JP4026973B2 - Plant to increase bulk specific gravity of waste sheet material - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention is a relatively thin wall thickness such as sheet waste, film waste, bag waste, bottle waste, etc. that is discarded as general waste such as household waste, as factory waste from factories, supermarkets, department stores, companies, etc. It is related with the plant which raises the bulk specific gravity of the waste sheet material comprised so that a granular material with high bulk specific gravity may be shape | molded from the various waste sheet materials processed into various shapes.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, waste plastic articles that have been processed into various shapes with relatively thin wall thickness, such as foamed polystyrene and sheet-like, film-like, bag-like, bottle-like, etc. that are discarded as general waste and business-use waste, are plastic. It has been used as a raw material for recycled solid fuel and recycled oil, and has been recycled as a raw material, processed into molded products such as rods and piles. In particular, the Package Recycling Law will be enforced in 2000, and interest in recycling is increasing. In order to promote the reuse of such resources, plastic waste has been separated and collected in bulk. When there are many containers such as bottles, the average specific gravity of these discarded plastic articles is very small, about 0.03 to 0.07, even if they are crushed by a roller press to reduce the volume somewhat. there were.
[0003]
In the transportation with the specific gravity as described above, not only the transportation efficiency is bad and the cost of the recycled product is adversely affected, but also the handling in the next process is difficult and the transportation by the conveyor or the like is difficult. Attempts were made to cut and transport in large quantities, but the amount of transport was slightly increased, and the bulk specific gravity (weight per volume including the void) was still small by cutting alone, and a significant improvement in transport efficiency was achieved. Can not. In addition, when cut, there was a risk that the wind would scatter during transportation or storage, which was difficult to manage.
[0004]
Therefore, a melting device called an agglomeration granulator was developed. The device rotates a plurality of horizontal blades at the bottom of a cylindrical container at high speed, puts plastic waste there, cuts it, and melts it by frictional heat. It was supplied to finally form a granular material.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, waste sheet materials are often piled up outdoors and temporarily stored until they are processed. They are mixed with earth and sand, wet and wet by rain and snow, and metal crowns and staple nails. Some remain attached. These contaminants deteriorate the quality of the molded product and cause wear of equipment and devices, particularly the molding die and the perforated plate, and need to be removed. Further, the granulator as described above is a batch system and has a small processing capacity and a high running cost. Also, since plastic materials have different melting temperatures depending on the material, it is difficult to operate, and there is a problem that it is impossible to make a certain melt, or it becomes impossible to operate unless you know well about the operation method corresponding to plastic materials. there were.
[0006]
The present invention has been proposed in view of the above, and in order to continuously form various waste sheet materials such as sheets, films, bags, bottles, etc. into granular materials having a large bulk specific gravity. It can be processed in large quantities, even if it starts wet with wet or wet metal crowns or staple nails, or even when dirt is mixed in, it is removed during the process and reused Depending on the material, it is possible to granulate with stable quality for each material or several types, to increase the bulk specific gravity of the waste sheet material that can continuously produce granular materials that can be easily transported by a conveyor, etc. The purpose is to provide a plant.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the plant for increasing the bulk specific gravity of the waste sheet material according to claim 1 of the present invention is a sheet-like, film-like, bag-like or bottle-like, with a relatively thin thickness and various shapes. A crusher that crushes various processed waste sheet materials with a difference in specific gravity, a foreign material removal sorter that removes material other than waste sheet materials such as earth and sand and metal caps from the crushed material, and foreign materials removed A dryer that dries the crushed material, a wind power sorter that sorts into light weight that is transported by wind and falling heavy using the specific gravity difference, and collects light weight that is transported by wind from the wind power sorter. A cyclone separator, and a compacting machine that obtains a molded article having a high bulk specific gravity by compacting a lightweight material collected by the cyclone separator. The crushed waste sheet material that has been removed and dried by the dryer is sorted into light and heavy by a wind separator using the difference in specific gravity, and the lightweight is collected by a cyclone separator and put into a compacting machine. Sent and granulated without resorting to melting. In particular, the foreign matter removing and sorting machine is composed of a riser pipe in which warm air is drawn from below through the heater and the crushed material is supplied from above, and the foreign matter is removed from the lower end of the riser pipe, The riser pipe is connected to the cyclone separator at the upper end via the dryer and an aerodynamic transport fan, and is configured to collect light weight dried by the cyclone separator, and is heated via a heater. By using the warm air for wind sorting, the crushed material can be transported upward while being dried, and at the same time, heavy objects such as earth and sand and metal can be dropped from the riser and sorted. Can be obtained at the same time.
