EP1073797B1 - Feuille de papier absorbant gaufre - Google Patents
Feuille de papier absorbant gaufre Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1073797B1 EP1073797B1 EP99916949A EP99916949A EP1073797B1 EP 1073797 B1 EP1073797 B1 EP 1073797B1 EP 99916949 A EP99916949 A EP 99916949A EP 99916949 A EP99916949 A EP 99916949A EP 1073797 B1 EP1073797 B1 EP 1073797B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- protuberances
- cells
- sheet
- sheet according
- embossed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
- D21H27/02—Patterned paper
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
- D21H27/30—Multi-ply
- D21H27/40—Multi-ply at least one of the sheets being non-planar, e.g. crêped
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
- Y10T428/24446—Wrinkled, creased, crinkled or creped
- Y10T428/24455—Paper
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
- Y10T428/24446—Wrinkled, creased, crinkled or creped
- Y10T428/24455—Paper
- Y10T428/24463—Plural paper components
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
- Y10T428/24562—Interlaminar spaces
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
- Y10T428/24612—Composite web or sheet
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of absorbent paper for use sanitary or domestic, and aims a sheet, consisting of at least one embossed fold, intended for the production of toilet paper essentially but also tissues, napkins or possibly paper towels.
- an absorbent paper generally creped, weak weight, referred to as cellulose wadding or wadding.
- cellulose wadding or wadding.
- This operation consists in deforming the latter permanently between a non-deformable cylinder provided with reliefs and a counter-cylinder, for example to resilient coating.
- protuberances are obtained on a face corresponding to cavities on the other side.
- the embossing operation is carried out either on paper with high humidity, that is to say partly wet from the paper machine, or on paper with low humidity. that is, in transformation. We then work a dry leaf, unwound from a mother reel from the paper machine.
- the present invention relates to paper converted into dry part.
- At least a portion of the cells comprise a second pattern formed by second protuberances.
- the Applicant has developed, for toilet paper in particular, patterns whose number of elements is greater, ranging from 30 to 80 per cm 2 . These elements necessarily have a very small surface area at the very top, less than 1 mm 2 .
- an aspect is obtained which mimics that of a woven product.
- An example has been described in EP-A-426 548. This type of embossing pattern, thin and dense is very well suited to induce a thickness effect to the sheet.
- the solution presented in Application FR-A-94 15196 makes it possible to improve the softness of a double-ply sheet with this type of embossing by producing a combined pattern comprising a graphic pattern and a background pattern.
- the first consists of protuberances whose shape is linear with a width between 0.1 and 2 mm, and the second comprises small generally frustoconical protuberances distributed at a rate of at least 30 per cm 2 . Folds are associated with the pattern of linear shape, thus limiting the extent of the surfaces bonded together and the stiffening induced.
- the protuberances of the background pattern must bring out the main motif because they are not easily visible individually to the naked eye because of their necessary small size.
- the graphic pattern that is embossed on the cylinder bears on the embossing rubber like the pins of the background pattern.
- the pimples of background pattern by their small size being more embossing than those of the graphic pattern it This results in a lower marking definition for the latter.
- the required embossing conditions lead to deterioration properties of the sheet, including its strength, both on the edges of the pattern himself and on the backstory. They also lead to a deterioration of operating conditions, for example degradation of rubber.
- the proportion of embossed surface according to the background pattern is largely Majority: 80% of the area in practice. It is he who ensures the essential of functional characteristics related to embossing, namely thickness and absorption. In manufacture, the high load exerted between the engraving and the rubber counterpart, on a large number of elements. This reduces the local constraints and the risks of tearing the sheet. We also divide substantially isotropic charge on the sheet, which limits the risks of creation of fracture lines.
- the subject of the invention is a sheet of corrugated absorbent paper having a more elaborate pattern than a simple frame pattern without the use of protuberances linear.
- Another object of the invention is to ensure homogeneous marking and good definition of the pattern
- the subject of the invention is also a sheet of embossed absorbent paper, two or more plies, whose embossing pattern makes it possible to better preserve the flexibility of folds after association.
- the invention further relates to an embossed paper absorbent paper having characteristics of thickness and strength of the same order as those of a sheet whose embossing is uniformly distributed and uniformly greater than 30 protrusions per cm 2 .
- a sheet of absorbent paper in particular of creped cellulose wadding, with a grammage of between 10 and 40 g / m 2 , comprising on one face first surface protuberances at the apex of less than 1 mm 2 , corresponding to cavities on the other side, is characterized in that said protuberances are distributed at a rate of more than 30 per cm 2 along lines parallel to each other, so as to delimit together cells whose total area occupies at least 30%, preferably at least 50% of the surface of the sheet, these cells being themselves not or slightly embossed.
