EP1056589B1 - Method for operating a shearing and compacting press and shearing and compacting press - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and to a shearing and compacting press for the production of pressed parts, preferably packages (20) from waste material, especially scrap and sheet clippings. The material used is pre-compacted in a first compacting step. In a second compacting step, the material, which has been pre-compacted to the width of the package, is subjected to intermediate compacting until the height of the package (20) is reached. In a third compacting step, final compacting of the material to the final width or length of the package (20) is carried out. According to the invention, the material is pre-compacted with a continuos force and optionally sheared until the compressor (3.1) reaches its final position. The compressor (3.2) is securely adjusted and guided to its end position on a parallel plane. Subsequently, the compressor (3.3) is guided in a position in which the compressor (3.1) releases the opening of the package chamber (2.3) when the compressor (3.1) is driven back. Finally, the compressor (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) is subjected to a pressure that is lower than the maximum pressure available in the compressors (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) at the beginning of the working and return strokes. The compressor (3.1) is subjected to maximum pressure for shearing and/or the compressors (3.2, 3.3) are supplied with maximum pressure to end pressing. The invention is also characterized in that the pressing pressure for the compressors (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) is gradually controlled depending on the degree of compression or the corresponding length.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a method for operating a shear packet press and a Shear packaging press for the production of compacts, in particular packages from scrap and Sheet metal wastes.

State of the art

Such methods and shear packet presses have become known according to US 4,121,515 A and EP 0 267 545 A.
These shear packet presses essentially consist of a filling box with a cutting edge, a horizontally guided compressor with a shearing knife therein, a press box arranged perpendicular to it with a compressor guided therein, and a package chamber with a horizontally guided compressor arranged transversely to the filling box.

In specific embodiments, the filling box and the press box flow into one common, the packet-like compact receiving space, the aforementioned Package chamber. The walls of the filling box, press box and parcel chamber form the housing the shear packer. The parcel chamber assigns an opening for the horizontal sliding door that the ejected compact passes. The compressors and the door are made of hydraulic pistons / cylinders, which are equipped with a hydraulic drive system are connected, moved.

• ein erster Verdichtungsschritt zur Vorverdichtung des aufgegebenen Materials auf die Breite des Paketes mittels eines in dem Füllkasten horizontal geführten Verdichters, wobei gegebenenfalls über den Verdichter hinausstehendes Material an der Schneidkante mittels des am Verdichter angeordneten Schermessers abgeschnitten wird,
• danach ein zweiter Verdichtungsschritt zur Zwischenverdichtung des auf die Paketbreite vorverdichteten Materials auf die Höhe des Paketes mittels des in dem Preßkasten senkrecht zum Füllkasten geführten Verdichters,
• sodann ein dritter Verdichtungsschritt zur Endverdichtung des Materials auf die endgültige Dichte bzw. Länge des Paketes mittels des horizontal quer zum Füllkasten in der Paketkammer horizontal geführten Verdichters, wobei nach Erreichen der endgültigen Dichte bzw. Länge das fertige Paket durch die Tür aus der Paketkammer ausgestoßen wird,

ausgeübt und erfolgt

• schließlich die Steuerung dieser Verdichtungsschritte mittels eines einen hydraulischen Druck erzeugenden Antriebssystems.

For the production of compacts, preferably packets, from waste material, in particular from scrap and sheet metal waste, known shear packet presses are used

• a first compaction step for pre-compaction of the material fed to the width of the package by means of a compressor which is guided horizontally in the filling box, material which may protrude beyond the compressor being cut off at the cutting edge by means of the shear knife arranged on the compressor,
• thereafter a second compression step for intermediate compression of the material pre-compressed to the package width to the height of the package by means of the compressor guided in the press box perpendicular to the filling box,
• then a third compression step for the final compression of the material to the final density or length of the package by means of the compressor horizontally guided transversely to the filling box in the package chamber, the finished package being ejected through the door from the package chamber after reaching the final density or length .

exercised and done

• finally the control of these compression steps by means of a drive system generating a hydraulic pressure.

