist of an inert fraction, such as glass, stones or ceramics, as well as from a metal fraction put together. The latter comprises an iron fraction and a non-ferrous fraction. It is known to the individual Fractions of the non-combustible portion from each other separate, and if possible, sort them one by one To be recycled.

There is a plant for the separation and sorting of the residual material necessary for the treatment of residues, which is able the highly inhomogeneous pyrolysis residue obtained in the pyrolysis process separate in a continuous process. For ecological reasons, one is particularly possible complete separation of the flammable, carbonaceous Shares aimed for, for example, recycled energetically can be. This will reduce the amount of landfill to be kept as low as possible.

Due to the strong inhomogeneity of the residue, which with regard to its material composition, its size and the geometry of its residue parts are very different has, it is essential that the individual components the system are coordinated to ensure a continuous to ensure and safe operation of the system, and a failure of the system due to possibly blocked components to avoid.

In US-A-4,077,847 is a plant for the treatment of Residual material reveals which a coarse sieve and a zigzag-shaped Has air classifier.

The present invention has for its object a To specify the plant for the treatment of residues of inhomogeneous residues, which is a safe and continuous separation of the Residual guaranteed without clogging of individual Components occur.

a) mit einem Grobsieb, dem der inhomogene Reststoff zuführbar ist,

b) mit einem Windsichter, welcher dem Grobsieb zur Zuführung des Reststoffes nachgeordnet ist und dessen Kanal von Luft durchströmbar einen oberen Ausgang für leichten Reststoff und einen unteren Ausgang für schweren Reststoff aufweist, und

c) mit einer Windsichttrommel, welche von Luft durchströmbar und mit dem unteren Ausgang verbunden ist, wobei die Windsichttrommel uns Ihre Längsachse drehbar gelagert ist und an. deren Innenwand Mitnehmer angeordnet sind.

The object is achieved according to the invention by a plant for the treatment of residues of inhomogeneous residues from a thermal waste disposal plant, in particular from a pyrolysis plant,

a) with a coarse sieve to which the inhomogeneous residue can be fed,

b) with an air classifier, which is arranged downstream of the coarse sieve for supplying the residual material and whose channel through which air can flow has an upper outlet for light residual material and a lower outlet for heavy residual material, and

c) with an air classifier drum, through which air can flow and which is connected to the lower outlet, the air classifier drum being rotatably mounted on its longitudinal axis and on. whose inner wall drivers are arranged.

The coarse screen serves to separate coarse residues from the inhomogeneous residue. The remaining fine residue is in the wind sifter, also known as the zigzag sifter, into a light residue and a heavy residue Cut. The previous separation of the coarse residue is of enormous importance for the functionality of the air classifier, because coarse material is in the air classifier's channel can jam. The one brought into the zigzag sifter fine residue has a largely homogeneous size distribution on.

For separating the heavy residue from the light residue the channel goes from the bottom exit to the top exit from Air flows at a suitable flow rate. Depending on the flow velocity and the specific weight of the individual residues light residues towards the upper exit from the air carried, whereas the heavy residues down fall. A key advantage of the zigzag shaped Design lies in the fact that even flat, heavy residues, such as crown caps, safely be separated.

For a particularly safe separation of coarse ones in the coarse sieve Residues without guaranteeing the risk of constipation, the coarse sieve preferably has a spiral coiled rod that extends in the direction of its spiral axis extends and is rotatable about this. In addition, it advantageously points an alignment device for aligning elongated solid parts arranged in front of the spiral and that flows into their interior. The alignment device is designed in particular as a drum. A coarse sieve designed in this way is referred to as a spiral sieve. The spiral sieve is in German Published patent application DE 198 23 018. The spiral sieve can also be several in the form of a spiral or partial spiral have arranged rods, for example each on Start the drum end of the alignment device and face each other are staggered. The partial spirals are preferred not a complete turn, but preferably have an angle of rotation less than 180 °.

The heavy residue is rummaged through in the air classifier drum so that any light residue still adhering is dissolved. Air flows through the air classifier drum towards the lower exit of the zigzag classifier, so that the light residues are carried along and carried upwards in the zigzag classifier.
In a preferred development of the system, a vortex sieve is connected to the upper outlet, in which a rotor is arranged in a housing and a flat sieve is arranged between the rotor and the housing.

