JP4690372B2 - Plant to increase bulk specific gravity of waste sheet material - Google Patents

Description

This invention is a relatively thin wall thickness such as sheet waste, film waste, bag waste, bottle waste, etc. that is discarded as general waste such as household waste, as factory waste from factories, supermarkets, department stores, companies, etc. In particular, the present invention relates to a high-precision wind power sorter in a plant for increasing the bulk specific gravity of a waste sheet material configured to form a granular material having a high bulk specific gravity from various waste sheet materials processed into various shapes.

In recent years, waste plastic articles that have been processed into various shapes with relatively thin wall thickness, such as foamed polystyrene and sheet-like, film-like, bag-like, bottle-like, etc. that are discarded as general waste and business-use waste, are plastic. It has been used as a raw material for recycled solid fuel and recycled oil, and has been recycled as a raw material, processed into molded products such as rods and piles. In particular, the Package Recycling Law will be enforced in 2000, and interest in recycling is increasing. In order to promote the reuse of such resources, plastic waste has been separated and collected in bulk. When there are many containers such as bottles, the average specific gravity of these discarded plastic articles is very small, about 0.03 to 0.07, even if they are crushed by a roller press to reduce the volume somewhat. there were.

In the transportation with the specific gravity as described above, not only the transportation efficiency is bad and the cost of the recycled product is adversely affected, but also the handling in the next process is difficult and the transportation by the conveyor or the like is difficult. Attempts were made to cut and transport in large quantities, but the amount of transport was slightly increased, and the bulk specific gravity (weight per volume including the void) was still small by cutting alone, and a significant improvement in transport efficiency was achieved. Can not. In addition, when cut, there is a possibility that the wind may scatter during transportation or storage, which is difficult to manage.

Therefore, a melting device called an agglomeration granulator was developed. The device rotates a plurality of horizontal blades at the bottom of a cylindrical container at high speed, puts plastic waste there, cuts it, and melts it by frictional heat. It was supplied to finally form a granular material.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-211144 Japanese Patent Publication No. 07-137034

However, waste sheet materials are often piled up outdoors and temporarily stored until they are processed. They are mixed with earth and sand, wet and wet by rain and snow, and metal crowns and staple nails. Some remain attached. These contaminants deteriorate the quality of the molded product and cause wear of equipment and devices, particularly the molding die and the perforated plate, and need to be removed. Further, the granulator as described above is a batch system and has a small processing capacity and a high running cost. Also, since plastic materials have different melting temperatures depending on the material, it is difficult to operate, and there is a problem that it is impossible to make a certain melt, or it becomes impossible to operate unless you know well about the operation method corresponding to plastic materials. there were.

The present invention has been proposed in view of the above, and in order to continuously form various waste sheet materials such as sheets, films, bags, bottles, etc. into granular materials having a large bulk specific gravity. It aims at providing the plant provided with the wind sorter which can sort out these with high precision .