The procedural and constructive basic principle has proven itself in practice, however there is a demand for functional improvements and constructive optimizations.

Presentation of the invention

The invention has for its object a method for operating a shear packet press to create the type described above, after the shear packet press in particular through the interaction of the compression steps a higher one Realized value in use. The shear packer press should proven modules, functionally further trained, take over.

According to the invention, this is achieved in accordance with the features of claims 1 to 24.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1

die eigentliche Scherpaketierpresse in perspektivischer Darstellung mit teilweise aufgeschnittener Ansicht,

Fig. 2

die Draufsicht nach Fig. 1 mit dem jeweils verschieden zugeordneten hydraulischen Antriebssystem,

Fig. 3

die schematische Darstellung der Funktionseinheit Tür,

Fig. 4

die schematische Darstellung des Kräfteverlaufes im Bereich der Funktionseinheit Tür,

Fig. 5

eine Ansicht der Scherpaketierpresse von der linken Seite der Fig. 1,

Fig. 6

zwei schematische Darstellungen, aus denen das Zusammenspiel des ersten und dritten Verdichters entnehmbar ist,

Fig. 7

die perspektivische Ansicht des kompakten Antriebsaggregates für sich,

Fig. 8

zwei Varianten der Dosierung des aufgeschnitten dargestellten Füllkastens der Scherpaketierpresse und

Fig. 9

der aufgeschnitten dargestellte Füllkasten mit zwei Stellungen des Preßdeckels.

Show in the drawings

Fig. 1

the actual shear packet press in perspective with a partially cut view,

Fig. 2

1 with the differently assigned hydraulic drive system,

Fig. 3

the schematic representation of the functional unit door,

Fig. 4

the schematic representation of the course of forces in the area of the functional unit door,

Fig. 5

FIG. 2 shows a view of the shear packet press from the left side of FIG. 1,

Fig. 6

two schematic representations from which the interaction of the first and third compressors can be seen,

Fig. 7

the perspective view of the compact drive unit for itself,

Fig. 8

two variants of the metering of the cut-open filling box of the shear packet press and

Fig. 9

the fill box shown cut with two positions of the press lid.

Best way to carry out the invention

The basic structural design of the invention is first explained.

1, the housing of a shear packet press 1 consists of a filling box 2.1, a press box 2.2 and a package chamber 2.3, and one of the piston / cylinder 6.1 driven compressor 3.1 with stops 7.1, one of the piston / cylinder 6.2 driven compressor 3.2 with stops 7.2 (Fig. 5) and a compressor 3.3 (Fig. 2a). The compressor 2.2 has a cutting edge which interacts with a shear knife 4.2. A door 5.1 connected to a piston / cylinder 6.4 is in a door case 5.2 lateral guide 5.3 (Fig. 4) horizontally movable in a lower guide 5.4 (Fig. 3) guided. The door box 5.2 is by means of tie rods 10 on the housing part of the package chamber 2.3 attached, the tie rods 10 at the same time against the door 5.1 by means of the compressor 3.3 Catch pressure exerted by the piston / cylinder 6 on the compact 20.

According to the installation options for a hydraulic system shown in Fig. 2 a) and b) Drive system 9.1 of the shear packet press 1 essentially consists of one Control block 9.2, a hydraulic tank 13 (Fig. 7), an oil pan 14 (Fig. 14) and one Control cabinet 16, which form a compact, pre-assembled unit 15.

The interaction of the compressor sequences, shown schematically in FIGS. 6 a) and b) 3.1 and 3.2 always creates a respective room 8, which may prevent the intrusion of falling material to be compressed is protected.

8 a) and b) are variants of two metering devices 12 for the purpose of the processing material and in Fig. 8 a) and b) two positions of a press cover 11 for the Fill box 2.1 shown.

