EP1087843A1 - Method for producing multi-layer paint coatings - Google Patents

Method for producing multi-layer paint coatings

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Publication number
EP1087843A1
EP1087843A1 EP00909361A EP00909361A EP1087843A1 EP 1087843 A1 EP1087843 A1 EP 1087843A1 EP 00909361 A EP00909361 A EP 00909361A EP 00909361 A EP00909361 A EP 00909361A EP 1087843 A1 EP1087843 A1 EP 1087843A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
irradiation
radiation
filler
layer
nir radiation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00909361A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1087843B1 (en
Inventor
Karsten Blatter
Werner Lenhard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EIDP Inc
Original Assignee
EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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Application filed by EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co filed Critical EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Publication of EP1087843A1 publication Critical patent/EP1087843A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
    • B05D3/0254—After-treatment
    • B05D3/0263—After-treatment with IR heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50—Multilayers
    • B05D7/52—Two layers
    • B05D7/53—Base coat plus clear coat type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for multi-layer painting with in particular
  • Water-based paints which are used in particular in the field of vehicle refinishing.
  • the developed water-based paints have already reached a quality level that makes them equal to the solvent-based paints in a number of properties.
  • some properties have not yet reached the quality level of solvent-based paints.
  • insufficient grindability is found.
  • the object of the invention was therefore to provide a process for multi-layer coating, in particular for vehicle refinishing, which also makes it possible to use water-based filler coating compositions
  • the uniform quality of the coating should also be ensured, in particular, under strongly varying environmental conditions during application, such as, for example, the air humidity. Uniform coating quality should also be provided at critical points such as sikken or edges. Furthermore, the filler layers obtained should be easy and quick to sand. It has been shown that this object can be achieved if a filler layer applied to an optionally precoated substrate is irradiated with NIR radiation. The invention therefore relates to the use of NIR radiation for irradiating filler layers in the multi-layer coating of substrates.
  • the NIR radiation (near infrared) used according to the invention is short-wave infrared radiation in the wavelength range from approximately 760 to approximately 1500 nm, preferably 760 to 1200 nm.
  • Another object of the invention is a process for multi-layer coating, in which a surface coating agent is applied to an optionally precoated substrate and then cured, a top coat layer comprising a coloring and / or effect-imparting base coat and a clear coat coating agent or a pigmented coat is applied to the filler layer obtained
  • Single-coat topcoat is applied and cured, which is characterized in that after application of the filler coating agent, the not yet cured filler layer is irradiated with NIR radiation in the wavelength range from 800 to 1500 nm.
  • an aqueous surface coating agent is applied.
  • solvent-based coating agents it is also possible to use solvent-based coating agents.
  • the filler layer which has not yet hardened can optionally be subjected to a flash-off phase.
  • the irradiation with NIR radiation is carried out to dry the, in particular, aqueous filler layer.
  • the aqueous filler layer (final hardening) can be hardened using a suitable Häraingsclar. For example, it can be forced at room temperature higher temperatures, by irradiation with UV or IR or NIR radiation. Final curing is preferably carried out using UV or NIR radiation.
  • NIR radiation in general for drying paints and varnishes is known.
  • the following areas of application are mentioned, for example: printing industry, film drying, pipe drying, wood coatings, powder coatings.
  • the particular advantages of NIR technology are the very rapid drying, especially with water-based paints, and the gentle drying through low heating of the substrate. None is known about possible applications of this technology in vehicle painting, in particular vehicle refinishing.
  • the object of the present invention can be achieved by using NIR radiation for drying and curing, in particular, water-based filler layers in a multilayer structure. It was equally surprising that the filler could be dried directly with NIR radiation. On account of the high layer thickness and the filler surface that closes quickly due to the radiation, it was rather to be expected that a considerable gradient of properties would arise from the film surface to the interface with the substrate with regard to hardness, grindability and adhesion.
  • the irradiation with NIR radiation carried out in the method according to the invention can be carried out with a customary high-energy NIR radiator.
  • NIR emitters are commercially available (for example from Industrie SerVis). These are, for example, high-performance halogen lamps with a radiation density of generally more than 1 W / cm 2 , preferably more than 10 W / cm 2 , for example up to 15 MW / m 2 .
  • the emitters reach one, for example
  • Radiator surface temperature of over 2000 K, for example from 2000 to 3000 K.
  • Suitable radiators have, for example, an emission spectrum a maximum between 750 and 1200 nm.
  • a flash-off phase can be switched on before irradiation with NIR radiation.
  • the flash-off phase can be carried out in the usual way, for example by letting it stand in the air or by inflating air e.g. at
  • the coating compositions which can be used in the process according to the invention are conventional water-based fillers known to those skilled in the art, such as are used in the field of vehicle painting, in particular vehicle refinishing.
  • the coating compositions contain water-dilutable binders.
  • the water-dilutable binders are the customary binders known to those skilled in the art for this purpose. For example, it can be a one-component or two-component water-dilutable binder system.
  • one-component binder systems are those based on polyurethane, polyacrylate, polyester and / or epoxy resins.
  • the one-component binder systems can e.g. be physically or oxidatively drying.
  • two-component crosslinkable binder systems are those based on hydroxy-functional binders, such as e.g. Polyurethane, polyester urethane and / or polyacrylate polyols, and polyisocyanates, based on epoxy / polyamide systems, based on acetoacetyl-functional and (meth) acryloyl-functional binders, and on the basis of acryloyl-functional or acryloyl- and glycidyl-functional binders and polyamines.
  • hydroxy-functional binders such as e.g. Polyurethane, polyester urethane and / or polyacrylate polyols, and polyisocyanates, based on epoxy / polyamide systems, based on acetoacetyl-functional and (meth) acryloyl-functional binders, and on the basis of acryloyl-functional or acryloyl- and glycidyl-functional binders and polyamines.
  • Water-thinnable ones with high energy content can also be used.
  • UV radiation at least partially curable binders.
  • These are preferably free-radically curable binders.
  • Both preferred free-radically curing binders can be prepolymers, such as poly- or oligomers, which have free-radically polymerizable olefinic double bonds, in particular in the form of (meth) acryloyl groups in the molecule.
  • the prepolymers can be in combination with reactive diluents, ie reactive liquid monomers.
  • prepolymers or oligomers are (meth) acryloyl-functional (meth) acrylic copolymers, epoxy resin (meth) acrylates, polyester (meth) acrylates, polyether (meth) acrylates, polymethane (meth) acrylates, unsaturated polyesters, unsaturated polyurethanes or silicone (meth) acrylates with mediators
  • Mn Molecular masses (Mn) preferably in the range from 200 to 10,000, particularly preferably from 500 to 3000 and with an average of 2 to 20, preferably 3 to 10, free-radically polymerizable, olefinic double bonds per molecule.
  • reactive diluents are used in amounts of 1 to 50% by weight, preferably 5 to 30% by weight, based on the total weight of prepolymers and reactive diluents. These are defined low-molecular compounds that can be mono-, di- or polyunsaturated. Examples of such reactive diluents are: (meth) acrylic acid and its esters, maleic acid and its half esters, vinyl acetate, vinyl ether, substituted vinyl ureas, ethylene and
  • UV-curable binders are e.g. those described in DE-A-41 33 290.
  • binder systems mentioned here for coating compositions are merely an exemplary list.
  • the binder systems can also be modified further, and so can different crosslinking mechanisms can be combined with one another, for example curing with UV radiation can be combined with a further crosslinking mechanism. Examples of the latter combination are described in the as yet unpublished German patent application by the same applicant P 198 187 35 and in WO-A-9800452 and DE-A-197 09 560.
  • the coating compositions which can be used in the process according to the invention contain fillers and / or pigments. These are the usual fillers and organic or inorganic coloring and / or anti-corrosion pigments that can be used in the paint industry. Examples of coloring
  • Pigments are titanium dioxide, micronized titanium dioxide, iron oxide pigments, carbon black, azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, quinacridone or pyrrolopyrrole pigments.
  • Zinc phosphate is an example of an anti-corrosion pigment.
  • fillers are silicon dioxide, aluminum silicate, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate and talc.
  • the coating compositions can furthermore contain water and small amounts of organic solvents and additives customary in paint.
  • the organic solvents which may be present in the filler coating compositions are customary paint solvents. These can originate from the production of the binders or are added separately. They are preferably water-miscible solvents.
  • suitable solvents are monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, e.g. Propanol, butanol, hexanol; Glycol ethers or esters, e.g. Diethylene glycol dialkyl ether, dipropylene glycol dialkyl ether, each with Cl to C6 alkyl, ethoxypropanol, butyl glycol; Glycols, e.g. Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and their oligomers, N-methylpyrrolidone and ketones, e.g. Methyl ethyl ketone,
  • the coating compositions can furthermore contain customary paint additives.
  • customary paint additives are leveling agents, rheology-influencing agents, such as highly disperse silica or polymeric urea compounds, thickeners, such as crosslinked polycarboxylic acid or polyurethanes, defoamers, wetting agents,
  • Anti-cratering agent and hardening accelerator are used in customary amounts known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the coating compositions additionally contain photoinitiators, e.g. in amounts from 0.1 to 5
  • % By weight, preferably from 0.5 to 3% by weight, based on the sum of free-radically polymerizable prepolymers, reactive diluents and photoinitiators.