In order to achieve the above-described object, the present invention includes a crusher for crushing various waste sheet materials in sheet form, film form, bag form, bottle form, and other than waste sheet materials such as earth and sand and metal caps from crushed materials. A foreign matter removing and sorting machine that removes the raw material as foreign matter, a dryer that dries the crushed material from which the foreign matter has been removed, and an average bulk specific gravity of 0.03 to 0.07 that is carried by wind power using a specific gravity difference . A wind power sorter that sorts into light and falling heavy objects, a cyclone separator that collects lightweight objects that are conveyed by wind power from the wind power sorter, and a light weight that is collected by the cyclone separator is compacted and bulked. In a plant that increases the bulk specific gravity of a waste sheet material composed of a compacting machine that obtains a molded article having a high specific gravity,
The wind sorter and the cyclone separator form a closed circuit through an air circulation path,
The wind power sorter has a plurality of stages of bent portions 223, and includes a duct 222 that rises in a zigzag shape, and a supply section that includes a rotary seal valve 214 that supplies the workpiece W from above the duct with a rotor that is quantitatively divided. And a connecting pipe 252 for supplying an air flow A1 flowing upward from the lower side of the duct 222, and a discharge pipe 256 for blowing out a lightweight object conveyed above the duct in the workpiece W by the air flow. A discharge portion including a rotary seal valve 226 at the lower end of the duct for taking out heavy objects falling in the duct in the air flow,
The cyclone separator has an outer cylinder 242 and an inner cylinder 244 at the upper part to which the discharge pipe 256 is connected to form a double cylinder structure, and a lightweight object swirling and falling between the inner and outer cylinders and the exhaust through the inner cylinder 244. A cyclone separator 240 for separating the air flow to be separated, and taking out a lightweight object swirling and dropping through the rotary valve 243 at the lower end,
The air circulation path includes a return pipe 254 that circulates an air flow A exhausted from the cyclone separator 240 below the duct 222 of the wind sorting means and the connection pipe 252.
The air circulation path further includes an opening degree adjusting valve 255 for diverting the air flow A from the return pipe 254, and a part of the air circulation path is supplied to the lower side of the duct 222 via the connection pipe 252 so that the air flow in the duct is A1 is formed, and a light weight is supplied from the wind sorting means to the cyclone separator 240, while the remaining part A2 is supplied to the upper part of the cyclone separator 250 through the diversion pipe 253, and merged with A1 and sucked. Provided is a plant for increasing the bulk specific gravity of waste sheet material, characterized in that the sorting weight of heavy and light weights in the wind power sorter is determined by the diversion ratio A1 / A2 of the air flow A by the opening adjustment valve 255. The crushed waste sheet material, which has been removed by the foreign matter removal and sorting machine and dried by the dryer, is sorted into light and heavy using the difference in specific gravity, and the lightweight is cycled. Collected by emissions separator, are sent to the compacting machine, it is granulated without resorting to melt.

That is, according to the present invention, since the material is granulated by compaction by a compacting machine (partial melting may occur due to compaction, mutual melting may occur) Is unified to some extent and is stably and continuously formed into a granular material having a high bulk specific gravity (for example, the bulk specific gravity is increased from about 0.03 to 0.07 to about 0.25 to 0.45). And processed in large quantities. The granular material can be easily transported by a conveyor or the like, can be reduced in storage space, and is used as an oily raw material or solid fuel. In addition, most of foreign matters such as earth and sand and metal can be removed to prevent wear of the equipment and to obtain a high quality granular material.

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Next, an embodiment of the plant for increasing the bulk specific gravity of the waste sheet material of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are flowcharts showing a work process of a plant for increasing the bulk specific gravity of a waste sheet material according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is an elevation view of a high-precision wind sorter used for wind sorting in the work process. FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a main part of a granulator used in the granulation step in the same operation step.

In the plant for increasing the bulk specific gravity of the waste sheet material of the present invention, when the waste sheet material is mostly plastic, it is reused as a raw material for plastics such as pellets, processed into molded products such as bars and piles, Increase the bulk specific gravity by creating a granular material that can be used for fueling or oiling, or if it is mixed with paper or plastic, it can be mixed with the cat excrement of pet waste. Is.

As an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a plant 1 is mainly described in which a waste sheet material granule is made as a pretreatment for liquefaction to increase the bulk specific gravity. Block-shaped waste such as plastic or paper, which is processed into various shapes with relatively thin wall thickness, such as sheet, film, bag, bottle, etc. The sheet material article W is supplied to the rotary press crusher 11 of the pulverizer via the lighter-equipped feeder 2A and pulverized to about 25 mm square or less. The pulverized material W <b> 1 is conveyed to the cyclone separator 14 by the wind force generated by the aerodynamic transport (hereinafter abbreviated as “air transport”) fan 13 through the pipe 12. The pulverized material W1 collected there is taken out through the rotary valve V1 at the lower end of the cyclone separator 14, and is supplied to the foreign matter removing and sorting machine 15 through the pre-drying quantitative feeder 2B and the screw conveyor 2C. The rotary press crusher 11 is provided with a rotating shaft with a spiral body that is rotationally driven in the opposite direction from the top to the bottom between the two shafts in a casing having a screen having a screen of about 25 mm square on the bottom. A large number of crushing blades are provided around the spiral body. The cyclone separator 14 is a standard product that is widely available on the market, and is connected to a dust collection unit U1 including a dust collector 2D and a dust collection fan 2E, and is sucked.

