FR2796404A1 - METHOD FOR PRODUCING A FLOOR AND COVERING A FLOOR - Google Patents

Abstract

The covering material consists of a mixture of a bitumen binder (4) and crushed rock (1, 5) with the binder having a density greater than that of the rock. The rock particles are preferably 2 - 18 mm in size and comprise between 25 and 55 per cent of the mixture's mass. After laying, the surface of the layer is ground, e.g. by diamond plates, and then cleaned with rotary plastic brushes and water to leave the surface rock particles exposed. The resultant slurry is removed by suction.

Description

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  The invention relates to a method for producing a

  floor covering as well as a floor covering.

  The surfaces of high traffic traffic lanes such as the various surfaces of Public Reception Areas (ERP), such as stations, as well as industrial floors capable of supporting installations or heavy vehicles, are usually made of asphalt. This asphalt is conventionally formulated from materials having a density between 2.6 and 2.9 g / cm3. Such a coating has two major drawbacks. The first is linked to its composition which leads to a surface condition lacking in roughness due to the normal tendency of the largest aggregates to settle and settle. The other disadvantage results from the black color of the asphalt. Indeed, like any black material, such an asphalt has a strong light absorption and thus acts against the efforts made to improve the safety of movement in particular for people with reduced visibility. Furthermore, it must be admitted that a black surface, even a clean one, cannot

always be considered aesthetic.

  The asphalt-based floor coverings could be replaced by reconstituted floors with hydraulic binder or resin binder, and this either in slabs or cast. However, if it is possible to obtain soils capable of meeting certain requirements linked to the particular use to which the soil must be exposed, the fact remains that the implementation is not always as easy as applying an asphalt, which of course also has a

  impact on the price of the realization of the ground.

  In addition, asphalt benefits from significant advantages, in particular its reduced hardening time, its properties

  acoustic and electric and its ease of maintenance.

  The invention provides a floor covering that is simple to apply and has a good resistance value to the various wear agents and to the aggressions inherent in high stresses and the

  corresponding production method.

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  Many types of asphalt are also known, including that of patent FR-2,610,918 which was developed and used in

  because of its high surface roughness.

  In this method, an asphalt consisting of a mortar and gravel is spread, the mortar comprising a mixture of at least one bitumen and a filler, the ratio of the density of the asphalt mortar to that of the gravel being

greater than 1.

  According to the invention, the step of spreading the asphalt is followed

  a mechanical surface treatment step.

  The mechanical surface treatment is obtained by sanding.

  Thus, it is possible to adapt the technique of the patent FR-

  2,610,918 cited above to solve the problem of the invention.

  It is understood that the step of spreading the asphalt and the step of sanding are separated from each other by a period

  time that the asphalt cools and hardens.

  The application of an asphalt having the characteristics stated above, has the advantage of obtaining a coating having both surface properties avoiding the risks of slipping of the users and a waterproofing function of the support. Sanding provides a substantially smooth, but non-slippery surface, facilitating both the movement of people or heavy equipment and its maintenance and providing a

pleasant visual appearance.

  Indeed, the ratio of the density of the gravel to that of the mortar load is chosen so as to find the gravel in the floating state on the mortar. Sanding allows

  so - in addition to producing a flat surface of the coating -

  to expose the inside of the gravel according to cutting faces which together constitute the plane of the surface of the coating. The gravel then has, by these cutting faces, a pattern determined by the internal structure of each of the cut gravel and by the shape of its cutting face, as well as a color other than the usual color of uncut gravel. In addition, the mineralogical nature of the gravel determines in which

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  measures the cutting faces are smooth and possibly slippery. Given that the gravel must be hard enough to be able to support significant weights and to be able to resist the mechanical aggressions linked to the use of the soil, on the one hand, and to have a sufficiently low porosity to be impregnated as little as possible with the bitumen, on the other hand, gravel will tend to be slippery. Asphalt mortar remedies this by its non-slip nature. It is then necessary to determine the particle size of the gravel so as to obtain an appropriate ratio of the dimensions of the cutting faces of the gravel to the surface of the asphalt mortar which gives the

  non-slippery surface of the floor covering.

  The invention also relates to the features below.

  afterwards, considered in isolation or according to all their technically possible combinations: the surface mechanical treatment is carried out until the roughness of the asphalt is less than 0.8; the mechanical surface treatment is a sanding which is carried out in the presence of water and the resulting sludge is recovered by suction; The sanding step is followed by a floor cleaning step

the brush.

  The floor covering consists of an asphalt mortar and gravel, the ratio of the density of the mortar

  asphalt to that of gravel being greater than 1.

