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  • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
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  • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
  • C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
  • C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
  • C10M145/14—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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  • C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M149/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amino group
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  • C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M149/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amido or imido group
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  • C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M149/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrogen-containing hetero ring
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  • C10M151/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
  • C10M151/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/02—Water
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  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
  • C10M2207/046—Hydroxy ethers
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  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/18—Tall oil acids
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  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
  • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
  • C10M2209/107—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of two or more specified different alkylene oxides covered by groups C10M2209/104 - C10M2209/106
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  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
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  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/12—Partial amides of polycarboxylic acids
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  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
  • C10M2215/221—Six-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
  • C10M2215/222—Triazines
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  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/022—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amino group
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  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/024—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amido or imido group
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  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/028—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrogen-containing hetero ring
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  • C10M2221/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2221/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions of monomers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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  • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
  • C10M2229/045—Siloxanes with specific structure containing silicon-to-hydroxyl bonds
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  • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
  • C10M2229/046—Siloxanes with specific structure containing silicon-oxygen-carbon bonds
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  • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
  • C10M2229/047—Siloxanes with specific structure containing alkylene oxide groups
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  • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
  • C10M2229/048—Siloxanes with specific structure containing carboxyl groups
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  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
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  • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
  • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles
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  • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
  • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the use of polymers which Contain structural units of acrylamide and of acrylamido sulfonic acids for Suppression of fog formation from water-based cooling lubricants.
• EP-A-0 811 677 discloses water-based metalworking fluids which contain antimisting copolymers.
• these copolymers exist from structural units either from acrylamido sulfonic acids or from sulfonated styrene are derived, on the other hand, from structural units Acrylamides or acrylic esters.
• EP-B-0 642 571 discloses the use of polymers with a Molecular weight over 1,000,000 units as an antimisting additive, the Polymers from the group of polyalkylene oxides, polyacrylamides, Polymethacrylamides or acrylamide / methacrylamide / unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymers are selected.
• GB-A-22 52 103 discloses polymers as an antimisting additive consisting of structural units are built up, which differ from water-soluble acrylamides, acrylic acid and derive water-insoluble acrylamides.
• the present invention lies based on the task of providing additives with improved properties.
• copolymer defined in this way is also used in the following as an antimisting additive designated.
• the invention further relates to water-based cooling lubricants, these antimisting additives included.
• R 1 preferably represents hydrogen.
• R 2 represents an alkylene radical of the formula 3.
• the structural unit of formula 2 is preferably by the copolymerization of Acrylamidopropenylsulfonic acid (AMPS) shown.
• AMPS Acrylamidopropenylsulfonic acid
• Preferred number average molecular weights of the copolymers are between 100,000 and 2,000,000, especially 250,000 to 1,000,000 units.
• the relative viscosity or the k value serve as an indicator of the molecular weight.
• the copolymer is dissolved in a certain concentration (usually 0.5%) and the outflow time at 25 ° C. is determined using an Ubbelohde capillary viscometer. This value gives the absolute viscosity of the solution ( ⁇ c ).
• the absolute viscosity of the solvent is ⁇ o .
• the molar amounts of the structural units of the formulas 1 and 2 complement one another in a preferred embodiment to 100 wt .-%.
• the copolymer contains from 2 to 50% by weight of the structural units derived from Formula 1. It also contains Copolymer preferably 50 to 98 wt .-% structural units of formula 2, in particular from 20 to 35% by weight of structural units of the formula 1 and 65 to 80% by weight the structural units of formula 2.
• the copolymer can contain further comonomers.
• the copolymer contains structural units which are derived from compounds of the formulas 4 and / or 5,
• R 3 and R 4 are H or C 1 -C 4 alkyl. Furthermore, R 3 and R 4 , including the -N-CO group, can form a ring with 5, 6, 7 or 8 ring atoms. Rings with 5, 6 or 7 ring atoms are preferred. R 3 and R 4 can comprise heteroatoms, preferably they comprise only carbon atoms. In a particularly preferred embodiment, formula 4 stands for a structural unit of the formula 4a.
• formula 4 stands for N-vinylcaprolactam. In a further particularly preferred embodiment, it is a structural unit of the formula 4b.
• R 5 and R 6 independently of one another represent a terminally unsaturated alkenyl radical having 3 to 5 carbon atoms.
• R 7 and R 8 independently of one another are C 1 -C 4 alkyl.
• X is an anion.
• R 5 and R 6 preferably both represent an allyl radical.
• the proportion of structural units of the formulas (4) and (5) in the copolymer is independently up to 20% by weight, preferably independently from 10 to 20% by weight.
• the copolymer contains 5 to 20% by weight of structural units derived from acrylic acid.
• copolymers according to the invention are by copolymerization of Compounds of the formulas (1) and (2) and optionally (4) and / or (5) producible.
