Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/22—Anxiolytics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/24—Antidepressants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D261/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,2-oxazole rings
  • C07D261/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,2-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D261/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,2-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D261/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,2-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D261/12—Oxygen atoms

Definitions

• the present invention relates to new 2-aminocarbonyl-5 (2H) isoxazolones as selective ligands of a high affinity binding site of diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) on brain membranes for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases of the central nervous system, in particular cognitive disorders, depression, schizophrenia and Anxiety.
• DFP diisopropyl fluorophosphate
• DFP diisopropyl fluorophosphate
• Cholinesterase inhibitors that differ structurally from phosphoric acid esters, e.g. Tacrine, or physostigmine, show no improvement in cognitive performance in this animal model.
• the discrepancy between cognitively stimulating dosages on the one hand and acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting dosages on the other hand indicates the involvement of a second mechanism of action, which is more sensitive to DFP than cholinesterase.
• a high affinity binding site in the chicken spinal cord was identified for DFP (Biochem. Pharmacol. 1994, 48, 2073-2079), which differs from the catalytically active centers of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase.
• the function of the new, high-affinity binding site for DFP is not yet known.
• the high affinity binding site for DFP is not a previously known molecular target of DFP.
• the competition profile of the binding site does not match that of acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, neuropathy target esterase, prolylendopeptidase and dipeptidyl peptidase II.
• selective ligands for 84 known neurotransmitter receptors, enzymes and ion channels of the mammalian brain were tested for competition of [ 3 H] DFP in vitro. None of the compounds showed affinity, even at very high, already physiologically irrelevant concentrations.
• Cerebral tissue preparations from mammals preferably from rats, calves or humans, are therefore suitable for locating ligands of the high-affinity DFP binding site.
• the high-affinity DFP binding site is obtained from conventional mammalian cerebral tissue, preferably by homogenizing and centrifuging the tissue and resuspending the precipitate.
• the ligand usually becomes this in different concentrations
• DFP is added and the mixture is incubated.
• the DFP is usually labeled, preferably radioactively labeled.
• DFP is added in concentrations of less than 50 nM, preferably in a concentration of 0.1-20 nM, very particularly preferably 5-15 nM.
• Ligands are usually understood to mean modulators, i.e. Substances that affect the activity of the binding site.
• the modulators can act agonistically or antagonistically on the binding site.
• the properties of the new, high-affinity binding site for DFP explain the above-mentioned learning and memory-enhancing effects of DFP. Therefore, substances that influence this binding site, such as DFP, should also have the cognitive-enhancing effect of DFP. Such substances are therefore suitable both for the therapeutic and for the preventive treatment of cognitive disorders in general, in particular dementias of the Alzheimer type.
• the present invention relates to compounds of the general formula (I) in which
• R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and
• (C 3 -C 8 ) cycloalkyl which is optionally interrupted by an oxygen or sulfur atom or by a radical NR 8 and which is optionally selected one or more times by radicals from the group (C, -C 4 ) alkoxy , (C r C 3 ) -perfluoroalkoxy, halogen or NR 9 R '° is substituted,
• R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 are the same or different and are independently hydrogen, (C, -C) alkyl, (C, -C) acyl, (C, -C 4 ) - Alkoxy-carbonyl, carbamoyl, mono- or di- (C, -C 4 ) -alkylamino-carbonyl, and
• n 0, 1, 2 or 3
• R 1 represents hydrogen, aryl-S (O) n , (C, -C 4 ) alkoxy, aryl-O or halogen and R 2 has the meaning given above, and
• n 0, 1 or 2
• R 'and R 2 together with the adjacent carbon atoms form a 5-10-membered, monounsaturated carbocycle which is optionally interrupted by an oxygen or sulfur atom or by a radical NR "and which is optionally selected one or more times by radicals from the Group (C, -C 4 ) alkoxy, (C, -C 3 ) perfluoroalkoxy, halogen or NR 12 R 13 is substituted,
• R ", R 12 and R 13 are identical or different and independently of one another have the meaning given for R 5 ,
• R 3 and R 4 are the same or different and independent of each other
• Sulfur atom or is interrupted by a residue NR 17 and that optionally substituted one or more times by radicals selected from the group (C, -C 4 ) alkoxy, halogen or NR 18 R 19 ,
• R ' 4 , R' ⁇ R ' 6 , R 17 , R' S and R ' 9 are identical or different and independently of one another have the meaning given for R 3 , and
• p 0 or 1
• R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom form a saturated or partially unsaturated 3-10-membered, mono- or bicyclic heterocycle, which optionally contains up to two further heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, and optionally by residues selected from the group (C, -C 4 ) -alkyl, (C, -C) -alkoxy, hydroxy, halogen, COOR 20 , aryl-Y, or NR I R 22 is substituted,
• R 20 denotes hydrogen or (C, -C 4 ) alkyl
• Y represents a bond, CH 2 , CO or CHOH
• R 21 and R 22 are the same or different and independently of one another have the meaning given for R 3 ,
• Physiologically acceptable salts of the compounds according to the invention can be salts of the substances according to the invention with mineral acids, carboxylic acids or sulfonic acids.
