EP1087843B1 - Method for producing multi-layer paint coatings - Google Patents

Method for producing multi-layer paint coatings Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1087843B1
EP1087843B1 EP00909361A EP00909361A EP1087843B1 EP 1087843 B1 EP1087843 B1 EP 1087843B1 EP 00909361 A EP00909361 A EP 00909361A EP 00909361 A EP00909361 A EP 00909361A EP 1087843 B1 EP1087843 B1 EP 1087843B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filler
irradiation
layer
nir
radiation
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Revoked
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EP00909361A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1087843A1 (en
Inventor
Karsten Blatter
Werner Lenhard
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
    • B05D3/0254—After-treatment
    • B05D3/0263—After-treatment with IR heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50—Multilayers
    • B05D7/52—Two layers
    • B05D7/53—Base coat plus clear coat type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for multi-layer coating with in particular Water-based paints, which are used in particular in the field of Vehicle refinishing.
  • the object of the invention was therefore to provide a process for multi-layer coating, in particular for vehicle refinishing, which it enables, even when using water-based filler coatings Filler layers with high and uniform quality of painting, in particular in terms of surface properties and interlayer adhesion.
  • the uniform quality of the paint should especially under widely varying Ambient conditions in the application, such as the humidity, to be guaranteed.
  • a uniform quality of the paint is also supposed to critical points, such as sikken or edges.
  • the filler layers obtained can be sanded well and quickly.
  • the invention therefore relates to the use of NIR radiation for the irradiation of filler layers in the multi-layer coating of Substrates.
  • the NIR radiation (near infrared) used according to the invention is around short-wave infrared radiation in the wavelength range from 760 to 1500 nm, preferably 760 to 1200 nm.
  • Another object of the invention is a method for multi-layer coating, in the case of a filler coating agent on an optionally precoated substrate is applied and then cured, on the filler layer obtained Top coat layer consisting of a color and / or effect basecoat and a Ktarlack coating agent or from a pigmented One-coat topcoat is applied and cured, which is characterized in that after application of the filler coating agent not yet hardened filler layer with NIR radiation in the wavelength range from 760 to 1500 nm is irradiated.
  • an aqueous Filler coating agent applied.
  • solvent-based Filler coating agent it is also possible to use.
  • the not yet hardened filler layer has a flash-off phase be subjected.
  • the irradiation with NIR radiation to dry the particularly aqueous Filler layer carried out.
  • the hardening of the aqueous filler layer can be carried out with a suitable Hardening procedures take place. For example, it can be forced at room temperature higher temperatures, by irradiation with UV or IR or NIR radiation respectively. Final curing is preferably carried out using UV or NIR radiation.
  • NIR radiation in general for drying paints and varnishes is known.
  • the following areas are examples of possible applications called: printing industry, film drying, pipe drying, wood coatings, Powder coatings.
  • the particular advantages of NIR technology are that rapid drying, especially with water-based paints and gentle drying called by slight heating of the substrate.
  • This technology in vehicle painting, especially the Vehicle refinishing is not known.
  • the irradiation with NIR radiation carried out in the method according to the invention can be carried out with a customary high-energy NIR radiator.
  • NIR emitters are commercially available (for example from Industrie SerVis). These are, for example, high-performance halogen lamps with a radiation density of generally more than 1 W / cm 2 , preferably more than 10 W / cm 2 , for example up to 15 MW / m 2 .
  • the emitters for example, reach an emitter surface temperature (filament temperature) of over 2000 K, for example from 2000 to 3000 K.
  • Suitable emitters have, for example, an emission spectrum with a maximum between 750 and 1200 mm.
  • a flash-off phase before irradiation with NIR radiation be switched on.
  • the flash-off phase can take place in the usual way, for example by standing in the air or by blowing air e.g. at Temperatures from 10 to 80 ° C, for example at room temperature.
  • Filler coating compositions which can be used in the process according to the invention are for example, conventional water-based fillers known to those skilled in the art, such as the one they have in the field of vehicle painting, especially vehicle refinishing be used.
  • the filler coatings contain water-thinnable Binder.
  • the water-dilutable binders are the usual binders known to the person skilled in the art for this purpose. It can be, for example, one-component or two-component act water-thinnable binder systems.
  • one-component binder systems are those based on Polyurethane, polyacrylate, polyester and / or epoxy resins.
  • the one-component Binder systems can e.g. be physically or oxidatively drying.
  • two-component crosslinkable binder systems are those based on of hydroxy functional binders, e.g. Polyurethane, polyester urethane and / or Polyacrylate polyols, and polyisocyanates, based on epoxy / polyamine systems, based on acetoaceyl functional and (meth) acryloyl functional Binders and based on acryloyl or acryloyl and glycidyl functional binders and polyamines.
  • hydroxy functional binders e.g. Polyurethane, polyester urethane and / or Polyacrylate polyols
  • polyisocyanates based on epoxy / polyamine systems
  • acetoaceyl functional and (meth) acryloyl functional Binders and based on acryloyl or acryloyl and glycidyl functional binders and polyamines.
  • Binder systems are described in more detail in DE-A-41 23 860.
  • Water-thinnable ones with high-energy content can also be used Radiation, preferably UV radiation, at least partially curable binders. These are preferably free-radically curable binders. Both preferred free-radically curing binders can be prepolymers such as Poly- or oligomers, the free-radically polymerizable olefinic double bonds. in particular in the form of (meth) acryloyl groups in the molecule. The prepolymers can be used in combination with reactive diluents, i.e. reactive liquid monomers.
  • prepolymers or oligomers are (meth) acryloyl functional ones (Meth) acrylic copolymers, epoxy resin (meth) acrylates, polyester (meth) acrylates, Polyether (meth) acrylates, polyurethane (meth) acrylates, unsaturated polyesters, unsaturated polyurethanes or silicone (meth) acrylates with number average Molecular masses (Mn) preferably in the range from 200 to 10,000, particularly preferred from 500 to 3000 and with an average of 2 to 20, preferably 3 to 10 radicals polymerizable, olefinic double bonds per molecule.
  • Mn number average Molecular masses
  • reactive diluents are used in amounts of 1 to 50% by weight. used, preferably from 5 to 30 wt .-%, based on the total weight of Prepolymers and reactive thinners. It is defined as low molecular weight Compounds that can be mono-, di- or polyunsaturated.
  • Reactive thinners examples include: (meth) acrylic acid and its esters, maleic acid and their Half esters, vinyl acetate, vinyl ethers, substituted vinyl ureas, ethylene and Propylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,3- and 1,4-butanediol di (meth) acrylate, Vinyl (meth) acrylate, allyl (meth) acrylate, glycerol tri, di and mono (meth) acrylate, Trimethylolpropane tri, di and mono (meth) acrylate, styrene, vinyl toluene, Divinylbenzene, pentaerythritol tri- and tetra (meth) acrylate, di- and Tripropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, and mixtures thereof.
  • Usable UV-curable binders are e.g. those in DE-A-41 33 290 . described
  • Binder systems mentioned here that are suitable for filler coatings it is only an exemplary list.
  • the Binder systems can be modified even further, and so can different networking mechanisms can be combined, for example can be cured by means of UV radiation with a further crosslinking mechanism be combined. Examples of the latter combination are described in the not yet published German patent application by the same applicant P 198 187 35 and in WO-A-9800452 and DE-A-197 09 560.
  • the filler coating compositions which can be used in the process according to the invention contain Fillers and / or pigments. These are the usual ones in the Paint industry usable fillers and organic or inorganic coloring and / or anti-corrosion pigments.
  • coloring Pigments are titanium dioxide, micronized titanium dioxide, iron oxide pigments, carbon black, Azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, quinacridone or pyrrolopyrrole pigments.
  • Zinc phosphate is an example of an anti-corrosion pigment.
  • fillers are silicon dioxide, aluminum silicate, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate and talc.
  • the filler coating compositions can also contain water and small amounts of contain organic solvents and paint additives.
  • Solvents are common paint solvents. These can come from the manufacture of the binders originate or are added separately. Prefers they are water-miscible solvents. Examples of suitable solvents are one or polyhydric alcohols, e.g. Propanol, butanol, hexanol; Glycol ethers or esters, e.g. Diethylene glycol dialkyl ether, dipropylene glycol dialkyl ether, each with C1- bis C6 alkyl, ethoxypropanol, butyl glycol; Glycols, e.g.
  • Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and their oligomers N-methylpyrrolidone and ketones, e.g. methyl ethyl ketone, Acetone, cyclohexanone; aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons. e.g. Toluene, xylene or linear or branched aliphatic C6-C12 hydrocarbons.
  • the filler oil layer agents can also contain customary paint additives.
  • customary paint additives are leveling agents, rheology-influencing agents, such as highly disperse silica or polymeric urea compounds, thickeners, such as cross-linked polycarboxylic acid or polyurethane, defoamers, wetting agents, Anti-cratering agent and hardening accelerator.
  • the additives are used in the usual way Amounts known to those skilled in the art are used.
  • binders curable by means of UV radiation contain Filler coating agents additionally photoinitiators, e.g. in amounts from 0.1 to 5 % By weight, preferably from 0.5 to 3% by weight, based on the sum of free radicals polymerizable prepolymers, reactive diluents and photoinitiators.
  • photoinitiators are benzoin and derivatives, acetophenone and derivatives, e.g. 2,2-diacetoxyacetophenone, Benzophenone and derivatives, thioxanthone and derivatives, Anthraquinone, 1-benzoylcyclohexanol, organophosphorus compounds, e.g. Acyl phosphine oxides.
