EP1075879B1 - Suction device for exhausting polluted air - Google Patents
Suction device for exhausting polluted air Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1075879B1 EP1075879B1 EP00116954A EP00116954A EP1075879B1 EP 1075879 B1 EP1075879 B1 EP 1075879B1 EP 00116954 A EP00116954 A EP 00116954A EP 00116954 A EP00116954 A EP 00116954A EP 1075879 B1 EP1075879 B1 EP 1075879B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- suction
- area
- covering hood
- cover
- suction device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B15/00—Preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced; Collecting or removing dirt or fumes from that area
Definitions
- the invention relates to a suction device for suction polluted air according to the preamble of the claim 1.
- Such a suction device is from DE 31 26 690 C2 known.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of a suction device of the generic type in such a way that on the one hand effective wall-to-floor suction and thereby a significant reduction in one The spray mist rebounded from the cover becomes.
- This task is for a suction device for suction contaminated air of the type described in the introduction by the characteristic features of the Claim 1 solved, with the decisive advantage that both a wall and a floor suction and thereby a significant reduction in one possible Bounce from spray mist possible from the wall is.
- the fact that at least one in the cover another suction area with another slightly larger than the at least one further suction surface trained cover is arranged, which like that Cover hood with formation of air gaps on the edge is arranged in front of the suction surface and being the entire Spray area through the air gaps essential is smaller than the suction area is also in the area the cover hood removes contaminant particles, Color droplets and the like at high speed and therefore not only an effective floor but also effective wall suction. In particular there is a rebound of spray mist on the cover significantly reduced.
- the invention enables in other words a much wider deal Tongue-like reaching into the room the removal of the protective particles causing air flow both in the floor and in the wall area, the is also specifically adjustable, with the result that the high air currents at the boundary layers naturally Turbulence occurs that whirl up and sweep away the particles further favor, in contrast to the usually with only low suction flows forming laminar flow conditions, that make effective removal of paint particles difficult, because of the laminar layers, so to speak can fall through without being carried away to become.
- An advantageous embodiment provides that two further suction surfaces are preferred are arranged symmetrically with two others slightly larger than the other two suction surfaces trained covers, both under formation of marginal air gaps in front of the other two Suction surfaces are arranged, the total passage areas through these air gaps is smaller than the suction area. It goes without saying that these two suction surfaces are not arranged symmetrically have to be, but on the painting and Spray conditions can be adjusted. Furthermore can also more than two such, by covers covered suction surfaces may be provided.
- An advantageous embodiment provides that the Distances of the cover and at least one other Cover hood in front of the respective suction surfaces are adjustable by means of adjustable spacer elements.
- the air gaps can also be created by these spacer elements be enlarged or reduced.
- the adjustment device and the spacer elements can Screws that are either in the housing or on the covers are held in a thread and which, depending by how far they are screwed in or out, the height and depth or the distance between the covers establish.
- cover opposite the housing and the least another cover opposite the cover are also laterally displaceable. Let her through the lateral air gaps and as a result the Adjust the amount of air sucked in through these air gaps.
- suction surface is inclined. Let it this way very favorable flow conditions can be achieved.
- the inclination of the suction surface relative to the Vertical is between 10 and 20 °.
- a suction device according to the invention is shown schematically in the figure shown.
- a suction device has a housing 1 and a cover 2 on. Behind the cover 2 is a suction surface 3 arranged, which is also the front of the Housing 1 forms. The cover 2 is so in front of the suction surface 3 arranged that they largely covered. The edges 4 of the cover 2 are so formed that the suction surface 3 laterally and above is covered. Between the side edges 4, the cover the housing 1 slightly to the side, exist Air gaps 5.
- an adjusting device 9 can be provided.
- she can For example, consist of screws that cover the cover 2 support against the housing 1. By Turn these screws in or out Housing will lower or raise the cover 2 enables. This way the bottom one Air gap 8 and the upper air gap 7 changed. to Change in the air gaps and thus for adjustment the amount of air sucked in at the different air gaps is also provided, the cover 2 through Distance elements 10 to adjust.