• Ein mit kontinuierlicher Kraft beaufschlagtes Vorverdichten und ggf. Schneiden des Materials mit einer das beim Schneiden entstehende Kippmoment des Verdichters 3.1 eleminierenden, justiersicheren, planparallelen Führung bis zur Endstellung im ersten Verdichtungsschritt,
• eine während des danach anschließenden zweiten Verdichtungsschrittes justiersicher und auf die planparallele Endposition der Zwischenverdichtung gerichtete Führung des Verdichters 3.2,
• eine derartige Führung des Verdichters 3.3 im dritten Verdichtungsschritt, in der der Verdichter 3.1 bereits in einer die Öffnung der Paketkammer 2.3 freigebenden Stellung steht, wenn der Verdichter 3.3 in eine Stellung zurückgefahren ist, in der ggf. nachfallendes Material die Hubbewegung des Verdichters 3.3 nicht beeinträchtigt,
• einer jeweiligen Druckbeaufschlagung der Verdichter 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, die
  • bei den Verdichtern 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 am Anfang der Arbeitshübe sowie für die Rückhübe unterhalb des verfügbaren Maximaldruckes liegt und
  • bei dem Verdichter 3.1 für den Schervorgang und/oder bei den Verdichtern 3.2, 3.3 für das jeweilige Ende des Preßvorganges den erzeugbaren Maximaldruck verfügbar macht und schließlich
• eine dem jeweiligen Verdichtungsgrad bzw. der jeweiligen Länge entsprechend abgestufte automatische Steuerung des Preßdruckes für die Verdichter 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, so daß der Verdichtungsprozeß funktionsgerecht bis zum Fertigpressen gesichert ist.

The method according to the invention for operating the shear packet press 1 has the following basic sequence of steps or sequences and links after the filling box 2.1 has been filled with the material to be pressed by means of the metering device 12:

• A pre-compression with continuous force and, if necessary, cutting of the material with a guiding, parallel to the plane, parallel to the end position in the first compression step, which eliminates the tilting moment of the compressor 3.1.
• guidance of the compressor 3.2 during the subsequent subsequent second compression step in an adjustment-safe manner and directed towards the plane-parallel end position of the intermediate compression,
• such a guidance of the compressor 3.3 in the third compression step, in which the compressor 3.1 is already in a position that opens the opening of the package chamber 2.3, when the compressor 3.3 has been moved back to a position in which any falling material does not impair the stroke movement of the compressor 3.3 .
• a respective pressurization of the compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, the
  • for the compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 at the beginning of the working strokes and for the return strokes is below the available maximum pressure and
  • in the case of the compressor 3.1 for the shearing process and / or in the case of the compressors 3.2, 3.3 for the respective end of the pressing process, the maximum pressure which can be generated is made available and finally
• an automatic control of the pressing pressure for the compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, which is graded in accordance with the respective degree of compression or the respective length, so that the compression process is ensured in a functional manner until the final pressing.

The return strokes of the compressors 3.1, 3.3 are coupled, the compressor 3.3 First part of the way alone and the rest of the way together with the compressor 3.1 covered.

The movements of the compressors 3.1, 3.3 are coordinated so that the compressor 3.1 is then moved back behind the cutting edge 4.1 in order to put material back into the Filling box 2.1 to be able to give up when the compressor 3.3 on the return stroke in the Package chamber 2.3 is located in an area that has material in its space behind the Press plate of the compressor 3.3 does not penetrate.

The door 5.1 is simultaneously with the return stroke of the compressor 3.3 by means of hydraulic Separation closed or simultaneously with the return stroke of the compressor 3.2 hydraulic separation opened.

A measuring system is used for all of these processes, which records the movement sequences of the Compressor 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 and the door 5.1 and the size of the package 20 monitored and Signals for changing the functional processes, such as material feed, package density, Pressurization of the pistons / cylinders 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, oil level (leakage).