  • the photoinitiators can be used alone or in combination become.
  • Binder components are stored separately and can only be used shortly before Application are mixed together.
  • Solvents can still be adjusted to spray viscosity.
  • the filler coating compositions can be applied in the process according to the invention by conventional methods, preferably by spray application.
  • substrates are metal and plastic substrates, especially those in the Substrates known from the automotive industry, suitable, e.g. Iron, zinc, aluminum, Magnesium, stainless steel or their alloys, as well as polyurethanes, polycarbonates or polyolefins.
  • suitable e.g. Iron, zinc, aluminum, Magnesium, stainless steel or their alloys, as well as polyurethanes, polycarbonates or polyolefins.
  • the filler layers can optionally be pretreated Substrates are applied as such or on conventional primers. For example, on bare sheet steel, sanded, on polyvinyl butyral primer, 2-component epoxy primers sanded factory or old paintwork.
  • Irradiation with NIR radiation takes place for 5 to 15 minutes at room temperature.
  • the radiation can, for example, be carried out using an NIR emitter equipped conveyor system or with an NIR emitter in front of the one to be irradiated Object or the position to be irradiated is performed.
  • the first option is e.g. when refinishing Individual parts, the belt speed and thus the irradiation time varies can be.
  • belt speeds from 1.0 to 7.0 m / min can be set, for example, irradiation times from 2 to 20 s can correspond.
  • the distance between the NIR emitter and the object surface can e.g. 10 to 60 cm.
  • the NIR emitter is placed directly in front of the one to be irradiated Positioned object or the place to be irradiated.
  • the radiation duration can e.g. 1 to 300 s, the object distance e.g. 5 to 70 cm.
  • Object temperatures can be set.
  • object temperatures can be set from 80 to 150 ° C.
  • the final curing After irradiation of the filler layer with NIR radiation can then be carried out according to the preferred embodiment, the final curing.
  • the final hardening e.g. at room temperature, by means of Heat e.g. in an oven or with IR or NIR radiation, or with high energy Radiation, preferably UV radiation. You can also use different methods can be combined with each other.
  • Final curing is preferably carried out with another NIR irradiation step or when using high-energy radiation curable binder using UV radiation.
  • the irradiation can be carried out in a similar way as already described above, i.e. one closes another irradiation phase or another belt run.
  • the radiation times can be varied as required. For example, you can range from 1 up to 300 seconds.
  • the filler layer can preferably be used with UV radiation sources with emissions in the wavelength range from 180 to 420 nm, be irradiated in particular from 200 to 400 nm.
  • UV radiation sources are e.g. High pressure, medium pressure and mercury -Low-pressure lamps and doped lamps such as iron or Galliumquecksilberlampen.
  • Other examples of UV radiation sources are Gas discharge tubes, e.g. Xenon low pressure lamps, UV lasers, UV spotlights, such as. UV-emitting diodes and black light tubes.
  • these continuously working UV radiation sources can also discontinuous UV radiation sources are used. It is preferred so-called high-energy flash devices (in short: UV flash lamps).
  • the duration of exposure to UV radiation can be considered when using UV flash lamps UV radiation source, for example, in the range from 1 millisecond to 400 seconds. preferably from 4 to 160 seconds, depending on the number of selected lightning discharges, lie.
  • the flashes can be triggered, for example, every 4 s. curing can for example by. 1 to 40 successive lightning discharges.
  • the duration of the radiation can be for example in the range from 1 millisecond to from a few seconds to about 5 Minutes. are preferably less than 5 minutes.
  • the distance of the UV radiation sources to the substrate surface to be irradiated can be, for example, 5 to 60 cm. UV radiation sources and UV technology are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the Irradiation times can then be, for example, 5 to 300 seconds.
  • the topcoat layer can be pigmented single-layer topcoats or trade a basecoat / clearcoat two-coat system. It can with solvent-based or water-based coating agents overcoated become.
  • Basecoats are all in vehicle painting, especially refinishing, usual solvent-based or water-based basecoats known to those skilled in the art suitable.
  • solvent-based basecoats are those based on Polyacrylate and / or polyester resins, optionally in combination with Melamine resins and cellulose esters.
  • waterborne basecoats are such Based on physically drying polyurethane, polyurethane / urea, polyester, Polyester urethane and / or polyacrylate resins and their modifications, such as acrylated or silicon-modified polyurethane and / or polyester resins.
  • the basecoat film can be cured at room temperature or forced for example, 40 to 80 ° C. However, the basecoat can also be wet-in-wet, if necessary, overcoated with a clear varnish after a short flash-off phase and then cured together with the clear coat.
  • Clearcoats that can be used for the basecoat / clearcoat topcoat are all in the Vehicle painting, especially the repair painting usual and the Suitable solvent-based or water-based clearcoats known to those skilled in the art. Examples this is based on solvent-based or aqueous clear coats binders containing hydroxyl groups and / or amino groups and Polyisocyanate crosslinking agents and based on amino groups and binder containing acryloyl groups.
  • Pigmented single-layer topcoats that can be used for the top coat are all in the vehicle painting, especially the repair painting usual and the Solvent- or water-based single-layer topcoats known to those skilled in the art suitable. Examples of this are solvent-based or aqueous single-layer topcoats based on binders containing hydroxyl groups and / or amino groups and Polyisocyanar crosslinking agents and based on amino groups and binder containing acryloyl groups.
  • top coat layers (clear coat, basecoat / clear coat wet-on-wet, one-coat top coat) For example, over a long period of time, e.g. within 18 hours (overnight), be dried at room temperature. However, you can also, if necessary, after a flash-off time of about 10 to 30 minutes, drying at higher Temperatures, e.g. for 20 to 50 minutes at e.g. 40 to 60 ° C, be subjected.
  • top coat layers when using appropriate Harden binders by means of high-energy radiation, preferably UV radiation.
  • high-energy radiation preferably UV radiation.
  • binders to be used here are those already mentioned above mentioned at least partially curable by means of high-energy radiation Binder.
  • the method according to the invention is preferably used in vehicle and Vehicle parts painting, especially in vehicle refinishing. It can however, also in vehicle series painting, especially for refinishing in vehicle series painting.
  • Filler layers produced with the method according to the invention are according to Completed curing very good wet and dry grindable. It will be one uniform reproducible quality of the filler layer Interlayer adhesion and surface quality even with varying external Conditions, especially when the humidity is very different. As well is a uniform quality of the paint, especially with regard to appearance and Course, also guaranteed in critical places such as sikken or edges.
  • Advantageous is of course also the extremely short drying time that with the invention Procedure is achieved. Is the final hardening also done with NIR radiation or with UV radiation, this process step is also extremely shortened. The Throughput times, for example in a refinishing workshop, can be reduced be significantly shortened, which improves the overall profitability of the workshop.
  • a filler coating composition based on a water-dilutable two-component (2K) epoxy / amine system was produced in accordance with DE-A-196 25 345, example filler 1.
  • the filler was applied to a suitably prepared fender of a motor vehicle coated with a conventional primer in a resulting dry film thickness of approximately 80 ⁇ m at 40% and at 70% relative air humidity.
  • irradiation was carried out with an NIR emitter (500 W / cm 2 ) to dry the fillers.
  • the distance between the radiator and the object was 10 cm, the irradiation time 10 s.
  • the fillers were finally cured after 5 minutes with a second NIR irradiation step under the same conditions, but with an irradiation time of 15 s each.
  • a water-based lacquer (was prepared in each case on the hardened filler layers according to DE-A-196 43 802, preparation example 4) in a resulting Dry film thickness of 13 to 15 ⁇ m applied. After a flash-off phase of 25 Minutes at room temperature, a solvent-based clear coat (base OH-functional acrylic resin / polyisocyanate crosslinker) in a resulting Dry film layer thickness of 50 ⁇ m applied. After a flash-off phase of 10 The base coat was cured together at room temperature for minutes and clear coat within 30 minutes at 60 ° C.
  • a filler was produced on the basis of a binder system curable by means of UV radiation.
  • the following components were mixed together and homogenized for a few minutes using a high-speed stirrer (all information relates to the weight): 131 Parts of a commercially available aromatic epoxy acrylate (Ebecryl ® 600 from UCB) 56 Parts of hexanediol diacrylate 9 Parts of a commercially available adhesion promoter 127 Parts of commercially available heavy spar 126 Share commercial kaolin 6.1 Parts of a mixture of commercially available photoinitiators (arylphosphine oxide and acetophenone derivative) 113 Parts of butyl acetate
  • the filler was applied to a suitably prepared fender of a motor vehicle coated with a conventional primer in a resulting dry film layer thickness of approximately 60 ⁇ m at 40% and at 70% relative atmospheric humidity. After a flash-off time of 10 minutes at room temperature, irradiation is carried out with an NIR emitter (500 W / cm 2 ). The emitter / object distance was 10 cm, the irradiation time was 10 s each.
  • the final curing was carried out by irradiation with UV light using a UV flash lamp (3500 Ws). It was fired with 30 flashes (approx. 120 s) in one Irradiated distance of about 20 cm.
  • the mudguards coated with the filler according to Examples 1 and 2 show a uniform, uniform surface quality both at 40% relative air humidity and at 70% relative air humidity on the entire object, including beads and edges.
  • Example 1 Example 2 grindability Good Good liability Filler / underground 2 2 liability Filler / topcoat 2 2 liability after wet / warm test 2 2 Optics (fullness, gloss, gradient) iO iO