Due to the rotational movement of the vortex sieve, it becomes supplied light residues by centrifugal acceleration flung out towards the sieve. The sieve separates into two fractions different grain sizes achieved. To in the vortex sieve to enable shredding of residues are on the rotor advantageously attached strips.

The vortex sieve preferably has a spherical zone and one Grinding zone, the flat sieve in the area of the grinding zone is arranged around the rotor. The grinding zone is the spherical zone especially subordinate. Both the spherical as well as the grinding zone have an advantageous Design lasts. In the bullet zone for example flat aluminum foils formed into small balls, so that a clogging of sieve holes of the sieve with flat Aluminum foils is avoided. Be in the grinding zone with the help of the strips in particular carbon-containing components crushed, which can then pass through the sieve.

A major advantage of the combination of coarse sieve, zigzag sifter and vortex sieve is that a big one Part of the carbon-containing residues separated is used, for example, thermally in a combustion chamber become.

It is also advantageous with the lower output and especially in connection to the air classifying drum a separating device for separating the residue into an inert fraction as well as combined into an iron and non-iron fraction. The heavy residue is fed to the separator, which is due to the upstream components of carbonaceous Dust is largely freed, so that almost sorting is now possible.

Any carbon-containing residues are still present mainly contained in the inert fraction. To the remaining To gain carbon shares points in a preferred Embodiment of the separation device an inert sieve for further screening of the inert fraction. With this becomes a fine and relatively high carbon fraction separated, for example, another inert cleaning fed to remove the remaining carbon becomes.

In a preferred embodiment, an internal screen is used sieve called chain sieve used, as in the German patent application DE 198 23 019 is described. The chain screen described therein is essentially as one continuous grating with diaphragm openings for trained the solid.

FIG 1

ein Schaubild der Anlage zur Reststoffbehandlung,

FIG 2

ein als Spiralsieb ausgebildetes Grobsieb,

FIG 3

ein Wirbelsieb,

FIG 4

eine Windsichttrommel,

FIG 5

ein als Kettensieb ausgestaltetes Inertiensieb.

Further exemplary embodiments, additional details and advantageous refinements of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. Each shows in schematic representations:

FIG. 1

a diagram of the plant for the treatment of residues,

FIG 2

a coarse sieve designed as a spiral sieve,

FIG 3

a swirl sieve,

FIG 4

an air classifier drum,

FIG 5

an inert sieve designed as a chain sieve.

According to Figure 1 is in a plant for residual material treatment an inhomogeneous residue IR is fed to a coarse sieve 2. The inhomogeneous residue IR is preferably pyrolysis residue a pyrolysis plant. The inhomogeneous residue is in the coarse screen 2 IR separated into a residue R and a coarse residue GR. Its rough residues are larger, for example trained as 200 mm, are collected and if necessary removed. The coarse screen 2 is preferably a spiral screen formed, as shown in Figure 2.

After the bulky parts are separated, the Residual material R via a rotary valve 4 and via a feed line 18 a wind sifter designated as a zigzag sifter 6 fed. The zigzag sifter 6 is as one extending substantially in a vertical direction, zigzag-shaped Channel 8 formed, the multiple kinks 10 has. The zigzag sifter 6 has a lower one Exit 12 for heavy residue SR and an upper one Exit 14 for light residue LR. He is from his lower Exit 12 to its upper exit 14 from air L flows through. The rotary valve 4 prevents the Feed line 18 an air leakage flow from the zigzag classifier 6 branches off to the coarse sieve 2.

The light residual LR becomes the upper one due to the air flow Exit 14 taken away, whereas the heavy residue SR drops to the lower exit 12. At the kinks 10 there is an abrupt change in direction of the Flow direction of the air L, so that the entrained by the air L. Residual material R is exposed to radial forces. Thereby heavy residues of SR usually collide with one another the walls of the canal 8. In particular flat, heavy residues SR, whose flat side initially faces the air direction is aligned and therefore from the air L in spite of it large specific weight are initially carried, change at the kinks 10 their orientation to the flowing Air L and fall down.

With the zigzag sifter 6 in particular dust and carbon-containing parts deposited as light residue LR. The light residue LR shows as impurities still light metal or aluminum plates and lint or wire fibers. The light residue LR is in one Cyclone 20 separated from air L. This will then cleaned in an exhaust filter 22 and can then to the Be emitted or as combustion air for one combustion chamber provided in the pyrolysis plant are used.