• Veränderung der Materialaufgabe in Abhängigkeit von dem für den Verdichtungsprozeß erforderlichen Materialbedarf,
• Veränderung des Preßdruckes mindestens eines der Verdichter 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 in Abhängigkeit von dem zu dem jeweiligen Verdichtungsschritt erforderlichen Preßdruck,
• Veränderung der Weglängen der Verdichter 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 in Abhängigkeit von mindestens einem der Sollwerte, wie Breite, Höhe und/oder Länge sowie Dichte des Paketes 20,
• Gewichtszunahme des aufgegebenen Materials in der Zeiteinheit (Gradient). Insgesamt wird dafür ein Hydrauliksystem für den Antrieb der Verdichter 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 und der Tür 5.1 mittels des hydraulischen Antriebssystems 9.1 sowie den Kolben/Zylindern 6.1, 6.2, 3 und Steuerblöcken 9.2 eingesetzt, welches
• einen verfügbaren Maximaldruck,
• den Verfahrensschritten entsprechend dimensionierte, gesteuerte Ventile,
• durch ein Ventil im jeweiligen Teil des Steuerblocks 9.2 getrennte hydraulische Kreisläufe für gleichzeitig ablaufende Vorgänge mit unterschiedlich benötigten Ölmengen,
• eine Kopplung von Vorgängen mit zwangsläufig vorbestimmter Ölübernahme,
• eine Überwachung zur Erkennung von Leckagen im Hydrauliksystem,
• einen über oder neben dem Kolben/Zylinder 6.3 für den Verdichter 3.3 angeordneten kompakten Steuerblock (9.2) und
• den Kolben/Zylindern 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 jeweils zugeordnete und integrierte, elektronische Wegemeßeinrichtungen/-sensoren

aufweist.For this purpose, a control for driving the compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 and the door 5.1 is used, in which at least one of the following functions is recorded, from the material feed, via the pre-compression and intermediate compression, to the final compression and the ejection of the package 20 , evaluated and, if necessary, intervened accordingly in the procedure:

• Change in the material feed depending on the material required for the compression process,
• Change of the compression pressure of at least one of the compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 depending on the compression pressure required for the respective compression step,
• Change in the path lengths of the compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 as a function of at least one of the target values, such as width, height and / or length and density of the package 20,
• Weight increase of the fed material in the time unit (gradient). Overall, a hydraulic system for driving the compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 and the door 5.1 by means of the hydraulic drive system 9.1 and the pistons / cylinders 6.1, 6.2, 3 and control blocks 9.2 is used, which
• an available maximum pressure,
• Controlled valves dimensioned according to the process steps,
• hydraulic circuits separated by a valve in the respective part of control block 9.2 for simultaneous operations with different amounts of oil required,
• a coupling of processes with inevitably predetermined oil takeover,
• monitoring to detect leaks in the hydraulic system,
• a compact control block (9.2) arranged above or next to the piston / cylinder 6.3 for the compressor 3.3 and
• the piston / cylinders 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 respectively assigned and integrated electronic displacement measuring devices / sensors

having.

A controller evaluates the signals of the path measuring devices for the weighing / task of the Material for monitoring the package size / density for a preselectable package length and / or Package density.

A control with alarm device for switching off the is expediently Control of the compression steps used when the compressors 3.1 and / or 3.2 the do not reach the respective end position.

At least one of the compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 is so in during a maintenance / repair moves a position that the for maintenance / repair, especially changing the wear lining, required space is accessible without removing any of the compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 to have to.

• die Schneidkante 4.1 und Kante des Schermessers 4.2 in einer nicht dargestellten Draufsicht bei Beginn des Schneidvorganges ein Dreieck bilden, der Verdichter 3.1 kippmomentsicher geführt ist und justiersichere Anschläge 7.1 (Fig. 1) als Führung zur Erreichung der planparallelen Endposition aufweist,
• der Verdichter 3.2 mit justiersicheren Anschlägen 7.2 als Führung zur Erreichung der planparallelen Endposition ausgestattet ist und
• eine derartige Ausbildung der Länge des Verdichters 3.3 vorgesehen ist, mit der während seines Rückhubs nachfallendes Material nicht in einen die Kolben/Zylinder 6.1, 6.3 umgebenden Raum 8 gelangen kann (Fig. 6 a), b)).

