EP1053946A1 - Device for opening bags or packages - Google Patents
Device for opening bags or packages Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1053946A1 EP1053946A1 EP00401319A EP00401319A EP1053946A1 EP 1053946 A1 EP1053946 A1 EP 1053946A1 EP 00401319 A EP00401319 A EP 00401319A EP 00401319 A EP00401319 A EP 00401319A EP 1053946 A1 EP1053946 A1 EP 1053946A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bags
- teeth
- shaft
- opens
- crowns
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B69/00—Unpacking of articles or materials, not otherwise provided for
- B65B69/0008—Opening and emptying bags
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for opening bags and opening packages.
- This device is mainly used for sorting waste, to open bags and packages from prior waste collection.
- the device is also suitable for handling bulk waste, cardboard or packaging.
- a package usually consists of a stack of papers, newspapers and / or magazines held together by string or cord.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art by proposing a device allowing both the opening of bags and opening or dislocating packages reducing the risk of blocking and maintaining a constant supply flow of bags and packages.
- the device opens bags and opens packages is intended to be integrated into a waste sorting chain and more precisely at the start of sorting chain to open the bags and dislocate the tied packages from selective or non-selective collection of waste.
- the device according to the invention comprises a frame (1, fig. 1) inside which elements are mounted (10, 20, 30) which will be described later, allowing the bags to be opened and dislocate the packages.
- the chassis (1) comprises in its upper part a opening (2) through which bags and packages are introduced. This opening (2) is, for example, rectangular in shape and is dimensioned to allow the introduction of at least one bag or package and preferably of them.
- the bottom (3) of the chassis constitutes the waste discharge opening contained in the bags or packages opened by the elements (10, 20, 30).
- the device is supplied with bags and packages, for example, by a conveyor (not shown) which pours the bags and packages into the opening (2).
- Another conveyor (not shown) is also provided in below the bottom (3) of the chassis (1) to receive the waste discharged by the device and route them, for example, to a sorting station (not shown).
- Elements (10, 20, 30) for opening bags and packages include three shafts (10, 20, 30) mounted in parallel and not coplanar inside the chassis (1).
- These trees (10, 20, 30) include each a plurality of crowns (11.j, 21.j ', 31.j') toothed, concentric and integral with each tree (10, 20, 30).
- Each tree (10, 20, 30) is animated of a rotational movement through, for example, a system (not shown) of reducer driven by a belt itself driven in rotation by a motor.
- the installation of a reducer on each shaft (10, 20, 30) increases the torque of each shaft (10, 20, 30) and therefore increase their crushing or dislocation force.
- the establishment of the belt makes it possible to avoid, in the event of blocking of the shaft (10, 20, 30), associated with the belt, tire or damage the engine or even damage the tree (10, 20, 30).
- a blockage can occur, for example, when an object too bulky to be opened or dislocated quickly by the crowns (11.j, 21.j ', 31.j') is introduced into the device. Resolving this type of blockage will be explained later.
- the crowns (11.j, 21.j ', 31.j') toothed shafts (10, 20, 30) are shaped so particular.
- the teeth (110.j) of each crown (11.j) are perpendicular to the tree (10) and include a section (111.j, 112.j) effective in each direction (A, B) of rotation of the central shaft (10).
- a effective edge (111.j, 112.j) of a tooth (110.j) is a shaped edge to lacerate a bag and cut the ties of a tied package.
- Teeth (210.j ', 310.j ') of the crowns (21.j', 31.j ') of the lateral shafts (20, 30) are also perpendicular to their respective tree (20, 30) and include, on the other hand, a single section (211.j ', 311.j') effective.
- the effective edge (211.j ') of the teeth (210.j') acts in a first direction (A ') of rotation
- the edge (311.j ') effective teeth (310.j ') acts in the opposite direction of rotation (B') to the first direction of rotation (A ').
- the dimensions of the crowns (21.j ', 31.j') of the trees (20, 30) lateral are, for example, substantially identical to each other, but smaller than the dimensions of the toothed crowns (11.j) of the central shaft (10). So when the shafts (10, 20, 30) are rotated at the same speed but possibly in different directions, the tangential speed teeth (110.j) of the crowns (11.j) of the central shaft (10) is greater than the tangential speed of the teeth (210.j ', 310.j') of the crowns (21.j ', 31.j') of the lateral trees (20, 30).