• the process for the preparation of the copolymers is state of the art Technology described and is set out below.
• the copolymers can be prepared by the methods of solution polymerization, bulk polymerization, emulsion polymerization, inverse emulsion polymerization, precipitation polymerization or gel polymerization.
• the polymerization is preferably carried out as a solution polymerization in water or as a precipitation polymerization.
• the reaction is generally carried out under the conditions of the precipitation polymerization.
• the polymer is obtained directly in solid form and can be isolated by distilling off the solvent or by suction and drying.
• water-miscible organic solvent used to carry this out Manufacturing processes are suitable, especially water-soluble Alkanols, namely those with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, Isopropanol, n-, sec- and iso-butanol, but preferably tert-butanol.
• water-soluble Alkanols namely those with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, Isopropanol, n-, sec- and iso-butanol, but preferably tert-butanol.
• the water content of the lower alkanols used as solvents should not exceed 6% by weight, otherwise lump formation in the Polymerization can occur. Preference is given to a water content of 0 to 3 wt .-% worked.
• the amount of the solvent to be used depends on a certain amount Degree according to the type of comonomers used. As a rule, per 100 g Total monomers 200 to 1,000 g of the solvent used.
• the aqueous Monomer solution in a known manner in a water-immiscible organic solvents such as cyclohexane, toluene, xylene, or heptane high-boiling gasoline fractions with the addition of 0.5 to 8% by weight, preferably 1 up to 4 wt .-%, known emulsifiers of the W / O type emulsified and with conventional Free radical initiators polymerized.
• a water-immiscible organic solvents such as cyclohexane, toluene, xylene, or heptane high-boiling gasoline fractions with the addition of 0.5 to 8% by weight, preferably 1 up to 4 wt .-%, known emulsifiers of the W / O type emulsified and with conventional Free radical initiators polymerized.
• the comonomers to be used as such in the water-immiscible organic solvent be emulsified, or they can be in the form of an aqueous solution between Contains 100 and 5 wt .-% comonomers and 0 to 95 wt .-% water be, the composition of the aqueous solution a question of Solubility of the comonomers in water and the intended Polymerization temperature is.
• the relationship between water and the Monomer phase is variable within wide limits and is usually included 70:30 to 30:70.
• the mixtures are 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the oil phase, of a water-in-oil emulsifier was added.
• Those emulsifiers which are relatively low are preferably used Have an HLB value.
• the HLB value is a measure of hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of surfactants and emulsifiers (Griffin, J. Soc. Cosmetic Chemists 1, (1950), 311). Substances with a low HLB value, e.g. below 10, are generally good Water-in-oil emulsifiers.
• any inert water-insoluble liquid i.e. each hydrophobic organic solvents can be used.
• hydrocarbons are used, whose boiling point is in the range from 120 to 350 ° C. These hydrocarbons can be saturated, linear or branched Be paraffinic hydrocarbons, as are predominantly found in petroleum fractions, these also contain the usual proportions of naphthenic hydrocarbons can.
• aromatic hydrocarbons such as, for example, can also be used Toluene or xylene and the mixtures of the above hydrocarbons as Oil phase can be used.
• a mixture of is preferably used saturated normal and iso-paraffin hydrocarbons, up to 20% by weight Contains naphthenes.
• a detailed description of the process can be found for example in DE-A-1 089 173 and in US-3,284,393 and 3,624,019.
• Copolymers with molecular weights of over 1,000,000 are obtained if the polymerization in aqueous solution by the process of the so-called Gel polymerization is carried out. 15-60% by weight solutions of Comonomers with known suitable catalysts without mechanical Mixing using the Trommsdorff-Norrish effect (Bios Final Rep. 363.22; Macromol. Chem. 1, 169/1947) polymerized.
• copolymers in the form of aqueous jellies After mechanical comminution, copolymers can be processed using suitable apparatus be dissolved directly in water and used. But you can too after removal of the water by known drying processes in solid form preserved and only be dissolved in water again when they are used.
• the polymerization reactions are in the temperature range between -60 and 200 ° C, preferably between 10 and 120 ° C, performed both under Normal pressure as well as under increased pressure can be worked.
• the polymerization is carried out in a protective gas atmosphere, preferably under nitrogen executed.
• high-energy electromagnetic or corpuscular rays or the usual chemical polymerization initiators can be used, e.g. B. organic peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide, tert. Butyl hydroperoxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, azo compounds such as azodiisobutyronitrile or 2'-azo-bis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride and inorganic peroxy compounds such as (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 or K 2 S 2 O 8 or H 2 O 2 if necessary in combination with reducing agents such as sodium bisulfite and iron (II) sulfate or redox systems which, as the reducing component, contain an aliphatic or aromatic sulfinic acid such as benzenesulfinic acid and toluenesulfinic acid or derivatives of these acids, such as, for.
