EP1055052B1 - Procede pour identifier une rupture d'arbre dans une turbomachine - Google Patents

Procede pour identifier une rupture d'arbre dans une turbomachine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1055052B1
EP1055052B1 EP99955983A EP99955983A EP1055052B1 EP 1055052 B1 EP1055052 B1 EP 1055052B1 EP 99955983 A EP99955983 A EP 99955983A EP 99955983 A EP99955983 A EP 99955983A EP 1055052 B1 EP1055052 B1 EP 1055052B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
accordance
frequency
rotational
shaft
friction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99955983A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1055052A1 (fr
Inventor
Burkhard Hayess
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rolls Royce Deutschland Ltd and Co KG
Original Assignee
BMW Rolls Royce GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BMW Rolls Royce GmbH filed Critical BMW Rolls Royce GmbH
Publication of EP1055052A1 publication Critical patent/EP1055052A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1055052B1 publication Critical patent/EP1055052B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
    • F01D21/04Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to undesired position of rotor relative to stator or to breaking-off of a part of the rotor, e.g. indicating such position
    • F01D21/045Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to undesired position of rotor relative to stator or to breaking-off of a part of the rotor, e.g. indicating such position special arrangements in stators or in rotors dealing with breaking-off of part of rotor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
    • F01D21/02Shutting-down responsive to overspeed
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00Control
    • F05D2270/01Purpose of the control system
    • F05D2270/02Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
    • F05D2270/021Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n) to prevent overspeed
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00Control
    • F05D2270/01Purpose of the control system
    • F05D2270/09Purpose of the control system to cope with emergencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for detecting a shaft break in a Flow engine with the goal, then a suitable speed limit Measure, in particular a quick fuel cut-off an aircraft gas turbine system to initiate, wherein a torque-emitting Turbine rotor and a torque-absorbing aggregate on the regarding of a break to be monitored, essentially at the end in at least two Rolling bearings are connected to each other.
  • a commercial disadvantage for a problem to be solved in this way is therefore the large number of systems used, depending on the specific conditions of the the respective aircraft engine must be adapted in terms of design.
  • at Aircraft engines that break waves between fans according to the Tangling principle and safely intercept low pressure turbine is always with the total loss of Blading with correspondingly high replacement costs.
  • On mechanical system with a reference shaft is at least if required subject to the partial loss of components, in addition to the fact that a such system means additional mass for the engine, which is what one Aircraft engine is of course undesirable.
  • the mass-cost ratio of mechanical solutions for realizing the required function of a safety shutdown in the event of a shaft break between Fan and low pressure turbine is from the point of view of manufacturing costs and operating costs classified as disadvantageous. Electro-mechanical or electronic solutions are over from the point of view of the total costs here clearly has an advantage.
  • the invention is based, an inexpensive task and safe method for detecting a wave break in a Fluid power machine and an associated device to accomplish.
  • the object is characterized by the features of Main claim solved.
  • the present invention preferably relates to the problem of a wave break between the fan as a torque absorbing unit and the torque-releasing low-pressure turbine rotor of an aircraft engine or a flight gas turbine system and the required speed limitation of the Low pressure turbine rotor, however, is analogous to any one Fluid power machine can be used.
  • the aim is to have such a procedure and associated device to use that on an electromechanical / electronic Execution based.
  • the rotational frequency of the respective shaft end in the respective rolling bearing can be determined. distinguish the rotational frequencies of the two shaft ends differ significantly from one another obviously a wave break before, so that a suitable one speed-limiting measure is initiated.
  • Prefers can use a filter unit to adjust the rotation frequency for both rolling bearings in real time of the roller bearing cage and / or the rollover frequency of the roller bearing outer ring and / or the rollover frequency of the roller bearing inner ring and / or the Rolling body rotation frequency determined and from this the rotational frequencies in the Rolling bearings mounted shaft ends can be determined separately.
  • Figure 4 shows the determination of the nominal pressure angle ⁇ O and the operating pressure angle ⁇ B for angular contact ball bearings.
  • f n denotes the rotational frequency of the respective shaft end in the rolling bearing and z the number of rolling elements.
  • vibration spectrum can also be generated by suggestions outside of the rolling bearing.
  • a typical one Vibration spectrum for a rolling bearing with an accelerometer as FIG. 5 shows the measurement signal pickup.
  • the aircraft engine shown in Figure 6 consists of a high pressure system 1 and a low pressure system 2 with shafts 3 and 4 for power transmission are equipped.
  • the two shafts 3, 4 are not mechanically connected to one another connected and thus rotate independently of each other.
  • the low pressure system 2 consists of the fan 2a, the rotor of the booster stage 2b and the low-pressure turbine rotor 2c, which are connected to one another via the shaft 3.