[0008]
Since the material is granulated by compaction by a compacting machine (partial melting may occur due to mutual compaction), even if various materials remain mixed, the materials are somewhat unified. Is formed into a granular material that is stable and continuously high in bulk specific gravity (for example, the bulk specific gravity is increased from about 0.03 to 0.07 to about 0.25 to 0.45) and processed in a large amount. . The granular material can be easily transported by a conveyor or the like, can be reduced in storage space, and is used as an oily raw material or solid fuel. In addition, most of foreign matters such as earth and sand and metal can be removed to prevent wear of the equipment and to obtain a high quality granular material.
[0009]
As described in claim 2, in the plant for increasing the bulk specific gravity of the waste sheet material according to claim 1, earth, sand, iron, and aluminum are removed from the heavy object by a vibration sieve, a magnetic separator, and an aluminum separator. Is sent to the second wind power sorter, where the lighter wind is stronger than the wind power of the first wind power sorter and is slightly heavier than the light weight, and the light weight is slightly heavier than the light weight. It is configured to be transported from the two wind sorters to the second cyclone separator and collected there, so that the heavy load is further sorted by the wind stronger than the wind force of the first wind sorter, and the second cyclone separator By collecting crushed light weights that are slightly heavier than the light weights sorted by the first wind power sorter, it can be sent to the granulator, and the amount discarded can be reduced and the amount recycled can be increased.
[0010]
Wind as claimed in claim 3, wherein, in the plant to increase the bulk density of the waste sheet material according to claim 1, wherein the crusher is composed of a rotary press crusher, crushed is generated by aerodynamic transport fan Sheet material pieces that are conveyed to a cyclone separator via a pipe line and collected there, and the collected lightweight materials are conveyed to the foreign matter removing and sorting machine, and are continuously crushed by a rotary press crusher . Even if they are separated from each other, they are aerodynamically transported to the cyclone separator while preventing rain and foreign matter from being mixed continuously and easily through a pipe line, and then transported to a foreign matter removing and sorting machine after collection.
[0012]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the plant for increasing the bulk specific gravity of the waste sheet material according to the first aspect, the compacting machine includes a horizontal rotating cylindrical body having a large number of die holes in the peripheral wall, and an inner surface of the peripheral wall in the inside thereof. It can be a pellet granulator composed of a pushing roller that rolls along, and even if various materials are mixed or even if the materials are unified, they are pushed out from a large number of die holes to the peripheral wall by the pushing rollers. It is possible to granulate stably and continuously to increase the bulk specific gravity.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, an embodiment of the plant for increasing the bulk specific gravity of the waste sheet material of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are flowcharts showing a work process of a plant for increasing the bulk specific gravity of a waste sheet material according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is an elevation view of a high-precision wind sorter used for wind sorting in the work process. FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a main part of a granulator used in the granulation step in the same operation step.
[0014]
In the plant for increasing the bulk specific gravity of the waste sheet material of the present invention, when the waste sheet material is mostly plastic, it is reused as a raw material for plastics such as pellets, processed into molded products such as bars and piles, Increase the bulk specific gravity by creating a granular material that can be used for fueling or oiling, or if it is mixed with paper or plastic, it can be mixed with the cat excrement of pet waste. Is.