- This difference in tangential speed creates an effect shear on bags or packages when they are caught between a tooth (110.j) of at least one crown (11.j) of the central shaft (10) and a tooth (210.j ', 310.j ') of at least one crown (21.j', 31.j ') of a lateral shaft (20, 30).
- This effect increased shear by a suitable conformation (described later) effective slices (111.j, 112.j, 211.j ', 311.j') of the teeth causes a laceration of the outer envelope of the bags and / or a severed links of tied packages.
- the dimensions of the toothed crowns (11.j, 21.j ', 31.j') of the different trees (10, 20, 30) and the distances between the axes of the trees (10, 20, 30) are chosen so that a package or bag cannot come out from the bottom (3, fig. 1) of the chassis (1) without being dislocated or torn.
- the radius of the crowns (11.j) of the central shaft (10) is between 500 and 600 mm
- the radius of the crowns (21.j ', 31.j') of the lateral shafts (20, 30) is between 200 and 300 mm
- the distance between the longitudinal axis of the shaft central (10) and each longitudinal axis of the lateral shafts (20, 30) is between 600 and 700 mm.
- the radius of a crown corresponds to the distance from the center of the crown to the top of a tooth in the crowned.
- the trees (10, 20, 30) are driven, for example, to the same speed of rotation.
- the speeds may be different as far as the shearing effect is obtained, that is to say in the measurement where the tangential speed of the teeth (110.j) of the crowns (11.j) of the central shaft (10) is greater than the tangential speed of the teeth (210.j ', 310.j ') of the crowns (21.j', 31.j ') of the lateral shafts (20, 30).
- the rotation of the trees (10, 20, 30) is as follows.
- the central tree (10) is driven in a first direction (A) of rotation
- the lateral shafts (20, 30) are rotated in the opposite direction (A ').
- the effective slices (211.j ') of the teeth (210.j') of the crowns of one of the two lateral shafts (20), said first side tree are oriented to collaborate with the slices (111.j) effective teeth (110.j) of the crowns (11.j) of the central shaft (10).
- This collaboration consists in operating the shearing effect described above, and simultaneously dragging lacerated bags and dislocated packages to the bottom (3, fig. 1) of the chassis (1).
- the change of direction of rotation of the shafts (10, 20, 30) is caused by the blocking of one of the trees (10, 20, 30).
- This blockage can intervene, for example, when the links of a tied package have not been broken enough to dislocate the package so that the crowns (11.j, 21.j ', 31.j') toothed drives it towards the bottom (3) of the chassis (1). No links broken off the package were those that were not accessible to the teeth of crowns of the central shaft and a lateral shaft.
- the detection of the blocking of one of the trees (10, 20, 30), that is to say the detection of its stopping, is carried out, for example, by detection means optical, mechanical, or electronic, such as for example a cell photoelectric.
- detection means optical, mechanical, or electronic such as for example a cell photoelectric.
- These detection means are connected to each motor drive in rotation of each shaft (10, 20, 30) to cause reversing the direction of rotation of each motor, and therefore of the shafts (10, 20, 30) when a stop of one of the trees (10, 20, 30) is detected.
- This change of direction of rotation of the shafts (10, 20, 30) initially causes the unblocking of the package or bag causing the blockage.
- this package or bag is driven, in particular by the toothed crowns (11.j) of the shaft (10) central, towards the crowns of the lateral shaft which has not been blocked by the package or bag.
- the package will change position and orientation and therefore present to teeth of the crowns of the central tree and the second tree of the zones which were not accessible to the teeth of the crowns of the first lateral tree. Therefore, if there are unbroken links in these areas then they are cut by the teeth, which weakens the package and allows its dislocation.
- the toothed crowns (11.j, 21.j ', 31.j') of each shaft (10, 20, 30) are mounted with an angular offset.
- the teeth (110.j, 210.j ', 310.j') crowns (11.j, 21.j ', 31.j') of a tree (10, 20, 30) are not aligned but have an angular offset.
- the angular offset is 60 °.
- crowns (21.j ', 31.j') of the side shafts (20, 30) are mounted so that each toothed crown (21.j ') of a lateral shaft (20) is coplanar with a ring gear (31.j ') of the other side shaft (30) and a ring gear (11.j) of the central shaft (10) is between two crowns of a tree lateral.
- This arrangement is shown more clearly in FIGS. 3A and 3B. Thanks to this special arrangement, a package or bag cannot pass through the device without being dislocated or lacerated. In addition, this provision allows to treat several packages or bags simultaneously.