  According to the invention, the floor covering is sanded and its

  surface is smooth, its roughness being less than 0.8.

  The floor covering defined above benefits from an advantageous quality / price ratio and ease of installation thanks to its asphalt nature. It is an evolution of asphalt by the choice of its composition and certain technical aspects of its implementation. Incidentally, the floor covering of the invention makes it possible to obtain a better aesthetic appearance of the floors by an appropriate choice of the nature of the gravel and their

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  color. Thanks to its non-slip characteristic and thanks to its high resistance to traffic, the coating of the invention lends itself more particularly to an application on surfaces such as urban and road roads, traffic surfaces for users of public transport. outside and inside a station, ramps,

  industrial floors, and in general ERP.

  The invention also relates to the features below.

  afterwards, considered in isolation or in all their technically possible combinations: the charge has a density of between 3 and 5 g / cm3; the charge consists of a chemically inert slag; the mortar has a density greater than that of gravel; the ratio of the density of the gravel to that of the load, as well as the ratio of the density of the mortar to that of the gravel, is chosen so as to find the gravel in a floating state by the push from bottom to top (Archimedes' push) which brings them in and keeps them on the surface of the covering; the gravel comes from a crushing and crushing of hard rocks; At the gravel have a density of the order of 2.5 to 3 g / cm3; ò the gravel has a porosity of less than 0.7, thus avoiding percolation of the binder in the gravel during the asphalt manufacturing phase; the gravel has a hardness according to the MOHS scale of between 5 and 7; the gravel have a particle size between 2/6 and 14/18 or form a mixture of at least two of these particle sizes;

  the mortar load has a particle size less than 3 mm.

  Other characteristics and advantages of the invention

  will emerge from the description of an example of implementation of the

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  production method according to the invention, of the description of a

  example of a floor covering composition according to the invention and

  of the description of a soil represented schematically on the

  drawings. In these drawings, FIG. 1 is a top view of a floor according to the invention and

  Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the floor of FIG. 1.

  Here we mean by asphalt mortar, the mixture of filler, generally accompanied by sand, which constitute the filler and the bitumen. Bitumen can be combined with

  different additives and constitutes the binder.

  The asphalt mixture consists of a mortar

  asphaltic incorporating gravel.

  Among the additives that can be associated with bitumen, can

find a fondant.

  A flux is an additive having a high viscosity at a so-called intermediate temperature (of the order of 60 C) and a very low viscosity at a so-called high temperature (of the order of C). For example, HOSTAMONT or LICOMONT BS 100 sold by the Clariant Company gives good results. Before implementing the method of the invention, a

  a number of preparatory measures can be taken.

  Thus, the support on which the asphalt according to the invention must be spread, must be perfectly smooth and in particular without holes or bumps. To facilitate the subsequent removal of the coating, kraft paper can be unrolled on the support. In addition, a frame consisting of a glass grid can be unwound on surfaces whose slope is greater than 3%. To make the layout, you can use solid brass rods. The surface area of the modules obtained by this fractionation is variable and depends in particular on the dimensions of the soil to be produced. For subsequent maintenance work, the layout avoids the

patching phenomenon.

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  After these preparatory measures, or any other measures usually taken when laying the asphalt, the asphalt of the invention is spread. To this end, the asphalt is poured at a temperature of the order of 180 to 240 C. The result obtained gives a highly grainy asphalt. The asphalt spreading step is followed by an interval of approximately 24 hours during which the asphalt cools and hardens. The

  minimum duration of this interval depends on the place and the season.

  When the asphalt is cooled and hardened, the surface can then be temporarily left for circulation. We then proceed

  to a mechanical surface treatment of its surface.

  This treatment is a sanding. It makes it possible to at least partially eliminate a possible surface layer of bitumen and makes

  appear gravel, while partially polishing them.

  In a particular embodiment, the surface roughness obtained is checked by reference to measurements made on the

  pendulum S.R.T. according to French standard N.F. P 18 578.

  The sanding of the asphalt is advantageously carried out with a sander equipped with a rotary plate on which diamond plates are mounted. Sanding is done with water. The sludge resulting from this surface treatment is immediately recovered by a vacuum cleaner to be sent to controlled landfills or

  to be collected and specially treated.

  In order to have a perfect finish of the floor produced by implementing the method of the invention, and also to recover the maximum amount of mud, the sanding step is advantageously followed by a cleaning step using a rotary brushing machine. with plastic brushes, for example that known

under the registered trademark Nylon ".