The method to be implemented in this way requires such a combination of features according to the invention that

• the cutting edge 4.1 and the edge of the shear knife 4.2 form a triangle in a plan view (not shown) at the beginning of the cutting process, the compressor 3.1 is guided against tilting torque and has adjustable stops 7.1 (FIG. 1) as a guide to reach the plane-parallel end position,
• the compressor 3.2 is equipped with adjustable stops 7.2 as a guide to reach the plane-parallel end position and
• such a design of the length of the compressor 3.3 is provided, with which material falling during its return stroke cannot get into a space 8 surrounding the pistons / cylinders 6.1, 6.3 (FIG. 6 a), b)).

Furthermore, the compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 during the respective pressing process from the available pressure of the hydraulic drive system 9.1 fully loaded during the simultaneous movement of at least one of the compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 and / or the door 5.1 of the pump circuits involved by means of a valve in the respective Control block 9.2 hydraulically separated, and it is at least one of the compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 with regard to its movements with another compressor 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 by means of necessarily coupled predetermined oil takeover.

It is crucial in the new construction system that the door 5.1 with the tie rods 10 defined biasing force is applied to the housing part of the package chamber 2.3 and the Compressing force of the compressor 3.3, the pressing forces being determined statically between the Compressor 3.3 and the tie rods 10 are added.

To support this constructional context, the door 5.1 is by means of the frame closed door box 5.2, the tie rods 10 run diagonally at corners along the bale chamber 2.3 and also hold the door box 5.2, which on the housing part of the Package chamber 2.2 is attached.

The guides 5.3, 5.4 of the door 5.1 are advantageously designed to be self-cleaning.

All lubrication holes are arranged and designed in such a way that they become clogged Abrasion can be avoided.

The piston / cylinder that opens and closes the door 5.1 is functional 6.4 attached in the middle of the door cross-section 5.1.

A favorable space-saving arrangement results if the piston / cylinder 6.4 next to the Compressor 3.1 and the side wall of the housing part of the filling chamber 2.1 are arranged integrated is.

To support the filling process, the press cover 11 can be provided on the filling box 2.1 become.

The continuous production of the compacts 20 with approximately the same mass is by the Dosing device 12 supports that as a container (Fig. 8a) or tipping trough scale (Fig. 8b) is executable.

All guides, especially those of the compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 and the door 5.1 are over Lubrication lines, not shown, with a central, automatically controlled lubrication unit connected.

The use of a washboard-like profile ensures for wear part linings combing out disruptive material parts of any type and shape (Fig. 1, Fig. 4).

• der kompakte hydraulische Steuerblock 9.2 unmittelbar der Scherpaketierpresse 1 zugeordnet ist,
• der Hydrauliktank 13 und das hydraulische Antriebssystem 9.1 und/oder das Schmieraggregat für die automatische Schmierung eine vormontierte Baueinheit 15 bilden, welche auf einer rahmenartigen Ölwanne 14 ruhen und
• der Schaltschrank 16 der Baueinheit 15 zugeordnet ist,

schafft eine Grund- und Fundamentfläche sparende Aufstellung. Dabei ist es zweckmäßig, die Baueinheit 15 im Winkel zwischen dem Füllkasten 2.1 und dem Kolben/Zylinder 6.3 des Verdichters 3.3 anzuordnen.An arrangement in which

• the compact hydraulic control block 9.2 is directly assigned to the shear packet press 1,
• the hydraulic tank 13 and the hydraulic drive system 9.1 and / or the lubrication unit for automatic lubrication form a preassembled unit 15 which rests on a frame-like oil pan 14 and
• the control cabinet 16 is assigned to the assembly 15,

creates a set-up that saves floor space and foundations. It is expedient to arrange the assembly 15 at an angle between the filling box 2.1 and the piston / cylinder 6.3 of the compressor 3.3.

