EP1061600A2 - Système de cellules à combustible - Google Patents

Système de cellules à combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1061600A2
EP1061600A2 EP00250180A EP00250180A EP1061600A2 EP 1061600 A2 EP1061600 A2 EP 1061600A2 EP 00250180 A EP00250180 A EP 00250180A EP 00250180 A EP00250180 A EP 00250180A EP 1061600 A2 EP1061600 A2 EP 1061600A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
fuel
liquid
line
heating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00250180A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1061600A3 (fr
Inventor
Wolfgang Herdeg
Thomas Zapp
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vodafone GmbH
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Vodafone Holding GmbH
Atecs Mannesmann GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Vodafone Holding GmbH, Atecs Mannesmann GmbH filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1061600A2 publication Critical patent/EP1061600A2/fr
Publication of EP1061600A3 publication Critical patent/EP1061600A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel cell system with a fuel cell, which is a supply line for a fuel and a supply line for an oxidizing agent having.
  • Fuel cells have been known for a long time and have particularly in the field the automotive industry has become significantly more important in recent years.
  • fuel cells Similar to battery systems, fuel cells generate electrical energy chemical way, the individual reactants continuously (anode and Cathode gas) supplied and the reaction product continuously (anode and Cathode exhaust).
  • This is the fuel cell Functional principle on the basis that there are electrically neutral molecules or atoms connect with each other and exchange electrons. This process is called Redox process called.
  • the oxidation and Reduction processes are spatially separated, for example via a membrane can be done. Such membranes have the property of exchanging protons, Retain gases, however. Leave the electrons released during the reduction conduct themselves as electricity through a consumer, for example the electric motor of a Automobiles.
  • gaseous reactants for the fuel cell for example Hydrogen as a fuel (anode gas) and oxygen as an oxidizing agent (Cathode gas) used.
  • Hydrogen as a fuel
  • Cathode gas oxygen as an oxidizing agent
  • the membrane In order for the fuel cell to function properly, the membrane must be constantly moistened during operation. Because in the generation of electricity and heat in the fuel cell in the corresponding reactions water arises, this water is usually used to moisten the membrane.
  • US 5 786 104 discloses a fuel cell system, each with a feed and Derivation for a fuel and for an oxidizing agent, the supply line for the Fuel and / or the supply line for the oxidizing agent with a water reservoir connected is.
  • the supply lines are each provided with a static mixer that is heated to evaporate the water supplied from the water reservoir and in this way humidification of the fuel and / or oxidizing agent that the Fuel cell is supplied to achieve.
  • About the problem of humidification Temperatures below the freezing point of water are not mentioned in this document executed.
  • the present invention is based on the cited prior art therefore based on the task of providing a fuel cell system in which the disadvantages described are avoided.
  • a Fuel cell system are provided, in particular during the start-up process of the fuel cell enough moisture to humidify the Fuel cell membrane is available and that too Ambient temperatures below the freezing point of water are fully functional is.
  • the fuel and / or the oxidizing agent can be stored in the liquid reservoir are humidified, with a humidified gas stream subsequently
  • the fuel cell membrane is moistened.
  • this is a Humidification of the fuel cell membrane also during the start-up process
  • Fuel cell ensures that the gas flows entering the fuel cell from Right from the start, sufficient for moistening the fuel cell membrane Have moisture. Damage to the fuel cell membrane caused by this can prevent them from drying out.
  • the liquid in the liquid store can thus in particular the time bridge between start-up and water production in the fuel cell.
  • As fuel for the fuel cell for example, but not exclusively, from methanol, gasoline, natural gas, methane, coal gas, biogas or the like obtained hydrogen can be used.
  • As an oxidizing agent can be advantageous Oxygen can be used.
  • the liquid in the liquid container is water, it becomes water additionally e.g. Methanol or other antifreeze can be added to lower the freezing point.
  • the antifreeze is definitely selected that it has a lower boiling point than the liquid.
  • the Heating device in the connecting line of the liquid container to the supply line for the fuel and / or the supply line for the oxidizing agent is provided to the Distill antifreeze from the water so the fuel cell only pure water is supplied.
  • the heating device is expediently e.g. in a Injector arranged with which the water in the gas flow of the fuel and / or the oxidizing agent for the fuel cell can be injected.
  • the heater is designed in such a way that it can be operated by the Connection line flowing water flow containing antifreeze completely can evaporate before the water with the respective of the fuel cell feed gas stream is mixed. That evaporated from the heating Antifreeze is caught by appropriate devices, condensed and then returned to the liquid storage.
  • the invention solves a previously considerable problem, namely that The fuel cell system can also be used at temperatures below 0 ° C got to. At such low temperatures, the liquid in the Freeze liquid storage, especially if water is used. Sufficient moistening of the fuel cell membrane would thus be necessary Starting the fuel cell is no longer guaranteed. Through the antifreeze freezing of the liquid is avoided. The heating device ensures that the antifreeze in the liquid before it is added to the the gas stream to be supplied is distilled out.
  • the liquid reservoir is preferably for holding a liquid Moisten the fuel and / or the oxidizing agent provided.
  • Advantageous water is used as a suitable liquid, which is suitable for the Oxidizing agent and / or the fuel and the membrane of the fuel cell too moisturize.
  • the heating device is preferably designed as an electrical heating device.
  • the Electric heating device is advantageously arranged in the liquid store.
  • the required electrical energy is in the first time, i.e. at the time of starting up the Fuel cell, provided by an electric battery.
  • the electrical The heating device can, for example, but not exclusively, as a heating wire, Heating coil or the like may be formed.
  • the heating device can be a flow line for a Have heating medium.
  • the flow line can increase its Heat exchange surface can be designed as a coil or the like.