[0015]
As an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a plant 1 is mainly described in which a waste sheet material granule is made as a pretreatment for liquefaction to increase the bulk specific gravity. Block-shaped waste such as plastic or paper, which is processed into various shapes with relatively thin wall thickness, such as sheet, film, bag, bottle, etc. The sheet material article W is supplied to the rotary press crusher 11 of the pulverizer via the lighter-equipped feeder 2A and pulverized to about 25 mm square or less. The pulverized material W <b> 1 is conveyed to the cyclone separator 14 by the wind force generated by the aerodynamic transport (hereinafter abbreviated as “air transport”) fan 13 through the pipe 12. The pulverized material W1 collected there is taken out through the rotary valve V1 at the lower end of the cyclone separator 14, and is supplied to the foreign matter removing and sorting machine 15 through the pre-drying quantitative feeder 2B and the screw conveyor 2C. The rotary press crusher 11 is provided with a rotating shaft with a spiral body that is rotationally driven in the opposite direction from the top to the bottom between the two shafts in a casing having a screen having a screen of about 25 mm square on the bottom. A large number of crushing blades are provided around the spiral body. The cyclone separator 14 is a standard product that is widely available on the market, and is connected to a dust collection unit U1 including a dust collector 2D and a dust collection fan 2E, and is sucked.
[0016]
The foreign matter removing and sorting machine 15 is composed of a riser pipe 17 to which hot air passing through a steam heater 16 is sucked from the lower part and crushed material W1 is supplied from the upper part. Foreign matter Z such as nail is removed. The riser pipe 17 can also serve as a dryer, but is connected to a cyclone separator 20 via a further dryer 18 (which dries moisture to an average of about 5% by weight) and an air transport fan 19. Then, the crushed product W2 from which foreign matter has been removed and dried is collected by the cyclone separator 20 and taken out through the rotary valve V2 at the lower end. Then, it is supplied to the zigzag wind power sorter 21 through the screw feeder 2F. The cyclone separator 20 is exhausted through the deodorizing device U2.
[0017]
The zigzag wind power sorter 21 sorts the lightweight material WL1 and the falling heavy material WH1 using the specific gravity difference by the wind force sucked from the lower part while solving the pulverized material W2 with the zigzag riser 21A. Suction is performed by an air transport fan 2H provided in a pipe line 2G connecting the upper end of the rising pipe 21A and the cyclone separator 22. The cyclone separator 22 collects a lightweight object WL1 that is carried by wind power. On the other hand, the heavy object WH1 is taken out from the rotary valve V3, and is transported to the vibrating screen 2J by the conveyor 2I, and the earth and sand S is separated again, and then supplied to the drum type magnetic separator 2K.
[0018]
In the magnetic separator 2K using a rotating drum having magnetic force, the magnetic substance Fe such as iron is removed, and then the non-magnetic substance Al such as aluminum is removed in the aluminum separator 2L which removes the non-magnetic substance by repulsion in the rotating magnetic field. Is removed. The heavy object WH2 from which the earth and sand, the magnetic substance, and the non-magnetic substance are removed is supplied from the aluminum sorter 2L to the second zigzag wind power sorter 23 by the screw feeder 2P, and is sorted into the lightweight article WL2 and the heavy article WH3.
[0019]
The suction here is performed by an air transport fan 2N provided in a pipe line 2M connecting the upper end of the rising pipe 23A and the cyclone separator 24. The separated earth and sand S, magnetic material Fe, non-magnetic material Al, and heavy material WH3 are collected by a conveyor 2O in a bunker 2P with a weighing machine, weighed, and then transported to a metal sorting factory by a truck 2Q. Thus, foreign matters such as earth and sand and metal are thoroughly removed to less than 0.01%.