  • photoinitiators are benzoin and derivatives, acetophenone and derivatives, e.g. 2,2-diacetoxyacetophenone, benzophenone and derivatives, thioxanthone and derivatives, anthraquinone, 1-benzoylcyclohexanol, organophosphorus compounds such as e.g.
  • the photoinitiators can be used alone or in combination.
  • the binder components which are reactive with one another must be stored separately and can only be used shortly before
  • spray viscosity can be adjusted with water or organic solvents before application.
  • the application of the coating compositions in the process according to the invention can be carried out by customary methods, preferably by means of spray application.
  • Suitable substrates are metal and plastic substrates, in particular the substrates known in the automotive industry, such as Iron, zinc, aluminum,
  • the filler layers can optionally be pretreated Substrates are applied as such or to customary primers, for example on bare steel sheet, sanded, on polyvinyl butyral primer, 2K epoxy primers, sanded factory or old paintwork.
  • Irradiation with NIR radiation takes place for 5 to 15 minutes at room temperature.
  • the irradiation can be carried out, for example, in a conveyor system equipped with an NIR emitter or with an NIR emitter that is positioned in front of the object to be irradiated or the location to be irradiated.
  • the first option is available e.g. when refinishing individual parts, whereby the belt speed and thus the irradiation time can be varied.
  • belt speeds of 1.0 to 7.0 m / min can be set, which can correspond, for example, to irradiation times of 2 to 20 s.
  • the distance between the NIR emitter and the object surface can e.g. 10 to 60 cm.
  • the NIR radiator is positioned directly in front of the object or location to be irradiated.
  • the exposure time can e.g. 1 to 300 s, the object distance e.g. 5 to 70 cm.
  • object temperatures can be set. For example, object temperatures of 80 to 150 ° C can be set.
  • the final hardening can then take place in accordance with the preferred embodiment.
  • the final hardening can e.g. at room temperature, by means of
  • Heat for example in an oven or with IR or NIR radiation, or with high-energy radiation, preferably UV radiation. You can also use different methods can be combined with each other. Final curing is preferably carried out using a further NIR irradiation step or, if using binders curable by means of high-energy radiation, using UV radiation.
  • the irradiation can be carried out in a similar manner as described above, i.e. a further irradiation phase or a further band pass follows.
  • the irradiation times can be varied as required. For example, they can range from 1 to 300 seconds.
  • the filler layer can preferably be irradiated with UV radiation sources with emissions in the wavelength range from 180 to 420 nm, in particular from 200 to 400 nm.
  • UV radiation sources are e.g. High-pressure, medium-pressure and low-pressure mercury lamps as well as doped lamps such as iron or
  • UV radiation sources are gas discharge tubes, e.g. Xenon low pressure lamps, UV lasers, UV spot lamps, e.g. UN-emitting diodes and black light tubes.
  • discontinuous UN radiation sources can also be used. These are preferably so-called high-energy flash devices (in short: UV flash lamps).
  • the exposure time to UN radiation when using UN flash lamps as the UV radiation source can be, for example, in the range from 1 millisecond to 400 seconds, preferably from 4 to 160 seconds, depending on the number of flash discharges selected.
  • the flashes can be triggered, for example, every 4 s.
  • the hardening can, for example, by. 1 to 40 successive lightning discharges.
  • the radiation duration can be, for example, in the range from 1 millisecond to from a few seconds to about 5 minutes, preferably less than 5 minutes.
  • the distance between the UV radiation sources and the substrate surface to be irradiated can be, for example, 5 to 60 cm.
  • UV radiation sources and UN technology are known to the person skilled in the art. It is also possible, but less preferred, to carry out the drying and curing of the filler layer using a single NIR irradiation step. The irradiation times can then be, for example, 5 to 300 seconds.
  • the topcoat layer can be pigmented single-layer topcoats or a basecoat / clearcoat two-layer structure. It can be painted over with solvent-based or water-based coating agents.
  • Color and / or effect basecoats which can be used for the basecoat / clearcoat topcoat are all suitable in vehicle painting, especially refinishing, and solvent-based or water-based basecoats known to those skilled in the art.
  • solvent-based basecoats are those based on
  • waterborne basecoats are those based on physically drying polyurethane, polyurethane / urea, polyester, polyester urethane and / or polyacrylate resins and their modifications, such as acrylated or silicon-modified polyurethane and / or polyester resins.
  • waterborne basecoats come from chemically crosslinking binder components, e.g. from binders containing hydroxyl groups and polyisocyanate crosslinkers.
  • the basecoat film can be cured at room temperature or forced at, for example, 40 to 80 ° C. However, the basecoat film can also be coated wet-on-wet, if necessary after a short flash-off phase, with a clear coat and then cured together with the clear coat.
  • Clearcoats which can be used for the basecoat / clearcoat topcoat are all suitable for vehicle painting, in particular repair painting, and solvent-based or water-based clearcoats known to those skilled in the art. Examples of these are solvent-based or aqueous clear lacquers based on binders containing hydroxyl groups and / or amino groups and Polyisocyanatvemetz ⁇ r and based on amino group-containing and acryloyl group-containing binders.
  • Pigmented single-layer topcoats which can be used for the topcoat are all customary in vehicle painting, in particular repair painting
  • Suitable solvent-based or water-based single-layer topcoats known to those skilled in the art. Examples of these are solvent-based or aqueous single-layer topcoats based on binders containing hydroxyl groups and / or amino groups and polyisocyanate crosslinkers and on binders based on binders containing amino groups and acryloyl groups.
  • topcoat layers can for example be used over a longer period of time, e.g. be dried within 18 hours (overnight) at room temperature. However, you can also, if necessary after a flash-off time of about 10 to 30 minutes, dry at higher temperatures
  • Temperatures e.g. for 20 to 50 minutes at e.g. 40 to 60 ° C, are subjected.
  • topcoat layers by using high-energy radiation, preferably UV radiation, if appropriate binders are used.
  • high-energy radiation preferably UV radiation
  • binders to be used here are the binders already mentioned above, which are at least partially curable by means of high-energy radiation.
  • the inventive method is preferably used in vehicle and
  • Vehicle parts painting especially in vehicle refinishing. However, it can also be used in vehicle series painting, in particular for repair painting in vehicle series painting.
  • Filler layers produced with the method according to the invention can be ground very well wet and dry after curing. There will be a uniform, reproducible quality of the fuller layer Interlayer adhesion and surface quality also achieved under varying external conditions, in particular with very harmless atmospheric humidity. Likewise, a uniform quality of the coating, especially with regard to appearance and flow, is also guaranteed at critical points such as sikken or edges. Of course, the extremely short drying time, which is achieved with the method according to the invention, is also advantageous. If the final hardening is also carried out with NIR radiation or also with UV radiation, this process step is also extremely shortened. The throughput times, for example in a repair shop, can thereby be significantly reduced, which improves the overall profitability of the workshop.
  • the room temperature was irradiated with an NIR radiator (500 W / cm 2 ) to dry the fillers.
  • the distance between the lamp and the object was 10 cm, the irradiation time 10 s.
  • the fillers were finally cured after 5 minutes with a second NIR irradiation step under the same conditions, but with an irradiation time of 15 s each.
  • a water-based lacquer (produced in accordance with DE-A-196 43 802, position example 4) was applied to the hardened filler layers in a resulting dry film layer thickness of 13 to 15 ⁇ m. After a flash-off phase of 25 minutes at room temperature, a solvent-based clear coat (base
  • a filler was produced on the basis of a binder system curable by means of UN radiation.
  • the following components were mixed with one another and homogenized for a few minutes using a high-speed stirrer (all information relates to the weight):
  • the filler was prepared for one with a customary one
  • Dry film thickness of around 60 ⁇ m at 40% and at 70% relative
  • Spotlight / object was 10 cm, the irradiation time was 10 s each.
  • the fenders coated with the filler according to Examples 1 and 2 show a uniform surface quality both at 40% relative air humidity and at 70% relative air humidity on the entire object, including beads and edges.

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Abstract

A process for multilayer lacquering, wherein a surfacer coating compound is applied to an optionally precoated substrate and then cured, a top coat layer of a color-imparting and/or special effect-imparting base coat and a clear coat coating compound or of a pigmented one-coat top coat coating compound is applied to the surfacer layer obtained and cured, wherein, after application of the surfacer coating compound, the not yet cured surfacer layer is irradiated with NIR radiation in the wave length range from 760 to 1500 nm.

Description

Verfahren zur Mehrschichtlackierung Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Mehrschichtlackierung mit insbesondereThe invention relates to a method for multi-layer painting with in particular
Wasserlacken, welches insbesondere Anwendung findet im Bereich der Fahrzeugreparaturlackierung .Water-based paints, which are used in particular in the field of vehicle refinishing.