  • the Flow line is flowed through by the heating medium, whereby a Heat exchange takes place between the heating medium and the liquid.
  • the heating device is preferably designed as a closed system. To this Way, the amount of heating medium circulating in the flow line can be reduced, since no heating medium from the Flow line can escape.
  • a conveyor for the heating medium is advantageous in the flow line intended.
  • the flow rate can be controlled by such a conveyor of the heating medium within the flow line can be set as required.
  • the flow rate of the heating medium affects that Heat exchange rate between the heating medium and that in the liquid storage liquid.
  • the conveyor can vary depending on the type of heating medium used be trained. If, for example, a liquid heating medium such as water, oil or The same is used, the conveyor is preferably a pump educated. For example, a gas such as air or the like is used as the heating medium used, the conveyor is preferably designed as a blower.
  • the Invention is not limited to the mentioned conveyors.
  • heating element for heating the heating medium intended.
  • the heating element is advantageous as a burner, in particular as a catalytic one Burner, trained. About the burner that is in the flow line Heating medium is heated to the required temperature before it is used to heat the Liquid is used.
  • the heating element can also be different, for example be designed as an electrical heating element.
  • the invention is not special Embodiments of the heating element limited.
  • the water produced in the fuel cell as a reaction product is mixed with the Exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell. It is therefore advantageous in the derivation for the Fuel and / or in the discharge line for the oxidant, a device for Condensation of liquid is provided.
  • the device for condensing of fluid is connected to the fluid reservoir.
  • the device for condensing liquid can be in the discharge line for the Oxidizing agent (cathode exhaust gas) in the discharge line for the fuel (Cathode exhaust) or be provided in both derivatives.
  • the Oxidizing agent cathode exhaust gas
  • Cathode exhaust the discharge line for the fuel
  • the device for Condensing out liquid in particular for condensing out water therefore arranged in the discharge line for the oxidizing agent, in particular then if oxygen is used as the oxidant.
  • the water generated in this way can be fed into the liquid reservoir be so that a separate water source can be omitted.
  • the liquid storage in this case also fulfills the function of a buffer. That during the Operation of the fuel cell produced excess water that was not used for Humidification of the fuel cell membrane is needed in the Liquid storage is stored and is therefore available when the The fuel cell was turned off and again at a later date is approached.
  • the water in the liquid reservoir can also be used, for example a distillation process can be obtained.
  • Fuel cell system can be used to operate a vehicle.
  • fuel cell technology Due to the rapid development of fuel cell technology in the The automotive sector currently offers such use of the fuel cell system particularly good uses. Still there are others Possible applications. Examples include fuel cells for mobile devices such as computers or mobile telephones up to power plants. Also fuel cell technology is suitable for the decentralized energy supply of Houses, industrial plants or the like.
  • the present invention is in connection with Fuel cells with polymer membranes (PEM) are used. These fuel cells have a high electrical efficiency, cause minimal emissions, have optimal part-load behavior and are essentially free of mechanical wear.
  • PEM polymer membranes
  • a fuel cell system 10 is shown, the fuel cell 20, has a liquid reservoir 30 and a heating device 40.
  • the fuel cell 20 has an anode part 21 which is connected to a feed line 23 and a discharge line 24 for a fuel, in the present case hydrogen is. Furthermore, the fuel cell 20 has a cathode part 22 which is connected to a Supply line 25 and a discharge line 26 for an oxidizing agent, in the present case Oxygen, is connected. The anode part 21 and the cathode part 22 are over a Membrane 27, in the present case a polymer membrane, separated from one another.
  • Both the feed line 23 for the fuel and the feed line 25 for the Oxidizing agents are connected via corresponding lines 32, 33 to the Liquid storage 30 connected.
  • the water 31 from freezing it is used as an antifreeze e.g. Methanol has been added. So that the antifreeze does not get into the An evaporator 44 with a heating device 40 has reached the fuel cell 20 is provided, via which the water 31 removed from the liquid reservoir 30 can be heated so far that the antifreeze evaporates and only pure water 31 via line 32, 33 into the feed lines 23, 25 for the fuel or the oxidizing agent ..
  • an antifreeze e.g. Methanol has been added. So that the antifreeze does not get into the An evaporator 44 with a heating device 40 has reached the fuel cell 20 is provided, via which the water 31 removed from the liquid reservoir 30 can be heated so far that the antifreeze evaporates and only pure water 31 via line 32, 33 into the feed lines 23, 25 for the fuel or the oxidizing agent ..
  • the heater 40 has a closed system trained flow line 42 by a suitable heating medium, for example water, oil or the like, flows through becomes.
  • the flow line 42 can be in the area of the evaporator 44 as a coil be trained. This makes a large one for the purpose of heat exchange Surface of the flow line 42 provided.
  • a suitable heating element 43 in the present case a catalytic burner, on the brought required temperature.
  • the heating medium thus heated passes through the Evaporator 44, where there is heat to the water mixed with the antifreeze 31 issues. This allows the antifreeze to evaporate and pass through a line 46 be drawn off as steam.
  • Cooled heating medium is returned to burner 43 via flow line 42 fed and heated there.
  • the heated heating medium then enters the Evaporator 44 a.
  • an electric heating device 41 can also be used, which is shown in dashed lines in the figure.
  • the one from the evaporator 44 through the line 46 withdrawn vapor of the antifreeze arrives in a condenser 45 condensed there by cooling and in liquid form via line 47 in the Liquid reservoir 30 returned.
  • two capacitors 50, 51 are also shown in the two Leads 24, 26 for the anode and cathode exhaust are switched on and Condense water from the two exhaust gas streams of the fuel cell 20.
  • This Condensate can be fed into the liquid reservoir 30 via a line 52 to replenish the fluid level if necessary.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
EP00250180A 1999-06-14 2000-06-09 Système de cellules à combustible Withdrawn EP1061600A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19992806 1999-06-14
DE19920681 1999-06-14
DE19992806 1999-06-14