[0020]
The illustrated zigzag wind power sorters 21 and 23 use an air flow in an open circuit, but the wind power sorter shown in FIG. In this wind power sorter 200, a strip-like workpiece w in which different weights are mixed is introduced from a hopper 211 and supplied from above via a rotary seal valve 214 by a screw feeder 212. An airtight rising duct 222 that sorts into a lightweight object wl transported by an air flow A1 flowing toward and a falling heavy object wh, and a lower end portion of the rising duct, the heavy object passes through a rotary seal valve 226. A heavy-weight take-out portion to be brought out to the outside, a cyclone separator 240 connected to the upper end portion of the rising duct by an inlet portion 241, and a light-weight portion to be brought out through the rotary seal valve 243 to the outside through the rotary seal valve 243 Return pipe 254 to the object take-out part and the exhaust part of the cyclone separator 240 The blower 230 that sucks the exhaust A and supplies the compressed air to the discharge branch pipe 251 is connected to the large discharge part 251A of the discharge branch pipe and the lower end of the rising duct to generate an air flow by the pressure air. The main connection pipe 252 that is generated, the small discharge section 251B of the discharge pipe, and the inlet section 241 of the cyclone separator are connected to each other, and the branch pipe 253 that sends the divided air A2 to the inlet section 241; It is provided with an opening degree adjusting valve 255 that adjusts the opening degree with respect to the main connecting pipe and the diversion pipe, and is configured to circulate air during wind power sorting. The rising duct 222 is substantially vertical, has a plurality of bent portions 223, and has a supply portion 213 for the workpiece w above them.
[0021]
The lightweight materials WL1 and WL2 taken out from the cyclone separators 22 and 24 through the rotary valves V4 and V4 are supplied to the pre-granulation quantitative feeder 2R together with the processed products WB and Wb described later, and then the conveyor 2S. The granule WG is continuously produced by the pellet granulator 25 (of course, the plastic material may partially melt for compaction due to compaction).
[0022]
Even if the materials are unified due to compaction, the various materials of the plastic material are mixed, even if the paper is mixed, the specific gravity is stable and large (bulk specific gravity is, for example, It is formed into a granular material WG (increased from about 0.03 to 0.07 to about 0.25 to 0.45) and processed in a large amount. The granulator 25 is cleaned with the rice bran N and water M while it is stopped, and the granular material WG during normal operation and the recovery dredger N during the cleaning operation are operated normally by the switching damper 2T disposed next. The flow is controlled according to the cleaning operation.
[0023]
As the granulator 25, there is a pellet mill 50 as shown in FIG. 4, which is supported rotatably in a horizontal state and is rotated in a ring 51 of a horizontal rotating cylinder as indicated by an arrow Y1, and is indicated by an arrow Y2. As shown, dry crushed light weights WL1 and WL2 are supplied. In the ring 51, the rolling wheels 52, 52 of the two pushing rollers pressed against the inner surface of the ring 51 are rolled in the direction of the arrow Y 3, and the mixture is collected in the rear space S in the rotation direction and compressed by the rolling wheel 52. The die forming the peripheral wall of the ring 51 is compressed and extruded from a large number of die holes 53 having a diameter of 5 mm, for example.
[0024]
When it is pushed out by about 5 to 7 mm, it is cut by a cutter blade 54 provided outside the ring 51 to obtain a granular material WG. A large number of grooves are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the rolling wheel 52 in order to prevent taking-in slip of the pulverized material and to facilitate taking-in. As the other granulator 25, a rubbing plate type granulator that moves like rolling a dumpling with a palm is also used.
[0025]
The granular material WG is supplied to the cylindrical sieve 2V by the conveyor 2U in order to screen and sort the material WB broken when it is cut by the cutter blade 54. The granular material WG having good shape retention is sent to the cooler 2W and air-cooled. The cooling air CA is sucked by the fan 2X, and the suspended matter Wb is separated from the cooled air by the cyclone separator 2Y. The floating substance Wb is taken out from the rotary valve V5 and sent back to the pre-granulation quantitative supply machine 2R together with the collapsed substance WB and used again for granulation. Exhaust gas from the cyclone separators 22, 24, 2Y is sucked into the atmosphere by the dust collecting fan 2E via the dust collector 2D. Of course, it is cooled by cold air from a refrigerator or cooler instead of air cooling, or cooled by water cooling.