The light residue LR separated in the cyclone 20 becomes over a further rotary valve 4 fed to a vortex sieve 24. In this the impurities from the carbonaceous Parts of dust separated and an air classifier drum 26 fed. In the vortex sieve 24, larger carbonaceous materials are also produced Crushed residues and together with the carbon-containing dust components together as fine residual FR with the fine residue obtained from the exhaust air filter 22 FR derived and for example as a fuel Combustion chamber fed.

In the wind sifting drum 26, which at the lower output 12 of the Zigzag classifier 6 connected and with the vortex sieve 24 is connected, the heavy residue SR is circulated, so that slight residues adhering to the heavy residues LR to be separated. The wind screening drum 26 air L flows through in the direction of the zigzag sifter 6, the light and separated residues LR takes in the zigzag sifter 6.

The heavy residue SR from the air classifying drum 26 becomes one Separation device 28 supplied. In this there is a separation into an iron fraction FE, an inert fraction I and made in a non-ferrous fraction NE. The inert fraction I is fed to an inert sieve 30, in which it is in a coarse GI inert fraction and a fine inert fraction FI is separated. The inertia of the fine inert fraction FI, for example, have a size up to a few Centimeters, and may be very high in carbon. The fine inert fraction FI is preferably one fed further inert cleaning, in which the carbonaceous Shares are deposited. The inert sieve 30 is especially as a chain screen, as shown in Figure 5 is trained.

The described plant for the treatment of residues of inhomogeneous Pyrolysis residue IR is made possible by the special design of the individual components and by their extreme expedient mutual arrangement an extensive separation the carbon-containing parts of the remaining residue, which with a high degree of purity and type into one Inert fraction I, an iron fraction FE and into one Non-ferrous fraction NE can be separated. These recyclables can be recycled in a suitable manner without further cleaning become.

FIG. 2 shows a coarse sieve 2 designed as a spiral sieve, an alignment device in the form of a drum or Includes rotary tube 32. This is opposite to the horizontal inclined. At one end is a feeder 36 arranged for residue R and on its opposite A spirally wound rod 38 is attached at the end, which forms a spiral 40. The spiral 40 is approximately aligned with the rotary tube 32 so that the diameter of the rotary tube 32nd and that of the spiral 40 are approximately the same. At the same time, it falls Longitudinal axis 41 of the rotary tube 32 with the spiral axis 42 of the Spiral 40 together.

The rotary tube 32 is rotatably supported and can be via a Drive not shown are set in rotation. The spiral attached to it also rotates with it 40. According to FIG. 2, this has five turns. The The distance between two adjacent turns is preferably about 180 mm. The spirally wound rod 38 is made made of a robust material and is especially metallic. For example, it is a round bar or a steel tube. The spiral 40 is only on one side, namely on the rotary tube 32, attached. Your spiral end facing away from the rotary tube 32 is free of fasteners and is not supported. The spiral 40 will therefore become unpaved Curve towards the end due to their own weight. The spiral 40 can also be attached on both sides. It is preferably curved.

The inhomogeneous residue IR is over the feed device 36 abandoned and due to the inclination of the rotary tube 32nd and due to the rotational movement in the conveying direction 44 to the spiral 40 transported there. This is the coarse residue GR separated from the remaining residue R by only the coarse residue GR is transported further by the spiral 40 becomes. A major advantage of the coarse screen 2 with the spiral 40 can be seen in the fact that even more fluent Coarse residues GR through the rotary movement in a simple manner Direction of conveyance 44 is transported.

Because of the rotary movement of the rotary tube 32, elongated tubes are directed Residual parts 46 in the conveying direction 44, so that they approximately parallel to the spiral axis 42 in the interior of the Spiral 40 are performed. This will surely avoid that elongated residues 46 perpendicular to the spiral axis 42 get into the spiral 40 and fall through the spiral. This means that only fine residue R can fall through, which is collected in a first collecting container 47 and if necessary is transported away. Coarse residue GR is through the spiral 40 is passed through and falls into one at its end second collection container 48 and will also if necessary removed. Instead of the collecting container 47, 48 can also conveyor devices, such as conveyor belts or screws, be provided to the residue R, GR continuously evacuate.