The foreign matter removing and sorting machine 15 is composed of a riser pipe 17 to which hot air passing through a steam heater 16 is sucked from the lower part and crushed material W1 is supplied from the upper part. Foreign matter Z such as nail is removed. The riser pipe 17 can also serve as a dryer, but is connected to a cyclone separator 20 via a further dryer 18 (which dries moisture to an average of about 5% by weight) and an air transport fan 19. Then, the crushed product W2 from which foreign matter has been removed and dried is collected by the cyclone separator 20 and taken out through the rotary valve V2 at the lower end. Then, it is supplied to the zigzag wind power sorter 21 through the screw feeder 2F. The cyclone separator 20 is exhausted through the deodorizing device U2.

The zigzag wind power sorter 21 sorts the lightweight material WL1 and the falling heavy material WH1 using the specific gravity difference by the wind force sucked from the lower part while solving the pulverized material W2 with the zigzag riser 21A. Suction is performed by an air transport fan 2H provided in a pipe line 2G connecting the upper end of the rising pipe 21A and the cyclone separator 22. The cyclone separator 22 collects a lightweight object WL1 that is carried by wind power. On the other hand, the heavy object WH1 is taken out from the rotary valve V3, and is transported to the vibrating screen 2J by the conveyor 2I, and the earth and sand S is separated again, and then supplied to the drum type magnetic separator 2K.

In the magnetic separator 2K using a rotating drum having magnetic force, the magnetic substance Fe such as iron is removed, and then the non-magnetic substance Al such as aluminum is removed in the aluminum separator 2L which removes the non-magnetic substance by repulsion in the rotating magnetic field. Is removed. The heavy object WH2 from which the earth and sand, the magnetic substance, and the non-magnetic substance are removed is supplied from the aluminum sorter 2L to the second zigzag wind power sorter 23 by the screw feeder 2P, and is sorted into the lightweight article WL2 and the heavy article WH3.

The suction here is performed by an air transport fan 2N provided in a pipe line 2M connecting the upper end of the rising pipe 23A and the cyclone separator 24. The separated earth and sand S, magnetic material Fe, non-magnetic material Al, and heavy material WH3 are collected by a conveyor 2O in a bunker 2P with a weighing machine, weighed, and then transported to a metal sorting factory by a truck 2Q. Thus, foreign matters such as earth and sand and metal are thoroughly removed to less than 0.01%.

The illustrated zigzag wind power sorters 21 and 23 use an air flow in an open circuit, but the wind power sorter shown in FIG. In this wind power sorter 200, a strip-like workpiece w in which different weights are mixed is introduced from a hopper 211, and passed upward via a rotary seal valve 214 having a rotor that is quantitatively divided by a screw feeder 212. The airtight rising duct 222 which sorts into the lightweight thing wl conveyed by the air flow A1 which flows in the inside and flows upward in the inside, and the heavy article wh to fall, and is provided at the lower end of the rising duct, Is provided at the lower end portion of the cyclone separator, and a heavy-weight take-out portion for taking out the heavy matter to the outside through the rotary seal valve 226, a cyclone separator 240 connected to the upper end portion of the rising duct by the inlet portion 241 Lightweight pick-up part that goes out through 243 and cyclone separator 40 is connected to the exhaust section via a return pipe 254. The blower 230 sucks the exhaust A and supplies the compressed air to the discharge branch pipe 251, the large discharge section 251A of the discharge branch pipe, and the lower end of the rising duct. A main connection pipe 252 that generates an air flow by pressure air, a small discharge section 251B of the discharge pipe, and an inlet section 241 of the cyclone separator to connect the divided air A2 to the inlet section 241. 253 and an opening adjustment valve 255 provided in the discharge branch pipe 251 for adjusting the opening degree with respect to the main connection pipe and the diversion pipe, and configured to circulate air during wind sorting. ing. The rising duct 222 is substantially vertical, has a plurality of bent portions 223, and has a supply portion 213 for the workpiece w above them. Therefore, it is possible to determine the sorting weight of the heavy object and the light object by the diversion ratio A1 / A2 of the air flow A by the opening degree adjusting valve 255.

The lightweight materials WL1 and WL2 taken out from the cyclone separators 22 and 24 through the rotary valves V4 and V4 are supplied to the pre-granulation quantitative feeder 2R together with the processed products WB and Wb described later, and then the conveyor 2S. The granule WG is continuously produced by the pellet granulator 25 (of course, the plastic material may partially melt for compaction due to compaction).