Aus ökologischen Gründen ist man bestrebt, auch auf dem Gebiet der Fahrzeugreparaturlackierung in zunehmendem Maße lösemittelbasierende Lacke durchFor ecological reasons, efforts are also being made to increasingly use solvent-based paints in the field of vehicle refinishing
Wasserlacke zu ersetzen. Die entwickelten Wasserlacke haben bereits ein Qualitätsniveau erreicht, das sie in einer Mehrzahl von Eigenschaften den lösemittelbasierenden Lacken ebenbürtig macht. Einige Eigenschaften haben jedoch noch nicht das Qualitätsniveau lösemittelbasierender Lacke erreicht. Beispielsweise wird beim Einsatz wasserverdünnbarer Füller noch eine unzureichende Schleifbarkeit festgestellt. Desweiteren ist es problematisch, eine gleichmäßige Qualität der Lackierung, insbesondere bezüglich Oberflächeneigenschaften und Zwischenschichthaftung, bei unterschiedlichen äußeren Bedingungen zu gewährleisten. Besonders schwierig ist es, unter den Bedingungen einer stark variierenden Luftfeuchtigkeit eine reproduzierbare Trocknung der Wasserlacke und daraus resultierende gleichmäßige Oberflächenqualität der Lackierung zu erzielen.To replace water-based paints. The developed water-based paints have already reached a quality level that makes them equal to the solvent-based paints in a number of properties. However, some properties have not yet reached the quality level of solvent-based paints. For example, when using water-dilutable fillers, insufficient grindability is found. Furthermore, it is problematic to ensure a uniform quality of the coating, in particular with regard to surface properties and interlayer adhesion, under different external conditions. It is particularly difficult to achieve reproducible drying of the water-based paints and the resulting uniform surface quality of the paintwork under the conditions of a strongly varying air humidity.
Aufgabe der Erfindung war es daher, ein Verfahren zur Mehrschichtlackierung, insbesondere für die Fahrzeugreparaturlackierung, bereitzustellen, welches es ermöglicht, auch beim Einsatz von wasserbasierenden FüllerbeschichtungsmittelnThe object of the invention was therefore to provide a process for multi-layer coating, in particular for vehicle refinishing, which also makes it possible to use water-based filler coating compositions
Füllerschichten mit hoher und gleichmäßiger Qualität der Lackierung, insbesondere bezüglich der Oberflächeneigenschaften und Zwischenschichthaftung zu erzielen. Die gleichmäßige Qualität der Lackierung soll insbesondere auch unter stark variierenden Umgebungsbedingungen bei der Applikation, wie z.B. der Luftfeuchtigkeit, gewährleistet sein. Eine gleichmäßige Qualität der Lackierung soll ebenso an kritischen Stellen, wie Sikken oder Kanten gegeben sein. Weiterhin sollen die erhaltenen Füllerschichten gut und rasch schleifbar sein. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß diese Aufgabe gelöst werden kann, wenn eine auf ein gegebenenfalls vorbeschichtetes Substrat aufgetragene Füllerschicht mit NIR-Strahlung bestrahlt wird. Ein Gegenstand der Erfindung ist daher die Verwendung von NIR- Strahlung zur Bestrahlung von Füllerschichten bei der Mehrschichtlackierung von Substraten.To achieve filler layers with high and uniform quality of the coating, especially with regard to the surface properties and interlayer adhesion. The uniform quality of the coating should also be ensured, in particular, under strongly varying environmental conditions during application, such as, for example, the air humidity. Uniform coating quality should also be provided at critical points such as sikken or edges. Furthermore, the filler layers obtained should be easy and quick to sand. It has been shown that this object can be achieved if a filler layer applied to an optionally precoated substrate is irradiated with NIR radiation. The invention therefore relates to the use of NIR radiation for irradiating filler layers in the multi-layer coating of substrates.
Bei der erfindungsgemäß verwendeten NIR-Strahlung (nahes Infrarot) handelt es sich um kurzwellige Infrarotstrahlung des Wellenlängenbereichs von etwa 760 bis etwa 1500 nm, bevorzugt 760 bis 1200 nm.The NIR radiation (near infrared) used according to the invention is short-wave infrared radiation in the wavelength range from approximately 760 to approximately 1500 nm, preferably 760 to 1200 nm.
Ein weiterer Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Mehrschichtlackierung, bei dem auf ein gegebenenfalls vorbeschichtetes Substrat ein FüUerbeschichtungsmittel appliziert und anschließend gehärtet wird, auf die erhaltene Füllerschicht eine Decklackschicht aus einem färb- und/oder effektgebenden Basislack- und einem Klarlackbeschichtungsmittel oder aus einem pigmentiertenAnother object of the invention is a process for multi-layer coating, in which a surface coating agent is applied to an optionally precoated substrate and then cured, a top coat layer comprising a coloring and / or effect-imparting base coat and a clear coat coating agent or a pigmented coat is applied to the filler layer obtained
Einschichtdecklackbeschichtungsmittel aufgebracht und gehärtet wird, welches dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß nach Applikation des Füllerbeschichtungsmittels die noch nicht gehärtete Füllerschicht mit NIR-Strahlung des Wellenlängenbereichs von 800 bis 1500 nm bestrahlt wird.Single-coat topcoat is applied and cured, which is characterized in that after application of the filler coating agent, the not yet cured filler layer is irradiated with NIR radiation in the wavelength range from 800 to 1500 nm.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird ein wäßriges FüUerbeschichtungsmittel appliziert. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, lösemittelhaltige FüUerbeschichtungsmittel zu verwenden.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, an aqueous surface coating agent is applied. However, it is also possible to use solvent-based coating agents.
Nach Applikation des insbesondere wäßrigen Füllerbeschichtungsmittels kann gegebenenfalls die erhaltene noch nicht ausgehärtete Füllerschicht eine Ablüftphase unterzogen werden. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführangsform der Erfindung wird die Bestrahlung mit NIR-Strahlung zur Trocknung der insbesondere wäßrigen Füllerschicht durchgeführt.After application of the, in particular, aqueous filler coating agent, the filler layer which has not yet hardened can optionally be subjected to a flash-off phase. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the irradiation with NIR radiation is carried out to dry the, in particular, aqueous filler layer.
Die Härtung der wäßrigen Füllerschicht (Endhärtung) kann mit einem geeigneten Häraingsverfahren erfolgen. Sie kann beispielsweise bei Raumtemperatur, forciert bei höheren Temperaturen, durch Bestrahlen mit UV- oder IR- oder NIR-Strahlung erfolgen. Bevorzugt erfolgt die Endhärtung mit UV- oder NIR-Strahlung.The aqueous filler layer (final hardening) can be hardened using a suitable Häraingsverfahren. For example, it can be forced at room temperature higher temperatures, by irradiation with UV or IR or NIR radiation. Final curing is preferably carried out using UV or NIR radiation.
Es ist jedoch auch möglich, die Härtung der Füllerschicht nach einer gegebenenfalls gewährten Ablüftphase nur mit einer einzigen NIR-Bestrahlungsphase durchzuführen.However, it is also possible to carry out the hardening of the filler layer after a possibly allowed flash-off phase with only a single NIR radiation phase.
Die Anwendung von NIR-Strahlung allgemein zum Trocknen von Farben und Lacken ist bekannt. Als Anwendungsmöglichkeiten werden beispielsweise folgende Bereiche genannt: Druckbranche, Folientrockmmg, Rohrtrocknung, Holzbeschichtungen, Pulverbeschichtungen. Als besondere Vorteile der NIR-Technologie werden die sehr rasche Trocknung, insbesondere bei Wasserlacken und die schonende Trocknung durch geringe Erhitzung des Substrates genannt. Über Anwendungsmöglichkeiten dieser Technologie in der Fahrzeuglackierung, insbesondere der Fahrzeugreparaturlackierung ist nichts bekannt.The use of NIR radiation in general for drying paints and varnishes is known. The following areas of application are mentioned, for example: printing industry, film drying, pipe drying, wood coatings, powder coatings. The particular advantages of NIR technology are the very rapid drying, especially with water-based paints, and the gentle drying through low heating of the substrate. Nothing is known about possible applications of this technology in vehicle painting, in particular vehicle refinishing.
Überraschend wurde nun gefunden, daß die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung durch die Verwendung von NIR-Strahlung zur Trocknung und Härtung von insbesondere wasserbasierenden Füllerschichten in einem Mehrschichtaufbau gelöst werden kann. Ebenso überraschend war, daß eine Trocknung des Füllers direkt mit NIR-Strahlung überhaupt möglich war. Auf Grund der hohen Schichtdicke und der sich durch die Bestrahlung schnell schließenden Fülleroberfläche war vielmehr zu erwarten, daß ein erheblicher Eigenschaftsgradient von der Filmoberfläche zur Grenzfläche zum Untergrund bezüglich Härte, Schleifbarkeit und Haftung entsteht.It has now surprisingly been found that the object of the present invention can be achieved by using NIR radiation for drying and curing, in particular, water-based filler layers in a multilayer structure. It was equally surprising that the filler could be dried directly with NIR radiation. On account of the high layer thickness and the filler surface that closes quickly due to the radiation, it was rather to be expected that a considerable gradient of properties would arise from the film surface to the interface with the substrate with regard to hardness, grindability and adhesion.