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1061600A2 true EP1061600A2 (fr) 2000-12-20
EP1061600A3 EP1061600A3 (fr) 2004-05-06

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EP00250180A Withdrawn EP1061600A3 (fr) 1999-06-14 2000-06-09 Système de cellules à combustible

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002103829A1 (fr) * 2001-06-15 2002-12-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Pile a combustible du type a polymere solide et systeme de production d'energie par pile a combustible du type a polymere solide
WO2003019708A2 (fr) * 2001-08-22 2003-03-06 Audi Ag Systeme de pile a combustible a dispositif d'alimentation en eau
WO2003067694A1 (fr) * 2002-02-08 2003-08-14 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Prevention du gel d'une pile a combustible
WO2003083983A2 (fr) * 2002-03-31 2003-10-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procede d'humidification ciblee et momentanee d'une pile a combustible a membrane electrolytique polymere a haute temperature (ht-pem) ainsi qu'ensemble pile combustible ht-pem
DE10013687B4 (de) * 2000-03-21 2007-06-28 Nucellsys Gmbh Brennstoffzellensystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben desselben
US7482085B2 (en) 1996-06-07 2009-01-27 Bdf Ip Holdings Ltd. Apparatus for improving the cold starting capability of an electrochemical fuel cell
CN108511775A (zh) * 2018-02-23 2018-09-07 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 氢燃料电池系统的冷启动装置
WO2019034479A1 (fr) * 2017-08-17 2019-02-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procédé de régulation de l'humidité d'une membrane d'une pile à combustible

