EP1069241A1 - Method for producing a surfacing and groundcovering - Google Patents

Abstract

The covering material consists of a mixture of a bitumen binder (4) and crushed rock (1, 5) with the binder having a density greater than that of the rock. The rock particles are preferably 2 - 18 mm in size and comprise between 25 and 55 per cent of the mixture's mass. After laying, the surface of the layer is ground, e.g. by diamond plates, and then cleaned with rotary plastic brushes and water to leave the surface rock particles exposed. The resultant slurry is removed by suction.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a floor covering as well as a floor covering.

The surfaces of high traffic traffic lanes such as the various surfaces of Public Reception Areas (ERP), such as stations, as well as industrial floors capable of supporting installations or heavy vehicles, are usually made of asphalt. This asphalt is conventionally formulated from materials having a density between 2.6 and 2.9 g / cm ³ . Such a coating has two major drawbacks. The first is linked to its composition which leads to a surface condition lacking in roughness due to the normal tendency of the largest aggregates to settle and settle. The other disadvantage results from the black color of the asphalt. Indeed, like any black material, such an asphalt has a strong light absorption and thus acts against the efforts made to improve the safety of movement in particular for people with reduced visibility. Furthermore, it must be admitted that a black surface, even a clean one, cannot always be considered aesthetic.

Asphalt-based flooring could be replaced by reconstituted soils with hydraulic binder or binder resin, and this either in slabs or cast. However, if we can obtain soils capable of meeting certain related requirements the particular use to which the soil is to be exposed, the fact remains that the implementation is not always as easy as applying an asphalt, which of course also has a impact on the price of the realization of the ground.

In addition, asphalt benefits from significant advantages, in particularly its reduced hardening time, its properties acoustic and electric and its ease of maintenance.

The invention provides a floor covering that is simple to apply. and having a good resistance value to different agents wear and aggression inherent in heavy loads and the corresponding production method.

We also know many types of asphalt including that of patent FR-2,610,918 which was developed and used in because of its high surface roughness.

In this process, an asphalt consisting of a mortar and gravel, the mortar comprising a mixture of minus a bitumen and a filler, the mass ratio volume of asphalt mortar to that of gravel being greater than 1.

According to the invention, the step of spreading the asphalt is followed a mechanical surface treatment step.

The mechanical surface treatment is obtained by sanding.

Thus, it is possible to adapt the technique of patent FR-2,610,918 cited above to solve the problem of the invention.

It is understood that the step of spreading the asphalt and the sanding step are separated from each other by a period time that the asphalt cools and hardens.

The application of an asphalt having the characteristics stated above, has the advantage of obtaining a coating having both surface properties avoiding the risks of slip of users and a waterproofing function of the support. Sanding provides a substantially surface smooth, but not slippery, facilitating both the movement of people or heavy equipment and its maintenance and providing pleasant visual appearance.

Indeed, the ratio of the density of gravel to that of the mortar charge is chosen so as to find the gravel floating on the mortar. Sanding allows so - in addition to producing a flat surface of the coating - to expose the inside of the gravel according to cut faces which together constitute the plane of the surface of the covering. The gravel then have, through these cutting faces, a pattern determined by the internal structure of each gravel cut and by the shape of its cutting face, as well as a color other than the usual color of uncut chippings. Of more, the mineralogical nature of the gravel determines in which measures the cutting faces are smooth and possibly slippery.

Since the gravel must be sufficiently hard to be able to support heavy weights and to be able to resist mechanical attacks linked to the use of the ground, on the one hand, and have a porosity low enough to be impregnated as little as possible with bitumen, on the other hand, gravel tend to be slippery. Asphalt mortar remedies this by its non-slip nature. It is therefore advisable to determine the particle size of the gravel so as to obtain a appropriate ratio of the dimensions of the cutting faces of gravel on the surface of the asphalt mortar which gives the non-slippery surface of the floor covering.

• le traitement superficiel mécanique est effectué jusqu'à ce que la rugosité de l'asphalte soit inférieure à 0,8 ;
• le traitement superficiel mécanique est un ponçage qui est effectué en présence d'eau et la boue résultante est récupérée par aspiration ;
• l'étape de ponçage est suivie d'une étape de nettoyage du sol à la brosse.

The invention also relates to the following characteristics, considered in isolation or in all their technically possible combinations:

• the mechanical surface treatment is carried out until the roughness of the asphalt is less than 0.8;
• the mechanical surface treatment is a sanding which is carried out in the presence of water and the resulting sludge is recovered by suction;
• the sanding step is followed by a floor cleaning step with a brush.

The floor covering consists of an asphalt mortar and gravel, the ratio of the density of the mortar asphalt to that of gravel being greater than 1.

According to the invention, the floor covering is sanded and its roughness is less than 0.8.