Even if the materials are unified due to compaction, the various materials of the plastic material are mixed, even if the paper is mixed, the specific gravity is stable and large (bulk specific gravity is, for example, It is formed into a granular material WG (increased from about 0.03 to 0.07 to about 0.25 to 0.45) and processed in a large amount. The granulator 25 is cleaned with the rice bran N and water M while it is stopped, and the granular material WG during normal operation and the recovery dredger N during the cleaning operation are operated normally by the switching damper 2T disposed next. The flow is controlled according to the cleaning operation.

As the granulator 25, there is a pellet mill 50 as shown in FIG. 4, which is supported rotatably in a horizontal state and is rotated in a ring 51 of a horizontal rotating cylinder as indicated by an arrow Y1, and is indicated by an arrow Y2. As shown, dry crushed light weights WL1 and WL2 are supplied. In the ring 51, the rolling wheels 52, 52 of the two pushing rollers pressed against the inner surface of the ring 51 are rolled in the direction of the arrow Y 3, and the mixture is collected in the rear space S in the rotation direction and compressed by the rolling wheel 52. The die forming the peripheral wall of the ring 51 is compressed and extruded from a large number of die holes 53 having a diameter of, for example, 5 mm.

When it is pushed out by about 5 to 7 mm, it is cut by a cutter blade 54 provided outside the ring 51 to obtain a granular material WG. A large number of grooves are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the rolling wheel 52 in order to prevent taking-in slip of the pulverized material and to facilitate taking-in. As the other granulator 25, a rubbing plate type granulator that moves like rolling a dumpling with a palm is also used.

The granular material WG is supplied to the cylindrical sieve 2V by the conveyor 2U in order to screen and sort the material WB broken when it is cut by the cutter blade 54. The granular material WG having good shape retention is sent to the cooler 2W and air-cooled. The cooling air CA is sucked by the fan 2X, and the suspended matter Wb is separated from the cooled air by the cyclone separator 2Y. The floating substance Wb is taken out from the rotary valve V5 and sent back to the pre-granulation quantitative supply machine 2R together with the collapsed substance WB and used again for granulation. Exhaust gas from the cyclone separators 22, 24, 2Y is sucked into the atmosphere by the dust collecting fan 2E via the dust collector 2D. Of course, it is cooled by cold air from a refrigerator or cooler instead of air cooling, or cooled by water cooling.

The granular material WG having good shape retention is supplied to the pre-hopper 3A by the conveyor 2Z after being cooled and temporarily stored. When the granular material WG is sent to the oil plant, it is supplied from the pre-hopper 3A to the silo 3D with agitation by the conveyor 3C via the hopper 3B with a weighing machine, and is sent from the table feeder 3E to the oil plant. When transported for other purposes, the granular material WG is supplied from the silo 3D with stirring to the flexible container bagging machine 4C which receives the supply of the flexible container 4B from the flexible container (flexible container) feeder 4A through the flexible container cutting screw 4D. Bagged and sent to the transport yard. In addition, the granular material WG having a large plastic content can be formed into a solid fuel by a solid fuel molding machine and burned in a boiler, a blast furnace, or a cement kiln.

As is clear from the above description, according to the high-precision wind sorter used in the plant for increasing the bulk specific gravity of the waste sheet material according to the present invention, the specific gravity difference is utilized with high accuracy by the air volume fractionation ratio. Because it is characterized by sorting into light and heavy objects that are carried by wind power, the waste sheet material crushed material that has been removed by the foreign material removal and dried by the dryer is compacted by a compacting machine. It is possible to selectively collect the lightweight materials WL1 and WL2 that can be granulated without relying on melting.

In other words, since the material is granulated by compaction by a compacting machine (partial melting may occur due to mutual compaction), even if various materials are mixed, the materials are unified to some extent. , Stably and continuously formed into a granular material having a high bulk specific gravity (for example, the bulk specific gravity is increased from about 0.03 to 0.07 to about 0.25 to 0.45) and processed in a large amount . The granular material can be easily transported by a conveyor or the like, can be reduced in storage space, and is used as an oily raw material or solid fuel. In addition, most of foreign matters such as earth and sand and metal can be removed to prevent wear of the equipment and to obtain a high quality granular material.