An essential aspect of the coarse screen 2 is the curvature of the Spiral 40, through which the distance between two successive Turns during rotation. On Residual part R, which has jammed in the spiral 40, rotates with the spiral 40 and is raised. at the same time the distance between the turns widens, so that the Residual part R can fall down. The spiral or coarse sieve 2 is therefore largely self-cleaning.

A vortex sieve 24 is shown in FIG. It has one about a rotation axis 50 rotatable rotor 52, which in a Housing 54 is arranged. Via a feed opening 56 the vortex sieve 24 is separated from the top in the cyclone 20 light residue LR supplied.

The rotor 52 is initially cylindrical in the upper region trained and then tapers like a cone below. On the rotor 52 are oblique to the axis of rotation 50 Last arranged 58.

An inner housing 60 is arranged around the rotor 52 conforms approximately to the geometry of the rotor 52. The inner case 60 is in the region of the cone-shaped rotor 52 designed as a sieve 61 with sieve holes 62.

The light residual material LR is fed through the rotary movement of the rotor 52 and by baffles 64 which on the Task opening 56 facing end of the rotor 52 attached are deflected radially outwards. It flows from there light residual LR in the between rotor 52 and inner housing 60 formed gap down. He goes through it a spherical zone 66 which is in the region of the cylindrical Formation of the rotor 52 is formed and to which one Grinding zone 68 connects.

The light residue LR usually has a carbon content Residual parts with a size of a few millimeters on. However, it can also contain larger carbon-containing solid parts up to a size of a few tens of millimeters have as well as with light flat metal parts, lint and fine stranded wires. In the spherical zone 66 the contaminants from the rotational movement and the strips 58 into small spherical particles shaped or crushed. In the grinding zone 68 in particular grind the larger carbon-containing residues. The small portions of the light residue that have been added LR are combined with the ground carbonaceous Portions separated outwards through the sieve holes 62 and leave as a carbon-containing fine residue FR the vortex sieve 24. The spherical impurities are in the essentially carbon-free, have larger dimensions than the sieve holes 62 open and leave the vortex sieve 24 as light residue LR.

The decisive advantage of the vortex sieve 24 can be seen in that through the ball zone 66, and in particular by destroying elongated fluff, clogging the Siebs 61 is prevented, and that a carbonaceous Fraction as fine residual FR is effectively separated.

FIG. 4 shows a section through an air classifier drum 26. The wind screening drum 26 is rotatable about a drum axis 70 and points to the inner wall of her drum 72, for example hook-shaped driver 74. With the drivers 74 becomes the one placed in the air classifying drum 26 heavy residue SR lifted up, which then again falling. This removes light residues LR that stick to the heavy residues of SR, from these and are from the air flowing through the air classifier 26 taken to the zigzag sifter 6.

FIG. 5 shows an internet screen designed as a chain screen 30 in a perspective view. It has two spaced apart pulleys 82 to the two run parallel to each other running treadmills 84. The The running direction of the treadmills 84 corresponds to the conveying direction 86 for a residue placed on the inert sieve 30 R, in particular for those separated in the separating device 28 Inert fraction I. Across the conveying direction 86 84 transverse tabs 88 are mounted vertically on the treadmills. They are each at their front ends on the narrow-band treadmills 84, for example by a Welded connection, fastened. Between two successive ones Cross straps 88 are arranged longitudinal straps 90, of of which only three are shown as examples. The longitudinal tabs 90 are preferably arranged perpendicular to the cross straps 88 and fitted in two successive cross brackets 88. The longitudinal straps are located on one of these two cross straps 88 90 attached. On the one facing away from the treadmills 84 Laths 92 are arranged on the end face of the longitudinal tabs 90. They are stepped, with successive ones Last 92 overlap.

Cross brackets 88 and longitudinal brackets 90 form on the treadmills 84 surveys, the height of the longitudinal tabs 90 and that of the cross brackets 88 substantially correspond to each other. The strips 92 attached to the longitudinal tabs 90 protrude the cross straps 88.

The deflection rollers 82 are designed as rollers according to FIG. Alternatively, a separate pair can be used for each treadmill 84 be provided by pulleys 82. The deflection rollers 82 are for a slip-free drive, for example as Gear wheels formed in corresponding tooth openings in Grab the treadmill. The treadmill 84 is off, for example Plastic and preferably as a chain with metallic chain links educated.

