Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
  • B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D36/00—Filter circuits or combinations of filters with other separating devices
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
  • B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
  • B01D61/04—Feed pretreatment
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
  • B01D61/08—Apparatus therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
  • B01D61/145—Ultrafiltration
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
  • B01D61/147—Microfiltration
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
  • B01D61/16—Feed pretreatment
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
  • B01D61/18—Apparatus therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
  • B01D63/10—Spiral-wound membrane modules
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
  • B01D65/08—Prevention of membrane fouling or of concentration polarisation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
  • B01D2311/04—Specific process operations in the feed stream; Feed pretreatment
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
  • B01D2311/16—Flow or flux control
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
  • B01D2321/18—Use of gases
  • B01D2321/185—Aeration
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
  • B01D2321/20—By influencing the flow
  • B01D2321/2033—By influencing the flow dynamically
  • B01D2321/2058—By influencing the flow dynamically by vibration of the membrane, e.g. with an actuator
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
  • B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
  • B01D65/04—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration with movable bodies, e.g. foam balls

Definitions

• THIS INVENTION relates to filters for removing solids from liquids.
• Water which is, without treatment, usable for drinking, agricultural or
• the object of the present invention is to provide a filter which is an improvement over known filters.
• stage filter and which second stage filter includes reverse osmosis membranes for
• said casing is of elongate form, said first and
• a filter comprising an elongate casing bounding an elongate space, an inlet to said
• the second stage filter including reverse
• osmosis membranes for performing ultra filtration or micro filtration and/or for
• the first stage filter, the chamber and the membranes being positioned so that water flows in the direction of the length of
• FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic section through a filter in accordance with the
• Figure 1 also showing the piping connected to the filter
• Figure 2 is a front view of a disc of the filter of Figure 1 , Figure 2 being to a
• Figure 3 is a section through the disc on the line Ill-Ill of Figure 2;
• Figure 4 is a rear view of the disc
• Figure 5 is a view, to a larger scale than Figures 2 to 4, of a spiral flow guide
• FIG. 6 is a section, to a greatly exaggerated scale, illustrating the manner in
• Figure 7 is a pictorial view of a reverse osmosis cartridge
• Figure 8 is a section through a further form of filter
• Figure 9 is an end view of the filter of Figure 8.
• Figure 10 is an "exploded" diagrammatic view of the filter of Figures 8 and 9;
• Figure 11 is a pictorial view, to a larger scale, of part of the filter of Figures 8 o 10;
• Figure 12 is a section through another form of filter
• Figure 13 is an end view of the filter of Figure 12.
• Figure 14 is an "exploded" diagrammatic view of the filter of Figures 12 and
• the filter shown in Figure 1 is designated 10 and comprises a plurality
• Each pipe 12 has a hairpin bend 14
• end caps 22 and 24 Opposite ends of the casing are closed by end caps 22 and 24 which are closed by end caps 22 and 24 which are closed by end caps 22 and 24 which are closed by end caps 22 and 24 which are closed by end caps 22 and 24 which are closed by end caps 22 and 24 which are closed by end caps 22 and 24 which are closed by end caps 22 and 24 which are closed by end caps 22 and 24 which are closed by end caps 22 and 24 which are closed by end caps 22 and 24 which
• locking ring structure 26 is embedded in the wall of the casing 18 when the casing is
• the inner ring 30 is in the form
• the inner rings 30 can be removed by reducing their diameters and
• O-rings (not shown) seal between the end caps 22 and 24 and the casing 18, the O-rings being in grooves 32 and 34 of the end caps 22 and 24.
• the end cap 22 and the disc 16 define a chamber 36 which contains
• a tube 38 extends through the end cap 22, across the chamber 36 and
• a bore 42 passes
• a pump 44 is
• the pump 44 is also connected to a reservoir 50 of
• Valves 52, 54 enable filtered or raw water selectively to be
• the disc 16 has bores 56 therethrough, each end of each pipe 12
• the bores 56 are not arranged axially but at an
• a spiral flow guide 60 is integral with, or secured to, the disc 16 and is
• the guide lies within the peripheral flange 62 that
• the chamber 58 constitutes one end portion of the space designated 64 which is bounded by the disc 16 and the end cap 24.
• membrane material can be used.