• ein Automatikbetrieb im Dauertakt oder Einzeltakt, zur Herstellung der Preßlinge oder nur eines Preßlings,
• ein Stopfbetrieb, bei dem der Verdichter 3.1 das Material zusammenschiebt und die Einfüllöffnung erneut freigibt,
• ein Handbetrieb mit einzelner Bewegung der Kolben/Zylinder 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 bei elektrischer Verriegelung der Reihenfolge und
• sinnvolle Reparaturbetriebsabläufe

ermöglicht werden. Dabei ist der Preßdruck der Verdichter 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 so abgestuft einstellbar, daß stets Preßlinge in optimal hoher Dichte erzeugt werden können, ohne für den Preßdruck unnötige Zeit und Energie aufwenden zu müssen.The higher utility value to be created with the task for the shear packaging press is summarized for the operator both in terms of process and product-related so that

• an automatic operation in continuous cycle or single cycle, for the production of the compacts or only one compact,
• a tamping operation, in which the compressor 3.1 pushes the material together and opens the filling opening again,
• a manual operation with individual movement of the pistons / cylinders 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 with electrical locking of the sequence and
• meaningful repair operations

be made possible. The compression pressure of the compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 can be adjusted in such a way that compacts with an optimally high density can always be produced without having to spend unnecessary time and energy on the compression pressure.

Industrial applicability

Overall, the invention helps to reduce the investment and operating costs when using the To lower the machine, the cycle times of the shear packet press shortening and the Productivity and quality of the production of compacts are increased.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 =

The shear packet

2.1 =

hopper

2.2 =

press box

2.3 =

package chamber

3.1 =

compressor

3.2 =

compressor

3.3 =

compressor

4.1 =

cutting edge

4.2 =

razor

5.1 =

door

5.2 =

door box

5.3 =

lateral guidance

5.4 =

lower guide

6.1 =

Piston Cylinder

6.2 =

Piston Cylinder

6.3 =

Piston Cylinder

6.4 =

Piston Cylinder

7.1 =

attack

7.2 =

attack

8 =

room

9.1 =

hydraulic drive system

9.2 =

control block

10 =

tie rods

11 =

pressing lid

12 =

metering

13 =

hydraulic tank

14 =

oil pan

15 =

unit

16 =

switch cabinet

20 =

Package / package-like compact

Claims (24)

1. A method for the operation of a shearing baling press for the manufacture of compacts, for preference packets (20) from waste material, in particular from scrap and waste sheet metal, comprising:

   A first compaction step for the pre-compaction of the material delivered across the width of the packet (20) by means of a compactor (3.1) guided horizontally in a hopper (2.1), whereby, if appropriate, material which projects above the compactor (3.1) is cut off at a cutting edge (4.1) by means of a shear blade (4.2) arranged at the compactor (3.1);

   A second compaction step for the intermediate compaction of the material pre-compacted over the packet width to the height of the packet (20) by means of a compactor (3.2) guided in a compression box (2.2) vertically to the hopper (2.10);

   A third compaction step for the final compaction of the material to the final density or length of the packet (20) by means of a compactor (3.3) guided horizontally in a packet chamber (2.3), horizontally transverse to the hopper (2.1), whereby, on attaining the final density or length, the finished packet (20) is ejected through a door (5.1) out of the packet chamber (2.3), and;

   The compaction steps are controlled by means of a drive system (9.1) generating a hydraulic pressure;

   characterised by:

   a) A pre-compaction process subjected to continuous force and, if appropriate, the cutting of the material with a plane parallel secure-adjustment guide device, which eliminates the tilting moment of the compactor (3.1) incurred during cutting, as far as the final position in the first compaction step;

   b) A guide device for the compactor (3.2), directed towards the plane-parallel end position of the intermediate compaction, with secure adjustment during the second compaction step following thereafter;

   c) A guide device for the compactor (3.3) in the third compaction step, in which the compactor (3.1) is already in a position allowing for the opening of the packet chamber (2.3) when the compactor (3.3) is moved back into a position in which material which may fall back subsequently will not impair the lifting movement of the compactor (3.3);

   d) An imposition of pressure on the compactors (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) which

   for the compactors (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) at the start of the operating height and for the return strokes is below the maximum pressure available, and

   for the compactor (3.1) makes available the maximum pressure which can be generated for the shearing process and/or for the compactors (3.2, 3.3) for the end of the pressing process in each case; and