- These distance elements 10 can also be designed as a screw for example, in one in the cover 2 Threads are guided. By screwing in the spacer elements 10, preferably in the area of the lower Edge of the cover 2 are arranged, can Lift off the cover 2 from the housing 1 at the bottom. By A lower, wide air gap can thus lift off 8 can be achieved.
- Two additional openings are symmetrical in the cover 2 30, 40 arranged, which in turn by covers 32, 42 are covered. These other covers 32, 42 are like the cover 2 by spacer elements 33, 43 can be lifted off from the further intake openings 30, 40.
- the adjustment is made individually and can be adapted to painting and spraying requirements.
- the flow directions are indicated by arrows shown schematically.
- distributed air intake can take place from all sides. In particular, air can also come from the area next to and be sucked in behind the housing 1.
- a Increased air intake, for example in the floor area can be done by enlarging the bottom Air gap 8 can be reached.
Landscapes
- Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
- Details Or Accessories Of Spraying Plant Or Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Absauggerät zum Absaugen verunreinigter Luft nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a suction device for suction polluted air according to the preamble of the claim 1.
Ein derartiges Absauggerät ist aus der DE 31 26 690 C2 bekannt.Such a suction device is from DE 31 26 690 C2 known.
Bei diesem bekannten Absauggerät werden durch die Abdeckung der Ansaugfläche wesentlich höhere Absaugströmungen erzielt, die wesentlich weiter in den eigentlichen Spritzraum hineinreichen und so auch noch Verunreinigungspartikel oder Farbtröpfchen abfangen, erfassen und mit hoher Geschwindigkeit abtransportieren können, wenn diese sich nur noch in geringer Höhe über dem Boden befinden.In this known suction device through the cover the suction surface significantly higher suction flows achieved that much further in the actual Reach into the spray chamber and so do the contamination particles or intercept droplets of paint and can be transported at high speed, if these are only slightly above Ground.
In vielen Fällen ist nun eine kombinierte Wand-Boden-Absaugung wünschenswert, insbesondere auch um einen möglichen Rückprall von Spritznebel von der Abdeckhaube zu reduzieren.In many cases there is now a combined wall-floor suction desirable, especially one possible rebound of spray mist from the cover to reduce.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Absauggerät der gattungsgemäßen Art derart weiterzubilden, dass einerseits eine effektive Wand-Boden-Absaugung und hierdurch eine deutliche Reduzierung eines Rückpralls des Spritznebels von der Abdeckhaube erzielt wird.The invention is therefore based on the object of a suction device of the generic type in such a way that on the one hand effective wall-to-floor suction and thereby a significant reduction in one The spray mist rebounded from the cover becomes.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Absauggerät zum Absaugen verunreinigter Luft der eingangs beschriebenen Art erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst, mit dem entscheidenden Vorteil, dass sowohl eine Wand- als auch eine Boden-Absaugung und hierdurch eine erhebliche Reduzierung eines möglichen Rückpralls von Spritznebel von der Wand möglich ist. Dadurch, dass in der Abdeckhaube wenigstens eine weitere Ansaugfläche mit einer weiteren geringfügig größer als die wenigstens eine weitere Ansaugfläche ausgebildeten Abdeckhaube angeordnet ist, die wie die Abdeckhaube unter Bildung von randseitigen Luftspalten vor der Ansaugfläche angeordnet ist und wobei die gesamte Spritzfläche durch die Luftspalte wesentlich kleiner ist als die Ansaugfläche wird auch im Bereich der Abdeckhaube ein Abtransport von Verunreinigungspartikeln, Farbtröpfchen u.dgl. mit hoher Geschwindigkeit und daher nicht nur eine effektive Boden- sondern auch eine effektive Wand-Absaugung erzielt. Insbesondere wird ein Rückprall von Spritznebel an der Abdeckhaube deutlich reduziert.This task is for a suction device for suction contaminated air of the type described in the introduction by the characteristic features of the Claim 1 solved, with the decisive advantage that both a wall and a floor suction and thereby a significant reduction in one possible Bounce from spray mist possible from the wall is. The fact that at least one in the cover another suction area with another slightly larger than the at least one further suction surface trained cover is arranged, which like that Cover hood with formation of air gaps on the edge is arranged in front of the suction surface and being the entire Spray area through the air gaps essential is smaller than the suction area is also in the area the cover hood removes contaminant particles, Color droplets and the like at high speed and therefore not only an effective floor but also effective wall suction. In particular there is a rebound of spray mist on the cover significantly reduced.