• ultra filtration membranes microporous filtration membranes, microporous filtration membranes, microporous filtration membranes, microporous filtration membranes, microporous filtration membranes, microporous filtration membranes, microporous filtration membranes, microporous filtration membranes, microporous filtration membranes, microporous filtration membranes, microporous filtration membranes, microporous filtration membranes, microporous filtration membranes, microporous filtration membranes, microporous filtration membranes, microporous filtration membranes, microporous filtration membranes, microporous filtration membranes, microporous filtration membranes, microporous filtration membranes, microporous filtration membranes, microporous filtration membranes, microporous filtration membranes, microporous filtration membranes, microporous filtration membranes, microporous filtration membranes, microporous filtration membrane
• shut-off valve 72 From the envelope 66, through the walling of the casing 18 to a shut-off valve 72.
• the valve 72 is connected to a source 74 of air or water under pressure.
• the tube 70 passes through a central bore 76 of the end cap 24,
• envelopes 66 and further spacers (not shown) between the envelopes 66 prevent
• a pipe 84 leads from the bore 82 to a T-piece 86.
• pipes which connect to the T-piece are designated 88 and 90.
• the pipe 88 leads to
• valve 92 and the pipe 90 to a valve 94.
• valve 94 Between the valve 94 and the pump 44 there is a T-piece 96.
• a valve 92 and the pipe 90 to a valve 94.
• T-piece 96 Between the valve 94 and the pump 44 there is a T-piece 96.
• a branch pipe 100 leads
• the tube 38 is connected by a pipe 104 to a valve
• the valve 106 is fully open at start-up and the pressure in the space
• the flow rate through the valve 106 is thus adjusted after start up until the
• overflow vortex capable of carrying particles upwardly with it.
• the pressure at the outlet bore 76 of the filter 10 is monitored and,
• the main part of the cleaning sequence involves closure of the valves
• valves 54, 94 and 102 for a brief period and opening of the valves 54, 94 and 102 for a
• valves 52, 98, 92 and 106 re-open, and valves 54, 94 and 102
• valve 106 re-close, the valve 106 must be fully opened and then subsequently adjusted to
• valve 72 is opened briefly, typically for
• envelopes 66 are inflated by air or water under
• the tubes 68 and 70 lead to common manifolds.
• the pipes 12 are of rubber, a rubber compound or a synthetic plastics
• Each pipe 12 has therein a plurality of pores which extend from the
• One such pore designated
• the pore 108 is, at the external surface of the pipe, wider
• the pore is in the region of five microns and at the inner end of the pore is of the
• the pipe wall thickness is about 15mm.
• each pore 108 has therein a mass of grains which act as a filter allowing water to permeate into the hollow interior of the pipe 12 but preventing other solid material from passing through. It will be understood that as the water passes
• pores 108 and the solids accumulation 112 are sucked into the pores 108 with such
• pores 108 are thus blocked and flow through the filter from the pipe 46, through the
• the envelopes 66 can be replaced by a spirally wound membrane, for
• a reverse osmosis membrane in the form of a cartridge 114 as shown in
• the cartridge 114 comprises a central pipe 116 around which reverse
• osmosis packages 118 each comprising two sheets 120, 122 of complex polymer
• the pipe 116 has holes 126 in it, the holes being in rows extending along the pipe. Water in the permeate passages
• passages are designated 130.
• each package 118 The edges to form each package 118.
• the fourth edges are not welded together but
• each row of holes 126 is in communication with the permeate
• the other packages 118 are shown as having the edges of the sheets 120
• the number of packages 118 used depends on the number of rows of
• each package must be positioned so that its permeate passage
• each package 118 are in face-to-face contact with the sheets 120 and 122 of the
• outer sleeve fits into the casing 18.
• passages 130 are open at both axial ends
• the cartridge is used in conjunction with two end caps designated 132
• the end cap 132 comprises a disc 136 and a flange 138 which extends
• the cap 132 is at the end of the cartridge from
• the disc 136 has in it a central hole 140 which
• the function of the end cap 132 is to cause a
• the end cap 134 is at the inlet end of the cartridge. It comprises a disc
• the axes of the holes 148 are not parallel to the axis of the pipe 116
• the prefilter 156 The prefilter
• cylinders 158 are in a chamber 160.
• the inlet to the chamber 160 is designated
• the chamber 164 is bounded on one side by a disc 168 on which the cylinders 158 are mounted and in which the bores 166 are formed and on the other
• the brine outlet from the cartridge 114 is designated 170 and the
• permeated water outlet is designated 172, these being in an end cap 174.
• the cartridge 114 and disc 168 are held in place by spacers
• the inlet 162 is in an end cap 182, there being ring
• Piping generally designated 188 connects the interiors of the cylinders
• a waste pipe 192 leads from the chamber
• the piping shown in Figure 1 is modified to enable a cartridge to be
• the end cap 134 of Figure 14 is shown as having a pattern of holes
• Filters which include the vortex chamber 58 are operated in a vertical
• the pipes 12 can remove all solids above twelve microns in size.
• filter cylinders 158 depending on the mesh used, remove all solids above about 20
• prefilter The type of prefilter selected depends on the solids load of the feed water
• disc filter preferably a self cleaning disc filter, or any other type of filter which will
• the coils are designated 194, 196 and 198. They are embedded in the walls of the

