EP1060637B1 - Acoustic element - Google Patents
Acoustic element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1060637B1 EP1060637B1 EP99919295A EP99919295A EP1060637B1 EP 1060637 B1 EP1060637 B1 EP 1060637B1 EP 99919295 A EP99919295 A EP 99919295A EP 99919295 A EP99919295 A EP 99919295A EP 1060637 B1 EP1060637 B1 EP 1060637B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- film
- acoustic element
- porous layer
- support points
- layers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
- H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
- H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
- H04R7/06—Plane diaphragms comprising a plurality of sections or layers
- H04R7/10—Plane diaphragms comprising a plurality of sections or layers comprising superposed layers in contact
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2201/02—Details casings, cabinets or mounting therein for transducers covered by H04R1/02 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2201/021—Transducers or their casings adapted for mounting in or to a wall or ceiling
Definitions
- the invention relates to an acoustic element which comprises an arbitrary number of layers, at least one layer comprising at least one porous layer which is either electrically conductive or coated at least on one of its surfaces to be electrically conductive, and at least one film, which is either charged or provided with at least one electrically conductive surface, at least one porous layer and film being arranged to come into contact with each other substantially only at support points, thereby providing an air gap between the porous layer and the film.
- WO publication 97/31506 discloses a plate-like acoustic element comprising fixed stator plates, with a film secured between the plates at predetermined support points. Between the stator plate and the film are left small air gaps that allow the film 3 to move.
- the stator plates and the film are provided with electrically conductive surfaces, so by applying electric signals to the surfaces, the film 3 can be made to move to produce sound.
- the structure is simple and has a very even frequency response, but its field of application is somewhat limited and, to produce a sufficiently high air pressure by using a moving film, a fairly strong electric field is required.
- AT-B-382 490 discloses an electrostatic loudspeaker comprising two electrodes and a film between the electrodes. There are elastic parts made of foam rubber between the film and an electrode.
- US 4 885 783 discloses a transducer having opposed first and second conductive plates for application of an electrical potential difference therebetween. An elastomeric dielectric material such as neoprene rubber is disposed between the plates and in contact therewith.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an acoustic element allowing the above shortcomings to be avoided.
- the acoustic element of the invention is characterized in that the support points are arranged in such a way that the porous layer being moved by the film is able to move in such a way that the acoustic element can change its thickness substantially entirely.
- the acoustic element comprises an arbitrary number of layers, at least one layer comprising a porous layer and a film arranged at a distance from the layer, the porous layer and the film coming into contact with each other substantially only at specific support points.
- the porous layer is either electrically conductive or coated at least on one of its surfaces to be electrically conductive, and the film is charged or provided with at least one electrically conductive surface.
- the support points at which the film and the porous layer come into contact with each other are arranged in such a way that the entire structure can change its thickness.
- a preferred embodiment is based on the idea that the acoustic element is coated with an elastic surface material.
- Another preferred embodiment is based on the idea that the acoustic element is hermetically sealed.
- An advantage of the invention is that the structure of the acoustic element is very light, solid, inexpensive and easy to manufacture. Further, because the gap between the porous layer and the film is fairly small, a reasonably high pressure is obtained by applying a fairly low control voltage.
- the porous material provides the element with a large air capacity, whereby the air displaced by the film is able to enter the porous layer, which reduces counter pressure and increases movement. The air entering the porous layer causes flow losses and therefore the structure does not resonate strongly. Further, due to the flow losses the material of the element also attenuates sound passively.
- An element coated with an elastic surface material can be used for a number of different applications (e.g. floors). Hermetic sealing of the element allows it to be used also in fairly humid conditions.
- FIG. 1 shows an acoustic element 1 comprising a plural number of porous layers 2.
- a typical porous layer is, for example, 0.5 to 1 mm thick, about 70% of the layer being air.
- the porous layer 2 can be made of cellulose, glass fibre, mineral fibre, metal fibre or by sintering plastic or metal powder.
- the porous layer 2 is either electrically conductive or coated at least on one of its surfaces to be electrically conductive, for example, by sputtering the surface to provide a metallization 3 thereon.