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4037024A (en) * 1973-02-09 1977-07-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Fuel cell product-water management system
US5376470A (en) * 1992-07-15 1994-12-27 Rockwell International Corporation Regenerative fuel cell system
JPH08185877A (ja) * 1994-12-28 1996-07-16 Toyota Motor Corp 燃料電池システム
US5786104A (en) * 1996-12-31 1998-07-28 The Dow Chemical Company Method and apparatus for humidification of incoming fuel cell process gases
JPH10223249A (ja) * 1997-02-03 1998-08-21 Toyota Motor Corp 燃料電池装置および燃料電池装置の流路凍結防止方法
WO1999005741A1 (fr) * 1997-07-25 1999-02-04 Emprise Corporation Systeme de gestion du gaz d'un element a combustible

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4037024A (en) * 1973-02-09 1977-07-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Fuel cell product-water management system
US5376470A (en) * 1992-07-15 1994-12-27 Rockwell International Corporation Regenerative fuel cell system
JPH08185877A (ja) * 1994-12-28 1996-07-16 Toyota Motor Corp 燃料電池システム
US5786104A (en) * 1996-12-31 1998-07-28 The Dow Chemical Company Method and apparatus for humidification of incoming fuel cell process gases
JPH10223249A (ja) * 1997-02-03 1998-08-21 Toyota Motor Corp 燃料電池装置および燃料電池装置の流路凍結防止方法
WO1999005741A1 (fr) * 1997-07-25 1999-02-04 Emprise Corporation Systeme de gestion du gaz d'un element a combustible

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1996, no. 11, 29. November 1996 (1996-11-29) -& JP 08 185877 A (TOYOTA MOTOR CORP), 16. Juli 1996 (1996-07-16) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1998, no. 13, 30. November 1998 (1998-11-30) -& JP 10 223249 A (TOYOTA MOTOR CORP), 21. August 1998 (1998-08-21) *

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7482085B2 (en) 1996-06-07 2009-01-27 Bdf Ip Holdings Ltd. Apparatus for improving the cold starting capability of an electrochemical fuel cell
DE10013687B4 (de) * 2000-03-21 2007-06-28 Nucellsys Gmbh Brennstoffzellensystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben desselben
USRE40060E1 (en) 2000-03-21 2008-02-12 Nucellsys Gmbh Fuel cell system
WO2002103829A1 (fr) * 2001-06-15 2002-12-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Pile a combustible du type a polymere solide et systeme de production d'energie par pile a combustible du type a polymere solide
WO2003019708A3 (fr) * 2001-08-22 2003-12-18 Audi Ag Systeme de pile a combustible a dispositif d'alimentation en eau
WO2003019708A2 (fr) * 2001-08-22 2003-03-06 Audi Ag Systeme de pile a combustible a dispositif d'alimentation en eau
WO2003067694A1 (fr) * 2002-02-08 2003-08-14 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Prevention du gel d'une pile a combustible
US7267898B2 (en) 2002-02-08 2007-09-11 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Freeze prevention of a fuel cell power plant
WO2003083983A2 (fr) * 2002-03-31 2003-10-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procede d'humidification ciblee et momentanee d'une pile a combustible a membrane electrolytique polymere a haute temperature (ht-pem) ainsi qu'ensemble pile combustible ht-pem
WO2003083983A3 (fr) * 2002-03-31 2004-04-29 Siemens Ag Procede d'humidification ciblee et momentanee d'une pile a combustible a membrane electrolytique polymere a haute temperature (ht-pem) ainsi qu'ensemble pile combustible ht-pem
WO2019034479A1 (fr) * 2017-08-17 2019-02-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procédé de régulation de l'humidité d'une membrane d'une pile à combustible
CN111226336A (zh) * 2017-08-17 2020-06-02 罗伯特·博世有限公司 用于调节燃料电池的膜片的湿度状态的方法
CN108511775A (zh) * 2018-02-23 2018-09-07 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 氢燃料电池系统的冷启动装置

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Publication number Publication date
EP1061600A3 (fr) 2004-05-06

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