Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • C07K14/575—Hormones
  • C07K14/62—Insulins
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
  • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides

Definitions

• the present invention relates to novel insulin analogues which are covalent conjugates of an insulin molecule and a derivative of the hormone thyroxine, 3,3' ,5' triiodothyronine .
• T4 thyroxine binding proteins
• T4-insulin conjugate may retain thyroxine activity.
• the present invention seeks to solve this problem while providing a conjugate which retains its hepatoselectivity, insulin activity and circulating protein affinity.
• a new compound according to the invention comprises an insulin molecule covalently bound to 3,3',5'- triiodothyronine .
• the 3 , 3 ' , 5 ' triiodothyronine molecule is not a naturally occurring compound. It is an isomer of 3,5,3' triiodothyronine (T3) and is consequently known as reverse T3 , rT3. It has insignificant activity on thyroxine receptor, but thyroxine binding proteins have an affinity for the molecule. Thus the compound of the invention should have affinity for TBP's and, it is believed, consequential hepatoselectivity whilst the compound and its metabolites should not stimulate thyroxine activity.
• the rT3 moiety should be conjugated to a residue of the insulin molecule such that insulin activity is not adversely affected. As in O-A-95/05187, conjugation is preferably through the Bl residue of insulin. Alternatively the B29 residue may be linked to rT3. In O- 95/07931, the B29 residue may be derivatised and the methods of conjugating a carboxylic acid-containing compound to the B29 residue as disclosed in that reference may be used in the present invention.
• the insulin may be made by recombinant DNA techniques or may be isolated from natural sources, human or animal. Recombinant insulin may have deleted residues as desired, for instance the B29 residue may be deleted. Other residues of naturally occurring insulin may be substituted, usually by conservative substitutions. For instance in WO- A-95/07931, analogues in which the B3 and/or A21 residues are other than those of naturally occurring insulin.
• the rT3 molecule is conjugated to the insulin using conventional biochemical techniques in which pendant groups on the appropriate residue of the insulin molecule are covalently bonded to rT3 , through the carboxylate group. The pendant group is usually the e-amino group of a lysine residue. Any other lysine residues may be rendered unreactive by protecting the e-amine groups using conventional techniques. Protecting groups are removed after conjugation to the rT3 molecule.
• the phenolic OH group of rT3 is protected during the process, also. Either or both of the amine group and the carboxylate group may be activated prior to contact of the insulin with the rT3. Conventional techniques for generation of amide linkages may be used, for instance using known reagents.
• a spacer may be included between the insulin molecule and the rT3 molecule.
• a spacer may, for instance, improve retention of insulin activity and/or TBP-binding.
• a spacer may also be used to control in vivo cleavage and metabolism of the conjugate compound, and consequently its insulin activity.
• a spacer may, for instance include a chain comprising 2 to 22 carbon and/or heteroatoms, such as a 4- 10 atom chain, preferably comprising an alkylene group and carbonyl and/or amino groups, amido groups and or oxygen atoms in ester or ether linkages.
• the insulin-rT3 conjugate has a similar potency relative to human insulin itself. This is in contrast to T4-insulin, which appears to have a greater potency than human insulin. In the presence of binding proteins, especially thyroxin binding proteins, the potency of T4-insulin is reduced, whereas these proteins do not affect the potency of rT3 -insulin. These data indicate that the conjugate is likely to have similar effects as insulin in vivo .
• the novel compound is suitable for use in a method of treatment of the human or animal , for instance to replace insulin in a method of insulin replacement therapy.
• the invention thus comprehends novel compositions containing the compound as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing the compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient .
• the composition is formulated so as to be suitable for administration by the usual routes, generally by subcutaneous injection. Accordingly the carrier is generally aqueous.
• the invention comprehends also a new use of the compound in the manufacture of a medicament for use in a method of treatment of the human or animal body.
• the protein material was diluted in a mixture of 1 ml dimethylformamide, 1.5 ml methanol and 1.5 ml water. The solution was cooled to 0°C and addition of 0.5 ml of ice-cold 2 M sodium hydroxide solution started the cleavage reaction. The reaction was stopped by acidification with 1 ml of 10% (v/v) acetic acid. The protein was precipitated by pipetting the reaction solution into a mixture of 250 ml of ice-cold ether and 20 ml methanol and stirring for 1 h. The ether was decantated from the precipitated protein and the protein dried in vacuo .
• the rT3 -insulin conjugate made in Example 1 is used in various tests to determine the binding potencies of the analogues on liver plasma membrane.
• 125 -Insulin is used as the labelled insulin. It is known that insulin itself inhibits binding of 125 -Insulin.
• THBP does not appear to affect the ability of H-Ins to inhibit the binding of 125 -Insulin to insulin receptors on LPM.
• THBP does not appear to affect the ability of rT3-Ins to inhibit the binding of 125 -Insulin to insulin receptors on LPM.
• TBG seems to have the greatest effect on T4-Ins, i.e. causes the greatest shift.
• the ED50's as calculated by the G-PIP software were inverse logged because the concentrations entered in G-PIP had to be entered as the log of the concentrations. The average (nmol/l)+ SEM of the ED50's was then calculated. The results are shown in Table 1. These give a quantitative idea of the shift, if any in the equilibrium binding curves .
• the Scatchard plot of H-Ins demonstrates the characteristic curvilinear shape of negative co-operativity that should be exhibited by human insulin. It may be seen from the Scatchard plots of rT3-Ins and T4-Ins that these analogues also exhibit negative co-operativity due to their curvilinear shape.
• T4 insulin is Bl-thyroxyl-insulin made according to the technique described in WO-A-95/05187 , Example 1.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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• Biophysics (AREA)
• Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
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• Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
• Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
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• 1998
  • 1998-06-12 CA CA002334859A patent/CA2334859A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-06-12 AU AU80297/98A patent/AU8029798A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-06-12 EP EP98928469A patent/EP1086130A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1998-06-12 WO PCT/GB1998/001722 patent/WO1999065941A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1998-06-12 JP JP2000554766A patent/JP2002518408A/ja active Pending

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