- the metallization 3 of the porous layer 2 is typically about 40 nanometers thick.
- the metallization 3 on the porous layer 2 is also porous in order to allow air to pass through the porous layer 2 and the metallization 3.
- the acoustic element 1 further comprises a film 4 arranged between the porous layers 2.
- the porous layer 2 and the film 4 come into contact with each other only at support points 5, an air gap 6 being thus formed between the porous layer 2 and the film 4.
- the thickness of the film 4 is typically about 5 micrometers and the width of the air gap 6, correspondingly about 10 micrometers.
- Figure 1 shows an embodiment in which two films 4 are arranged one on the other, a metallization 7 typically about 40 nanometers thick being arranged between the films.
- the films are charged and they can be made of polypropylene, polymethyl pentene or cyclic olefin copolymer, for example.
- the films 4 can be further provided with a bubble structure comprising flat bubbles.
- Porous layers 2 and films 4 are arranged one on the other to provide the acoustic element 1 with a layered structure as shown in Figure 1.
- Control electrodes A are connected to the metallizations 7 between the films 4 and earth electrodes B. correspondingly, to the metallizations 3 of the porous layers 2.
- the support points 5 are arranged in such a way that the film 4 is not supported to the porous layers 2 at exactly the same points on opposite sides of the film. Consequently, when a signal is supplied to the control electrode A, the film 4 changes is form. Since the film 4 is secured to the porous layer 2 at the support point 5, the porous layer 2 also moves and, since the support points 5 are at different places in the acoustic element, the acoustic element 1 can change its thickness substantially entirely.
- the voltage U need not be very high to provide a fairly high pressure P.
- Figure 2 shows an acoustic element with a plural number of different layers arranged one on the other.
- one side of the film 4 is secured substantially entirely to a first porous layer 2.
- the other side of the film 4 is secured to a second porous layer 2 substantially only at support points 5. between the second porous layer 2 and the film 4 being then the air gap 6.
- the support points 5 of successive air gaps 6 are at different places, thereby allowing the entire acoustic element to change its thickness.
- the support points 5 can be formed on the porous plates 2, for example, by pressing the plates at suitable places to form bulges.
- the places of the support points 5 can vary symmetrically or randomly, but it is essential that the support points 5 of successive layers are arranged at substantially different places.
- a strong electric field reduces the elastic constant of the structure, i.e. due to pressure the thickness of the structure changes essentially more than without the electric field, thereby substantially increasing the attenuating capability of the structure and lowering its resonance frequency.
- the structure can function in an attenuating manner, control electronics being not needed then.
- a static pre-voltage which allows the elastic constant of the structure to be controlled in a desired manner.
- the films 4 can also be provided with a permanent electret charge, if desired.
- the pre-voltage can be applied through a resistor having a high resistance, or the control electrode A, for example, can have a high resistance.
- Figure 3 illustrates the acoustic element 1 coated with an elastic surface material 8.
- the thickness of the surface material 8 can be from 0.1 to 10mm, for example.
- the surface material 8 can be a rubber carpet, for example, the acoustic element 1 thus being applicable as a floor covering, for example.
- the edges of the acoustic element can be provided with sealing portions 9 to make the element 1 hermetically sealed.
- the control electronics 10 can be arranged inside the acoustic element.
- the hermetically sealed element 1 can be used in very demanding humid conditions. Further, the acoustic element 1 can be made into a preformed structural board, thereby allowing it to be used as a construction element.
- the surface material 8 can be substantially air impermeable because the entire acoustic element 1 can change its form and thereby produce sound, although it does not allow air to pass through.
- the acoustic element in question can be used, for example, for sound attenuating purposes (as floor mats in cars, for example).
- sound attenuating purposes as floor mats in cars, for example.
- the acoustic element 1 may comprise an arbitrary number of layers. To produce sound, at least one porous layer 2 and at least one film 4 are needed. Instead of two charged films 4 and the metallization 7 between them shown in the embodiment of Figure 1, a film with polarized charging can be used (i.e. a film having a positive charging on one side and a negative charging on the other), the control voltage being then applied between the surfaces of the porous layers 2. The film 4 does not have to be charged if at least its surface is electrically conductive.