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Nanotechnology (AREA)
• Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
• Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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Families Citing this family (15)

Family Cites Families (7)

• 1999
  • 1999-04-01 MA MA25519A patent/MA25864A1/fr unknown
  • 1999-04-12 PE PE1999000298A patent/PE20000303A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-04-14 AR ARP990101721A patent/AR019068A1/es unknown
  • 1999-04-14 PA PA19998470701A patent/PA8470701A1/es unknown
  • 1999-04-14 TN TNTNSN99063A patent/TNSN99063A1/fr unknown
  • 1999-04-15 JP JP2000543224A patent/JP2003526492A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 1999-04-15 AU AU41026/99A patent/AU4102699A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-04-15 CN CN99804966A patent/CN1296425A/zh active Pending
  • 1999-04-15 EP EP99924551A patent/EP1077754A2/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1999-04-15 EA EA200000928A patent/EA200000928A1/ru unknown
  • 1999-04-15 TR TR2000/03268T patent/TR200003268T2/xx unknown
  • 1999-04-15 IL IL13756799A patent/IL137567A0/xx unknown
  • 1999-04-15 JO JO19992100A patent/JO2100B1/en active
  • 1999-04-15 WO PCT/ZA1999/000016 patent/WO1999052618A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-04-15 KR KR1020007008701A patent/KR20010040807A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-04-15 AP APAP/P/2000/001887A patent/AP2000001887A0/en unknown
  • 1999-04-15 MX MXPA00008077A patent/MXPA00008077A/es unknown
  • 1999-04-15 BR BR9909275-1A patent/BR9909275A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-04-15 CO CO99022543A patent/CO4880803A1/es unknown
  • 1999-04-15 SK SK1396-2000A patent/SK13962000A3/sk unknown
  • 1999-04-15 ID IDW20002089A patent/ID28081A/id unknown
  • 1999-04-15 GB GB0021534A patent/GB2352985A/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1999-04-15 EE EEP200000593A patent/EE200000593A/xx unknown
  • 1999-04-15 PL PL99343548A patent/PL343548A1/xx unknown
  • 1999-04-15 CA CA002328873A patent/CA2328873A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-04-15 HU HU0102953A patent/HUP0102953A3/hu unknown
  • 1999-06-17 TW TW088110158A patent/TW422720B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2000
  • 2000-08-01 BG BG104650A patent/BG104650A/xx unknown
  • 2000-08-31 IS IS5616A patent/IS5616A/is unknown
  • 2000-10-16 NO NO20005195A patent/NO20005195L/no not_active Application Discontinuation

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