  • the high-pressure compressor rotor 1a and the high-pressure turbine rotor 1 b connected together.
  • the shaft 3 is on the torque-absorbing side Aggregates in the form of the fan 2a and the booster stage 2b via an as Grooved ball bearing trained roller bearing 6 is mounted.
  • the shaft 3 is over a Rolling bearing 7 is supported with cylindrical rolling elements.
  • a separate measuring channel is identical in each case for the two roller bearings 6 and 7 Execution provided. Since only one measurement signal per roller bearing 6 or 7 is required, the two measuring signal recorders 8a and 8b are connected to an OR gate 10 activated. In an analogous manner, the measurement signal pickups 9a and 9b an OR gate 11 responsible.
  • OR gates 10 and 11 each leave a complex-period measurement signal in the time domain, which can be assigned to the respective roller bearings 6 and 7.
  • t denotes a point in time
  • T the period of the periodic function.
  • the basic equations for a Fourier-transformed complex-period measurement signal are known to the person skilled in the art and are therefore not given here. It should only be mentioned that the Fourier transformation is carried out by the FFT processors 12 and 13.
  • the Fourier-transformed measurement function is now available in the form of the frequency representation. If, on the other hand, the calculation were carried out as a discrete Fourier transformation, the computational effort would no longer be in the real-time capable range. Therefore, recursion formulas are used that reduce the computing effort by a factor of 10 3 . Mature processes for this Fast Fourier transmission are available in different versions. The FFT processors 12 and 13 handle this task in real time.
  • the measured value functions which have been subjected to a significant data reduction without loss of information, then pass through the filters 14 and 15.
  • These filters 14, 15 are designed such that they can only pass a frequency band from 0 Hz to the maximum frequency which can be followed Equation (C) given above (in connection with FIGS. 2-4), which represents the rollover frequency of the rolling bearing inner ring, is determined.
  • the value f n in this equation (C) corresponds to the maximum permissible rotational frequency of the low-pressure turbine rotor 2c.
  • the filtering mentioned takes place almost instantaneously under real-time conditions.
  • the arithmetic processors 16 and 17 can carry out a comparison of the rotational frequencies for the rolling bearings determined according to equations (A) to (D), a predefined spreading range not being allowed to be exceeded.
  • the Gaussian method of least squares is preferably used to determine the effective values f n1 and f n2 and the standard deviations ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 of the measurement results, which are then used as the basis for a subsequent evaluation.
  • the rotational frequency information is thus in the form ⁇ f n1 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ and ⁇ f n2 ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ for both roller bearings 6, 7.
  • the inflow to the fuel ring line 19 is equipped with a fuel quick-closing valve 20.
  • This fuel quick-closing valve 20 which is not provided with an electromagnetic actuator 22, is always kept closed by means of a spring 21 in the electrically de-energized state. If the rotational frequencies f n1 , f n2 or ⁇ f n1 + ⁇ 1 ⁇ , ⁇ f n2 - ⁇ 2 ⁇ of those on both roller bearings 6 and 7 match, the fuel quick-closing valve 20 is thus kept under electrical voltage and is in the open state ,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Procédé pour identifier une rupture d'arbre dans une turbomachine, ayant pour objectif d'introduire ensuite une mesure appropriée pour limiter la vitesse de rotation, en particulier une coupure instantanée de l'alimentation en carburant sur un ensemble de turbine à gaz pour l'aéronautique, sachant qu'un rotor de turbine générant le couple de rotation et un organe absorbant le couple de rotation sont reliés entre eux par l'intermédiaire de l'arbre à surveiller quant à une rupture, qui est logé pour l'essentiel à ses extrémités dans au moins deux paliers à roulement (6, 7), dans lequel les fréquences de rotation (fn1 ; fn2) des deux extrémités de l'arbre dans les paliers à roulement (6, 7) sont déterminées et comparées entre elles en continu et pour l'essentiel en temps réel, et est déduite une rupture de l'arbre (3) en cas d'élévation de la fréquence de rotation (fn2) de l'organe absorbant le couple de rotation sur le palier à roulement (7) du côté du rotor de turbine par rapport à la fréquence de rotation (fn1) sur le palier à roulement (6),
    caractérisé en ce que,
    au moyen d'une unité de filtrage (14, 15) travaillant en temps réel, sont déterminées pour les deux paliers à roulement (6, 7) la fréquence de rotation de la cage du palier à roulement et/ou la fréquence de roulement de la bague extérieure du palier et/ou la fréquence de roulement de la bague intérieure du palier et/ou la fréquence de rotation du corps du roulement et en sont déduites les fréquences de rotation (fn1 ; fn2) des extrémités d'arbre logées dans les paliers à roulement (6, 7).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la détermination de la fréquence de rotation (fn1 ; fn2) de chaque extrémité d'arbre est effectuée en temps réel pour les deux paliers à roulement (6, 7) au moyen d'un processeur arithmétique (16, 17) via des canaux de mesure distincts en reprenant une ou plusieurs fréquences typiques de paliers à roulement émises par les paliers à roulement (6, 7) pendant leur rotation.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce que,
    lors de l'utilisation de plus d'une fréquence typique de palier à roulement, la détermination des fréquences de rotation (fn1 ; fn2) s'effectue selon la méthode du plus petit carré d'erreurs de Gauss sous la forme {fn1 ± σ1} et {fn2 ± σ2}.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé en ce qu'il y a pour chaque palier de roulement (6, 7) un canal de mesure fonctionnant séparément pour déterminer la fréquence de rotation (fn1 ; fn2) de chaque extrémité d'arbre dans les paliers à roulement (6, 7), et que les deux canaux de mesure se rejoignent dans un comparateur (18) afin de comparer les fréquences de rotation (fn1 ; fn2).