- the distance between the crowns (11.j) of the central shaft (10) can be chosen so that a bag or package introduced into the device is taken by the teeth of two adjacent crowns (11.j) of the central shaft (10) and therefore also by the teeth of a crown (21.j ', 31.j') of a lateral shaft (20, 30).
- FIG. 4 represents a front view of a crown mounted on the central tree.
- each crown (11.j) of the central shaft (10) comprises three teeth (110.j) distributed regularly on the circumference of the crown. The axes of symmetry of teeth therefore form an angle of 120 ° between them.
- Each tooth (110.j) is substantially triangular shape whose base is confused with the crown circumference (11.j).
- the two slices (111.j, 112.j) of each tooth (110.j) of the crown (11.j) are provided with a toothing (1100.j) shaped to lacerate the envelope of the bags and cut the links of the packages.
- this toothing (1100.j) includes teeth having on their edges angular projections.
- the orientation of the teeth is substantially perpendicular to a radial direction of the central shaft (10).
- FIG. 5 represents a front view of a crown mounted on one either of the lateral axes.
- Each crown (21.j ', 31.j') toothed trees lateral (20, 30) includes as many teeth (210.j ', 310.j') as the crowns from the central tree.
- the crown shown in Figure 5 corresponds to a crown used with crowns of the central shaft conforming to those shown in Figure 4.
- each crown (21.j ', 31.j') comprises three teeth (210.j ', 310.j') regularly distributed over the circumference of the crown.
- Each tooth (210.j ', 310.j') is, for example, substantially shaped triangular.
- a single slice (211.j ', 311.j') of each tooth (210.j ', 310.j') has a toothing (2110.j ', 3110.j') substantially identical to the toothing of the slices of each tooth of the crowns of the central tree.
- the other tranche (212.j ', 312.j') of each tooth (210.j '310.j') is straight, i.e. it does not includes no teeth or is not shaped to lacerate the envelope of a bag or slicing the links of a package.
- the effective slices (211.j ', 311.j'), i.e. those with teeth (2110.j ', 3110.j') are distributed regularly on the circumference of the crown and inserted between two straight edges.
- the device according to the invention can also include means to slow down the fall of bags or packages introduced through the opening (2, fig. 1) of the chassis (1, fig. 1).
- These means are shown in Figure 6 and include at at least one axis (42) on which is mounted radially, at least one rake (41).
- Each rake (41) is formed, for example, by a wire forming a U.
- the material chosen to constitute the wire has sufficient elasticity to slow down the fall of a bag or package, and strong enough to bear the stress resulting from this fall without breaking.
- the mounting of each rake (41) on the axis (42) is produced by means of a finger (43) radial integral with the axis (42).
- Each finger (43) includes a hole intended to receive a screw (44) which holds the rake (41) by the middle branch of the U forming the rake (41).
- the axes (42) comprising the rakes (41) are mounted in the frame (1, fig. 1) parallel to the shafts (10, 20, 30, fig. 1) and to near the opening (2) of the device.
- the device includes, for example, two axes (42) located on either side of the opening (2, fig. 1) so that the rakes (41) of the axes (42) form a funnel inside the chassis (1, fig. 1) to slow down, and possibly guide, the bags or packages towards the toothed crowns.
- the inclination of the rakes (41) can be adjustable.
- each axis (42) are mounted in rotation relative to the chassis (1, fig. 1) and at least one end of each axis (42) is accessible from the outside of chassis (1, fig. 1).
- the projecting end (420) of each axis (42) includes means for rotating the axis (42) on its longitudinal axis and for blocking the rotation of the axis (42) in the desired position.
- These means include, for example, a rod (421) integral with the section of the axis (42), perpendicular and secant to the longitudinal axis of the axis (42).
- the rod (421) is long enough to project from the axis (42).
- a free end of the rod (421) is held between two screws (422, 423) contained in the plane perpendicular to the axis (42).
- the change in the inclination of the rakes (41) of an axis (42) is obtained by unscrewing one screw (422), then screwing (423) the other screw until the rod (421) is firmly held by the screws (422, 423).
- the device according to the invention allows, by setting place of three trees, to treat tied bundles which cause blocking almost systematic of the bag opener devices of the prior art.
- the supply of bags and packages is only stopped in a critical case, i.e. only when several successive changes of direction of rotation did not allow to dislocate the object causing successive blockages. So, the supply of product to be treated by the device does not undergo a break in charge.
- the particular arrangement of the toothed crowns associated with the slow rotation of the shafts provides a layer of substantially constant products, regardless of the loading rate achieved.