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It is a flowchart which shows the pre-process from crushing to drying in the work process of the plant which raises the bulk specific gravity of the waste sheet material which concerns on one Example of this invention. It is a flowchart figure which shows the post process after the wind selection after the pre process of FIG. It is an elevational view of a high-precision wind sorter used for wind sorting in the same work process. It is a schematic principal part perspective view of the granulator used at the granulation process in the work process.

1 Plant to increase bulk specific gravity of waste sheet material 2J Vibrating sieve machine 2K Magnetic separator 2L Aluminum sorter 11 Crusher (pulverizer)
12 Pipe line 13 Aerodynamic transport fan 14 Cyclone separator 15 Foreign matter removal sorter 16 Heater 17 Rising pipe 18 Dryer 19 Aerodynamic transport fan 20 Cyclone separator 21 Wind sorter 22 Cyclone separator 23 Second wind sorter 24 Second cyclone separator 25 Consolidation Forming machine 50 Pellet granulator (mill)
51 Horizontal rotating cylinder 52 Push-in roller 53 Die hole Al Non-magnetic material (aluminum)
Fe magnetic material (iron)
S Earth and sand W Waste sheet material W1 Crushed material (crushed material)
WL1 Light weight WL2 Slightly heavy crushing light weight WH1 Heavy weight WH2 Heavy weight Z Foreign matter

Claims (2)

A crusher that crushes various waste sheet materials in the form of sheets, films, bags, and bottles, and a foreign substance removal sorter that removes material other than waste sheet materials such as earth and sand and metal caps from the crushed material as foreign substances , wind sorting to sort the dryer for drying the crushed material removed of foreign matters, in a heavy falling lightweight having an average bulk specific gravity from 0.03 to 0.0 7 carried by the wind and utilizing the difference in specific gravity A cyclone separator that collects a lightweight object conveyed by wind power from the wind power sorter, and a compacting machine that compacts the lightweight object collected by the cyclone separator to obtain a molded article having a high bulk specific gravity In the plant that increases the bulk specific gravity of the waste sheet material composed of
The wind sorter and the cyclone separator form a closed circuit through an air circulation path,
The wind power sorter includes a plurality of bent portions 223, a supply section including a duct 222 that rises in a zigzag manner, and a rotary seal valve 214 that supplies the workpiece W from above the duct with a rotor that is quantitatively divided. And a connecting pipe 252 for supplying an air flow A1 flowing upward from the lower side of the duct 222, and a discharge pipe 256 for blowing out a lightweight object conveyed above the duct in the workpiece W by the air flow. A discharge portion including a rotary seal valve 226 at the lower end of the duct for taking out heavy objects falling in the duct in the air flow,
The cyclone separator has an outer cylinder 242 and an inner cylinder 244 at the upper part to which the discharge pipe 256 is connected to form a double cylinder structure, and a lightweight object swirling and falling between the inner and outer cylinders and the exhaust through the inner cylinder 244. A cyclone separator 240 for separating the air flow to be separated, and taking out a lightweight object swirling and dropping through the rotary valve 243 at the lower end,
The air circulation path includes a return pipe 254 that circulates the air flow A exhausted from the cyclone separator 240 below the duct 222 of the wind power sorting means and the connection pipe 252.
The air circulation path further includes an opening degree adjusting valve 255 for diverting the air flow A from the return pipe 254, and a part of the air circulation path is supplied to the lower side of the duct 222 via the connection pipe 252. A1 is formed, and a light weight is supplied from the wind power sorting means to the cyclone separator 240, while the remaining portion A2 is supplied to the upper part of the cyclone separator 250 through the diversion pipe 253, and merged with A1 to be sucked. A plant for increasing the bulk specific gravity of waste sheet material, characterized in that the sorting weight of the heavy and light weights in the sorting machine is determined by the diversion ratio A1 / A2 of the air flow A by the opening control valve 255. The average bulk specific gravity from 0.03 to 0.0 7 above waste sheet material, 2 5 mm square is less grinding, finally claim 1 which is molded into granules of average bulk specific gravity 0.25 to 0.4 5 Plant.

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