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le signal de mesure détecté sur les paliers à roulement (6, 7) par des capteurs de signaux de mesure (8a, 8b, 9a, 9c) contient une redondance dans l'information de mesure, et est de préférence un signal périodique complexe.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le signal de mesure périodique complexe {f(t) = f(t + nT), avec n = 0 ; 1 ; 2 ...} est transformé en temps réel de la plage de temporisation dans la plage de fréquences en un spectre d'amplitudes par la transmission de Fourier rapide.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6,
    caractérisé en ce qu'en cas d'apparition d'une différence significative entre les deux fréquences de rotation (fn1 ; fn2) dans la plage de vitesses de rotation possibles des deux paliers à roulement (6, 7), se produit une fermeture instantanée par commutation immédiate à l'état sans tension d'une vanne de carburant à fermeture instantanée (20) qui est sinon sous tension électrique et donc ouverte.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7,
    caractérisé en ce que
    dans la plage de vitesses de rotation possibles des deux paliers à roulement (6, 7), s'étendant de {fn2 + σ2} = {fn1 - σ1} à {fn1 + σ1} = {fn2 - σ2}, la vanne de carburant à fermeture instantanée (20) est sous tension électrique et ouverte, et qu'a lieu une fermeture instantanée de la vanne de carburant à fermeture instantanée (20) par commutation immédiate à l'état sans tension quand la condition {fn1 + σ1} < {fn2 - σ2} est satisfaite.
  9. Dispositif pour réaliser le procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel sur chaque palier de roulement (6, 7) sont placés au moins deux capteurs de signaux de mesure (8a, 8b, 9a, 9c) dont l'agencement et la fonction sont conçues de manière redondante pour chaque palier à roulement (6, 7), et les capteurs de signaux de mesure (8a, 8b, 9a, 9c) sont des capteurs de vitesse ou d'accélération de même type respectivement.
  10. Dispositif pour réaliser le procédé selon la revendication 9, dans lequel l'organe absorbant le couple de rotation (6) est un compresseur, une soufflante, un booster, une hélice ou une combinaison de ceux-ci.
  11. Dispositif pour réaliser le procédé selon la revendication 9 ou 10, dans lequel la vanne de carburant à fermeture instantanée (20) est commandée par ressort et est maintenue ouverte par un mécanisme de commande électromagnétique (22) traversé par un courant.
EP99955983A 1998-12-14 1999-11-12 Procede pour identifier une rupture d'arbre dans une turbomachine Expired - Lifetime EP1055052B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19857552 1998-12-14
DE19857552A DE19857552A1 (de) 1998-12-14 1998-12-14 Verfahren zum Erkennen eines Wellenbruches in einer Strömungskraftmaschine
PCT/EP1999/008717 WO2000036280A1 (fr) 1998-12-14 1999-11-12 Procede pour identifier une rupture d'arbre dans une turbomachine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1055052A1 EP1055052A1 (fr) 2000-11-29
EP1055052B1 true EP1055052B1 (fr) 2004-06-02

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EP99955983A Expired - Lifetime EP1055052B1 (fr) 1998-12-14 1999-11-12 Procede pour identifier une rupture d'arbre dans une turbomachine

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US (1) US6494046B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1055052B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19857552A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000036280A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59909646D1 (de) 2004-07-08
DE19857552A1 (de) 2000-06-15
US6494046B1 (en) 2002-12-17
EP1055052A1 (fr) 2000-11-29
WO2000036280A1 (fr) 2000-06-22

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