Dabei verringert sowohl die Abdeckung als auch die wenigstens eine weitere Abdeckung über der wenigstens einen weiteren Ansaugfläche genauso wie die Abdeckung über der Gesamtansaugfläche nicht den Wirkungsgrad der Absaugung, sondern erhöht gezielt das Einbeziehungsvermögen auch größerer Flächenbereiche vor dem Absauggerät sowohl im Bodenbereich als auch im Wandbereich der Abdeckung in den wirksamen Abtransport. Die Erfindung ermöglicht mit anderen Worten ein wesentlich weiter sich in den Raum erstreckendes, zungenartiges Ausgreifen der den Abtransport der Schutzpartikel bewirkenden Luftströmung sowohl im Boden- als auch im Wandbereich, die auch gezielt einstellbar ist mit der Folge, dass durch die hohen Luftströmungen an den Grenzschichten naturgemäß Turbulenzen auftreten, die ein Hochwirbeln und Mitreissen der Partikel weiter begünstigen, im Gegensatz zu den sich üblicherweise bei nur niedrigen Saugströmungen ausbildenden laminaren Strömungsverhältnissen, die einen wirksamen Abtransport von Farbpartikeln erschweren, da diese durch die laminaren Schichten sozusagen durchfallen können, ohne konsequent mitgerissen zu werden.This reduces both the coverage and the least another cover over the at least one further suction surface as well as the cover over the total intake area not the efficiency of the Suction, but specifically increases inclusiveness also larger areas in front of the suction device both in the floor area and in the wall area of the cover in the effective removal. The invention enables in other words a much wider deal Tongue-like reaching into the room the removal of the protective particles causing air flow both in the floor and in the wall area, the is also specifically adjustable, with the result that the high air currents at the boundary layers naturally Turbulence occurs that whirl up and sweep away the particles further favor, in contrast to the usually with only low suction flows forming laminar flow conditions, that make effective removal of paint particles difficult, because of the laminar layers, so to speak can fall through without being carried away to become.
Durch die in den abhängigen Ansprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen der Erfindung möglich. Eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform sieht vor, dass zwei weitere Ansaugflächen vorzugsweise symmetrisch angeordnet sind mit zwei weiteren geringfügig größer als die beiden weiteren Ansaugflächen ausgebildeten Abdeckhauben, die beide unter Bildung von randseitigen Luftspalten vor den beiden weiteren Ansaugflächen angeordnet sind, wobei die Gesamtdurchtrittsflächen durch diese Luftspalte wesentlich kleiner ist als die Ansaugfläche. Es versteht sich, dass diese beiden Ansaugflächen nicht symmetrisch angeordnet sein müssen, sondern auf die Lackier- und Spritzverhältnisse angepasst sein können. Darüber hinaus können auch mehr als zwei derartige, durch Abdeckhauben abgedeckte Ansaugflächen vorgesehen sein.Through the measures listed in the dependent claims are advantageous further developments and improvements the invention possible. An advantageous embodiment provides that two further suction surfaces are preferred are arranged symmetrically with two others slightly larger than the other two suction surfaces trained covers, both under formation of marginal air gaps in front of the other two Suction surfaces are arranged, the total passage areas through these air gaps is smaller than the suction area. It goes without saying that these two suction surfaces are not arranged symmetrically have to be, but on the painting and Spray conditions can be adjusted. Furthermore can also more than two such, by covers covered suction surfaces may be provided.
Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung sieht vor, dass sowohl die Abdeckhaube als auch die wenigstens eine weitere Abdeckhaube in der Höhe und Tiefe und damit gleichzeitig die Breite der oberen und unteren Luftspalte mittels einer Einstellvorrichtung stufenlos verstellbar sind. Auf diese Weise lassen sich die oberen und unteren Luftspalte und als Folge davon die in diesen Bereichen angesaugte Luftmenge einstellen. Wenn beispielsweise im Bereich des Bodens eine stärkere Luftabsaugung erfolgen soll, kann die Abdeckhaube nach oben mittels der ihr zugeordneten Einstellvorrichtung verschoben werden, wodurch der untere Luftspalt vergrößert wird.An advantageous further development provides that both the cover as well as the at least one more Covering hood in height and depth and thus simultaneously the width of the upper and lower air gaps using an adjustment device continuously adjustable are. This way, the top and bottom Air gaps and as a result, those in these areas Adjust the amount of air sucked in. If, for example stronger air suction in the area of the floor the cover can be upwards moved by means of the adjustment device assigned to it which increases the lower air gap becomes.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform sieht vor, dass die Abstände der Abdeckhaube und der wenigstens einen weiteren Abdeckhaube vor den jeweiligen Ansaugflächen durch verstellbare Distanzelemente einstellbar sind. Auch durch diese Distanzelemente können die Luftspalte vergrößert oder verkleinert werden.An advantageous embodiment provides that the Distances of the cover and at least one other Cover hood in front of the respective suction surfaces are adjustable by means of adjustable spacer elements. The air gaps can also be created by these spacer elements be enlarged or reduced.
Die Einstellvorrichtung und die Distanzelemente können Schrauben sein, die entweder im Gehäuse oder an den Abdeckhauben in einem Gewinde gehalten werden und die, je nachdem, wie weit sie heraus- oder hineingedreht sind, die Höhe und Tiefe bzw. den Abstand der Abdeckhauben festlegen.The adjustment device and the spacer elements can Screws that are either in the housing or on the covers are held in a thread and which, depending by how far they are screwed in or out, the height and depth or the distance between the covers establish.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass die Abdeckhaube gegenüber dem Gehäuse und die wenigstens eine weitere Abdeckhaube gegenüber der Abdeckhaube auch seitlich verschiebbar sind. Hierdurch lassen sich die seitlichen Luftspalte und als Folge davon die durch diese Luftspalte angesaugte Luftmenge einstellen. Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform sieht vor, dass die Ansaugfläche geneigt ist. Auf diese Weise lassen sich sehr günstige Strömungsverhältnisse erreichen.Another advantageous embodiment provides that the cover opposite the housing and the least another cover opposite the cover are also laterally displaceable. Let her through the lateral air gaps and as a result the Adjust the amount of air sucked in through these air gaps. Another advantageous embodiment provides that the suction surface is inclined. Let it this way very favorable flow conditions can be achieved.
Es hat sich dabei als besonders vorteilhaft herausgestellt, dass die Neigung der Ansaugfläche gegenüber der Senkrechten zwischen 10 und 20° beträgt.It has been found to be particularly advantageous that the inclination of the suction surface relative to the Vertical is between 10 and 20 °.
Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der nachfolgenden Beschreibung sowie der zeichnerischen Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung. Further advantages and features of the invention are the subject the following description and the graphic Representation of an embodiment of the invention.
In der Figur ist schematisch ein erfindungsgemäßes Absauggerät dargestellt.A suction device according to the invention is shown schematically in the figure shown.