   e) An automatic control of the compressing pressure for the compactor (3.1, 3.2, 3.3), stepped in accordance with the individual degree of compaction or length in each case, for the functionally-correct control of the compaction process through to finished pressing.
2. The method according to Claim 1, characterised in that the return strokes of the compactors (3.1, 3.3) are coupled, whereby the compactor (3.3) initially covers a part of the path alone and the rest of the path together with the compactor (3.1).
3. The method according to one of Claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the movements of the compactor (3.1, 3.3) are matched to one another in such a way that the compactor (3.1) will not travel back behind the cutting edge (4.1) (in order to admit material once again into the hopper (2.1) until the compactor (3.3) is located in an area on the return stroke in the packet chamber (2.3) which will not allow material to penetrate into the area behind the compression plate of the compactor (3.3).
4. The method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the door (5.1) is closed simultaneously with the return stroke of the compactor (3.3) (by means of hydraulic separation).
5. The method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the door (5.1) is opened simultaneously with the return stroke of the compactor (3.2) (by means of hydraulic separation).
6. The method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised by the use of a measuring system which monitors the movement sequences of the compactors (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) as well as of the door (5.1) and the packet size, and issues signals for the changing of the function sequences, such as material delivery, packet density, pressure imposition of the pistons/cylinders (6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4), oil level (leakage), etc.
7. The method according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised by the use of a control unit for the drive of the compactors (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) and of the door (5.1), in which, from the material delivery, through pre-compaction and intermediate compaction, and up to final compaction and the ejection of the packet (20), at least one of the following functions is acquired, evaluated, and, if appropriate, engaged in the process sequence:

   a) Change in the material delivery as a function of the material requirement needed for the compaction process;

   b) Change in the compaction pressure of at least one of the compactors (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) as a function of the compaction pressure required for the individual compaction step in each case;

   c) Change in the travel lengths of the compactors (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) as a function of at least one of the reference values, such as width, height, and/or length and density of the packet (20).

   d) Increase in the weight of the material delivered in the time unit (gradient).
8. The method according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterised by the use of a hydraulic system for the drive of the compactors (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) and of the door (5.1) by means of an inherently known hydraulic drive system (9.1) as well as pistons/cylinders (6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4( and control blocks (9.2), which features:

   a) An available maximum pressure,

   b) Controlled valves, appropriately dimensioned to the process steps,

   c) Hydraulic circuits, separated by means of a valve in the individual parts of the control blocks (9.2), for simultaneously running procedures requiring different oil volumes,

   d) Coupling of procedures with mandatorily predetermined oil acquisition,

   e) A monitoring system for identifying leaks in the hydraulic system,

   f) A compact control block (9.2) arranged above or next to the piston/cylinder (6.3) for the compactor (3.3), and

   g) The electronic path measurement devices/sensors allocated to and integrated with each of the pistons/cylinders (6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4).
9. The method according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised by a control device, which uses the evaluated signals from the path measuring devices for the weighing-in/issue of the material for monitoring the packet size/density for a preselectable packet length and/or packet density.
10. The method according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterised by the use of a control device with alarm device for switching off the control device of the compaction step if the compactors (3.1) and/or (3.2) do not attain the respective end positions in each case.
11. The method according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterised in that, during maintenance/repair, at least one of the compactors (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) is moved into a position such that the space required for the maintenance/repair is accessible, in particular for changing the wearing cladding, without dismantling one of the compactors (3.1, 3.2, 3.3).
12. A shear packet press for the performance of the method, comprising

    A hopper (2.1) with cutting edge (4.1) and a compactor (3.1) guided horizontally therein, with shear blade (4.2), whereby, in the plan view, the cutting edge (4.1) and the edge of the shear blade (4.2) form a triangle at the start of the cutting process;

    A compression box (2.2) arranged perpendicular to this, and a compactor (3.2) guided therein;

    A packet chamber (2.3) arranged transverse to the hopper (2.1) and a compactor (3.3) guided horizontally;