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Abstract

A process for multilayer lacquering, wherein a surfacer coating compound is applied to an optionally precoated substrate and then cured, a top coat layer of a color-imparting and/or special effect-imparting base coat and a clear coat coating compound or of a pigmented one-coat top coat coating compound is applied to the surfacer layer obtained and cured, wherein, after application of the surfacer coating compound, the not yet cured surfacer layer is irradiated with NIR radiation in the wave length range from 760 to 1500 nm.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Mehrschichtlackierung mit insbesondere Wasserlacken, welches insbesondere Anwendung findet im Bereich der Fahrzeugreparaturlackierung.The invention relates to a method for multi-layer coating with in particular Water-based paints, which are used in particular in the field of Vehicle refinishing.

Aus ökologischen Gründen ist man bestrebt, auch auf dem Gebiet der Fahrzeugreparaturlackierung in zunehmendem Maße lösemittelbasierende Lacke durch Wasserlacke zu ersetzen. Die entwickelten Wasserlacke haben bereits ein Qualitätsniveau erreicht, das sie in einer Mehrzahl von Eigenschaften den lösemittelbasierenden Lacken ebenbürtig macht. Einige Eigenschaften haben jedoch noch nicht das Qualitätsniveau lösemittelbasierender Lacke erreicht. Beispielsweise wird beim Einsatz wasserverdünnbarer Füller noch eine unzureichende Schleifbarkeit festgestellt. Desweiteren ist es problematisch, eine gleichmäßige Qualität der Lackierung, insbesondere bezüglich Oberflächeneigenschaften und Zwischenschichthaftung, bei unterschiedlichen äußeren Bedingungen zu gewährleisten. Besonders schwierig ist es, unter den Bedingungen einer stark variierenden Luftfeuchtigkeit eine reproduzierbare Trocknung der Wasserlacke und daraus resultierende gleichmäßige Oberflächenqualität der Lackierung zu erzielen.For ecological reasons, efforts are also being made in the area of Vehicle refinishing increasingly by solvent-based paints To replace water-based paints. The developed water-based paints already have one Quality level achieved in a variety of properties makes solvent-based paints equal. However, have some properties has not yet reached the quality level of solvent-based paints. For example becomes insufficient sandability when using water-dilutable fillers detected. Furthermore, it is problematic to have a uniform quality of Painting, especially with regard to surface properties and Interlayer adhesion to ensure under different external conditions. It is particularly difficult under the conditions of a widely varying Air humidity a reproducible drying of the water-based paints and from them to achieve the resulting uniform surface quality of the paint.

Aufgabe der Erfindung war es daher, ein Verfahren zur Mehrschichtlackierung, insbesondere für die Fahrzeugreparaturlackierung, bereitzustellen, welches es ermöglicht, auch beim Einsatz von wasserbasierenden Füllerbeschichtungsmitteln Füllerschichten mit hoher und gleichmäßiger Qualität der Lackierung, insbesondere bezüglich der Oberflächeneigenschaften und Zwischenschichthaftung zu erzielen. Die gleichmäßige Qualität der Lackierung soll insbesondere auch unter stark variierenden Umgebungsbedingungen bei der Applikation, wie z.B. der Luftfeuchtigkeit, gewährleistet sein. Eine gleichmäßige Qualität der Lackierung soll ebenso an kritischen Stellen, wie Sikken oder Kanten gegeben sein. Weiterhin sollen die erhaltenen Füllerschichten gut und rasch schleifbar sein. The object of the invention was therefore to provide a process for multi-layer coating, in particular for vehicle refinishing, which it enables, even when using water-based filler coatings Filler layers with high and uniform quality of painting, in particular in terms of surface properties and interlayer adhesion. The uniform quality of the paint should especially under widely varying Ambient conditions in the application, such as the humidity, to be guaranteed. A uniform quality of the paint is also supposed to critical points, such as sikken or edges. Furthermore, the the filler layers obtained can be sanded well and quickly.

Es hat sich gezeigt, daß diese Aufgabe gelöst werden kann, wenn eine auf ein gegebenenfalls vorbeschichtetes Substrat auf getragene Füllerschicht mit NIR-Strahlung bestrahlt wird. Ein Gegenstand der Erfindung ist daher die Verwendung von NIR-Strahlung zur Bestrahlung von Füllerschichten bei der Mehrschichtlackierung von Substraten.It has been shown that this task can be solved if one is on a optionally precoated substrate on the applied filler layer with NIR radiation is irradiated. The invention therefore relates to the use of NIR radiation for the irradiation of filler layers in the multi-layer coating of Substrates.

Bei der erfindungsgemäß verwendeten NIR-Strahlung (nahes Infrarot) handelt es sich um kurzwellige Infrarotstrahlung des Wellenlängenbereichs von 760 bis 1500 nm, bevorzugt 760 bis 1200 nm.The NIR radiation (near infrared) used according to the invention is around short-wave infrared radiation in the wavelength range from 760 to 1500 nm, preferably 760 to 1200 nm.

Ein weiterer Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Mehrschichtlackierung, bei dem auf ein gegebenenfalls vorbeschichtetes Substrat ein Füllerbeschichtungsmittel appliziert und anschließend gehärtet wird, auf die erhaltene Füllerschicht eine Decklackschicht aus einem farb- und/oder effektgebenden Basislack- und einem Ktarlackbeschichtungsmittel oder aus einem pigmentierten Einschichtdecklackbeschichtungsmittel aufgebracht und gehärtet wird, welches dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß nach Applikation des Füllerbeschichtungsmittels die noch nicht gehärtete Füllerschicht mit NIR-Strahlung des Wellenlängenbereichs von 760 bis 1500 nm bestrahlt wird.Another object of the invention is a method for multi-layer coating, in the case of a filler coating agent on an optionally precoated substrate is applied and then cured, on the filler layer obtained Top coat layer consisting of a color and / or effect basecoat and a Ktarlack coating agent or from a pigmented One-coat topcoat is applied and cured, which is characterized in that after application of the filler coating agent not yet hardened filler layer with NIR radiation in the wavelength range from 760 to 1500 nm is irradiated.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausfuhrungsform der Erfindung wird ein wäßriges Füllerbeschichtungsmittel appliziert. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, lösemittelhaltige Füllerbeschichtungsmittel zu verwenden.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, an aqueous Filler coating agent applied. However, it is also possible to use solvent-based Filler coating agent to use.

Nach Applikation des insbesondere wäßrigen Füllerbeschichtungsmittels kann gegebenenfalls die erhaltene noch nicht ausgehärtete Füllerschicht eine Ablüftphase unterzogen werden. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird die Bestrahlung mit NIR-Strahlung zur Trocknung der insbesondere wäßrigen Füllerschicht durchgeführt.After application of the particularly aqueous filler coating agent optionally the not yet hardened filler layer has a flash-off phase be subjected. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention the irradiation with NIR radiation to dry the particularly aqueous Filler layer carried out.

Die Härtung der wäßrigen Füllerschicht (Endhärtung) kann mit einem geeigneten Härtungsverfahren erfolgen. Sie kann beispielsweise bei Raumtemperatur, forciert bei höheren Temperaturen, durch Bestrahlen mit UV- oder IR- oder NIR-Strahlung erfolgen. Bevorzugt erfolgt die Endhärtung mit UV- oder NIR-Strahlung.The hardening of the aqueous filler layer (final hardening) can be carried out with a suitable Hardening procedures take place. For example, it can be forced at room temperature higher temperatures, by irradiation with UV or IR or NIR radiation respectively. Final curing is preferably carried out using UV or NIR radiation.

Es ist jedoch auch möglich, die Härtung der Füllerschicht nach einer gegebenenfalls gewährten Ablüftphase nur mit einer einzigen NIR-Bestrahlungsphase durchzuführen.However, it is also possible to harden the filler layer after one granted flash-off phase only with a single NIR radiation phase.