[0026]
The granular material WG having good shape retention is supplied to the pre-hopper 3A by the conveyor 2Z after being cooled and temporarily stored. When the granular material WG is sent to the oil plant, it is supplied from the pre-hopper 3A to the silo 3D with agitation by the conveyor 3C via the hopper 3B with a weighing machine, and is sent from the table feeder 3E to the oil plant. When transported for other purposes, the granular material WG is supplied from the silo 3D with stirring to the flexible container bagging machine 4C which receives the supply of the flexible container 4B from the flexible container (flexible container) feeder 4A through the flexible container cutting screw 4D. Bagged and sent to the transport yard. In addition, the granular material WG having a large plastic content can be formed into a solid fuel by a solid fuel molding machine and burned in a boiler, a blast furnace, or a cement kiln.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above description, according to the plant for increasing the bulk specific gravity of the waste sheet material according to claim 1 of the present invention, the sheet thickness, the film shape, the bag shape, the bottle shape, etc. are relatively thin. A crusher that crushes various waste sheet materials with different specific gravity processed into various shapes, a foreign material removal and sorting machine that removes material other than waste sheet materials such as earth and sand and metal caps from the crushed material, A dryer that dries the removed crushed material, a wind power sorter that sorts into a lightweight material that is transported by wind power using a specific gravity difference and a heavy material that falls, and a light weight that is transported by wind power from the wind power sorter Because it is composed of a cyclone separator that collects materials and a compacting machine that compacts the lightweight materials collected by the cyclone separator to obtain a molded product having a high bulk specific gravity, it removes foreign matter. Sorting machine Therefore, the crushed material of the waste sheet material, from which foreign matter has been removed and dried by the dryer, is sorted into light and heavy materials by a wind separator using the specific gravity difference, and the light materials are collected by a cyclone separator and consolidated. It is sent to a molding machine and granulated without resorting to melting.
[0028]
Since the material is granulated by compaction by a compacting machine (partial melting may occur due to mutual compaction), even if various materials remain mixed, the materials are somewhat unified. Is formed into a granular material that is stable and continuously high in bulk specific gravity (for example, the bulk specific gravity is increased from about 0.03 to 0.07 to about 0.25 to 0.45) and processed in a large amount. . The granular material can be easily transported by a conveyor or the like, can be reduced in storage space, and is used as an oily raw material or solid fuel. In addition, most of foreign matters such as earth and sand and metal can be removed to prevent wear of the equipment and to obtain a high quality granular material.
[0029]
According to the plant according to claim 2, in the plant for increasing the bulk specific gravity of the waste sheet material according to claim 1, the heavy material is removed from earth, sand, iron and aluminum by a vibration sieve, a magnetic separator and an aluminum sorter. And then sent to the second wind power sorter, where the lighter wind is stronger than the wind power of the first wind power sorter and is slightly heavier than the light weight. The second wind sorter is configured to be transported by wind to the second cyclone separator and collected there, so that the heavy object is further wind sorted by wind stronger than the wind of the first wind sorter, By collecting even lighter crushed lighter material than the lighter material sorted by the first wind sorter by the cyclone separator, it can be sent to the granulator, reducing the amount discarded and increasing the amount of recycle. That.
[0030]
According to the plant of claim 3, in the plant for increasing the bulk specific gravity of the waste sheet material according to claim 1, the crusher is composed of a crusher such as a rotary press crusher, Because the material is transported to the cyclone separator via the pipeline by wind generated by the aerodynamic transport fan, and the collected pulverized material is transported to the foreign matter removing and sorting machine. Sheet material pieces continuously pulverized by a pulverizer such as a rotary press crusher are aerodynamically transported to a cyclone separator simply and continuously through a pipeline to prevent rain and foreign matter from mixing even if they are separated. Then, after collection, it is transported to a foreign matter removing and sorting machine.