• Salts with hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, naphthalenedisulfonic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid or benzoic acid.
• the compounds according to the invention can exist in stereoisomeric forms which either behave like image and mirror image (enantiomers) or do not behave like image and mirror image (diastereomers).
• the invention relates to both the enantiomers or diastereomers or their respective mixtures.
• the racemic shapes can be just like that
• -C 6 ) -alkyl or (C r C 4 ) -alkyl stand for a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical with 1 to 8 or 1 to 6 or 1 to 4
• Carbon atoms examples include: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl and n-hexyl.
• a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (C, -C) is preferred.
• a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 3 carbon atoms (C ] -C 3 ) is particularly preferred.
• (C, -C ft ) alkoxy stands for a straight-chain or branched alkoxy radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
• Examples include: methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, tert-butoxy, n-pentoxy and n-hexoxy.
• a straight-chain or branched alkoxy radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (C, -C 4 ) is preferred.
• a straight-chain or branched alkoxy radical having 1 to 3 carbon atoms (C r C 3 ) is particularly preferred.
• aryl stands for an aromatic or heteroaromatic radical having 5 to 6 ring atoms. Examples include phenyl, fur-2-yl, fur-3-yl, thien-2-yl, thien-3-yl, pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid-4-yl, pyrimidin-2 -yl, pyrimidine-4-yl. Phenyl is preferred.
• the radicals can in turn be substituted one or more times with halogen atoms, preferably chlorine or fluorine.
• (C, -C 8 ) cycloalkyl, (C 3 -C 6 ) cycloalkyl etc. stand for cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl or cyclooctyl.
• cyclopropyl cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
• Halogen in the context of the invention generally represents fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. Fluorine, chlorine and bromine are preferred. Fluorine and chlorine are particularly preferred.
• (C, -C 4 ) -acyl represents a straight-chain or branched acyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples include: formyl, acetyl, propionyl, n-butyryl, iso-butyryl.
• (C ! -C 6 ) alkoxycarbonyl represents a straight-chain or branched alkoxycarbonyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples include: methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, n-propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl and tert-butoxycarbonyl.
• a straight-chain or branched alkoxycarbonyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (C, -C 4 ) is preferred.
• a straight-chain or branched alkoxycarbonyl radical having 1 to 3 carbon atoms (C, -C 3 ) is particularly preferred.
• the 5-10-membered, monounsaturated carbocycle stands for cyclopentene-1,2-diyl, cyclohexene-1,2-diyl, cycloheptene-1,2-diyl, cyclooctene-1,2-diyl, cyclonone 1,2-diyl or cyclodecene-1,2-diyl. Cyclohexene-1,2-diyl, cycloheptene-1,2-diyl and cyclooctene-1,2-diyl are preferred. Individual ring atoms can be replaced by an oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom. Examples include: 3-pyrroline-3,4-diyl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3,4-diyl, 5,6-dihydro- (2H) -pyran-3,4-diyl.
• heterocycle stands for a monocyclic or bicyclic ring with 3 to 10 ring atoms, which is bonded to the adjacent carbonyl / thiocarbonyl group via a nitrogen atom and contains up to two further heteroatoms and optionally one or more double or triple bonds.
• the two rings can be linked spirocyclically, or the bridgehead atoms of the two rings are directly adjacent or separated by one or more ring atoms.