Die im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren durchgeführte Bestrahlung mit NIR-Strahlung kann mit einem üblichen energiereichen NIR-Strahler durchgeführt werden. Derartige NIR-Strahler sind kommerziell erhältlich (beispielsweise von der Fa. Industrie SerVis). Es handelt sich beispielsweise um Hochleistungshalogenstrahler mit einer Strahlungsdichte von im allgemeinen mehr als 1 W/cm2, bevorzugt mehr als 10 W/cm2, bis beispielsweise 15 MW/m2. Die Strahler erreichen beispielsweise eineThe irradiation with NIR radiation carried out in the method according to the invention can be carried out with a customary high-energy NIR radiator. Such NIR emitters are commercially available (for example from Industrie SerVis). These are, for example, high-performance halogen lamps with a radiation density of generally more than 1 W / cm 2 , preferably more than 10 W / cm 2 , for example up to 15 MW / m 2 . The emitters reach one, for example
Strahleroberflächentemperatur (Glühwendeltemperatur) von über 2000 K, z.B. von 2000 bis 3000 K. Geeignete Strahler weisen beispielsweise ein Emissionsspektrum mit einem Maximum zwischen 750 und 1200 nm auf.Radiator surface temperature (filament temperature) of over 2000 K, for example from 2000 to 3000 K. Suitable radiators have, for example, an emission spectrum a maximum between 750 and 1200 nm.
Erfindungsgemäß kann eine Ablüftphase vor der Bestrahlung mit NIR-Strahlung eingeschaltet werden. Die Ablüftphase kann in üblicher Weise erfolgen, beispielsweise durch Stehenlassen an der Luft oder durch Aufblasen von Luft z.B. beiAccording to the invention, a flash-off phase can be switched on before irradiation with NIR radiation. The flash-off phase can be carried out in the usual way, for example by letting it stand in the air or by inflating air e.g. at
Temperaturen von 10 bis 80°C, beispielsweise bei Raumtemperatur.Temperatures from 10 to 80 ° C, for example at room temperature.
Im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren einsetzbare FüUerbeschichtungsmittel sind beispielsweise übliche und dem Fachmann bekannte Füller auf Wasserbasis, wie sie im Bereich der Fahrzeuglackierung, insbesondere der Fahrzeugreparaturlackierung eingesetzt werden. Die FüUerbeschichtungsmittel enthalten wasserverdünnbare Bindemittel. Bei den wasserverdünnbaren Bindemitteln handelt es sich um die üblichen, dem Fachmann für diesen Anwendungszweck bekannten Bindemittel. Es kann sich beispielsweise um einkomponentige oder zweikomponentige wasserverdünnbare Bindemittelsysteme handeln.For example, the coating compositions which can be used in the process according to the invention are conventional water-based fillers known to those skilled in the art, such as are used in the field of vehicle painting, in particular vehicle refinishing. The coating compositions contain water-dilutable binders. The water-dilutable binders are the customary binders known to those skilled in the art for this purpose. For example, it can be a one-component or two-component water-dilutable binder system.
Beispiele für einkomponentige Bindemittelsysteme sind solche auf Basis von Polyurethan-, Polyacrylat-, Polyester- und/oder Epoxidharzen. Die einkomponentigen Bindemittelsysteme können z.B. physikalisch oder oxidativ trocknend sein.Examples of one-component binder systems are those based on polyurethane, polyacrylate, polyester and / or epoxy resins. The one-component binder systems can e.g. be physically or oxidatively drying.
Beispiele für zweikomponentige vernetzbare Bindemittelsysteme sind solche auf Basis von hydroxyfunktionellen Bindemitteln, wie z.B. Polyurethan-, Polyesterurethan- und/oder Polyacrylatpolyolen, und Polyisocyanaten, auf Basis von Epoxid/Polyamhr- Systemen, auf Basis von acetoacetylfunktionellen und (meth)acryloylfunktionellen Bindemitteln sowie auf Basis von acryloylfunktionellen oder acryloyl- und glycidylfunktionellen Bindemitteln und Polyaminen. Beispiele für die vorstehend genannten Bindemittelsysteme sind ausführlicher in den DE-A-41 23 860. DE-A-42 26 243. DE-A-42 26 270, EP-A-542 209 und EP-A-476 388 beschrieben.Examples of two-component crosslinkable binder systems are those based on hydroxy-functional binders, such as e.g. Polyurethane, polyester urethane and / or polyacrylate polyols, and polyisocyanates, based on epoxy / polyamide systems, based on acetoacetyl-functional and (meth) acryloyl-functional binders, and on the basis of acryloyl-functional or acryloyl- and glycidyl-functional binders and polyamines. Examples of the above-mentioned binder systems are described in more detail in DE-A-41 23 860. DE-A-42 26 243. DE-A-42 26 270, EP-A-542 209 and EP-A-476 388.
Ebenso eingesetzt werden können auch wasserverdünnbare mittels energiereicherWater-thinnable ones with high energy content can also be used
Strahlung, bevorzugt UV-Strahlung, zumindest teilweise härtbare Bindemittel. Bevorzugt handelt es sich dabei um radikalisch härtbare Bindemittel. Bei den bevorzugten radikalisch härtenden Bindemitteln kann es sich um Prepolymere, wie Poly- oder Oligomere, die radikalisch polymerisierbare olefinische Doppelbindungen, insbesondere in Form von (Meth)acryloylgruppen im Molekül aufweisen, handeln. Die Prepolymeren können in Kombination mit Reaktivverdünnem, d.h. reaktiven flüssigen Monomeren, vorliegen.Radiation, preferably UV radiation, at least partially curable binders. These are preferably free-radically curable binders. Both preferred free-radically curing binders can be prepolymers, such as poly- or oligomers, which have free-radically polymerizable olefinic double bonds, in particular in the form of (meth) acryloyl groups in the molecule. The prepolymers can be in combination with reactive diluents, ie reactive liquid monomers.
Beispiele für Prepolymere oder Oligomere sind (meth)acryloylfunktionelle (Meth)acrylcopolymere , Epoxidharz(meth)acrylate , Polyester(meth)acrylate , Polyether(meth)acrylate, Pol5mrethan(meth)acrylate, ungesättigte Polyester, ungesättigte Polyurethane oder Silikon(meth)acrylate mit zahlenmittlerenExamples of prepolymers or oligomers are (meth) acryloyl-functional (meth) acrylic copolymers, epoxy resin (meth) acrylates, polyester (meth) acrylates, polyether (meth) acrylates, polymethane (meth) acrylates, unsaturated polyesters, unsaturated polyurethanes or silicone (meth) acrylates with mediators
Molekularmassen (Mn) bevorzugt im Bereich von 200 bis 10000, besonders bevorzugt von 500 bis 3000 und mit durchschnittlich 2 bis 20, bevorzugt 3 bis 10 radikalisch polymerisierbaren, olefmischen Doppelbindungen pro Molekül.Molecular masses (Mn) preferably in the range from 200 to 10,000, particularly preferably from 500 to 3000 and with an average of 2 to 20, preferably 3 to 10, free-radically polymerizable, olefinic double bonds per molecule.
Werden Reaktivverdünner verwendet, so werden sie in Mengen von 1 bis 50 Gew.-% eingesetzt, bevorzugt von 5 bis 30 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht von Prepolymeren und Reaktivverdünnem. Es handelt sich um niedermolekulare definierte Verbindungen, die mono-, di- oder polyungesättigt sein können. Beispiele für solche Reaktivverdünner sind: (Meth)acrylsäure und deren Ester, Maleinsäure und deren Halbester, Vinylacetat, Vinylether, substituierte Vinylharnstoffe, Ethylen- undIf reactive diluents are used, they are used in amounts of 1 to 50% by weight, preferably 5 to 30% by weight, based on the total weight of prepolymers and reactive diluents. These are defined low-molecular compounds that can be mono-, di- or polyunsaturated. Examples of such reactive diluents are: (meth) acrylic acid and its esters, maleic acid and its half esters, vinyl acetate, vinyl ether, substituted vinyl ureas, ethylene and
Propylenglykoldi(meth)acrylat, 1,3- und 1 ,4-Butandioldi(meth)acrylat, Vinyl(meth)acrylat, AUyl(meth)acrylat, Glycerintri-, -di- und -mono(meth)acrylat, Trimethylolpropantri-, -di- und -mono(meth)acrylat, Styrol, Vinyltoluol, Divinylbenzol, Pentaerythrittri- und -tetra(meth)acrylat, Di- und Tripropylenglykoldi(meth)acrylat, Hexandioldi(meth)acrylat, sowie deren Gemische.Propylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,3- and 1,4-butanediol di (meth) acrylate, vinyl (meth) acrylate, AUyl (meth) acrylate, glycerol tri-, di- and mono (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri-, di and mono (meth) acrylate, styrene, vinyl toluene, divinylbenzene, pentaerythritol tri and tetra (meth) acrylate, di- and tripropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, and mixtures thereof.
Einsetzbare UV-härtbare Bindemittel sind z.B. die in der DE-A-41 33 290 beschriebenen.Usable UV-curable binders are e.g. those described in DE-A-41 33 290.