- the acoustic element of the invention can be used in various applications relating to sound reproduction and active noise attenuation.
- the acoustic element, or some of its layers can be used for example as sensors in acoustic systems while, at the same time, the other layers can be used as actuators.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
- Bidet-Like Cleaning Device And Other Flush Toilet Accessories (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
- Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
- Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI980926 | 1998-04-27 | ||
FI980926A FI115598B (fi) | 1998-04-27 | 1998-04-27 | Akustinen elementti |
PCT/FI1999/000337 WO1999056498A1 (en) | 1998-04-27 | 1999-04-26 | Acoustic element |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1060637A1 EP1060637A1 (en) | 2000-12-20 |
EP1060637B1 true EP1060637B1 (en) | 2005-08-03 |
Family
ID=8551595
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99919295A Expired - Lifetime EP1060637B1 (en) | 1998-04-27 | 1999-04-26 | Acoustic element |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1060637B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4527282B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE301382T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU3712099A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2330377A1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69926487T2 (ja) |
FI (1) | FI115598B (ja) |
NO (1) | NO20005393D0 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1999056498A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6873863B2 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2005-03-29 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. | Touch sensitive navigation surfaces for mobile telecommunication systems |
FI20010766A0 (fi) | 2001-04-11 | 2001-04-11 | Panphonics Oy | Sähkömekaaninen muunnin ja menetelmä energioiden muuntamiseksi |
FI118622B (fi) | 2002-01-17 | 2008-01-15 | Band Oy B | Soittimen muunnin ja menetelmä sen valmistamiseksi |
FI20040093A (fi) * | 2004-01-22 | 2005-07-23 | North Wave Ltd Oy | Kaiutin |
DE102004048990A1 (de) * | 2004-10-04 | 2006-04-06 | Volkswagen Ag | Lautsprecheranordnung in einem Kraftfahrzeug |
JP2006148612A (ja) * | 2004-11-22 | 2006-06-08 | Yamaha Corp | 音響装置 |
DE102005058175A1 (de) * | 2005-12-05 | 2007-06-06 | Volkswagen Ag | Lautsprecheranordnung zur Beschallung in einem Kraftfahrzeug |
DE102006045385B4 (de) * | 2006-03-01 | 2020-09-24 | Volkswagen Ag | Lautsprecheranordnung in einem Kraftfahrzeug sowie ein Verfahren zur Ansteuerung des mindestens einen Lautsprechers |
DE102006049543A1 (de) * | 2006-06-13 | 2007-12-20 | Volkswagen Ag | Lautsprecheranordnung zur gerichteten Beschallung eines Kraftfahrzeugsitzes |
DE102007007957A1 (de) * | 2007-02-17 | 2008-08-21 | Lyttron Technology Gmbh | Lautsprecher aufgebaut aus Folien |
FI20070155A0 (fi) * | 2007-02-23 | 2007-02-23 | Panphonics Oy | Elektreettilevyrakenne |
DE102007063344A1 (de) | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-02 | S1Nn Gmbh & Co. Kg | Audio-Endstufe für einen elektrostatischen Flächenlautsprecher |
DE102008047796A1 (de) | 2008-09-17 | 2010-04-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von breitbandigem Schall im Hörbereich des Menschen |
JP6547272B2 (ja) | 2014-10-16 | 2019-07-24 | ヤマハ株式会社 | 電気音響変換器 |
CN112584290B (zh) * | 2019-09-27 | 2022-07-26 | 华硕电脑股份有限公司 | 致动器 |
TWI708473B (zh) | 2019-09-27 | 2020-10-21 | 華碩電腦股份有限公司 | 致動器 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3654403A (en) * | 1969-05-01 | 1972-04-04 | Chester C Pond | Electrostatic speaker |
US3787642A (en) * | 1971-09-27 | 1974-01-22 | Gte Automatic Electric Lab Inc | Electrostatic transducer having resilient electrode |
US3740496A (en) * | 1971-11-08 | 1973-06-19 | Industrial Research Prod Inc | Diaphragm assembly for electret transducer |
AT382490B (de) * | 1984-12-03 | 1987-02-25 | Akg Akustische Kino Geraete | Grossflaechiger elektrostatischer lautsprecher |
CA1277415C (en) * | 1986-04-11 | 1990-12-04 | Lorne A. Whitehead | Elastomer membrane enhanced electrostatic transducer |
US4887248A (en) * | 1988-07-07 | 1989-12-12 | Cleveland Machine Controls, Inc. | Electrostatic transducer and method of making and using same |
-
1998
- 1998-04-27 FI FI980926A patent/FI115598B/fi active IP Right Grant
-
1999