[0031]
According to the plant of claim 4, in the plant for increasing the bulk specific gravity of the waste sheet material according to claim 1, the foreign matter removing and sorting machine draws in warm air via a heater from the lower portion and removes the crushed material from the upper portion. The riser is supplied, the foreign matter is removed from the lower end of the riser, the riser is connected to the cyclone separator at the upper end via the dryer and an aerodynamic transport fan, Since the crushed material dried by the cyclone separator is configured to be collected, the warm air heated via the heater is used for wind power sorting, and the crushed material is conveyed upward while being dried. Heavy objects such as earth and sand and metal can be sorted by dropping from the riser, and both drying and sorting functions can be obtained simultaneously.
[0032]
According to the plant of claim 5, in the plant for increasing the bulk specific gravity of the waste sheet material according to claim 1, the compacting machine includes a horizontal rotating cylindrical body having a large number of die holes in the peripheral wall, and an inside thereof. Because it is a pellet granulator composed of an indentation roller that rolls along the inner surface of the peripheral wall, even if various materials remain mixed, even if the materials are unified, the indentation roller pushes the peripheral wall from many die holes. Thus, the bulk specific gravity can be increased by stable and continuous granulation.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a pre-process from crushing to drying in an operation process of a plant for increasing the bulk specific gravity of a waste sheet material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a post-process after wind sorting after the pre-process of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an elevation view of a high-precision wind sorter used for wind sorting in the same work process.
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a main part of a granulator used in a granulation step in the same operation step.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Plant to increase bulk specific gravity of waste sheet material 2J Vibrating sieve machine 2K Magnetic separator 2L Aluminum sorter 11 Crusher (pulverizer)
12 pipeline 13 aerodynamic transport fan 14 cyclone separator 15 foreign matter removing and sorting machine 16 heater 17 rising pipe 18 dryer 19 aerodynamic transport fan 20 cyclone separator 21 wind separator 22 cyclone separator 23 second wind separator 24 second cyclone separator 25 compaction Forming machine 50 Pellet granulator (mill)
51 Horizontal rotating cylinder 52 Push-in roller 53 Die hole Al Non-magnetic material (aluminum)
Fe magnetic material (iron)
S Earth and sand W Waste sheet material W1 Crushed material (crushed material)
WL1 Light weight WL2 Slightly heavy crushing light weight WH1 Heavy weight WH2 Heavy weight Z Foreign matter

Claims (4)

Sheet, film, bag-shaped, bottle-shaped, the seeds and crusher disposal to crush the sheet material, the foreign matter removing sorting machine for removing material of the non-waste sheet material such as sand or metal cap from the crushed material as a foreign body A dryer that dries the crushed material from which foreign matter has been removed, a wind power sorter that sorts into a light weight material that is carried by wind using a specific gravity difference and a heavy material that falls, and is transported by wind power from the wind power sorter A foreign material removing and sorting machine comprising: a cyclone separator that collects a lightweight article that has been collected; and a compacting machine that compacts the lightweight article collected by the cyclone separator to obtain a molded article having a high bulk specific gravity. Consists of a riser pipe that draws warm air from the lower part through a heater and supplies the crushed material from the upper part, the foreign matter is removed from the lower end of the riser pipe, and the riser pipe is Be connected to a cyclone separator at the end through the above dryers and aerodynamic transport fan, increase the bulk density of the waste sheet material, characterized in that the light-weight material which was dried by the cyclone separators are collected plant.   The heavy material is sent to the second wind power sorter after the earth, iron, and aluminum are removed by the vibration sieve, the magnetic separator, and the aluminum sorter, where the wind force is stronger than the wind force of the first wind sorter. The crushed light weight material slightly heavier than the light weight material is sorted by wind force, and the slightly crushed light weight material is conveyed from the second wind power sorter to the second cyclone separator by wind force and collected there. plant. The crusher is composed of a rotary press crusher, and the crushed material is conveyed to a cyclone separator via a pipeline by wind generated by an aerodynamic transport fan, and the collected lightweight material is The plant according to claim 1, which is conveyed to a sorter. The said compacting machine is a pellet granulator comprised from the horizontal rotation cylinder which has many die holes in the surrounding wall, and the pushing roller which rolls along a surrounding wall inner surface in the inside. plant.

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