Ein Absauggerät weist ein Gehäuse 1 und eine Abdeckhaube
2 auf. Hinter der Abdeckhaube 2 ist eine Ansaugfläche
3 angeordnet, die gleichzeitig die Frontseite des
Gehäuses 1 bildet. Die Abdeckhaube 2 ist so vor der Ansaugfläche
3 angeordnet, dass sie diese weitgehend
überdeckt. Dabei sind die Ränder 4 der Abdeckhaube 2 so
ausgebildet, dass die Ansaugfläche 3 seitlich und oben
abgedeckt ist. Zwischen den seitlichen Rändern 4, die
das Gehäuse 1 seitlich geringfügig überdecken, existieren
Luftspalte 5.A suction device has a housing 1 and a
Im Bereich des oberen Randes 4 sowie im Bereich des unteren
Randes existieren zwischen dem Gehäuse 1 und der
Abdeckhaube 2 Luftspalte 7 bzw. 8. Zum Einstellen des
unteren Luftspaltes 8 kann im Bereich des oberen Randes
4 eine Einstellvorrichtung 9 vorgesehen sein. Sie kann
beispielsweise aus Schrauben bestehen, welche die Abdeckhaube
2 gegenüber dem Gehäuse 1 abstützen. Durch
Hereindrehen oder Herausdrehen dieser Schrauben in das
Gehäuse wird ein Absenken oder Anheben der Abdeckhaube
2 ermöglicht. Auf diese Weise werden der untere
Luftspalt 8 und der obere Luftspalt 7 verändert. Zur
Veränderung der Luftspalte und damit zur Einstellung
der an den verschiedenen Luftspalten angesaugten Luftmenge
ist weiterhin vorgesehen, die Abdeckhaube 2 durch
Distanzelemente 10 zu verstellen. Diese Distanzelemente
10 können ebenfalls als Schraube ausgebildet sein, die
beispielsweise in einem in der Abdeckhaube 2 befindlichen
Gewinde geführt sind. Durch Hineindrehen der Distanzelemente
10, die vorzugsweise im Bereich des unteren
Randes der Abdeckhaube 2 angeordnet sind, kann sich
die Abdeckhaube 2 unten vom Gehäuse 1 abheben. Durch
weites Abheben kann somit ein unterer breiter Luftspalt
8 erzielt werden.In the area of the
In der Abdeckhaube 2 sind symmetrisch zwei weitere Öffnungen
30, 40 angeordnet, die ihrerseits von Abdeckhauben
32, 42 abgedeckt sind. Diese weiteren Abdeckhauben
32, 42 sind wie die Abdeckhaube 2 durch Distanzelemente
33, 43 von den weiteren Ansaugöffnungen 30, 40 abhebbar.
Die Verstellung erfolgt dabei individuell und kann
auf Lackier- und Spritzerfordernisse angepasst werden.
In der Figur sind durch Pfeile die Strömungsrichtungen
schematisch dargestellt. Wie in der Figur gezeigt ist,
kann von allen Seiten eine verteilte Luftansaugung erfolgen.
Insbesondere kann auch Luft aus dem Bereich neben
und hinter dem Gehäuse 1 angesaugt werden. Eine
verstärkte Ansaugung der Luft beispielsweise im Bodenbereich
kann durch eine Vergrößerung des unteren
Luftspalts 8 erreicht werden.Two additional openings are symmetrical in the
Durch die weiteren Öffnungen 30, 40, die durch weitere
Abdeckhauben 32, 42 abgedeckt sind, wird darüber hinaus
eine sehr vorteilhafte Luftabsaugung im Bereich der Abdeckhaube
2 erzielt. Dabei sind die weiteren Ansaugöffnungen
30 bzw. 40 und die weiteren Abdeckhauben 32 bzw.