Bei den hier genannten für FüUerbeschichtungsmittel geeigneten Bindemittelsystemen handelt es sich lediglich um eine beispielhafte Aufzählung. Ebenso können die Bindemittelsysteme noch weitergehend modifiziert sein und es können auch verschiedene Vemetzungsmechaiüsmen miteinander kombiniert werden, beispielsweise kann eine Härtung mittels UV-Strahlung mit einem weiteren Vemetzungsmechamsmus kombiniert werden. Beispiele für letzgenannte Kombination sind beschrieben in der noch nicht veröffentlichten deutschen Patentanmeldung derselben Anmelderin P 198 187 35 sowie in den WO-A-9800452 und DE-A-197 09 560.The binder systems mentioned here for coating compositions are merely an exemplary list. The binder systems can also be modified further, and so can different crosslinking mechanisms can be combined with one another, for example curing with UV radiation can be combined with a further crosslinking mechanism. Examples of the latter combination are described in the as yet unpublished German patent application by the same applicant P 198 187 35 and in WO-A-9800452 and DE-A-197 09 560.
Die im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren einsetzbaren FüUerbeschichtungsmittel enthalten Füllstoffe und/oder Pigmente. Es handelt sich dabei um die üblichen in der Lackindustrie einsetzbaren Füllstoffe und organischen oder anorganischen f arbgebenden und/oder Korrosionsschutzpigmente. Beispiele für f arbgebendeThe coating compositions which can be used in the process according to the invention contain fillers and / or pigments. These are the usual fillers and organic or inorganic coloring and / or anti-corrosion pigments that can be used in the paint industry. Examples of coloring
Pigmente sind Titandioxid, mikronisiertes Titandioxid, Eisenoxidpigmente, Ruß, Azopigmente, Phthalocyaninpigmente, Chinacridon- oder Pyrrolopyrrolpigmente. Zinkphosphat ist ein Beispiel für ein Korrosionsschutzpigment. Beispiele für Füllstoffe sind Siliciumdioxid, Aluminiumsüikat, Bariumsulfat, Calciumcarbonat und Talkum.Pigments are titanium dioxide, micronized titanium dioxide, iron oxide pigments, carbon black, azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, quinacridone or pyrrolopyrrole pigments. Zinc phosphate is an example of an anti-corrosion pigment. Examples of fillers are silicon dioxide, aluminum silicate, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate and talc.
Bei der Auswahl der Füllstoffe hat es sich als günstig erwiesen, in den Füllern Bariumsulfat in Mengen von mindestens 2 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das gesamte FüUerbeschichtungsmittel einzusetzen.When selecting the fillers, it has proven to be advantageous to use barium sulfate in the fillers in amounts of at least 2% by weight, based on the total coating composition.
Die FüUerbeschichtungsmittel können weiterhin Wasser sowie geringe Mengen an organischen Lösemitteln und lackübliche Additive enthalten.The coating compositions can furthermore contain water and small amounts of organic solvents and additives customary in paint.
Bei den in den Füllerbeschichtungsmitteln gegebenenfalls vorhandenen organischen Lösemitteln handelt es sich um übliche lacktechnische Lösemittel. Diese können aus der Herstellung der Bindemittel stammen oder werden separat zugegeben. Bevorzugt sind es wassermischbare Lösemittel. Beispiele für geeignete Lösemittel sind ein- oder mehrwertige Alkohole, z.B. Propanol, Butanol, Hexanol; Glykolether oder -ester, z.B. Diethylenglykoldialkylether, Dipropylenglykoldialkylether, jeweils mit Cl- bis C6-Alkyl, Ethoxypropanol, Butylglykol; Glykole, z.B. Efhylenglykol, Propylenglykol und deren Oligomere, N-Methylpyrrolidon sowie Ketone, z.B. Methylethylketon,The organic solvents which may be present in the filler coating compositions are customary paint solvents. These can originate from the production of the binders or are added separately. They are preferably water-miscible solvents. Examples of suitable solvents are monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, e.g. Propanol, butanol, hexanol; Glycol ethers or esters, e.g. Diethylene glycol dialkyl ether, dipropylene glycol dialkyl ether, each with Cl to C6 alkyl, ethoxypropanol, butyl glycol; Glycols, e.g. Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and their oligomers, N-methylpyrrolidone and ketones, e.g. Methyl ethyl ketone,
Aceton, Cyclohexanon; aromatische oder aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, z.B. Toluol, Xylol oder lineare oder verzweigte aliphatische C6-C12-Kohlenwasserstoffe. Die FüUerbeschichtungsmittel können desweiteren lackübliche Additive enthalten. Beispiele für lackübliche Additive sind Verlaufsmittel, rheologiebeemflussende Mittel, wie hochdisperse Kieselsäure oder polymere Harnstoffverbindungen, Verdicker, wie anvernetzte Polycarbonsäure oder Polyurethane, Entschäumer, Netzmittel,Acetone, cyclohexanone; aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene, xylene or linear or branched aliphatic C6-C12 hydrocarbons. The coating compositions can furthermore contain customary paint additives. Examples of customary paint additives are leveling agents, rheology-influencing agents, such as highly disperse silica or polymeric urea compounds, thickeners, such as crosslinked polycarboxylic acid or polyurethanes, defoamers, wetting agents,
Antikratermittel und Härtungsbeschleuniger. Die Additive werden in üblichen, dem Fachmann bekannten Mengen eingesetzt.Anti-cratering agent and hardening accelerator. The additives are used in customary amounts known to the person skilled in the art.
Werden mittels UN-Strahlung härtbare Bindemittel eingesetzt, dann enthalten die FüUerbeschichtungsmittel zusätzlich Photoinitiatoren, z.B. in Mengen von 0,1 bis 5If binders curable by means of UN radiation are used, the coating compositions additionally contain photoinitiators, e.g. in amounts from 0.1 to 5
Gew.-%, bevorzugt von 0,5 bis 3 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Summe von radikalisch polymerisierbaren Prepolymeren, Reaktivverdünnem und Photoinitiatoren. Beispiele für Photoinitiatoren sind Benzoin und -derivate, Acetophenon und -derivate, z.B. 2,2- Diacetoxyacetophenon, Benzophenon und -derivate, Thioxanthon und -derivate, Anthrachinon, 1-Benzoylcyclohexanol, phosphororganische Verbindungen, wie z.B.% By weight, preferably from 0.5 to 3% by weight, based on the sum of free-radically polymerizable prepolymers, reactive diluents and photoinitiators. Examples of photoinitiators are benzoin and derivatives, acetophenone and derivatives, e.g. 2,2-diacetoxyacetophenone, benzophenone and derivatives, thioxanthone and derivatives, anthraquinone, 1-benzoylcyclohexanol, organophosphorus compounds such as e.g.
Acylphospinoxide. Die Photoinitiatoren können allein oder in Kombination eingesetzt werden.Acylphosphine oxides. The photoinitiators can be used alone or in combination.
Bei zweikomponentigen Beschichtungsmitteln, müssen die miteinander reaktiven Bindemittelkomponenten getrennt gelagert werden und können erst kurz vor derIn the case of two-component coating compositions, the binder components which are reactive with one another must be stored separately and can only be used shortly before
Applikation miteinander vermischt werden.Application are mixed together.
Generell kann vor der Applikation bei Bedarf mit Wasser oder organischen Lösemitteln noch auf Spritzviskosität eingestellt werden.In general, spray viscosity can be adjusted with water or organic solvents before application.
Die Applikation der FüUerbeschichtungsmittel im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren kann nach üblichen Methoden, bevorzugt mittels Spritzapplikation erfolgen.The application of the coating compositions in the process according to the invention can be carried out by customary methods, preferably by means of spray application.
Als Substrate sind Metall- und Kunststoff Substrate, insbesondere die in der Automobilindustrie bekannten Substrate, geeignet, wie z.B. Eisen, Zink, Aluminium,Suitable substrates are metal and plastic substrates, in particular the substrates known in the automotive industry, such as Iron, zinc, aluminum,
Magnesium, Edelstahl oder deren Legierungen, sowie Polyurethane, Polycarbonate oder Polyolefine. Die Füllerschichten können auf gegebenenfalls vorbehandelte Substrate als solche oder auf übliche Grundiεrungen aufgebracht werden, beispielsweise auf blankes Stahlblech, geschliffen, auf Polyvinylbutyralprimer, 2K- Epoxid-Grundierungen, angeschliffene Werks- oder Altlackierungen.Magnesium, stainless steel or their alloys, as well as polyurethanes, polycarbonates or polyolefins. The filler layers can optionally be pretreated Substrates are applied as such or to customary primers, for example on bare steel sheet, sanded, on polyvinyl butyral primer, 2K epoxy primers, sanded factory or old paintwork.