- 1999-04-26 CA CA002330377A patent/CA2330377A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-04-26 EP EP99919295A patent/EP1060637B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-26 AU AU37120/99A patent/AU3712099A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-04-26 JP JP2000546549A patent/JP4527282B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-26 WO PCT/FI1999/000337 patent/WO1999056498A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-04-26 DE DE69926487T patent/DE69926487T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-26 AT AT99919295T patent/ATE301382T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-10-26 NO NO20005393A patent/NO20005393D0/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU3712099A (en) | 1999-11-16 |
FI980926A0 (fi) | 1998-04-27 |
ATE301382T1 (de) | 2005-08-15 |
NO20005393L (no) | 2000-10-26 |
FI115598B (fi) | 2005-05-31 |
DE69926487D1 (de) | 2005-09-08 |
DE69926487T2 (de) | 2006-05-18 |
EP1060637A1 (en) | 2000-12-20 |
NO20005393D0 (no) | 2000-10-26 |
CA2330377A1 (en) | 1999-11-04 |
FI980926A (fi) | 1999-10-28 |
WO1999056498A1 (en) | 1999-11-04 |
JP2002513263A (ja) | 2002-05-08 |
JP4527282B2 (ja) | 2010-08-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP1060637B1 (en) | Acoustic element | |
US5682075A (en) | Porous gas reservoir electrostatic transducer | |
US5450498A (en) | High pressure low impedance electrostatic transducer | |
US4885783A (en) | Elastomer membrane enhanced electrostatic transducer | |
CA2081038C (en) | Electret transducer array and fabrication technique | |
EP0800721B1 (en) | Keyboard | |
EP0165886B1 (en) | Sheet-like piezoelectric element | |
KR101733815B1 (ko) | 누설 경로를 갖는 mems 장치 | |
JP4312821B2 (ja) | 音響部材と音響処理方法 | |
US8391520B2 (en) | Flat speaker unit and speaker device therewith | |
US8411882B2 (en) | Electronic device with electret electro-acoustic transducer | |
EP1466501B1 (en) | Electromechanical transducer element, method for forming an electromechanical transducer element and transducer formed by said method | |
EP2182737B1 (en) | Electronic device with electret electro-acoustic transducer | |
Naono et al. | Design of an electro-acoustic transducer using piezoelectric polymer film | |
EP1010167B1 (en) | Method and arrangement for damping wall movement | |
KR20140115012A (ko) | 유동 유전체를 이용한 정전형 음향 트랜스듀서 | |
WO2010135925A1 (en) | Flat speaker unit and sperker device therwith | |
JPS62104400A (ja) | 電気音響変換器 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20000922 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI NL PT SE |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20030801 |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: KIRJAVAINEN, KARI |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: PANPHONICS OY |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI NL PT SE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20050803 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20050803 Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20050803 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20050803 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20050803 Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20050803 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20050803 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69926487 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20050908 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20051103 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20051103 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20051103 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20051114 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20060103 |
|
NLV1 | Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20060426 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20060504 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: MM4A |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20050803 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R082 Ref document number: 69926487 Country of ref document: DE Representative=s name: MAI DOERR BESIER EUROPEAN PATENT ATTORNEYS - E, DE Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R082 Ref document number: 69926487 Country of ref document: DE Representative=s name: MAI DOERR BESIER PATENTANWAELTE, DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20180321 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20180418 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20180416 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R071 Ref document number: 69926487 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: PE20 Expiry date: 20190425 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20190425 |