42 vorzugsweise in einer Höhe auf der Abdeckhaube 2 angeordnet,
die für das Lackieren eines Gegenstands besonders
vorteilhaft sind. Da die Abdeckhaube 2 leicht
montierbar und demontierbar ist, können Abdeckhauben
gegen andere ausgetauscht werden, die hinsichtlich der
Anzahl und Anordnung der weiteren Ansaugöffnungen und
der ihnen zugeordneten weiteren Abdeckhauben differieren.Through the
Claims (10)
- A suction device for exhausting polluted air, comprising a suction arrangement provided in a housing, wherein the housing for exhausting the polluted air has a suction area on at least one side, and wherein a covering hood (2), which is slightly larger than the suction area (3), is arranged in front of the suction area to form air gaps (5, 7, 8) at the edges, and wherein the total area of passage through the air gaps (5, 7, 8) is substantially smaller than the suction area (3), characterised in that at least one further suction area (30, 40) is provided in the covering hood (2) and has an associated further covering hood (32, 42) which is slightly larger than the at least one further suction area (30, 40) and which is arranged in front of the at least one further suction area (30, 40) to form air gaps at the edges, the total area of passage through the air gaps being substantially smaller than the at least one further suction area (30, 40).
- A suction device according to claim 1, characterised in that two further suction areas (30, 40) are preferably symmetrically arranged in the covering hood (2) and are provided with two associated further covering hoods (32, 42) which are slightly larger than the two suction areas (30, 40) and which are arranged in front of the suction area to form air gaps at the edge, the total areas of passage through the air gaps being substantially smaller than the suction areas.
- A suction device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the covering hood (2) and the further covering hoods (32, 42) are adjustable.
- A suction device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the distance of the covering hood (2) from the suction area (3) and the distance of the at least one further covering hood (32, 42) from the at least one further suction area (30, 40) are variable by means of adjustable spacers (10; 33, 43).
- A suction device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the covering hood (2) is laterally displaceable relative to the housing (1).
- A suction device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the at least one further covering hood (32, 42) is laterally displaceable relative to the covering hood (2).
- A suction device according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterised in that a spacer (10), by means of which the distance between the covering hood (2) and the suction area (3) of the housing (1) on each side of the covering hood (2) is individually adjustable, is provided on each side of the covering hood (2).
- A suction device according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterised in that a spacer (33, 43), by means of which the distance between the at least one further covering hood (32, 42) and the suction area (30, 40) on each side of the at least one further covering hood (32, 42) is individually adjustable, is provided on each side of the at least one further covering hood (32, 42).
- A suction device according to claim 1, characterised in that the suction area (3) is inclined.
- A suction device according to claim 9, characterised in that the inclination of the suction area (3) is between 10° and 20° to the vertical.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19936782 | 1999-08-09 | ||
| DE29913432U DE29913432U1 (en) | 1999-08-09 | 1999-08-09 | Suction device for extracting contaminated air |
| DE1999136782 DE19936782A1 (en) | 1999-08-09 | 1999-08-09 | Suction device to remove dirty air; has casing with suction surfaces having slightly larger covers, to form peripheral air spaces with smaller opening area than suction surfaces |
| DE29913432U | 1999-08-09 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1075879A1 EP1075879A1 (en) | 2001-02-14 |
| EP1075879B1 true EP1075879B1 (en) | 2002-12-18 |
Family
ID=26054487
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00116954A Expired - Lifetime EP1075879B1 (en) | 1999-08-09 | 2000-08-07 | Suction device for exhausting polluted air |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1075879B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE229847T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE50000956D1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3126690C2 (en) * | 1981-03-13 | 1985-08-01 | Schaber, Gerhard, 7270 Nagold | Extraction device for extracting polluted air |
-
2000
- 2000-08-07 DE DE50000956T patent/DE50000956D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-07 EP EP00116954A patent/EP1075879B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-07 AT AT00116954T patent/ATE229847T1/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1075879A1 (en) | 2001-02-14 |
| DE50000956D1 (en) | 2003-01-30 |
| ATE229847T1 (en) | 2003-01-15 |
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