  According to a particular embodiment of the implementation of the method of the invention, a step of applying an emulsion

protection may be provided.

  The emulsion improves the visual perception of the coating and in particular increases the shine of the floor. In addition, such an emulsion, advantageously implemented in two layers

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  fine, reduces the sensitivity of the soil to fouling and facilitates its maintenance. The asphalt used for implementing the process of the invention may have, by way of nonlimiting example, a formulation or composition within the limits indicated below, the parts being given by weight: (a) mortar: total binder fraction: 5 to 6% of which crude petroleum distillation bitumen: 4 to 5% of which natural bitumen from Trinidad: 1% of which asphalt powder according to desired workability the grain size is less than 80 pm: 14 to 20% sand 30 to 40% (b) gravel of hard rocks: 30 to 45% The grain size of the gravel as well as the color of the gravel are chosen according to the desired result. While the choice of the gravel color essentially responds to aesthetic aspects or surface distinction according to their uses, the choice of grain sizes is mainly made to meet technical requirements. Indeed, a mixture of different particle sizes promotes a homogeneous distribution of gravel. Natural or artificial gravel can be used, their MOHS hardness is advantageously between 5 and 7. These gravel advantageously have a size between 2 and 18 mm. It is also possible to use a mixture of gravel of different particle size cuts included in this interval so as to better control the proportions of gravel of different

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  sizes. The load of gravel is advantageously of the order of

  55% by mass of the asphalt mixture.

  Figures 1 and 2 show respectively a surface of a floor according to the invention and a floor covering according to the invention in a vertical section. Gravels 1 are presented with their cutting faces 2 updated by sanding. Spaces 3 between gravel 1

  are filled with a mortar 4. Gravel 5, uncut these

  there, occupy with the gravel 1 the upper part of the floor covering. The lower part is occupied by a

charge 6.

  Figure 2 shows the buoyancy effect to which the gravel 1 and 5 are subjected because of the higher density of the load compared to that of the gravel. And the

  Figure 2 also shows layer 7 of the floor covering.

  This layer 7 is removed by sanding.

  The implementation of a process for producing a floor according to the invention and the obtaining of a floor covering according to the invention make it possible to produce an asphalt floor which combines the advantages of a simple implementation and easy, comparable to that of any other implementation of conventional asphalt with the advantage of a hard floor covering, resistant to mechanical aggressions, such as punching, creep, tearing as well as chemical aggressions such as effects produced by a spill of fat, sweet or sticky liquid. In addition, such a floor has good non-slip and reflective characteristics which thus contribute to the safety of movement of people and machines on

high traffic areas.

  The invention allows the implementation of the stamping marking technique: impressions are applied, immediately after the installation of the asphalt mixture, while it is still hot and malleable. It is thus possible to produce decorative patterns, in relief which remain visible after the

mechanical surface treatment.

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  An emulsion can be applied to the coating after mechanical surface treatment to facilitate its maintenance.

  Finally, it should be noted that, in the event of deformations due to exceptional constraints (works for example) or to pollution, the floor covering of the invention lends itself particularly well to resurfacing by sanding giving it back

  its original appearance and properties.

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Claims (10)

  1. A method of producing a soil, comprising a step of spreading an asphalt consisting of a mortar and gravel, the mortar comprising a mixture of at least one bitumen and a filler, the ratio of the density of the asphalt mortar to that of the gravel being greater than 1, and a step of mechanical surface treatment.   2. Method for producing a floor according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical surface treatment is carried out until the roughness of the asphalt is less than 0.8. 3. A method of producing a floor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mechanical surface treatment is a sanding which is carried out in the presence of water and in that the   resulting sludge is recovered by suction.   4. A method of producing a floor according to claim 3, characterized in that the sanding step is followed by a step brush cleaning the floor.   5. Floor covering consisting of an asphalt mortar and gravel, the mortar comprising a mixture of at least one bitumen and a filler and the ratio of the density of the asphalt mortar to that of the gravel being greater than 1, characterized in that it is obtained by the implementation of the   method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the   mechanical surface treatment being carried out until its   surface is smooth, its roughness being less than 0.8.   6. Floor covering according to claim 5, characterized in that the filler has a density of between 3 and 5 g / cm3 and in that the gravel comes from a crushing and grinding of hard rocks.   7. Floor covering according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the gravel has a porosity of less than 0.7. 8. Floor covering according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the gravel has an I I 2796404 particle size between 2/6 and 14/18 or are a mixed   at least two of these particle sizes. 9. Floor covering according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the filler has a particle size less than 3 mm.   10. Floor covering according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the load consists of a slag chemically inert.