• organic peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide,
• Mannich adducts of sulfinic acid, aldehydes and amino compounds, as described in DE-C-13 01 566, contain. 0.03 to 2 g of the polymerization initiator are generally used per 100 g of total monomers.
• the polymerization batches are optionally small amounts of so-called moderators added to the course of the reaction harmonize that they flatten the response rate time diagram. she thus lead to an improvement in the reproducibility of the reaction and thus enable uniform products with narrow molecular weight distribution and high To produce chain length.
• suitable moderators of this type are Nitrilo-tris-propionylamide or monoalkylamines, dialkylamines or trialkylamines such as e.g. Dibutylamine.
• such moderators can be used with advantage.
• the Polymerization approaches so-called regulators are added, which the Molecular weight of the polymers produced by a targeted Set chain termination. Useful known regulators are e.g.
• the copolymers become water-based cooling lubricants in amounts of 0.01 to 2, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 wt .-%, based on the formulated Cooling lubricant added.
• the composition of the water-based cooling lubricants can be very be different.
• Such cooling lubricants often contain natural ones paraffinic, naphthenic or paraffinic-naphthenic mineral oils in addition other additives.
• Such cooling lubricants can also be made from ester oils, fatty oil derivatives, synthetic hydrocarbons, poly- ⁇ -olefins such.
• Polyisobutenes or polybutenes polypropylene glycol, trimethylolpropane ester, Neopentyl glycol ester, pentaerythritol ester, di- (2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di- (2-ethylhexyl) adipate, Dibutyl phthalate and / or esters of phosphorus-containing Acids exist.
• cooling lubricants are aqueous solutions of inorganic salts such as phosphates, borates, carbonates and organic Anti-rust agents such as amines, alkanolamines and substituted alkanolamines, as well as their reaction products with inorganic and organic acids.
• inorganic salts such as phosphates, borates, carbonates and organic Anti-rust agents
• Anti-rust agents such as amines, alkanolamines and substituted alkanolamines, as well as their reaction products with inorganic and organic acids.
• Such acids include, for example, natural or synthetic carboxylic acids such as caprylic acid, ethylhexanoic acid, capric acid, 2,2,4-trimethylhexanoic acid, Benzoic acid, substituted benzoic acids, dicarboxylic acids with 6 - 22 carbon atoms, Phosphoric acid esters, bicarboxylic acid half-esters or dicarboxylic acid halamides, Citric acid, gluconic acid, carbonic acid, phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acids, Boric acid.
• cooling lubricants often contain water-soluble ones Lubricants such as glycols and polyglycols as well as ethers or esters of polyglycols and other additives for setting the desired properties.
• Water-based cooling lubricants are in the German standard DIN 51385 described. Reference is hereby made to this standard.
• cooling lubricants include additives to improve lubricity, antiwear agents, Corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, anionic or nonionic emulsifiers, Solubilizers, anti-foaming agents, biocides and / or surfactants.
• compositions 1, 2 and 3 In addition to compositions 1, 2 and 3, a polyalkylene glycol in one Amount of 5 to 20 wt .-% are added. It is an EO / PO block or copolymer that has lubricating properties.
• the effectiveness of the copolymers according to the invention is as follows Prevention of fog formation from aqueous cooling lubricants is exemplified.
• a device specially designed for this purpose is used to determine this effectiveness used.
• the device comprises a container with a height of 15 cm and a diameter of 9 cm.
• the test item is placed in this container Coolant filled in. From the outside is a line that runs in a frit ends, a gas stream (generally air) is blown into the cooling lubricant. The The strength of the gas flow is checked by means of a flow meter.
• the frit About which the gas flow is blown into the container is approx. 1 cm above the bottom of the container.
• Cooling lubricant concentrates with the following composition are used ( Figures in% by weight).
• composition of the copolymers (% by weight)
• the k value was determined according to Fikentscher, Cellulosechemie, 13 (1932), 58.
• copolymers according to the invention increase the viscosity of them additive cooling lubricants not or only insignificantly. You don't have one Influence on their tendency to foam, anti-corrosion properties or Lubricating effect.
• the additives of cooling lubricants with the copolymers according to the invention can either with the concentrate or with the formulated cooling lubricant be made. While the formulated cooling lubricant is always on Water-based, the concentrate can also be present as an oil-based substance which the copolymers are not soluble. In this case only copolymers according to the invention in the already water-diluted cooling lubricant be incorporated.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

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• 1999
  • 1999-07-06 DE DE19931220A patent/DE19931220B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2000
  • 2000-06-21 EP EP00113201A patent/EP1067168B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-06-21 ES ES00113201T patent/ES2282070T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-06-21 DE DE50014078T patent/DE50014078D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2000-07-05 CA CA002313570A patent/CA2313570A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-07-05 JP JP2000203895A patent/JP2001055597A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2000-07-06 US US09/611,016 patent/US6414075B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

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