Die Anwendung von NIR-Strahlung allgemein zum Trocknen von Farben und Lacken ist bekannt. Als Anwendungsmöglichkeiten werden beispielsweise folgende Bereiche genannt: Druckbranche, Folientrocknung, Rohrtrocknung, Holzbeschichtungen, Pulverbeschichtungen. Als besondere Vorteile der NIR-Technologie werden die sehr rasche Trocknung, insbesondere bei Wasserlacken und die schonende Trocknung durch geringe Erhitzung des Substrates genannt. Über Anwendungsmöglichkeiten dieser Technologie in der Fahrzeuglackierung, insbesondere der Fahrzeugreparaturlackierung ist nichts bekannt.The use of NIR radiation in general for drying paints and varnishes is known. The following areas are examples of possible applications called: printing industry, film drying, pipe drying, wood coatings, Powder coatings. The particular advantages of NIR technology are that rapid drying, especially with water-based paints and gentle drying called by slight heating of the substrate. About applications this technology in vehicle painting, especially the Vehicle refinishing is not known.

Überraschend wurde nun gefunden, daß die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung durch die Verwendung von NIR-Strahlung zur Trocknung und Härtung von insbesondere wasserbasierenden Füllerschichten in einem Mehrschichtaufbau gelöst werden kann. Ebenso überraschend war, daß eine Trocknung des Füllers direkt mit NIR-Strahlung überhaupt möglich war. Auf Grund der hohen Schichtdicke und der sich durch die Bestrahlung schnell schließenden Fülleroberfläche war vielmehr zu erwarten, daß ein erheblicher Eigenschaftsgradient von der Filmoberfläche zur Grenzfläche zum Untergrund bezüglich Härte, Schleifbarkeit und Haftung entsteht.Surprisingly, it has now been found that the object of the present invention through the use of NIR radiation to dry and harden in particular water-based filler layers in a multilayer structure can be. It was also surprising that the filler was dried directly with NIR radiation was even possible. Due to the high layer thickness and the rather, the filler surface that closed quickly due to the irradiation was closed expect a significant property gradient from the film surface to the Interface with the surface in terms of hardness, grindability and adhesion arises.

Die im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren durchgeführte Bestrahlung mit NIR-Strahlung kann mit einem üblichen energiereichen NIR-Strahler durchgeführt werden. Derartige NIR-Strahler sind kommerziell erhältlich (beispielsweise von der Fa. Industrie SerVis). Es handelt sich beispielsweise um Hochleistungshalogenstrahler mit einer Strahlungsdichte von im allgemeinen mehr als 1 W/cm2, bevorzugt mehr als 10 W/cm2, bis beispielsweise 15 MW/m2. Die Strahler erreichen beispielsweise eine Strahleroberflächentemperatur (Glühwendeltemperatur) von über 2000 K, z.B. von 2000 bis 3000 K. Geeignete Strahler weisen beispielsweise ein Emissionsspektrum mit einem Maximum zwischen 750 und 1200 mm auf.The irradiation with NIR radiation carried out in the method according to the invention can be carried out with a customary high-energy NIR radiator. Such NIR emitters are commercially available (for example from Industrie SerVis). These are, for example, high-performance halogen lamps with a radiation density of generally more than 1 W / cm 2 , preferably more than 10 W / cm 2 , for example up to 15 MW / m 2 . The emitters, for example, reach an emitter surface temperature (filament temperature) of over 2000 K, for example from 2000 to 3000 K. Suitable emitters have, for example, an emission spectrum with a maximum between 750 and 1200 mm.

Erfindungsgemäß kann eine Ablüftphase vor der Bestrahlung mit NIR-Strahlung eingeschaltet werden. Die Ablüftphase kann in üblicher Weise erfolgen, beispielsweise durch Stehenlassen an der Luft oder durch Aufblasen von Luft z.B. bei Temperaturen von 10 bis 80°C, beispielsweise bei Raumtemperatur.According to the invention, a flash-off phase before irradiation with NIR radiation be switched on. The flash-off phase can take place in the usual way, for example by standing in the air or by blowing air e.g. at Temperatures from 10 to 80 ° C, for example at room temperature.

Im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren einsetzbare Füllerbeschichtungsmittel sind beispielsweise übliche und dem Fachmann bekannte Füller auf Wasserbasis, wie sie im Bereich der Fahrzeualackierung, insbesondere der Fahrzeugreparaturlackierung eingesetzt werden. Die Füllerbeschichtungsmittel enthalten wasserverdünnbare Bindemittel. Bei den wasserverdünnbaren Bindemitteln handelt es sich um die üblichen, dem Fachmann für diesen Anwendungszweck bekannten Bindemittel. Es kann sich beispielsweise um einkomponentige oder zweikomponentige wasserverdünnbare Bindemittelsysteme handeln.Filler coating compositions which can be used in the process according to the invention are for example, conventional water-based fillers known to those skilled in the art, such as the one they have in the field of vehicle painting, especially vehicle refinishing be used. The filler coatings contain water-thinnable Binder. The water-dilutable binders are the usual binders known to the person skilled in the art for this purpose. It can be, for example, one-component or two-component act water-thinnable binder systems.

Beispiele für einkomponentige Bindemittelsysteme sind solche auf Basis von Polyurethan-, Polyacrylat-, Polyester- und/oder Epoxidharzen. Die einkomponentigen Bindemittelsysteme können z.B. physikalisch oder oxidativ trocknend sein.Examples of one-component binder systems are those based on Polyurethane, polyacrylate, polyester and / or epoxy resins. The one-component Binder systems can e.g. be physically or oxidatively drying.

Beispiele für zweikomponentige vernetzbare Bindemittelsysteme sind solche auf Basis von hydroxyfunktionellen Bindemitteln, wie z.B. Polyurethan-, Polyesterurethanund/oder Polyacrylatpolyolen, und Polyisocyanaten, auf Basis von Epoxid/Polyamin-Systemen, auf Basis von acetoaceylfunktionellen und (meth)acryloylfunktionellen Bindemitteln sowie auf Basis von acryloylfunktionellen oder acryloyl- und glycidylfunktionellen Bindemitteln und Polyaminen. Beispiele für die vorstehend genannten Bindemittelsysteme sind ausführlicher in den DE-A-41 23 860. DE-A-42 26 243, DE-A-42 26 270, EP-A-542 209 und EP-A-476 388 beschrieben.Examples of two-component crosslinkable binder systems are those based on of hydroxy functional binders, e.g. Polyurethane, polyester urethane and / or Polyacrylate polyols, and polyisocyanates, based on epoxy / polyamine systems, based on acetoaceyl functional and (meth) acryloyl functional Binders and based on acryloyl or acryloyl and glycidyl functional binders and polyamines. Examples of the above Binder systems mentioned are described in more detail in DE-A-41 23 860. DE-A-42 26 243, DE-A-42 26 270, EP-A-542 209 and EP-A-476 388.

Ebenso eingesetzt werden können auch wasserverdünnbare mittels energiereicher Strahlung, bevorzugt UV-Strahlung, zumindest teilweise härtbare Bindemittel. Bevorzugt handelt es sich dabei um radikalisch härtbare Bindemittel. Bei den bevorzugten radikalisch härtenden Bindemitteln kann es sich um Prepolymere, wie Poly- oder Oligomere, die radikalisch polymerisierbare olefinische Doppelbindungen. insbesondere in Form von (Meth)acryloylgruppen im Molekül aufweisen, handeln. Die Prepolymeren können in Kombination mit Reaktivverdünnern, d.h. reaktiven flüssigen Monomeren, vorliegen.Water-thinnable ones with high-energy content can also be used Radiation, preferably UV radiation, at least partially curable binders. These are preferably free-radically curable binders. Both preferred free-radically curing binders can be prepolymers such as Poly- or oligomers, the free-radically polymerizable olefinic double bonds. in particular in the form of (meth) acryloyl groups in the molecule. The prepolymers can be used in combination with reactive diluents, i.e. reactive liquid monomers.

Beispiele für Prepolymere oder Oligomere sind (meth)acryloylfunktionelle (Meth)acrylcopolymere, Epoxidharz(meth)acrylate, Polyester(meth)acrylate, Polyether(meth)acrylate, Polyurethan(meth)acrylate, ungesättigte Polyester, ungesättigte Polyurethane oder Silikon(meth)acrylate mit zahlenmittleren Molekularmassen (Mn) bevorzugt im Bereich von 200 bis 10000, besonders bevorzugt von 500 bis 3000 und mit durchschnittlich 2 bis 20, bevorzugt 3 bis 10 radikalisch polymerisierbaren, olefinischen Doppelbindungen pro Molekül.Examples of prepolymers or oligomers are (meth) acryloyl functional ones (Meth) acrylic copolymers, epoxy resin (meth) acrylates, polyester (meth) acrylates, Polyether (meth) acrylates, polyurethane (meth) acrylates, unsaturated polyesters, unsaturated polyurethanes or silicone (meth) acrylates with number average Molecular masses (Mn) preferably in the range from 200 to 10,000, particularly preferred from 500 to 3000 and with an average of 2 to 20, preferably 3 to 10 radicals polymerizable, olefinic double bonds per molecule.