• Examples include aziridin-1-yl, azetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, pyrrolin-1-yl, piperidin-1-yl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-1-yl, morpholin-4 -yl, thiomorpholin-4-yl, hexahydroazepin-1-yl, 2,3-dihydro- (lH) -indol-l-yl, octahydroindol-1-yl, 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octan-8-yl ,
• R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and
• Sulfur atom is interrupted and if necessary one or more times is substituted by radicals selected from the group consisting of methoxy, ethoxy or fluorine,
• n 0, 1 or 2
• R 1 represents hydrogen, aryl-S, aryl-O, fluorine or chlorine and R 2 has the meaning given above,
• R 1 and R 2 together with the adjacent carbon atoms form a 5-8-membered, monounsaturated carbocycle which is optionally interrupted by an oxygen or sulfur atom and which is optionally selected one or more times by radicals selected from the group consisting of methoxy, ethoxy or fluorine is substituted,
• R 3 and R 4 are the same or different and independent of each other
• R 14 , R ' 5 , R' 6 , R 17 , R 1S and R 19 are identical or different and are hydrogen, (C, -C 3 ) -alkyl, acetyl, propionyl, methoxycarbonyl or ethoxycarbonyl, and
• p 0 or 1
• R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom form a saturated or partially unsaturated 4-9-membered, mono- or bicyclic heterocycle which optionally contains up to two further heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, and if appropriate by radicals selected from the group methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, hydroxy, fluorine, COOR 20 , aryl-Y, or NR 21 R 22 ,
• R 20 represents hydrogen, methyl or ethyl
• Y represents a bond, CH 2 or CHOH
• R 2 'and R 22 are identical or different and independently of one another are hydrogen, (C, -C 3 ) -alkyl, acetyl, propionyl, methoxycarbonyl or ethoxycarbonyl,
• X represents oxygen or sulfur
• R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and
• R 1 represents hydrogen, phenyl-S or phenyl-O and R 2 has the meaning given above, or
• R 1 and R 2 together with the adjacent carbon atoms form a 5-9-membered, monounsaturated carbocycle which is optionally substituted one or more times by fluorine,
• R 3 and R 4 are the same or different and independent of each other
• p 0 or 1
• R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom form a saturated or partially unsaturated 4-9-membered, mono- or bicyclic heterocycle which optionally contains up to two further heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, and if appropriate by radicals selected from the group methyl, hydroxy, fluorine, COOR 20 , phenyl-Y, or NR 21 R 22 is substituted,
• R 2U means methyl
• Y represents a bond or CHOH
• R 21 and R 22 are the same or different and are hydrogen or methyl
• R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and
• R 3 and R 4 are the same or different and independently of one another represent methyl or ethyl
• R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom form an azetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl or pyrrolin-1 -yl radical, and
• R 1 and R 2 have the meaning given in claim 1, and R 23 represents (C, -C 4 ) -alkyl which is optionally substituted by fluorine,
• R 1 , R 2 and R 23 have the meaning given above,
• R 1 and R 2 have the meaning given above
• X represents oxygen or sulfur
• q means 1, 2 or 3
• Customary organic solvents which do not change under the reaction conditions are suitable as solvents for the processes.
• ethers such as diethyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, glycol dimethyl ether, or hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, hexane, cyclohexane or petroleum fractions, or halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, dichlorethylene, tricholethylene or tricholethylene, or ethyl acetate, pyridine, dimethyl sulfoxide, N, N-dimethylformamide, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, acetonitrile, acetone or nitromethane.
• ethers such as diethyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, glycol dimethyl ether
• hydrocarbons such as benzene, tol
• (VI) -> (I) are preferably dichloromethane and trichloromethane. Dichloromethane is particularly preferred.
• inorganic or organic bases can be used as bases for the processes according to the invention.
• This preferably includes
• Alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as barium hydroxide, alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate, alkaline earth metal carbonates such as calcium carbonate, or alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alcoholates such as sodium or potassium methanolate, sodium - or potassium ethanolate or potassium tert-butoxide, or organic
• Amines such as triethylamine, or heterocycles such as 1,4-di-azabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO), 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU), pyridine, N, N-dimethylaminopyridine, methylpiperidine or morpholine.
• DABCO 1,4-di-azabicyclo [2.2.2] octane
• DBU 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene
• pyridine N, N-dimethylaminopyridine, methylpiperidine or morpholine.
• Sodium hydroxide is preferred for process (II) -> (III) -> (IV) and triethylamine for process (VI) -> (I).
• the base is used in an amount of 0.05 mol to 10 mol, preferably 1 mol to 3 mol, based on 1 mol of the compound of the formula (III) or (VI).