The floor covering defined above benefits from a report advantageous quality / price and ease of implementation thanks to its asphalt nature. It is an evolution of asphalt by the choice of its composition and certain technical aspects of its implementation. Incidentally, the flooring of the invention makes it possible to obtain a better aesthetic appearance of the floors by an appropriate choice of the nature of the gravel and their color.

Thanks to its non-slip characteristic and thanks to its high resistance to traffic, the coating of the invention lends itself more particularly to an application on surfaces such as urban and road roads, surfaces of traffic for public transport users at outside and inside a station, ramps, industrial floors, and in general ERP.

• la charge a une masse volumique comprise entre 3 et 5 g/cm³;
• le mortier a une masse volumique supérieure à celle des gravillons;
• le rapport de la masse volumique des gravillons à celle de la charge, tout aussi bien que le rapport de la masse volumique du mortier à celle des gravillons, est choisi de façon à trouver les gravillons en état de flottaison par la poussée de bas en haut (poussée d'Archimède) qui les amène et qui les maintient à la surface du revêtement;
• les gravillons proviennent d'un concassage et broyage de roches dures;
• les gravillons ont une masse volumique de l'ordre de 2,5 à 3 g/cm³;
• les gravillons ont une porosité inférieure à 0,7, évitant ainsi la percolation du liant dans les gravillons pendant la phase de fabrication de l'asphalte;
• les gravillons ont une dureté suivant l'échelle MOHS comprise entre 5 et 7;
• les gravillons ont une granulométrie comprise entre 2/6 et 14/18 ou forment un mélange d'au moins deux de ces granulométries;
• la charge du mortier a une granulométrie inférieure à 3 mm.

The invention also relates to the following characteristics, considered in isolation or in all their technically possible combinations:

• the filler has a density of between 3 and 5 g / cm ³ ;
• the mortar has a density greater than that of gravel;
• the ratio of the density of the gravel to that of the load, as well as the ratio of the density of the mortar to that of the gravel, is chosen so as to find the gravel in a floating state by the push from bottom to top (Archimedes' push) which brings them in and keeps them on the surface of the covering;
• the gravel comes from a crushing and crushing of hard rocks;
• the gravel has a density of the order of 2.5 to 3 g / cm ³ ;
• the gravel has a porosity of less than 0.7, thus avoiding percolation of the binder in the gravel during the asphalt manufacturing phase;
• the gravel has a hardness according to the MOHS scale of between 5 and 7;
• the gravel have a particle size between 2/6 and 14/18 or form a mixture of at least two of these particle sizes;
• the mortar load has a particle size less than 3 mm.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description of an example of implementation of the production method according to the invention, of the description of a example of a floor covering composition according to the invention and of the description of a soil represented schematically on the drawings.

la Fig. 1 est une vue de dessus d'un sol selon l'invention et

la Fig. 2 est une vue en coupe du sol de la Fig. 1.

In these drawings:

Fig. 1 is a top view of a floor according to the invention and

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the floor of FIG. 1.

Here we mean by asphalt mortar, the mixture constituted by the filler, generally accompanied by a sand, which constitute the load and the bitumen. Bitumen can be combined with different additives and constitutes the binder.

The asphalt mixture consists of a mortar asphaltic incorporating gravel.

Among the additives that can be associated with bitumen, can find a fondant.

A flux is an additive with a high viscosity at a so-called intermediate temperature (around 60 ° C) and a very low viscosity at a so-called high temperature (of the order of 160 ° C). For example, HOSTAMONT or LICOMONT BS 100 marketed by the Clariant Company gives good results.

Before implementing the method of the invention, a a number of preparatory measures can be taken. Thus, the support on which the asphalt according to the invention must be spread, must be perfectly smooth and in particular without holes or bumps. To facilitate the subsequent removal of the coating, kraft paper can be unrolled on the support. In addition, a frame consisting of a glass grid can be unwound on surfaces with a slope greater than 3%. To achieve the layout, you can use solid brass rods. The surface of the modules obtained by this fractionation is variable and depends in particular on the dimensions of the soil to be produced. For some subsequent maintenance work, the layout avoids the patching phenomenon.

After these preparatory measures, or any other measures usually taken when laying asphalt, it is proceeded spreading the asphalt of the invention. For this purpose, the casting of the asphalt is carried out at a temperature of the order of 180 to 240 ° C. The result obtained gives a highly grainy asphalt.

The asphalt spreading step is followed by an interval approximately 24 hours during which the asphalt cools and hardens. The minimum duration of this interval depends on the place and the season.

When the asphalt is cooled and hardened, the surface can then be temporarily left for traffic. We then proceed to a mechanical surface treatment of its surface.

This treatment is a sanding. It eliminates at least partially a possible surface layer of bitumen and made appear the gravels, while partially polishing them.

In a particular embodiment, the surface roughness obtained by reference to measurements made at pendulum S.R.T. according to French standard N.F. P 18 578.