- a cell is a surface portion of the leaf surrounded by lines parallels of the first protuberances and themselves presenting 30% of non rasterized.
- the shape of these cells is any but preferably it is geometric.
- the lines defining them can intersect in order to draw a grid, but cells can also be disjointed.
- a sheet whose embossing was thus defined had the same thickness and strength characteristics as a sheet embossing composed of the same elements, evenly distributed over all its surface at a higher uniform density. This is particularly interesting when one wishes to make a sheet with several folds thus embossed because the non-uniform distribution allows a partial connection of the folds between them. It results greater flexibility.
- the calendering results from the action of the rubber against the cylinder on the sheet when it bears on the surface of the cylinder between the pins.
- the calendering makes the sheet smoother by removing the roughness. It improves the perception of softness. This is further improved if the calendered area is sufficiently extended to the touch. For this reason, advantage is taken of the solution of the invention if the calendered surface portions are at least 1 cm 2 . This corresponds to the contact surface of the fingers with the leaf.
- the first protuberances are distributed in at least three rows when the cells are adjacent. Indeed, a lower number is likely to form preferential break lines.
- the lines are wavy. So we further reduces the risk of forming lines of minimal resistance.
- the sheet comprises seconds protuberances inside the cells.
- they are isolated protuberances.
- the protuberances are grouped so as to spare sub-cells sufficiently large so that when embossing the rubber is likely to touch the bottom of the engraving and thus ensure the calendering of the leaf at this place.
- These second protuberances are advantageously arranged in unit lines parallel to the edges of the cells. These protuberances do not occupy no case more than 15% of the surface of the cell.
- the first protuberances define at least 5 cells per coupon, preferably 15 to 20.
- the second protuberances between them or between them and the first protuberances up to 100 sub-cells.
- a coupon is the portion of leaf that one detaches according to a precut line transversely in a roll of paper toilet for example.
- the cells are not adjacent.
- the space between the cells can then be occupied by a halftone area.
- This halftone zone being preferably of embossing density different from that first protuberances.
- the sheet constitutes at least one fold of a multi-fold sheet. Indeed, thanks to the arrangement in cells of the protuberances allows a partial link mode and obtaining a more flexible multi-fold product.
- the sheet shown is a sheet of creped cellulose wadding having a basis weight of between 10 and 40 g / m 2 .
- the dots represent protuberances on one side and cavities on the opposite side. These protuberances have been obtained by deforming the sheet between an element, such as a cylinder, with a rigid surface and a counterpart, such as a resiliently coated cylinder, made of rubber, for example.
- the rigid surface has reliefs arranged in the pattern that is desired to obtain on the sheet of cellulose wadding.
- the pimpled shape is frustoconical and have a circular, oval or polygonal cross section.
- the represented pattern is composed of juxtaposed cells delimited by multiple rows of first protuberances arranged in braces.
- diamond-shaped cell C is defined by rows triples B1, B2, B3 of protuberances. We observe that these rows have a shape corrugated.
- the first protuberances are arranged so that the local density of the protuberances is greater than 30 per cm 2 . Preferably, it is greater than 60 per cm 2 . They have a top surface less than 1 mm 2 .
- the number of rows or rows is at least three when delineating adjacent cells.
- cell C is not embossed or has non embossed delimited by second protuberances of isolated type I. protuberances between them or between them and the edges of the cell, areas, called sub-cells, where the sheet is calendered. This calendering is only possible if there is sufficient free space to allow the resilient material to counterpart to come to bear against the bottom surface between the pins. According to the mode depicted, these isolated protuberances form lines parallel to the edges of the cells and divide them into 9 sub-cells.
- the pattern of the prior art consists of protuberances uniformly distributed according to, for example, rows oriented substantially walking direction and arranged in staggered rows, at the rate of 80 protuberances per cm 2 .
- the area at the top of the embossing pins is 4.4 mm 2 .
- the pattern occupies 100% of the surface.
- the pattern of the invention tested is that shown in Figure 1.
- the average number of protuberances is 25 per cm 2 .
- the density rises to 60 protuberances per cm 2 .
- the protuberances occupy 20% of the surface of the leaf; in other words, all the sub-cells occupy 80% of the surface.
- the imprint is the width of the mark of the rigid cylinder on the cylinder made of rubber. For the same quality of rubber this value depends on the pressure exerted. Thus, the larger the footprint, the higher the pressure.