• the processes according to the invention are generally carried out in a temperature range from -20 ° C. to + 100 ° C., preferably from 0 ° C. to + 60 ° C.
• Vacuum e.g. in a range of 0.5 to 5 bar.
• DFP also has potent effects in an in vivo animal model for the discovery of new antidepressants. This is the "Rat Forced swimming Test” according to Porsolt (Nature 1977, 266, 730-732). DFP induces in this
• a dose-dependent test has a behavior-activating effect, as is known from clinically effective antidepressants.
• the optimal dose is 0.03 mg / kg orally, ie far below the concentrations that would be required for choline esterase inhibition (as described above).
• ligands from the high-affinity DFP binding site are also suitable for use in psychiatric indications such as depression, schizophrenia or anxiety.
• the compounds according to the invention also inhibit ACPH (N-acyl peptide hydrolase).
• the new active compounds can be converted in a known manner into the customary formulations, such as tablets, dragées, pills, granules, aerosols, syrups, emulsions, suspensions and solutions, using inert, non-toxic, pharmaceutically suitable excipients or solvents.
• the therapeutically active compound should in each case be present in a concentration of about 0.0001 to 90% by weight, preferably 0.0001 to 1.0% by weight, of the total mixture, i.e. in amounts sufficient to achieve the dosage range indicated.
• the formulations are prepared, for example, by stretching the active ingredients with solvents and / or carriers, optionally using emulsifiers and / or dispersants, e.g. in the case of the use of water as a diluent, organic solvents can optionally be used as auxiliary solvents.
• the application is carried out in the usual way, preferably orally, transdermally or parenterally, in particular perlingually or intravenously.
• the ligands of the high affinity DFP binding site are generally suitable for use in the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases of the central nervous system.
• R 24 and R 25 are the same or different and are independently halogen, (C, -C 8 ) alkoxy. (C, -C 8 ) alkenoxy, aryl-S or aryl-O, where (C, -C 8 ) -
• Alkoxy or (C, -C 8 ) alkenoxy are optionally substituted one or more times by halogen, and
• R 26 has the meaning of R 24 and is the same or different from it, or represents optionally substituted (C, -C 8 ) -alkyl or substituted aryl, and
• (C, -C 8 ) -alkenoxy stands for a straight-chain or branched alkenyloxy residue consisting of 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Examples include: ethenyl, prop-2-en-1-yl, prop-2-en-2-yl, prop-3-enyl or but-1-en-1-yl.
• Such new drugs are first identified by an in vitro competition test at the high affinity DFP binding site. In principle, Zeil membranes from mammalian species other than rats, including humans, can also be used.
• Ligands of the high-affinity DFP binding site in the sense of the invention are those substances which, when applied with [ 3 H] DFP, displace at a concentration of less than 10 nM with a dissociation constant K d of less than 100,000 nM.
• Ligands are preferred whose K d at this binding site is less than 1000 nM.
• Cholinesterase inhibition can be demonstrated with suitable in vitro tests.
• One such test is the photometric determination of the cholinesterase activity according to Ellman (Biochem. Pharmacol. 1961, 7, 88-95).
• the ligands of the high-affinity DFP binding site are particularly suitable for the
• Rat brains were homogenized, cooled in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.4 and centrifuged twice for 30 min at 48,000 ⁇ g, the supernatants being discarded and the precipitate being resuspended in 50 mM Tris buffer.
• the test batch in the binding test initially contained about 0.4 mg of membrane protein, DFP in various concentrations, and 50 mM Tris buffer. This mixture was preincubated for 30 min at 25 ° C. in a water bath before commercially available [ 3 H] DFP (0.1 to 20 nM, 5 nM in standard tests) was added. The samples were then mixed well again and incubated for 120 min at 25 ° C.
• the binding measured in this way was 90% specific and saturable.
• the apparent binding constant K d was in the whole brain as well as in some
• Brain regions such as the cerebral cortex 1.8 + 0.2 nM (mean ⁇ standard error from a total of 21 experiments up to 10 nM).
• the binding site density B max was in the range of 347 ⁇ 14.9 pmol / mg membrane protein in these experiments.
• the Scatchard transformation of the binding data was linear. This implies interaction with a single, non-interacting, high affinity class of Close binding sites for the radioligand in this concentration range.
• radioligand concentrations> 10 nM the total binding increased again disproportionately, which indicates an interaction with other, less affine binding sites at higher concentrations.
• DFP binding site is not cholinesterases.