Nach der Applikation und einer gegebenenfalls gewährten kurzen Ablüftphase von z.B. 5 bis 15 Minuten bei Raumtemperatur erfolgt die Bestrahlung mit NIR- Strahlung. Die Bestrahlung kann dabei beispielsweise in einer mit einem NIR-Strahler ausgerüsteten Bandanlage oder mit einem NIR-Strahler, der vor dem zu bestrahlenden Objekt bzw. der zu bestrahlenden Stelle positioniert wird, durchgeführt werden.After application and a short flash-off phase of e.g. Irradiation with NIR radiation takes place for 5 to 15 minutes at room temperature. The irradiation can be carried out, for example, in a conveyor system equipped with an NIR emitter or with an NIR emitter that is positioned in front of the object to be irradiated or the location to be irradiated.
Die erstgenannte Möglichkeit bietet sich an z.B. bei der Reparaturlackierung von Einzelteilen, wobei die Bandgeschwindigkeit und damit die Bestrahlungsdauer variiert werden können. Beispielsweise können Bandgeschwindigkeiten von 1,0 bis 7,0 m/min eingestellt werden, was beispielsweise Bestrahlungszeiten von von 2 bis 20 s entsprechen kann. Der Abstand zwischen NIR-Strahler und Objektoberfläche kann z.B. 10 bis 60 cm betragen.The first option is available e.g. when refinishing individual parts, whereby the belt speed and thus the irradiation time can be varied. For example, belt speeds of 1.0 to 7.0 m / min can be set, which can correspond, for example, to irradiation times of 2 to 20 s. The distance between the NIR emitter and the object surface can e.g. 10 to 60 cm.
Bei der zweiten Möglichkeit wird der NIR-Strahler direkt vor dem zu bestrahlenden Objekt bzw. der zu bestrahlenden Stelle positioniert. Die Bestrahlungsdauer kann z.B. 1 bis 300 s betragen, der Objektabstand z.B. 5 bis 70 cm.In the second possibility, the NIR radiator is positioned directly in front of the object or location to be irradiated. The exposure time can e.g. 1 to 300 s, the object distance e.g. 5 to 70 cm.
Durch gezielte Auswahl der verschiedenen Parameter, wie Bandgeschwindigkeit, Bestrahlungsdauer und Objektabstand, und natürlich in Abhängigkeit von der Strahlungsleistung des verwendeten NIR-Strahlers können unterschiedliche Objekttemperaturen eingestellt werden. Beispielsweise können Objekttemperaturen von 80 bis 150°C eingestellt werden.Through the targeted selection of the various parameters, such as belt speed, radiation duration and object distance, and of course depending on the radiation power of the NIR emitter used, different object temperatures can be set. For example, object temperatures of 80 to 150 ° C can be set.
Nach der Bestrahlung der Fullerschicht mit NIR-Strahlung kann dann gemäß der bevorzugten Ausführungsform die Endhärtung erfolgen. In Abhängigkeit vom eingesetzten Bindemittelsystem kann die Endhärtung z.B. bei Raumtemperatur, mittelsAfter irradiation of the fuller layer with NIR radiation, the final hardening can then take place in accordance with the preferred embodiment. Depending on the binder system used, the final hardening can e.g. at room temperature, by means of
Wärme, z.B. in einem Ofen oder mit IR- oder NIR-Strahlung, oder mit energiereicher Strahlung, bevorzugt UV-Strahlung erfolgen. Es können auch verschiedene Methoden miteinander kombiniert werden. Bevorzugt erfolgt die Endhärtung mit einem weiteren NIR-Bestrahlungsschritt oder bei Verwendung mittels energiereicher Strahlung härtbarer Bindemittel mittels UV-Strahlung.Heat, for example in an oven or with IR or NIR radiation, or with high-energy radiation, preferably UV radiation. You can also use different methods can be combined with each other. Final curing is preferably carried out using a further NIR irradiation step or, if using binders curable by means of high-energy radiation, using UV radiation.
Im Falle der Endhärtung mit NIR-Strahlung kann die Bestrahlung in ähnlicher Weise wie vorstehend bereits beschrieben durchgeführt werden, d.h. es schließt sich eine weitere Bestrahlungsphase oder ein weiterer Banddurchlauf an. Die Bestrahlungszeiten können je nach Bedarf variiert werden. Sie können beispielsweise im Bereich von 1 bis 300 Sekunden liegen.In the case of final curing with NIR radiation, the irradiation can be carried out in a similar manner as described above, i.e. a further irradiation phase or a further band pass follows. The irradiation times can be varied as required. For example, they can range from 1 to 300 seconds.
Im Falle der Endhärtung mit UV-Strahlung kann die Füllerschicht bevorzugt mit UV- Strahlungsquellen mit Emissionen im Wellenlängenbereich von 180 bis 420 nm, insbesondere von 200 bis 400 nm bestrahlt werden. Beipiele für einsetzbare UV- Strahlungsquellen sind z.B. Quecksilberhochdruck-, mitteldruck- und -niederdruckstrahier sowie dotierte Strahler wie Eisen- oderIn the case of final curing with UV radiation, the filler layer can preferably be irradiated with UV radiation sources with emissions in the wavelength range from 180 to 420 nm, in particular from 200 to 400 nm. Examples of usable UV radiation sources are e.g. High-pressure, medium-pressure and low-pressure mercury lamps as well as doped lamps such as iron or
Galliumquecksilberlampen. Weitere Beispiele für UV-Strahlungsquellen sind Gasentladungsröhren, wie z.B. Xenonniederdrucklampen, UV-Laser, UV- Punktstrahler, wie z.B. UN-emittierende Dioden und Schwarzlichtröhren. Neben diesen kontinuierlich arbeitenden UN-Strahlungsquellen können jedoch auch diskontinuierliche UN-Strahlungsquellen eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugt handelt es sich hierbei um sogenannte Hochenergieblitzeinrichtungen (kurz: UV-Blitzlampen).Gallium mercury lamps. Other examples of UV radiation sources are gas discharge tubes, e.g. Xenon low pressure lamps, UV lasers, UV spot lamps, e.g. UN-emitting diodes and black light tubes. In addition to these continuously operating UN radiation sources, discontinuous UN radiation sources can also be used. These are preferably so-called high-energy flash devices (in short: UV flash lamps).
Die Bestrahlungsdauer mit UN-Strahlung kann beim Einsatz von UN-Blitzlampen als UV- Strahlungsquelle beispielsweise im Bereich von 1 Millisekunde bis 400 Sekunden, bevorzugt von 4 bis 160 Sekunden, je nach Anzahl der gewählten Blitzentladungen, liegen. Die Blitze können beispielsweise ca. alle 4 s ausgelöst werden. Die Härtung kann beispielsweise durch. 1 bis 40 aufeinanderfolgende Blitzentladungen erfolgen. Beim Einsatz kontinuierlicher UV-Strahlungsquellen kann die Bestrahlungsdauer beispielsweise im Bereich 1 Millisekunde bis von einigen Sekunden bis etwa 5 Minuten, bevorzugt unter 5 Minuten liegen. Der Abstand der UV-Strahlungsquellen zur zu bestrahlenden Substratoberfläche kann beispielsweise 5 bis 60 cm betragen. UV-Strahlungsquellen und UN-Technlogie sind dem Fachmann bekannt. Es ist auch möglich, jedoch weniger bevorzugt, die Trocknung und Härtung der Füllerschicht mit einem einzigen NIR-Bestrahlungsschritt zu realisieren. Die Bestrahlungszeiten können dann beispielsweise 5 bis 300 Sekunden betragen.The exposure time to UN radiation when using UN flash lamps as the UV radiation source can be, for example, in the range from 1 millisecond to 400 seconds, preferably from 4 to 160 seconds, depending on the number of flash discharges selected. The flashes can be triggered, for example, every 4 s. The hardening can, for example, by. 1 to 40 successive lightning discharges. When using continuous UV radiation sources, the radiation duration can be, for example, in the range from 1 millisecond to from a few seconds to about 5 minutes, preferably less than 5 minutes. The distance between the UV radiation sources and the substrate surface to be irradiated can be, for example, 5 to 60 cm. UV radiation sources and UN technology are known to the person skilled in the art. It is also possible, but less preferred, to carry out the drying and curing of the filler layer using a single NIR irradiation step. The irradiation times can then be, for example, 5 to 300 seconds.
Nach der Härtung werden die Füllerschichten mit einer Decklackschicht überlackiert. Bei der Decklackschicht kann es sich um pigmentierte Einschichtdecklacke oder um einen Basislack/Klarlack-Zweischichtaufbau handeln. Es kann mit lösemittelbasierenden oder wasserbasierenden Beschichtungsmitteln überlackiert werden.After curing, the filler layers are overcoated with a top coat. The topcoat layer can be pigmented single-layer topcoats or a basecoat / clearcoat two-layer structure. It can be painted over with solvent-based or water-based coating agents.