The asphalt sanding is advantageously carried out with a sander equipped with a rotary plate on which are mounted diamond plates. Sanding is done with water. Mud resulting from this surface treatment is immediately recovered by a vacuum cleaner to be sent to controlled landfills or to be collected and specially treated.

In order to have a perfect finish of the floor made by setting work of the process of the invention, and also to recover the maximum of mud, the sanding step is advantageously followed by a cleaning step using a rotary brush with plastic brushes, for example that known under the registered trademark "Nylon".

According to a particular embodiment of the implementation of the method of the invention, a step of applying an emulsion protection may be provided.

The emulsion improves the visual perception of the coating and in particular increases the shine of the ground. In addition, such emulsion, advantageously implemented in two layers fine, reduces the sensitivity of the soil to fouling and facilitates its interview.

The asphalt used for implementing the process of the invention may have, by way of nonlimiting example, a formulation or composition within the limits indicated below, the parts being given by weight: (at) mortar: • total binding fraction: 5 to 6% of which crude petroleum distillation bitumen: 4 to 5% of which natural bitumen from Trinidad: 1% of which asphalt powder according to desired workability • mineral fraction filler: limestone or siliceous from the molding of rocks whose particle size is less than 80 µm: 14 to 20% sand 30 to 40% (b) hard rock gravel: 30 to 45%

The grain size of the gravel as well as the color of the chippings are chosen according to the desired result. So that the choice of the color of the gravel essentially corresponds to aesthetic aspects or surface distinction according to their uses, the choice of grain sizes is made essentially to meet technical requirements. In Indeed, a mixture of different particle sizes promotes a homogeneous distribution of gravel. We can implement natural or artificial chippings, their MOHS hardness is advantageously between 5 and 7. These gravel have advantageously a size between 2 and 18 mm. We can also use a mixture of gravel from different particle size cuts included in this interval so to better control the proportions of gravel of different sizes. The load of gravel is advantageously of the order of 25 to 55% by mass of the asphalt mixture.

Figures 1 and 2 respectively show a surface a floor according to the invention and a floor covering according to the invention in a vertical section.

Gravel 1 is presented with their cutting faces 2 updates by sanding. Spaces 3 between gravel 1 are filled with a mortar 4. Gravel 5, uncut these, occupy with the gravel 1 the upper part of the flooring. The lower part is occupied by a charge 6.

Figure 2 clearly represents the flotation effect at which gravel 1 and 5 are subject because of the density greater load compared to that of gravel. And the Figure 2 also shows layer 7 of the floor covering. This layer 7 is removed by sanding.

The implementation of a process for producing a soil according to the invention and obtaining a floor covering according to the invention make it possible to produce an asphalt floor which brings together the advantages of a simple and easy implementation, comparable to that of any other implementation of conventional asphalt with the advantage of a hard floor covering, resistant to attack mechanical, such as punching, creep, tearing as well as chemical aggressions such as effects of a spill of fat, sugary liquid or tights. In addition, such a soil has good characteristics non-slip and reflective which contributes to the safe movement of people and devices on high traffic areas.

The invention allows the implementation of the technique of stamping: stamping is applied, immediately after placing the asphalt mixture, while still warm and malleable. We can thus realize decorative, raised patterns that remain apparent after mechanical surface treatment.

An emulsion can be applied to the coating after mechanical surface treatment to facilitate its maintenance.

Finally, note that, in the event of deformations due to exceptional constraints (works for example) or to pollution, the floor covering of the invention lends itself particularly good at resurfacing by sanding giving it back its original appearance and properties.

Claims (10)

Method for producing a floor, comprising a step spreading an asphalt consisting of mortar and gravel, the mortar comprising a mixture of at least one bitumen and a load, the ratio of the density of the asphalt mortar to that of the gravel being greater than 1, and a step of mechanical surface treatment. Method for producing a floor according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical surface treatment is performed until the roughness of the asphalt is less than 0.8. Method of producing a floor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mechanical surface treatment is a sanding which is carried out in the presence of water and in that the resulting sludge is recovered by suction. Method for producing a floor according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the sanding step is followed by a brush floor cleaning step. Floor covering consisting of an asphalt mortar and of gravel, the ratio of the density of the mortar asphalt to that of gravel being greater than 1, characterized in that its surface is smooth, its roughness being less than 0.8. Floor covering according to claim 5, characterized in that the filler has a density of between 3 and 5 g / cm ³ and in that the gravel comes from the crushing and grinding of hard rocks. Floor covering according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the gravel has a porosity less than 0.7. Floor covering according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the gravel has a particle size between 2/6 or 14/18 or are a mixed at least two of these particle sizes. Floor covering according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the filler has a particle size less than 3 mm. Floor covering according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the charge consists of a slag chemically inert.

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