Werden Reaktivverdünner verwendet, so werden sie in Mengen von 1 bis 50 Gew.-% eingesetzt, bevorzugt von 5 bis 30 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht von Prepolymeren und Reaktivverdünnern. Es handelt sich um niedermolekulare definierte Verbindungen, die mono-, di- oder polyungesättigr sein können. Beispiele für solche Reaktivverdünner sind: (Meth)acrylsäure und deren Ester, Maleinsäure und deren Halbester, Vinylacetat, Vinylether, substituierte Vinylharnstoffe, Ethylen- und Propylenglykoldi(meth)acrylat, 1,3- und 1,4-Butandioldi(meth)acrylat, Vinyl(meth)acrylat, Allyl(meth)acrylat, Glycerintri-, -di- und -mono(meth)acrylat, Trimethylolpropantri-, -di- und -mono(meth)acrylat, Styrol, Vinyltoluol, Divinylbenzol, Pentaerythrittri- und -tetra(meth)acrylat, Di- und Tripropylenglykoldi(meth)acrylat, Hexandioldi(meth)acrylat, sowie deren Gemische.If reactive diluents are used, they are used in amounts of 1 to 50% by weight. used, preferably from 5 to 30 wt .-%, based on the total weight of Prepolymers and reactive thinners. It is defined as low molecular weight Compounds that can be mono-, di- or polyunsaturated. Examples of such Reactive thinners are: (meth) acrylic acid and its esters, maleic acid and their Half esters, vinyl acetate, vinyl ethers, substituted vinyl ureas, ethylene and Propylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,3- and 1,4-butanediol di (meth) acrylate, Vinyl (meth) acrylate, allyl (meth) acrylate, glycerol tri, di and mono (meth) acrylate, Trimethylolpropane tri, di and mono (meth) acrylate, styrene, vinyl toluene, Divinylbenzene, pentaerythritol tri- and tetra (meth) acrylate, di- and Tripropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, and mixtures thereof.

Einsetzbare UV-härtbare Bindemittel sind z.B. die in der DE-A-41 33 290 beschriebenen.Usable UV-curable binders are e.g. those in DE-A-41 33 290 . described

Bei den hier genannten für Füllerbeschichtungsmittel geeigneten Bindemittelsystemen handelt es sich lediglich um eine beispielhafte Aufzählung. Ebenso können die Bindemittelsysteme noch weitergehend modifiziert sein und es können auch verschiedene Vernetzungsmechanismen miteinander kombiniert werden, beispielsweise kann eine Härtung mittels UV-Strahlung mit einem weiteren Vernetzungsmechanismus kombiniert werden. Beispiele für letzgenannte Kombination sind beschrieben in der noch nicht veröffentlichten deutschen Patentanmeldung derselben Anmelderin P 198 187 35 sowie in den WO-A-9800452 und DE-A-197 09 560.With the binder systems mentioned here that are suitable for filler coatings it is only an exemplary list. Likewise, the Binder systems can be modified even further, and so can different networking mechanisms can be combined, for example can be cured by means of UV radiation with a further crosslinking mechanism be combined. Examples of the latter combination are described in the not yet published German patent application by the same applicant P 198 187 35 and in WO-A-9800452 and DE-A-197 09 560.

Die im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren einsetzbaren Füllerbeschichtungsmittel enthalten Füllstoffe und/oder Pigmente. Es handelt sich dabei um die üblichen in der Lackindustrie einsetzbaren Füllstoffe und organischen oder anorganischen farbgebenden und/oder Korrosionsschutzpigmente. Beispiele für farbgebende Pigmente sind Titandioxid, mikronisiertes Titandioxid, Eisenoxidpigmente, Ruß, Azopigmente, Phthalocyaninpigmente, Chinacridon- oder Pyrrolopyrrolpigmente. Zinkphosphat ist ein Beispiel für ein Korrosionsschutzpigment. Beispiele für Füllstoffe sind Siliciumdioxid, Aluminiumsilikat, Bariumsulfat, Calciumcarbonat und Talkum.The filler coating compositions which can be used in the process according to the invention contain Fillers and / or pigments. These are the usual ones in the Paint industry usable fillers and organic or inorganic coloring and / or anti-corrosion pigments. Examples of coloring Pigments are titanium dioxide, micronized titanium dioxide, iron oxide pigments, carbon black, Azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, quinacridone or pyrrolopyrrole pigments. Zinc phosphate is an example of an anti-corrosion pigment. Examples of fillers are silicon dioxide, aluminum silicate, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate and talc.

Bei der Auswahl der Füllstoffe hat es sich als günstig erwiesen, in den Füllern Bariumsulfat in Mengen von mindestens 2 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das gesamte Füllerbeschichtungsmittel einzusetzen.When choosing the fillers, it has proven to be beneficial in the fillers Barium sulfate in amounts of at least 2% by weight, based on the total Filler coating agent.

Die Füllerbeschichtungsmittel können weiterhin Wasser sowie geringe Mengen an organischen Lösemitteln und lackübliche Additive enthalten.The filler coating compositions can also contain water and small amounts of contain organic solvents and paint additives.

Bei den in den Füllerbeschichtungsmitteln gegebenenfalls vorhandenen organischen Lösemitteln handelt es sich um übliche lacktechnische Lösemittel. Diese können aus der Herstellung der Bindemittel stammen oder werden separat zugegeben. Bevorzugt sind es wassermischbare Lösemittel. Beispiele für geeignete Lösemittel sind ein- oder mehrwertige Alkohole, z.B. Propanol, Butanol, Hexanol; Glykolether oder -ester, z.B. Diethylenglykoldialkylether, Dipropylenglykoldialkylether, jeweils mit C1- bis C6-Alkyl, Ethoxypropanol, Butylglykol; Glykole, z.B. Ethylenglykol, Propylenglykol und deren Oligomere, N-Methylpyrrolidon sowie Ketone, z.B. Methylethylketon, Aceton, Cyclohexanon; aromatische oder aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe. z.B. Toluol, Xylol oder lineare oder verzweigte aliphatische C6-C12-Kohlenwasserstoffe. In the case of the organic substances which may be present in the filler coating compositions Solvents are common paint solvents. These can come from the manufacture of the binders originate or are added separately. Prefers they are water-miscible solvents. Examples of suitable solvents are one or polyhydric alcohols, e.g. Propanol, butanol, hexanol; Glycol ethers or esters, e.g. Diethylene glycol dialkyl ether, dipropylene glycol dialkyl ether, each with C1- bis C6 alkyl, ethoxypropanol, butyl glycol; Glycols, e.g. Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and their oligomers, N-methylpyrrolidone and ketones, e.g. methyl ethyl ketone, Acetone, cyclohexanone; aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons. e.g. Toluene, xylene or linear or branched aliphatic C6-C12 hydrocarbons.

Die Fülleröeschichtunosmittel können desweiteren lackübliche Additive enthalten. Beispiele für lackübliche Additive sind Verlaufsmittel, rheologiebeeinflussende Mittel, wie hochdisperse Kieselsäure oder polymere Harnstoffverbindungen, Verdicker, wie anvernetzte Polycarbonsäure oder Polyurethane, Entschäumer, Netzmittel, Antikratermittel und Härtungsbeschleuniger. Die Additive werden in üblichen, dem Fachmann bekannten Mengen eingesetzt.The filler oil layer agents can also contain customary paint additives. Examples of customary paint additives are leveling agents, rheology-influencing agents, such as highly disperse silica or polymeric urea compounds, thickeners, such as cross-linked polycarboxylic acid or polyurethane, defoamers, wetting agents, Anti-cratering agent and hardening accelerator. The additives are used in the usual way Amounts known to those skilled in the art are used.

Werden mittels UV-Strahlung härtbare Bindemittel eingesetzt, dann enthalten die Füllerbeschichtungsmittel zusätzlich Photoinitiatoren, z.B. in Mengen von 0,1 bis 5 Gew.-%, bevorzugt von 0.5 bis 3 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Summe von radikalisch polymerisierbaren Prepolymeren, Reaktivverdünnern und Photoinitiatoren. Beispiele für Photoinitiatoren sind Benzoin und -derivate, Acetophenon und -derivate, z.B. 2,2-Diacetoxyacetophenon, Benzophenon und -derivate, Thioxanthon und -derivate, Anthrachinon, 1-Benzoylcyclohexanol, phosphororganische Verbindungen, wie z.B. Acylphospinoxide. Die Photoinitiatoren können allein oder in Kombination eingesetzt werden.If binders curable by means of UV radiation are used, then they contain Filler coating agents additionally photoinitiators, e.g. in amounts from 0.1 to 5 % By weight, preferably from 0.5 to 3% by weight, based on the sum of free radicals polymerizable prepolymers, reactive diluents and photoinitiators. Examples for photoinitiators are benzoin and derivatives, acetophenone and derivatives, e.g. 2,2-diacetoxyacetophenone, Benzophenone and derivatives, thioxanthone and derivatives, Anthraquinone, 1-benzoylcyclohexanol, organophosphorus compounds, e.g. Acyl phosphine oxides. The photoinitiators can be used alone or in combination become.

Bei zweikomponentigen Beschichtungsmitteln, müssen die miteinander reaktiven Bindemittelkomponenten getrennt gelagert werden und können erst kurz vor der Applikation miteinander vermischt werden.In the case of two-component coating agents, the reactive agents must be used Binder components are stored separately and can only be used shortly before Application are mixed together.