Für die Basislack/Klarlack-Deckbeschichtung einsetzbare färb- und/oder effektgebende Basislacke sind alle in der Fahrzeuglackierung, insbesondere der Reparaturlackierung, übUchen und dem Fachmann bekannten lösemittel- oder wasserbasierenden Basislacke geeignet. Beispiele für lösemittelbasierende Basislacke sind solche auf Basis vonColor and / or effect basecoats which can be used for the basecoat / clearcoat topcoat are all suitable in vehicle painting, especially refinishing, and solvent-based or water-based basecoats known to those skilled in the art. Examples of solvent-based basecoats are those based on
Polyacrylat- und/oder Polyesterharzen, gegebenenfalls in Kombination mit Melaminharzen und Celluloseestern. Beispiele für Wasserbasislacke sind solche auf Basis physikalisch trocknender Polyurethan-, Polyurethan/harnstoff-, Polyester-, Polyesterurethan- und/oder Polyacrylatharze sowie deren Modifizierungen, wie z.B. acrylierter oder siliziummodifizierter Polyurethan- und/ oder Polyesterharze. Weiterhin kommen Wasserbasislacke aus chemisch vernetzenden BindemitteU omponenten, z.B. aus hydroxylgruppenhaltigen Bindemitteln und Polyisocyanatvernetzern, in Frage. Die Härtung der Basislackschicht kann bei Raumtemperatur oder forciert bei beispielsweise 40 bis 80 °C erfolgen. Die Basislackschicht kann jedoch auch naß-in- naß, gegebenenfalls nach einer kurzen Ablüftphase mit einem Klarlack überlackiert und dann gemeinsam mit dem Klarlack gehärtet werden.Polyacrylate and / or polyester resins, optionally in combination with melamine resins and cellulose esters. Examples of waterborne basecoats are those based on physically drying polyurethane, polyurethane / urea, polyester, polyester urethane and / or polyacrylate resins and their modifications, such as acrylated or silicon-modified polyurethane and / or polyester resins. Furthermore, waterborne basecoats come from chemically crosslinking binder components, e.g. from binders containing hydroxyl groups and polyisocyanate crosslinkers. The basecoat film can be cured at room temperature or forced at, for example, 40 to 80 ° C. However, the basecoat film can also be coated wet-on-wet, if necessary after a short flash-off phase, with a clear coat and then cured together with the clear coat.
Für die Basislack/Klarlack-Deckbeschichtung einsetzbare Klarlacke sind alle in der Fahrzeuglackierung, insbesondere der Reparaturlackierung üblichen und dem Fachmann bekannten lösemittel- oder wasserbasierenden Klarlacke geeignet. Beispiele hierfür sind lösemittelbasierende oder wäßrige Klarlacke auf Basis hydroxylgruppenhaltiger und/oder aminogruppenhaltiger Bindemittel und Polyisocyanatvemetzεr sowie auf Basis aminogruppenhaltiger und acryloylgruppenhaltiger Bindemittel.Clearcoats which can be used for the basecoat / clearcoat topcoat are all suitable for vehicle painting, in particular repair painting, and solvent-based or water-based clearcoats known to those skilled in the art. Examples of these are solvent-based or aqueous clear lacquers based on binders containing hydroxyl groups and / or amino groups and Polyisocyanatvemetzεr and based on amino group-containing and acryloyl group-containing binders.
Für die Deckbeschichtong einsetzbare pigmentierte Einschichtdecklacke sind alle in der Fahrzeuglackierung, insbesondere der Reparaturlackierung üblichen und demPigmented single-layer topcoats which can be used for the topcoat are all customary in vehicle painting, in particular repair painting
Fachmann bekannten lösemittel- oder wasserbasierenden Einschichtdecklacke geeignet. Beispiele hierfür sind lösemittelbasierende oder wäßrige Einschichtdecklacke auf Basis hydroxylgruppenhaltiger und/oder aminogruppenhaltiger Bindemittel und Polyisocyanatvernetzer sowie auf Basis aminogruppenhaltiger und acryloylgruppenhaltiger Bindemittel.Suitable solvent-based or water-based single-layer topcoats known to those skilled in the art. Examples of these are solvent-based or aqueous single-layer topcoats based on binders containing hydroxyl groups and / or amino groups and polyisocyanate crosslinkers and on binders based on binders containing amino groups and acryloyl groups.
Die Decklackschichten (Klarlack, Basislack/Klarlack naß-in-naß, Einschichtdecklack) können beipielsweise über längere Zeit, z.B. innerhalb von 18 Stunden (über Nacht), bei Raumtemperatur getrocknet werden. Sie können jedoch auch, gegebenenfalls nach einer Ablüftzeit von etwa 10 bis 30 Minuten, einer Trocknung bei höherenThe topcoat layers (clearcoat, basecoat / clearcoat wet-on-wet, single-coat topcoat) can for example be used over a longer period of time, e.g. be dried within 18 hours (overnight) at room temperature. However, you can also, if necessary after a flash-off time of about 10 to 30 minutes, dry at higher temperatures
Temperaturen, beispielsweise während 20 bis 50 Minuten bei z.B. 40 bis 60°C, unterzogen werden.Temperatures, e.g. for 20 to 50 minutes at e.g. 40 to 60 ° C, are subjected.
Ebenso ist es möglich, die Decklackschichten bei Verwendung entsprechender Bindemittel mittels energiereicher Strahlung, bevorzugt UV-Strahlung zu härten. Bei den hier zu verwendenden Bindemitteln handelt es sich um die bereits vorstehend genannten mittels energiereicher Strahlung zumindest teilweise aushärtbaren Bindemittel.It is also possible to harden the topcoat layers by using high-energy radiation, preferably UV radiation, if appropriate binders are used. The binders to be used here are the binders already mentioned above, which are at least partially curable by means of high-energy radiation.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren findet bevorzugt Anwendung in der Fahrzeug- undThe inventive method is preferably used in vehicle and
Fahrzeugteilelackierung, insbesondere in der Fahrzeugreparaturlackierung. Es kann jedoch auch in der Fahrzeugserienlackierung, insbesondere bei Reparatorlackierungen in der Fahrzeugserienlackierung, angewendet werden.Vehicle parts painting, especially in vehicle refinishing. However, it can also be used in vehicle series painting, in particular for repair painting in vehicle series painting.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erzeugte Füllerschichten sind nach abgeschlossener Härtung sehr gut naß und trocken schleifbar. Es wird eine gleichmäßige reproduzierbare Qualität der Fullerschicht bezüglich Zwischenschichthaftong und Obεrflächεnqualität auch bei variiεrεnden äußeren Bedingungen, insbesondere bei sehr untεrschiεdlicher Luftfeuchtigkeit, erzielt. Ebenso ist eine gleichmäßige Qualität der Lackierung, insbesondere bezüglich Optik und Verlauf, auch an kritischen Stellen wie Sikken oder Kanten gewährleistet. Von Vorteil ist natürlich auch die extrem kurze Trockenzeit, die mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erziεlt wird. Erfolgt die Endhärtung ebεnfalls mit NIR-Strahlung oder auch mit UV-Strahlung, wird auch diesεr Prozεßschritt extrem verkürzt. Die Durchlaufzeiten beispielsweisε in einer Reparatorlackierwerkstatt können dadurch wesentlich verkürzt werdεn, was die Rentabilität der Werkstatt insgesamt verbessert.Filler layers produced with the method according to the invention can be ground very well wet and dry after curing. There will be a uniform, reproducible quality of the fuller layer Interlayer adhesion and surface quality also achieved under varying external conditions, in particular with very harmless atmospheric humidity. Likewise, a uniform quality of the coating, especially with regard to appearance and flow, is also guaranteed at critical points such as sikken or edges. Of course, the extremely short drying time, which is achieved with the method according to the invention, is also advantageous. If the final hardening is also carried out with NIR radiation or also with UV radiation, this process step is also extremely shortened. The throughput times, for example in a repair shop, can thereby be significantly reduced, which improves the overall profitability of the workshop.
Die Erfindung soll an Hand der folgenden Beispiele näher erläutert werden.The invention is illustrated by the following examples.
1. Beispiel1st example
Es wurde ein FüUerbeschichtungsmittel auf Basis eines wasserverdünnbarenThere was a water-thinnable coating
Zweikomponenten (2K-) Epoxid/Amin- Systems entsprechend DE-A-196 25 345, Beispiel Füller 1 hεrgestellt. Der Füller wurde auf einen entsprechend vorbereiteten, mit einer üblichen Grundierung beschichteten Kotflügel eines Kraftfahrzeuges in einer resultierenden Trockenfilmschichtdicke von etwa 80 μm bei 40 % und bei 70 % relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit aufgebracht. Nach 10 Minuten Ablüftzeit beiTwo-component (2-component) epoxy / amine system according to DE-A-196 25 345, example filler 1. The filler was applied to a suitably prepared fender of a motor vehicle coated with a conventional primer in a resulting dry film layer thickness of approximately 80 μm at 40% and at 70% relative atmospheric humidity. After 10 minutes flash off at
Raumtempεratur erfolgte jeweils die Bestrahlung mit einem NIR-Strahler (500 W/cm2) zur Trocknung der Füller. Der Abstand Strahler/ Objekt betrug jeweüs 10 cm, die Bestrahlungszeit 10 s. Die Endhärtung der Füller erfolgte nach 5 Minuten mit einem zweiten NIR-Bestrahlungsschritt unter gleichen Bedingungen, jedoch mit einer Bestrahlungszeit von jeweils 15 s.In each case, the room temperature was irradiated with an NIR radiator (500 W / cm 2 ) to dry the fillers. The distance between the lamp and the object was 10 cm, the irradiation time 10 s. The fillers were finally cured after 5 minutes with a second NIR irradiation step under the same conditions, but with an irradiation time of 15 s each.