Since the treadmills 84 are narrow-band and not flat there are 84 diarrhea openings between the treadmills 94 formed essentially by the cross brackets 88th and the longitudinal tabs 90 are limited. The from the cross brackets 88 and the longitudinal straps 90 spanned surface acts as a sieve opening or as a sieve surface 96.

The residue R is placed in a feed area and transported in conveying direction 86. In the task area is direct below the upper portion of the treadmills 84 impermeable bottom 98 arranged. Closes at the bottom 98 a first conveyor device 100 for a separated one fine inert fraction FI, which acts as an oblique Slide is shown. Alternatively, it can be considered an active one Conveyor device in the form of a conveyor belt or a screw conveyor be trained.

Below the treadmills 84, especially at the turning point of the front deflection roller 82, is a cleaning rake 102 with Prongs 104 are provided. The cleaning rake 102 is his Longitudinal axis rotatably supported, as schematically by arrow 106 is indicated.

The residue R applied to the inertial sieve 30 becomes a fine inertia component FI and a coarse inertia component GI separated. The maximum size of the fine portion of inert FI corresponds to the maximum extent of the screen area 96. He gathers because of the arrangement of the impermeable Soil 98 in the order area initially in a kind Sieve box, which of the longitudinal plates 90, the transverse plates 88th and is formed by the bottom 98. The accumulated fine portion of inert FI is from the cross brackets 88 to the end of the floor 98 where it passes through the diaphragm openings 94 the first conveyor 100 arranged there falls. rough Inert parts GI, the dimensions of which are larger than that of Sieve surfaces 96, remain on the longitudinal and transverse tabs 88, 90 lie, continue until the end of the inert sieve 30 transported and do not fall into one, for example second conveyor shown in more detail.

Residues R that have an unfavorable dimension, can jam between two successive cross brackets 88. Once these cross tabs 88 to the end pulley 82 reach, the distance between the two cross brackets 88 and the jammed residue part falls out. The inertial sieve 30 is therefore removed due to the Design with the revolving treadmills 84 between Cross brackets 88 clamped residues R automatically.

It is not possible to jam between the longitudinal tabs 90, since the strips 92 attached to the longitudinal tabs 90 the longitudinal tabs 90 overlap. The distance between two Last 92 is therefore less than that between two longitudinal tabs 90, so that residues R only between the strips 92 can jam. One between two side by side arranged strips 92 is clamped residue R part carried to the cleaning rake 102 and there with the help the prongs 104 released. The tines 104 engage in the spaces formed by the longitudinal tabs. The inertial sieve 30 is therefore also for those stuck between the strips 92 Residual parts R designed self-cleaning.

Further advantageous configurations of the inertial sieve 30 can the already mentioned German published application DE 198 23 019 can be taken. The same applies to the coarse sieve 2, the special design of the German Laid-open patent application DE 198 23 018.

Claims (5)

1. Plant for residue treatment, with an air separator which has a zigzag-shaped duct (8) through which a flow is capable of passing and having an upper outlet (14) and a lower outlet (12), and with a coarse screen, characterized in that, for the treatment of inhomogeneous residue (IR) from a thermal waste disposal plant, in particular from a pyrolysis plant,

   a) the inhomogeneous residue (IR) can be fed to the coarse screen (2) for separation into coarse residue (GR) and residue (R),

   b) for feeding the residue (R), the coarse screen (2) is followed by the air separator (6), of which the duct (8) through which air (16) is capable of flowing has the upper outlet (14) for light residue (LR) and the lower outlet (12) for heavy residue (SR), and

   c) in that the lower outlet (12) has connected to it an air separator drum (26), through which air (L) is capable of flowing and which is mounted rotatably about its longitudinal axis and on the inner wall of which drivers (74) are arranged.
2. Plant according to Claim 1, characterized in that the upper outlet (14) has connected to it a centrifugal screen (24), in which a rotor (52) is arranged in a housing (54) and a screen (61) is arranged between the rotor (52) and housing (54).
3. Plant according to Claim 2, characterized in that battens (58) are fastened to the rotor (52).
4. Plant according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the centrifugal screen (24) has a balling zone (66) and a grinding zone (68), and in that the screen (61) is arranged around the rotor (52) in the region of the grinding zone (68).
5. Plant according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the air separator drum (26) has arranged downstream of it a separating device (28) for separating the heavy residue (SR) into an inert fraction (I) and into at least one metal fraction, in particular a ferrous fraction (FE) and a non-ferrous fraction (NE).

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