Generell kann vor der Applikation bei Bedarf mit Wasser oder organischen Lösemitteln noch auf Spritzviskosität eingestellt werden.In general, water or organic can be used before application if necessary Solvents can still be adjusted to spray viscosity.

Die Applikation der Füllerbeschichtungsmittel im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren kann nach üblichen Methoden, bevorzugt mittels Spritzapplikation erfolgen.The filler coating compositions can be applied in the process according to the invention by conventional methods, preferably by spray application.

Als Substrate sind Metall- und Kunststoffsubstrate, insbesondere die in der Automobilindustrie bekannten Substrate, geeignet, wie z.B. Eisen, Zink, Aluminium, Magnesium, Edelstahl oder deren Legierungen, sowie Polyurethane, Polycarbonate oder Polyolefine. Die Füllerschichten können auf gegebenenfalls vorbehandelte Substrate als solche oder auf übliche Grundierungen aufgebracht werden. beispielsweise auf blankes Stahlblech, geschliffen, auf Polyvinylbutyralprimer, 2K-Epoxid-Grundierungen angeschliffene Werks- oder Altlackierungen.As substrates are metal and plastic substrates, especially those in the Substrates known from the automotive industry, suitable, e.g. Iron, zinc, aluminum, Magnesium, stainless steel or their alloys, as well as polyurethanes, polycarbonates or polyolefins. The filler layers can optionally be pretreated Substrates are applied as such or on conventional primers. For example, on bare sheet steel, sanded, on polyvinyl butyral primer, 2-component epoxy primers sanded factory or old paintwork.

Nach der Applikation und einer gegebenenfalls gewährten kurzen Ablüftphase von z.B. 5 bis 15 Minuten bei Raumtemperatur erfolgt die Bestrahlung mit NIR-Strahlung. Die Bestrahlung kann dabei beispielsweise in einer mit einem NIR-Strahler ausgerüsteten Bandanlage oder mit einem NIR-Strahler, der vor dem zu bestrahlenden Objekt bzw. der zu bestrahlenden Stelle positioniert wird, durchgeführt werden.After application and a short flash-off period of e.g. Irradiation with NIR radiation takes place for 5 to 15 minutes at room temperature. The radiation can, for example, be carried out using an NIR emitter equipped conveyor system or with an NIR emitter in front of the one to be irradiated Object or the position to be irradiated is performed.

Die erstgenannte Möglichkeit bietet sich an z.B. bei der Reparaturlackierung von Einzelteilen, wobei die Bandgeschwindigkeit und damit die Bestrahlungsdauer variiert werden können. Beispielsweise können Bandgeschwindigkeiten von 1,0 bis 7.0 m/min eingestellt werden, was beispielsweise Bestrahlungszeiten von von 2 bis 20 s entsprechen kann. Der Abstand zwischen NIR-Strahler und Objektoberfläche kann z.B. 10 bis 60 cm betragen.The first option is e.g. when refinishing Individual parts, the belt speed and thus the irradiation time varies can be. For example, belt speeds from 1.0 to 7.0 m / min can be set, for example, irradiation times from 2 to 20 s can correspond. The distance between the NIR emitter and the object surface can e.g. 10 to 60 cm.

Bei der zweiten Möglichkeit wird der NIR-Strahler direkt vor dem zu bestrahlenden Objekt bzw. der zu bestrahlenden Stelle positioniert. Die Bestrahlungsdauer kann z.B. 1 bis 300 s betragen, der Objektabstand z.B. 5 bis 70 cm.In the second option, the NIR emitter is placed directly in front of the one to be irradiated Positioned object or the place to be irradiated. The radiation duration can e.g. 1 to 300 s, the object distance e.g. 5 to 70 cm.

Durch gezielte Auswahl der verschiedenen Parameter, wie Bandgeschwindigkeit, Bestrahlungsdauer und Objektabsiand, und natürlich in Abhängigkeit von der Strahlungsleistung des verwendeten NIR-Strahlers können unterschiedliche Objekttemperaturen eingestellt werden. Beispielsweise können Objekttemperaturen von 80 bis 150°C eingestellt werden.By carefully selecting the various parameters, such as belt speed, Irradiation time and object distance, and of course depending on the Radiation power of the NIR emitter used can be different Object temperatures can be set. For example, object temperatures can be set from 80 to 150 ° C.

Nach der Bestrahlung der Füllerschicht mit NIR-Strahlung kann dann gemäß der bevorzugten Ausführungsform die Endhärtung erfolgen. In Abhängigkeit vom eingesetzten Bindemittelsystem kann die Endhärtung z.B. bei Raumtemperatur, mittels Wärme, z.B. in einem Ofen oder mit IR- oder NIR-Strahlung, oder mit energiereicher Strahlung, bevorzugt UV-Strahlung erfolgen. Es können auch verschiedene Methoden miteinander kombiniert werden. Bevorzugt erfolgt die Endhärtung mit einem weiteren NIR-Bestrahlungsschritt oder bei Verwendung mittels energiereicher Strahlung härtbarer Bindemittel mittels UV-Strahlung.After irradiation of the filler layer with NIR radiation can then be carried out according to the preferred embodiment, the final curing. Depending on binder system used, the final hardening e.g. at room temperature, by means of Heat e.g. in an oven or with IR or NIR radiation, or with high energy Radiation, preferably UV radiation. You can also use different methods can be combined with each other. Final curing is preferably carried out with another NIR irradiation step or when using high-energy radiation curable binder using UV radiation.

Im Falle der Endhärtung mit NIR-Strahlung kann die Bestrahlung in ähnlicher Weise wie vorstehend bereits beschrieben durchgeführt werden, d.h. es schließt sich eine weitere Bestrahlunesphase oder ein weiterer Banddurchlauf an. Die Bestrahlungszeiten können je nach Bedarf variiert werden. Sie können beispielsweise im Bereich von 1 bis 300 Sekunden liegen.In the case of final curing with NIR radiation, the irradiation can be carried out in a similar way as already described above, i.e. one closes another irradiation phase or another belt run. The radiation times can be varied as required. For example, you can range from 1 up to 300 seconds.

Im Falle der Endhärtung mit UV-Strahlung kann die Füllerschicht bevorzugt mit UV-Strahlungsquellen mit Emissionen im Wellenlängenbereich von 180 bis 420 nm, insbesondere von 200 bis 400 nm bestrahlt werden. Beipiele für einsetzbare UV-Strahlungsquellen sind z.B. Quecksilberhochdruck-, mitteldruck- und -niederdruckstrahler sowie dotierte Strahler wie Eisen- oder Galliumquecksilberlampen. Weitere Beispiele für UV-Strahlungsquellen sind Gasentladungsröhren, wie z.B. Xenonniederdrucklampen, UV-Laser, UV-Punktstrahler, wie z.B. UV-emittierende Dioden und Schwarzlichtröhren. Neben diesen kontinuierlich arbeitenden UV-Strahlungsquellen können jedoch auch diskontinuierliche UV-Strahlungsquellen eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugt handelt es sich hierbei um sogenannte Hocheneraieblitzeinrichtungen (kurz: UV-Blitzlampen).In the case of final curing with UV radiation, the filler layer can preferably be used with UV radiation sources with emissions in the wavelength range from 180 to 420 nm, be irradiated in particular from 200 to 400 nm. Examples for usable UV radiation sources are e.g. High pressure, medium pressure and mercury -Low-pressure lamps and doped lamps such as iron or Galliumquecksilberlampen. Other examples of UV radiation sources are Gas discharge tubes, e.g. Xenon low pressure lamps, UV lasers, UV spotlights, such as. UV-emitting diodes and black light tubes. Next However, these continuously working UV radiation sources can also discontinuous UV radiation sources are used. It is preferred so-called high-energy flash devices (in short: UV flash lamps).

Die Bestrahlungsdauer mit UV-Strahlung kann beim Einsatz von UV-Blitzlampen als UV-Strahlungsquelle beispielsweise im Bereich von 1 Millisekunde bis 400 Sekunden. bevorzugt von 4 bis 160 Sekunden, je nach Anzahl der gewählten Blitzentladungen, liegen. Die Blitze können beispielsweise ca. alle 4 s ausgelöst werden. Die Härtung kann beispielsweise durch. 1 bis 40 aufeinanderfolgende Blitzentladungen erfolgen. Beim Einsatz kontinuierlicher UV-Strahlungsquellen kann die Bestrahlungsdauer beispielsweise im Bereich 1 Millisekunde bis von einigen Sekunden bis etwa 5 Minuten. bevorzugt unter 5 Minuten liegen. Der Abstand der UV-Strahlungsquellen zur zu bestrahlenden Substratoberfläche kann beispielsweise 5 bis 60 cm betragen. UV-Strahlungsquellen und UV-Technlogie sind dem Fachmann bekannt. The duration of exposure to UV radiation can be considered when using UV flash lamps UV radiation source, for example, in the range from 1 millisecond to 400 seconds. preferably from 4 to 160 seconds, depending on the number of selected lightning discharges, lie. The flashes can be triggered, for example, every 4 s. curing can for example by. 1 to 40 successive lightning discharges. When using continuous UV radiation sources, the duration of the radiation can be for example in the range from 1 millisecond to from a few seconds to about 5 Minutes. are preferably less than 5 minutes. The distance of the UV radiation sources to the substrate surface to be irradiated can be, for example, 5 to 60 cm. UV radiation sources and UV technology are known to the person skilled in the art.