- the 0 value of the imprint indicates the characteristics of the sheet before embossing. In showing the values on a graph of Figure 2 representing the resistance to tearing the sheet according to the thickness, and drawing a regression line between the values reported, it can be seen that the ground of the invention presents characteristics equivalent to those of a pattern of the prior art.
Landscapes
- Machines For Manufacturing Corrugated Board In Mechanical Paper-Making Processes (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
Description
Motif de l'art antérieur | Motif de la figure | |
Densité moyenne | 80 p/cm2 | 25 p/cm2 |
Densité locale | 80 p/cm2 | 60 p/cm2 |
Diamètre des picot | 0,4 mm | 0,4 mm |
% surface gaufrée | 100% | 20% |
Empreinte en mm | Epaisseur(mm) / Résistance N/m | Epaisseur (mm) / Résistance (N/m) |
0 | 0,21/100 | 0,21/100 |
15 | 0,33/75 | 037/74 |
19 | 0,49/51 | 0,45 / 64 |
22 | 0.52/51 |
Claims (11)
- Feuille de papier absorbant, notamment d'ouate de cellulose, comportant sur une face des premières protubérances de surface au sommet inférieure à 1 mm2, correspondant à des cavités sur l'autre face, caractérisée en ce que lesdites premières protubérances sont réparties à raison de plus de 30 par cm2, selon des lignes parallèles entre elles, de manière à délimiter ensemble des cellules (C) dont la surface totale occupe au moins 30% de la surface de la feuille, lesdites cellules (C) étant elles mêmes pas ou peu gaufrées.
- Feuille selon le revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que la surface totale des cellules occupe au moins 50% de sa surface.
- Feuille selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que les premières protubérances sont réparties selon au moins trois lignes (B1, B2, B3) entre deux cellules adjacentes (C).
- Feuille selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce que lesdites lignes sont ondulées.
- Feuille selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte des secondes protubérances isolées (I) délimitant des sous-cellules à l'intérieur des cellules (C).
- Feuille selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce que les premières protubérances définissent au moins 5 cellules par coupon.
- Feuille selon la revendication précédente caractérisée en ce que les premières protubérances définissent de 15 à 20 cellules par coupon.
- Feuille selon l'une des revendications 6 ou 7 caractérisée en ce que les secondes protubérances définissent entre elles ou entre elles et les premières protubérances au maximum 100 sous-cellules.
- Feuille selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce que les cellules (C) ne sont pas adjacentes.
- Feuille selon la revendication précédente caractérisée en ce que l'espace intercellulaire est occupé par une trame de densité différente de celle définissant les cellules.
- Feuille selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce qu'elle constitue au moins un pli d'une feuille multi-pli.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9805147A FR2777919B1 (fr) | 1998-04-24 | 1998-04-24 | Feuille de papier absorbant gaufre |
FR9805147 | 1998-04-24 | ||
PCT/FR1999/000972 WO1999055967A1 (fr) | 1998-04-24 | 1999-04-23 | Feuille de papier absorbant gaufre |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1073797A1 EP1073797A1 (fr) | 2001-02-07 |
EP1073797B1 true EP1073797B1 (fr) | 2004-06-16 |
Family
ID=9525636
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99916949A Expired - Lifetime EP1073797B1 (fr) | 1998-04-24 | 1999-04-23 | Feuille de papier absorbant gaufre |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6423397B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1073797B1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2329761C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69918094T2 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK1073797T3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2222699T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2777919B1 (fr) |
PT (1) | PT1073797E (fr) |
TR (1) | TR200003112T2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1999055967A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1149552A1 (fr) * | 2000-04-28 | 2001-10-31 | Georgia-Pacific France | Produit en papier absorbant tel que serviette ou mouchoir, procédés pour fabriquer un tel produit et dispositifs pour la mise en oeuvre de tels procédés |
US20050230069A1 (en) * | 2001-02-16 | 2005-10-20 | Klaus Hilbig | Method of making a thick and smooth embossed tissue |
US7407560B2 (en) * | 2001-02-16 | 2008-08-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Lotioned and embossed tissue paper |