• a comparison of the interaction of unlabelled DFP and physostigmine with both biological targets under largely the same conditions showed that DFP inhibits the binding of [3H] DFP to the high-affinity binding site in rat brain membranes about 200 times more potent than the acetylcholinesterase activity . (IC50 11 nM vs 2.6 ⁇ M).
• physostigmine which like DFP binds to the acetylcholine binding region of acetylcholinesterase, was only able to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (IC50 33 nM), not to displace DFP from the high-affinity DFP binding site (IC50> 1 mM).
• the selectivity of the substances as DFP ligands with regard to cholinesterase inhibition can be demonstrated with suitable in vitro tests.
• One such test is the photometric determination of the cholinesterase activity according to Ellman (Biochem. Pharmacol. 1961, 7, 88-95).
• Ellman Biochem. Pharmacol. 1961, 7, 88-95.
• the experiment is carried out with raw whole brain rat homogenates.
• brain homogenates from other warm-blooded animals, including humans, are suitable as enzyme preparations, as are commercially available, purified enzyme preparations.
• rat brains are homogenized in 20-fold volume (w / v) 100 mM K 2 HPO 4 buffer, pH 8.0. The protein concentration of the homogenate is adjusted to approximately 3 mg / ml by dilution in the buffer.
• the incubation batch (1500 ⁇ l) contains 100 mM phosphate buffer pH 8.0, 330 ⁇ M dithiobisnitrobenzoate, 50 ⁇ l brain homogenate corresponding to 150 ⁇ g protein, various test concentrations of the test substances to be tested and 40 ⁇ M acetylthiocholine as the enzyme substrate.
• the reaction mixture is preincubated for 30 min at room temperature before adding the substrate.
• the enzyme reaction is started by adding substrate.
• the reaction time is 6 min.
• the samples are then mixed with 25 ml of 1 mM tacrine solution (final concentration) in order to terminate the reaction, and the yellow color complex in the spectrophotometer at 412 nm is quantified against the corresponding blank value (tacrine addition before substrate addition).
• the IC 50 is calculated from the enzyme activity in the presence of increasing concentrations of test substance in the test and with that for the [ 3 H] DFP-
• Example 1 inhibited acetylcholinesterase with a K j of> 10 ⁇ M. This results in a selectivity of> 2,000 for this substance.
• the Morris Test measures spatial orientation learning in rodents.
• the test is ideal for evaluating the learning and memory-enhancing effects of substances.
• rats or mice are trained to locate an invisible platform as the only way out of a water-filled swimming pool.
• a proven method is to train the animals four times a day over a period of 5 days.
• the test substances are tested on a daily basis at a defined time, e.g. 30 min before the first swimming attempt per day. Controls receive the corresponding
• the learning performance of the animals is expressed in a training-related Shortening the swim distance between the starting position and the platform, as well as reducing the swimming time until reaching the platform, i.e. the better the animal remembers the location of the platform, the shorter the distance covered and the faster the platform is reached.
• the test is performed on cognitively impaired animals, such as old animals or animals with experimentally induced brain damage.
• Rats with an entorhinal cortex lesion are an animal model for Alzheimer's disease.
• the bilateral lesion of the entorhinal cortex is created by intracerebral injection of the excitotoxin ibotenic acid. It leads to a severe impairment of learning performance in the Morris test.
• Example 1 The learning and memory-improving effect of Example 1 was tested using this animal model. In rats with a bilateral entorhinal cortex lesion, learning of the platform position in the Morris test was greatly slowed, and that
• Performance after five days of training was significantly worse than that of control animals that underwent surgery like the lesioned animals but did not receive intracerebral injections of the excitotoxin ibotenic acid.
• Example 1 The intraperitoneal injection of Example 1 in a dose of 0.1 mg per kg
• Example 1 Body weight, 30 minutes before each of the five daily training days, significantly accelerated learning the platform position.
• the lesionized animals treated with Example 1 already achieved the same level of performance on the second training day as the vehicle-treated animals after 5 training days.
• Example 1 could not completely antagonize the learning disability induced by the entorhinal cortex lesion; considering the extent of the experimentally induced brain damage, this was also not to be expected. 4. Rat Forced swimming Test:
• the behavioral effect is indicated as mean change in immobility compared to vehicle-treated control animals ⁇ standard error.
• Physiological saline was used as vehicle.
• Example I 2- (l-methylpropyl) hexan-3-one carboxylic acid ethyl ester

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