Es ist auch möglich, jedoch weniger bevorzugt, die Trocknung und Härtung der Füllerschicht mit einem einzigen NIR-Bestrahlungsschritt zu realisieren. Die Bestrahlungszeiten können dann beispielsweise 5 bis 300 Sekunden betragen.It is also possible, but less preferred, to dry and harden the Realize filler layer with a single NIR irradiation step. The Irradiation times can then be, for example, 5 to 300 seconds.

Nach der Härtung werden die Füllerschichten mit einer Decklackschicht überlackiert. Bei der Decklackschicht kann es sich um pigmentierte Einschichtdecklacke oder um einen Basislack/Klarlack-Zweischichtaufbau handeln. Es kann mit lösemittelbasierenden oder wasserbasierenden Beschichtungsmitteln überlackiert werden.After curing, the filler layers are overcoated with a top coat. The topcoat layer can be pigmented single-layer topcoats or trade a basecoat / clearcoat two-coat system. It can with solvent-based or water-based coating agents overcoated become.

Für die Basislack/Klarlack-Deckbeschichtung einsetzbare farb- und/oder effektgebende Basislacke sind alle in der Fahrzeuglackierung, insbesondere der Reparaturlackierung, üblichen und dem Fachmann bekannten lösemittel- oder wasserbasierenden Basislacke geeignet. Beispiele für lösemittelbasierende Basislacke sind solche auf Basis von Polyacrylat- und/oder Polyesterharzen, gegebenenfalls in Kombination mit Melaminharzen und Celluloseestern. Beispiele für Wasserbasislacke sind solche auf Basis physikalisch trocknender Polyurethan-, Polyurethan/harnstoff-, Polyester-, Polyesterurethan- und/oder Polyacrylatharze sowie deren Modifizierungen, wie z.B. acrylierter oder siliziummodifizierter Polyurethan- und/oder Polyesterharze. Weiterhin kommen Wasserbasislacke aus chemisch vernetzenden Bindemittelkomponenten, z.B. aus hydroxylgruppenhaltigen Bindemitteln und Polyisocyanatvemetzern, in Frage. Die Härtung der Basislackschicht kann bei Raumtemperatur oder forciert bei beispielsweise 40 bis 80°C erfolgen. Die Basislackschicht kann jedoch auch naß-innaß, gegebenenfalls nach einer kurzen Ablüftphase mit einem Klarlack überlackiert und dann gemeinsam mit dem Klarlack gehärtet werden.Color and / or effect paint can be used for the basecoat / clearcoat topcoat Basecoats are all in vehicle painting, especially refinishing, usual solvent-based or water-based basecoats known to those skilled in the art suitable. Examples of solvent-based basecoats are those based on Polyacrylate and / or polyester resins, optionally in combination with Melamine resins and cellulose esters. Examples of waterborne basecoats are such Based on physically drying polyurethane, polyurethane / urea, polyester, Polyester urethane and / or polyacrylate resins and their modifications, such as acrylated or silicon-modified polyurethane and / or polyester resins. Farther come waterborne basecoats from chemically crosslinking binder components, e.g. from binders containing hydroxyl groups and polyisocyanate crosslinkers. The basecoat film can be cured at room temperature or forced for example, 40 to 80 ° C. However, the basecoat can also be wet-in-wet, if necessary, overcoated with a clear varnish after a short flash-off phase and then cured together with the clear coat.

Für die Basislack/Klarlack-Deckbeschichtung einsetzbare Klarlacke sind alle in der Fahrzeuglackierung, insbesondere der Reparaturlackierung üblichen und dem Fachmann bekannten lösemittel- oder wasserbasierenden Klarlacke geeignet. Beispiele hierfür sind lösemittelbasierende oder wäßrige Klarlacke auf Basis hydroxylgruppenhaltiger und/oder aminoaruppenhaltiger Bindemittel und Polyisocyanatvernetzer sowie auf Basis aminogruppenhaltiger und acryloylgruppenhaltiger Bindemittel.Clearcoats that can be used for the basecoat / clearcoat topcoat are all in the Vehicle painting, especially the repair painting usual and the Suitable solvent-based or water-based clearcoats known to those skilled in the art. Examples this is based on solvent-based or aqueous clear coats binders containing hydroxyl groups and / or amino groups and Polyisocyanate crosslinking agents and based on amino groups and binder containing acryloyl groups.

Für die Deckbeschichtung einsetzbare pigmentierte Einschichtdecklacke sind alle in der Fahrzeuglackierung, insbesondere der Reparaturlackierung üblichen und dem Fachmann bekannten lösemittel- oder wasserbasierenden Einschichtdecklacke geeignet. Beispiele hierfür sind lösemittelbasierende oder wäßrige Einschichtdecklacke auf Basis hydroxylgruppenhaltiger und/oder aminogruppenhaltiger Bindemittel und Polyisocyanarvernetzer sowie auf Basis aminogruppenhaltiger und acryloylgruppenhaltiger Bindemittel.Pigmented single-layer topcoats that can be used for the top coat are all in the vehicle painting, especially the repair painting usual and the Solvent- or water-based single-layer topcoats known to those skilled in the art suitable. Examples of this are solvent-based or aqueous single-layer topcoats based on binders containing hydroxyl groups and / or amino groups and Polyisocyanar crosslinking agents and based on amino groups and binder containing acryloyl groups.

Die Decklackschichten (Klarlack, Basislack/Klarlack naß-in-naß, Einschichtdecklack) können beipielsweise über längere Zeit, z.B. innerhalb von 18 Stunden (über Nacht), bei Raumtemperatur getrocknet werden. Sie können jedoch auch, gegebenenfalls nach einer Ablüftzeit von etwa 10 bis 30 Minuten, einer Trocknung bei höheren Temperaturen, beispielsweise während 20 bis 50 Minuten bei z.B. 40 bis 60°C, unterzogen werden.The top coat layers (clear coat, basecoat / clear coat wet-on-wet, one-coat top coat) For example, over a long period of time, e.g. within 18 hours (overnight), be dried at room temperature. However, you can also, if necessary, after a flash-off time of about 10 to 30 minutes, drying at higher Temperatures, e.g. for 20 to 50 minutes at e.g. 40 to 60 ° C, be subjected.

Ebenso ist es möglich, die Decklackschichten bei Verwendung entsprechender Bindemittel mittels energiereicher Strahlung, bevorzugt UV-Strahlung zu härten. Bei den hier zu verwendenden Bindemitteln handelt es sich um die bereits vorstehend genannten mittels energiereicher Strahlung zumindest teilweise aushärtbaren Bindemittel.It is also possible to use the top coat layers when using appropriate Harden binders by means of high-energy radiation, preferably UV radiation. at The binders to be used here are those already mentioned above mentioned at least partially curable by means of high-energy radiation Binder.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren findet bevorzugt Anwendung in der Fahrzeug- und Fahrzeugteilelackierung, insbesondere in der Fahrzeugreparaturlackierung. Es kann jedoch auch in der Fahrzeugserienlackierung, insbesondere bei Reparaturlackierungen in der Fahrzeugserienlackierung, angewendet werden.The method according to the invention is preferably used in vehicle and Vehicle parts painting, especially in vehicle refinishing. It can however, also in vehicle series painting, especially for refinishing in vehicle series painting.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erzeugte Füllerschichten sind nach abgeschlossener Härtung sehr gut naß und trocken schleifbar. Es wird eine gleichmäßige reproduzierbare Qualität der Füllerschicht bezüglich Zwischenschichthaftung und Oberflächenqualität auch bei variierenden äußeren Bedingungen, insbesondere bei sehr unterschiedlicher Luftfeuchtigkeit, erzielt. Ebenso ist eine gleichmäßige Qualität der Lackierung, insbesondere bezüglich Optik und Verlauf, auch an kritischen Stellen wie Sikken oder Kanten gewährleistet. Von Vorteil ist natürlich auch die extrem kurze Trockenzeit, die mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erzielt wird. Erfolgt die Endhärtung ebenfalls mit NIR-Strahlung oder auch mit UV-Strahlung, wird auch dieser Prozeßschritt extrem verkürzt. Die Durchlaufzeiten beispielsweise in einer Reparaturlackierwerkstatt können dadurch wesentlich verkürzt werden, was die Rentabilität der Werkstatt insgesamt verbessert.Filler layers produced with the method according to the invention are according to Completed curing very good wet and dry grindable. It will be one uniform reproducible quality of the filler layer Interlayer adhesion and surface quality even with varying external Conditions, especially when the humidity is very different. As well is a uniform quality of the paint, especially with regard to appearance and Course, also guaranteed in critical places such as sikken or edges. Advantageous is of course also the extremely short drying time that with the invention Procedure is achieved. Is the final hardening also done with NIR radiation or with UV radiation, this process step is also extremely shortened. The Throughput times, for example in a refinishing workshop, can be reduced be significantly shortened, which improves the overall profitability of the workshop.