Auf die gehärteten Füllerschichten wurde jeweils ein Wasserbasislack (hergestellt entsprechend DE-A-196 43 802 , Her Stellungsbeispiel 4 ) in einer resultierenden Trockenfilmschichtdicke von 13 bis 15 μm appliziert. Nach einer Ablüftphase von 25 Minuten bei Raumtemperatur, wurde jeweils ein lösemittelbasierender Klarlack (BasisA water-based lacquer (produced in accordance with DE-A-196 43 802, position example 4) was applied to the hardened filler layers in a resulting dry film layer thickness of 13 to 15 μm. After a flash-off phase of 25 minutes at room temperature, a solvent-based clear coat (base
OH-funktionelles Acrylatharz/Polyisocyanatvernetzer) in einεr resultierenden Trockenfilmschichtdicke von 50 μm appliziert. Nach einer Ablüftphase von 10 Minuten bei Raumtempεrator εrfolgtε jεwεüs die gemeinsame Härtong von Basislack und Klarlack innerhalb von 30 Minuten bei 60 °C.OH-functional acrylate resin / polyisocyanate crosslinking agent) applied in a resulting dry film layer thickness of 50 μm. After a flash-off phase of 10 Minutes at room temperature, the joint hardening of the basecoat and clearcoat takes place within 30 minutes at 60 ° C.
2. Beispiel2nd example
Es wurde ein Füller auf Basis eines mittels UN-Strahlung härtbaren Bindεmittelsystems hergestellt. Folgendε Komponenten wurden dazu miteinander vermischt und mittels Schnellrührer einige Minuten homogenisiεrt (alle Angaben beziehen sich auf das Gewicht):A filler was produced on the basis of a binder system curable by means of UN radiation. The following components were mixed with one another and homogenized for a few minutes using a high-speed stirrer (all information relates to the weight):
131 Teile eines handelsüblichen aromatischen Epoxyacrylates (Ebecryl ® 600 von131 parts of a commercially available aromatic epoxy acrylate (Ebecryl ® 600 from
UCB)UCB)
56 Tεilε Hexandioldiacrylat 9 Teüe eines handelsüblichen Haftvermittlers 127 Teile handelsüblicher Schwerspat56 parts of hexanediol diacrylate 9 parts of a commercially available adhesion promoter 127 parts of commercially available heavy spar
126 Teile handelsübliches Kaolin126 parts of commercially available kaolin
6,1 Teilε εinεr Mischung handelsüblicher Photoinitiatoren (Arylphosphinoxid- und Acetophenonderivat)6.1 parts of a mixture of commercially available photoinitiators (arylphosphine oxide and acetophenone derivative)
113 Teile Butylacetat113 parts of butyl acetate
Der Füller wurdε auf einen entsprechend vorbereiteten, mit einer üblichenThe filler was prepared for one with a customary one
Grundierung bεschichtεtεn Kotflügel eines Kraftfahrzeuges in einer resultierendenPrimer coated fenders of a motor vehicle in a resulting
Trockenfilmschichtdicke von etwa 60 μm bei 40 % und bei 70 % relativerDry film thickness of around 60 μm at 40% and at 70% relative
Luftfeuchtigkeit aufgebracht. Nach 10 Minutεn Ablüftzeit bei Raumtemperator erfolgt jeweils die Bestrahlung mit einem NIR-Strahler (500 W/cm2). Der AbstandHumidity applied. After 10 minutes flash-off time at room temperature, irradiation is carried out with an NIR radiator (500 W / cm 2) . The distance
Strahler/Objekt betrug 10 cm, die Bestrahlungszeit jeweils 10 s.Spotlight / object was 10 cm, the irradiation time was 10 s each.
Nach 5 Minuten erfolgte die Endhärtung durch Bestrahlen mit UN-Licht mittels einer UN-Blitzlampe (3500 Ws). Es wurde jeweils mit 30 Blitzen (ca. 120 s) in einem Abstand von etwa 20 cm bestrahlt. Vergleich der lacktechnischen ErgebnisseAfter 5 minutes, the final curing took place by irradiation with UN light using a UN flash lamp (3500 Ws). It was irradiated with 30 flashes (approx. 120 s) at a distance of about 20 cm. Comparison of the paint results
Die gemäß Beispiel 1 und 2 mit dem Füller beschichteten Kotflügel zeigen sowohl bei 40 % relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit als auch bei 70 % relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit am gesamten Objekt einschließlich Sicken und Kanten eine einhεitlichε glεichmäßige Oberflächenqualität .The fenders coated with the filler according to Examples 1 and 2 show a uniform surface quality both at 40% relative air humidity and at 70% relative air humidity on the entire object, including beads and edges.
(1) Gitterschnitt in Anlehnung an DIN 53151(1) Cross-cut based on DIN 53151
(2) Fεucht/Warm-Test nach DIN 50017(2) Wet / warm test according to DIN 50017
Es wurden in den Beispielen 1 und 2 jeweils bei 40 und 70 % relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit die gleichen oben genannten Ergebnisse erzielt. The same results mentioned above were obtained in Examples 1 and 2 at 40 and 70% relative atmospheric humidity, respectively.

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE PATENT CLAIMS
1. Verfahren zur Mehrschichtlackierung, wobei auf ein gegebenεnfalls vorbεscbichtεtes Substrat ein Füllerbeschichtungsmittel appliziert und anschließend gεhärtεt wird, auf diε εrhaltεnε Füllεrschicht eine Decklackschicht aus einem färb- und/oder effektgebenden Basislack- und einem Klarlackbeschichtungsmittel oder aus einem pigmentiεrtεn Einschichtdecklack- beschichtongsmittel aufgebracht und gehärtet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach Applikation des Füllerbeschichtungsmittels die noch nicht gehärtete Füllerschicht mit NIR-Strahlung des Wellεnlängεnbereichs von 760 bis 1500 nm bestrahlt wird.1. A process for multi-layer coating, in which case a filler coating agent is applied to a possibly pre-coated substrate and then hardened, a top coat layer composed of a coloring and / or effect-imparting base coat and a clear coat coating agent or a pigment-coated single-coat topcoat is applied to the retaining layer , characterized in that after application of the filler coating agent the not yet hardened filler layer is irradiated with NIR radiation in the wavelength range from 760 to 1500 nm.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein wäßriges2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that an aqueous
FüUerbeschichtungsmittel verwεndεt wird.For coating agent is used.
3. Vεrfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es zur Reparaturlackierung von Fahrzeugkarossεn odεr deren Teilen durchgeführt wird.3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is carried out for the refinishing of vehicle bodies or parts thereof.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekεnnzeichnet, daß die noch nicht gehärtεte wäßrige Füllerschicht vor dem Bestrahlεn mit dεr NIR- Strahlung εinem Ablüften untεrzogεn wird.4. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized gekεnnzeich that the not yet hardened aqueous filler layer prior to irradiation with NIR radiation is ventilated.
5. Vεrfahrεn nach εinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekεnnzeichnet, daß die Bestrahlung mit der NIR-Strahlung zur Trocknung durchgeführt wird.5. Vεrfahrεn according to εinem of claims 1 to 4, characterized gekεnnzeich that the irradiation with the NIR radiation is carried out for drying.
6. Vεrfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzεichnεt, daß die6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the
Bestrahlung mit der NIR-Strahlung in einεm odεr mεhrεrεn Bestrahlungsschritten bis zur Endhärtung durchgeführt wird. Irradiation with the NIR radiation is carried out in one or more irradiation steps until final curing.
7. Vεrfahrεn nach εinεm der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Endhärtung im Anschluß an die Bestrahlung mit dεr NIR-Strahlung bei Raumtempεratur, forciert bei höherεn Tεmpεratorεn, durch Bestrahlen mit UV- oder HR- Strahlung durchgeführt wird.7. Vεrfahrεn according to εinεm of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the final curing following the irradiation with dεr NIR radiation at room temperature, forced at higher Tεmpεratorεn, is carried out by irradiation with UV or HR radiation.
8. Verwendung von NIR-Strahlung im Wellεnlängεnbεreich von 760 bis 1500 nm zur Bestrahlung von Füllerschichten bei der Mehrschichtlackierung von Substraten.8. Use of NIR radiation in the wavelength range from 760 to 1500 nm for irradiating filler layers in the multi-layer coating of substrates.
9. Verwendung nach Anspruch 8 zur Trocknung oder Härtung von wäßrigen Füllerschichtεn.9. Use according to claim 8 for drying or curing aqueous filler layers.
10. Vεrwεndung nach Ansprach 8 odεr 9 bεi dεr Rεparaturlackiεrung von Fahrzeugkarossen oder derεn Tεilen. 10. Use according to speech 8 or 9 in the repair painting of vehicle bodies or their parts.
EP00909361A 1999-03-25 2000-03-14 Method for producing multi-layer paint coatings Revoked EP1087843B1 (en)

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