    A common space accommodating the packet-like compact (20), the packet chamber (2.3), into which the hopper (2.1) and compression box (2.2) open, whereby the walls of the hopper (2.1), compression box (2.2) and packet chamber (2.3) essentially form the housing of the shear packet press (1).;

    An opening in the packet chamber (2.3) for a door (5.1) closing horizontally, which fits the compact (20) being ejected;

    Hydraulic pistons/cylinders (6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4) which are connected to the hydraulic drive system (9.1), for the actuation of the compactors (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) and the door (5.1);

    A guide system for the compactor (3.1), secured against tilting, with stops (7.1), secured against readjustment, as guides for the attainment of the plane-parallel end position; and

    Adjustable stops (7.2) as guides for the attainment of the plane-parallel end position of the compactor (3.2);

    characterised in that

    a) The length of the compactor (3.3) is designed in such a way that material which falls back during its return stroke cannot pass into the space (8) surrounding the pistons/cylinders (6.1, 6.3) in each case,

    b) The compactors (3.1, 3.2, 3.3), capable of being subjected in full to the pressure from the hydraulic drive system which is available during the compaction process, are hydraulically separated from the pump circuits involved during the simultaneous movement sequence of at least one of the compactors (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) and/or of the door (5.1) by means of a valve in the individual control block (9.2) concerned; and

    c) At least one of the compactors (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) is coupled to another compactor (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) in respect of its movement sequences, by means of mandatorily predetermined oil takeover.
13. The shear packet press according to Claim 12, characterised in that the door (5.1) comes in contact with the housing of the packet chamber (2.3) with a pre-tensioning force defined by a tie bolt (10), and in this situation absorbs the compression force of the compactor (3.1), whereby the pressure forces are absorbed in a statically predetermined manner between the compactor (3.3) and the tie bolts (10).
14. The shear packet press according to Claim 13, characterised in that the door (5.1) is guided by means of a closed door box (5.2) in the form of a frame, the tie bolts (10) run diagonally at the edges along the length of the compression chamber (2.3) and additionally hold the door box (5.2), which is located on the housing of the packet chamber (2.2).
15. The shear packet press according to Claim 12, characterised in that the guides (5.3, 5.4) of the door (5.1) are designed to be self-cleaning.
16. The shear packet press according to one of Claims 12 to 15, characterised by an arrangement of lubrication holes such as to avoid the blockage of the lubrication holes due to wear.
17. The shear packet press according to Claim 13, characterised in that the piston/cylinder (6.4) which carries out the opening and closing of the door (5.1) is located centrally in the door cross-section.
18. The shear packet press according to one of Claims 12 to 17, characterised in that the piston/cylinder (6.4) is arranged integrated next to the compactor (3.1) and the side wall of the housing of the hopper (2.1).
19. The shear packet press according to one of Claims 12 to 18, characterised in that a compression cover (11) is arranged on the hopper (2.1) to support the filling process.
20. The shear packet press according to one of Claims 12 to 19, characterised in that a metering device (12) is arranged upstream of the hopper in order to achieve continuous production of compacts (20) of approximately the same size.
21. The shear packet press according to one of Claims 12 to 20, characterised in that all the guides, in particular those of the compactors (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) and of the door (5.1) are connected by means of lubrication lines to a central automatically controlled lubricating device.
22. The shear packet press according to Claim 12, characterised by the use of a washboard-like profile for cladding for parts subject to wear, in order to comb out damaging materials of any type and shape.
23. The shear packet press according to Claim 12, characterised by an erection arrangement in which:

    a) The compact hydraulic control block (9.2) is arranged directly at the shear packet press (1);

    b) A hydraulic tank (13) and the hydraulic drive system (9.1) and/or the lubricating device for the automatic lubrication form a pre-mounted structural unit (15), which rest on a frame-like oil trough (14); and

    c) A switch cabinet (16) is allocated to the structural unit (15).
24. The shear packet press according to Claim 23, characterised in that the structural unit (15) is arranged in the angle between the hopper (2.1) and the piston/cylinder (6) of the compactor (3.3).

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