Die Erfindung soll an Hand der folgenden Beispiele näher erläutert werden.The invention is illustrated by the following examples.

1. Beispiel1st example

Es wurde ein Füllerbeschichtungsmittel auf Basis eines wasserverdünnbaren Zweikomponenten (2K-) Epoxid/Amin-Systems entsprechend DE-A-196 25 345, Beispiel Füller 1 hergestellt. Der Füller wurde auf einen entsprechend vorbereiteten, mit einer üblichen Grundierung beschichteten Kotflügel eines Kraftfahrzeuges in einer resultierenden Trockenfilmschichtdicke von etwa 80 µm bei 40 % und bei 70 % relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit aufgebracht. Nach 10 Minuten Ablüftzeit bei Raumtemperatur erfolgte jeweils die Bestrahlung mit einem NIR-Strahler (500 W/cm2) zur Trocknung der Füller. Der Abstand Strahler/Objekt betrug jeweils 10 cm, die Bestrahlungszeit 10 s. Die Endhärtung der Füller erfolgte nach 5 Minuten mit einem zweiten NIR-Bestrahlungsschritt unter gleichen Bedingungen, jedoch mit einer Bestrahlungszeit von jeweils 15 s.A filler coating composition based on a water-dilutable two-component (2K) epoxy / amine system was produced in accordance with DE-A-196 25 345, example filler 1. The filler was applied to a suitably prepared fender of a motor vehicle coated with a conventional primer in a resulting dry film thickness of approximately 80 μm at 40% and at 70% relative air humidity. After a flash-off time of 10 minutes at room temperature, irradiation was carried out with an NIR emitter (500 W / cm 2 ) to dry the fillers. The distance between the radiator and the object was 10 cm, the irradiation time 10 s. The fillers were finally cured after 5 minutes with a second NIR irradiation step under the same conditions, but with an irradiation time of 15 s each.

Auf die gehärteten Füllerschichten wurde jeweils ein Wasserbasislack (hergestellt entsprechend DE-A-196 43 802 , Herstellungsbeispiel 4 ) in einer resultierenden Trockenfilmschichtdicke von 13 bis 15 µm appliziert. Nach einer Ablüftphase von 25 Minuten bei Raumtemperatur, wurde jeweils ein lösemittelbasierender Klarlack (Basis OH-funktionelles Acrylatharz/Polyisocyanatvernetzer) in einer resultierenden Trockenfilmschichtdicke von 50 µm appliziert. Nach einer Ablüftphase von 10 Minuten bei Raumtemperatur erfolgte jeweils die gemeinsame Härtung von Basislack und Klarlack innerhalb von 30 Minuten bei 60°C.A water-based lacquer (was prepared in each case on the hardened filler layers according to DE-A-196 43 802, preparation example 4) in a resulting Dry film thickness of 13 to 15 µm applied. After a flash-off phase of 25 Minutes at room temperature, a solvent-based clear coat (base OH-functional acrylic resin / polyisocyanate crosslinker) in a resulting Dry film layer thickness of 50 µm applied. After a flash-off phase of 10 The base coat was cured together at room temperature for minutes and clear coat within 30 minutes at 60 ° C.

2. Beispiel2nd example

Es wurde ein Füller auf Basis eines mittels UV-Strahlung härtbaren Bindemittelsystems hergestellt. Folgende Komponenten wurden dazu miteinander vermischt und mittels Schnellrührer einige Minuten homogenisiert (alle Angaben beziehen sich auf das Gewicht): 131 Teile eines handelsüblichen aromatischen Epoxyacrylates (Ebecryl ® 600 von UCB) 56 Teile Hexandioldiacrylat 9 Teile eines handelsüblichen Haftvermittlers 127 Teile handelsüblicher Schwerspat 126 Teile handelsübliches Kaolin 6,1 Teile einer Mischung handelsüblicher Photoinitiatoren (Arylphosphinoxid- und Acetophenonderivat) 113 Teile Butylacetat A filler was produced on the basis of a binder system curable by means of UV radiation. The following components were mixed together and homogenized for a few minutes using a high-speed stirrer (all information relates to the weight): 131 Parts of a commercially available aromatic epoxy acrylate (Ebecryl ® 600 from UCB) 56 Parts of hexanediol diacrylate 9 Parts of a commercially available adhesion promoter 127 Parts of commercially available heavy spar 126 Share commercial kaolin 6.1 Parts of a mixture of commercially available photoinitiators (arylphosphine oxide and acetophenone derivative) 113 Parts of butyl acetate

Der Füller wurde auf einen entsprechend vorbereiteten, mit einer üblichen Grundierung beschichteten Kotflügel eines Kraftfahrzeuges in einer resultierenden Trockenfilmschichtdicke von etwa 60 µm bei 40 % und bei 70 % relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit aufgebracht. Nach 10 Minuten Ablüftzeit bei Raumtemperatur erfolgt jeweils die Bestrahlung mit einem NIR-Strahler (500 W/cm2). Der Abstand Strahler/Objekt betrug 10 cm, die Bestrahlungszeit jeweils 10 s.The filler was applied to a suitably prepared fender of a motor vehicle coated with a conventional primer in a resulting dry film layer thickness of approximately 60 μm at 40% and at 70% relative atmospheric humidity. After a flash-off time of 10 minutes at room temperature, irradiation is carried out with an NIR emitter (500 W / cm 2 ). The emitter / object distance was 10 cm, the irradiation time was 10 s each.

Nach 5 Minuten erfolgte die Endhärtung durch Bestrahlen mit UV-Licht mittels einer UV-Blitzlampe (3500 Ws). Es wurde jeweils mit 30 Blitzen (ca. 120 s) in einem Abstand von etwa 20 cm bestrahlt. After 5 minutes, the final curing was carried out by irradiation with UV light using a UV flash lamp (3500 Ws). It was fired with 30 flashes (approx. 120 s) in one Irradiated distance of about 20 cm.

Vergleich der lacktechnischen ErgebnisseComparison of the paint results

Die gemäß Beispiel 1 und 2 mit dem Füller beschichteten Kotflügel zeigen sowohl bei 40 % relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit als auch bei 70 % relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit am gesamten Objekt einschließlich Sicken und Kamen eine einheitliche gleichmäßige Oberflächenqualität. Beispiel 1 Beispiel 2 Schleifbarkeit gut gut Haftung Füller/Untergrund 2 2 Haftung Füller/Decklack 2 2 Haftung nach Feucht/Warm-Test 2 2 Optik (Fülle, Glanz, Verlauf) i.O. i.O. The mudguards coated with the filler according to Examples 1 and 2 show a uniform, uniform surface quality both at 40% relative air humidity and at 70% relative air humidity on the entire object, including beads and edges. example 1 Example 2 grindability Good Good liability Filler / underground 2 2 liability Filler / topcoat 2 2 liability after wet / warm test 2 2 Optics (fullness, gloss, gradient) iO iO

Es wurden in den Beispielen 1 und 2 jeweils bei 40 und 70 % relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit die gleichen oben genannten Ergebnisse erzielt.In Examples 1 and 2 it was relative at 40 and 70%, respectively Humidity achieved the same results above.

Claims (10)

  1. Method for producing multi-layer lacquers, a filler coating agent being applied to an optionally pre-coated substrate and subsequently cured, a top lacquer layer comprising a colour-imparting and/or effect-imparting base lacquer coating agent and a clear lacquer coating agent or a pigmented one-coat top lacquer coating agent being applied to the obtained filler layer and cured, characterised in that, after application of the filler coating agent, the filler layer, which has not yet been cured, is irradiated with NIR radiation in the wavelength range of 760 to 1500 nm.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that an aqueous filler coating agent is used.
  3. Method according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that it is carried out for refinishing motor vehicle bodies or parts thereof.
  4. Method according to claim 1, claim 2 or claim 3, characterised in that, prior to the NIR irradiation, the aqueous filler layer, which has not yet been cured, is subjected to air ventilation.
  5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the NIR irradiation is carried out for the purposes of drying.
  6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the NIR irradiation is carried out in one or more irradiation steps, leading up to the final curing.
  7. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the final curing is carried out following the NIR irradiation at room temperature, forced at more elevated temperatures, by means of UV irradiation or IR irradiation.
  8. Use of NIR radiation in the wavelength range of 760 to 1500 nm, for irradiating filler layers in the multi-layer lacquering of substrates.
  9. Use according to claim 8 for the purposes of drying or curing aqueous filler layers.
  10. Use according to either claim 8 or claim 9 in the refinishing of motor vehicle bodies or parts thereof.
EP00909361A 1999-03-25 2000-03-14 Method for producing multi-layer paint coatings Revoked EP1087843B1 (en)

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DE19913446A DE19913446C2 (en) 1999-03-25 1999-03-25 Process for multi-layer painting
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PCT/EP2000/002231 WO2000058026A1 (en) 1999-03-25 2000-03-14 Method for producing multi-layer paint coatings

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WO2000058026A1 (en) 2000-10-05
US6432491B1 (en) 2002-08-13
DE50009004D1 (en) 2005-01-27

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