ES2287087T3 (es) * | 2001-03-09 | 2007-12-16 | Georgia-Pacific France | Hoja de papel con pequeños cojines. |
PT1319748E (pt) * | 2001-12-12 | 2008-07-29 | Georgia Pacific France | Folha múltipla de papel absorvente |
EP1331308A1 (fr) * | 2002-01-25 | 2003-07-30 | Georgia-Pacific France | Feuille de papier absorbant gaufré, cylindre pour le gaufrage et son procédé de mise en oeuvre |
EP1455014B1 (fr) * | 2003-03-07 | 2011-08-17 | Georgia-Pacific France | Produit en papier absorbant gaufré |
US20040191486A1 (en) * | 2003-03-25 | 2004-09-30 | Underhill Richard Louis | Cloth-like tissue sheets having camouflaged texture |
US7744981B2 (en) * | 2006-03-06 | 2010-06-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Embossed multi-ply fibrous structure product |
DK1878830T3 (da) * | 2006-07-11 | 2010-01-11 | Procter & Gamble | Flerlagstissueartikel, som har en bestemt udformning af prægede fordybninger og indeholder en blödgörende lotion |
USD632896S1 (en) | 2009-03-10 | 2011-02-22 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Paper product |
USD640473S1 (en) | 2009-03-10 | 2011-06-28 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Paper product |
US8211271B2 (en) * | 2010-08-19 | 2012-07-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Paper product having unique physical properties |
USD668058S1 (en) * | 2011-09-02 | 2012-10-02 | The Clorox Company | Sheet material with pattern |
US9926654B2 (en) | 2012-09-05 | 2018-03-27 | Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc | Nonwoven fabrics comprised of individualized bast fibers |
EP2971313B1 (fr) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-07-18 | GPCP IP Holdings LLC | Tissus non tissés constitués de fibres libériennes courtes et individualisées, et produits fabriqués à partir desdits tissus |
BR112015022040A2 (pt) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-07-18 | Georgia Pacific Consumer Products Lp | substrato de lenço dispersível em água |
USD738632S1 (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2015-09-15 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Paper product with surface pattern |
EP3177760B1 (fr) | 2014-08-07 | 2022-09-14 | GPCP IP Holdings LLC | Toile non tissée dispersible structurée constituée de fibres du liber individualisées hydro-enchevêtrées |
USD763583S1 (en) | 2015-02-05 | 2016-08-16 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Paper product |
USD824180S1 (en) | 2016-08-04 | 2018-07-31 | Clearwater Paper Corporation | Paper product with embossing pattern |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3414459A (en) * | 1965-02-01 | 1968-12-03 | Procter & Gamble | Compressible laminated paper structure |
FR2653793B1 (fr) * | 1989-10-30 | 1992-01-03 | Kaysersberg Sa | |
CA2069193C (fr) * | 1991-06-19 | 1996-01-09 | David M. Rasch | Papier de soie portant de grands motifs decoratifs et appareil de fabrication utilise pour ce faire |
US5620776A (en) * | 1992-12-24 | 1997-04-15 | James River Corporation Of Virginia | Embossed tissue product with a plurality of emboss elements |
US5458950A (en) * | 1993-03-29 | 1995-10-17 | The James River Corporation | Paper towel with dual level diagonal infundibulate striae of slitted elongate hexagonal bosses |
FR2728152B1 (fr) * | 1994-12-16 | 1997-01-24 | Kaysersberg Sa | Papier absorbant gaufre a motifs combines |
-
1998
- 1998-04-24 FR FR9805147A patent/FR2777919B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-04-23 TR TR2000/03112T patent/TR200003112T2/xx unknown
- 1999-04-23 DK DK99916949T patent/DK1073797T3/da active
- 1999-04-23 PT PT99916949T patent/PT1073797E/pt unknown
- 1999-04-23 CA CA002329761A patent/CA2329761C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-04-23 ES ES99916949T patent/ES2222699T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-23 WO PCT/FR1999/000972 patent/WO1999055967A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1999-04-23 DE DE69918094T patent/DE69918094T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-23 US US09/673,848 patent/US6423397B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-23 EP EP99916949A patent/EP1073797B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2329761C (fr) | 2009-06-23 |
US6423397B1 (en) | 2002-07-23 |
TR200003112T2 (tr) | 2001-03-21 |
DE69918094D1 (de) | 2004-07-22 |
WO1999055967A1 (fr) | 1999-11-04 |
EP1073797A1 (fr) | 2001-02-07 |
FR2777919A1 (fr) | 1999-10-29 |
DE69918094T2 (de) | 2005-08-11 |
FR2777919B1 (fr) | 2000-06-02 |
DK1073797T3 (da) | 2004-07-19 |
ES2222699T3 (es) | 2005-02-01 |
PT1073797E (pt) | 2004-09-30 |
CA2329761A1 (fr) | 1999-11-04 |
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