- the device opens bags and opens packages is characterized in that that it comprises a chassis (1) in which three shafts (10, 20, 30) are mounted, parallel and not coplanar, each tree (10, 20, 30) is animated by a rotational movement and has a plurality of crowns (11.j, 21.j ', 31.j') toothed, the teeth (110.j) of the central shaft having a section (111.j, 112.j) to effective teeth in both directions of rotation of the shaft, the teeth (211.j ', 311.j ') adjacent trees (20, 30) having an effective slice in a single direction of rotation so that in one direction of rotation the effective slice (311.j ') of the teeth of the first tree (30) collaborates with a slice (111.j) of teeth of the central shaft (10) and in the opposite direction of rotation the edge efficient (311.j ') of the teeth of the second tree (20) collaborates with the other edge (112.j) of the teeth of the central shaft (10), the orientation of the teeth effective teeth being substantially perpendicular to a chassis
- the central shaft (10) rotates in the direction anti-clockwise
- the secondary shaft (30) located to its left turns in the direction hourly and has its teeth arranged on the edge (311.j ') oriented in this direction and the other section (3112.j ') is straight
- the speed of rotation of the shafts (10, 20, 30) and the dimensions of the toothed crowns (11.j, 21.j ', 31.j') are chosen so that the tangential speed of the teeth (110.j) of the crowns of the shaft central (10) is greater than the tangential speed of the teeth (210.j ', 310.j') crowns of the side shafts (20, 30), to cause a shear on bags or packages caught between a tooth of at least one crown of the central shaft (10) and a tooth of at least one crown of a side shaft.
- the device comprises means for rotation detection on each shaft (10, 20, 30), these detection means being connected to the means for rotating each shaft to reverse the direction of rotation of the shafts when one of the detection means signals the stop during a determined time of the tree with which it is associated.
- the device comprises means for decommissioning, associated with the detection means which trigger the stopping of the device when the detection means have detected, for a period of time determined, a determined number of direction reversals of one of the trees (10, 20, 30).
- each toothed crown (11.j, 21.j ', 31.j') of each axis (10, 20, 30) has the same number of teeth distributed regularly on the circumference of each crown (11.j, 21.j ', 31.j').
- the toothed crowns (11.j, 21.j ', 31.j') of each shaft (10, 20, 30) are mounted with an angular offset one compared to each other.
- the angular offset is substantially 60 °.
- the lateral shafts (20, 30) comprise the same number of toothed rings (21.j ', 31.j') and are mounted so that each toothed crown of a lateral shaft is coplanar with a ring gear of the other side shaft and a ring gear (11.j) of the central shaft (10) is between two rings of a lateral shaft.
- the distance between the crowns teeth (11.j) of the central shaft (10) is determined so that a bag or a bundle is taken by the teeth of two adjacent crowns of the central shaft, when introduced into the device.
- each effective tranche (111.j, 112.j, 211.j ', 311.j') of a tooth comprises a toothing shaped to act in shear.
- the device comprises means (40) to slow the fall of bags or packages on the toothed crowns (11.j, 21.j ', 31.j').
- the means (40) for slowing the fall of bags or packages comprise at least two parallel axes (42) comprising radial fingers (43) on which rakes (41) of material are mounted elastic to form a funnel on the supply port (2) of the device.
- the axes (42) comprising the rakes (41) are mounted in rotation on their longitudinal axis, to adjust the inclination of the rakes (41) so as to increase or reduce the dimensions of the funnel in depending on the dimensions and / or weight of the bags or packages introduced into the device, and / or to allow their setting in motion during operation of the device, via a mechanical connection with a motor.
- each tree (10, 20, 30) is driven in rotation by a belt and a reduction gear mounted on the shaft, the reduction gear being rotated by a pulley secured to the shaft of an engine.
- each tree (10, 20, 30) is driven in rotation by a motor whose output axis is rigidly linked to the axis.
- each tree (10, 20, 30) is animated by a separate engine.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transmission Devices (AREA)
- Gear Transmission (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne un dispositif ouvre sacs et ouvre paquets. Ce dispositif est utilisé principalement pour le tri des déchets, pour ouvrir les sacs et les paquets issus d'une collecte préalable de déchets. Le dispositif est également adapté pour traiter des déchets en vrac, des cartons ou des emballages. Un paquet est habituellement constitué d'une pile de papiers, journaux et/ou magazines maintenus ensemble par de la ficelle ou de la corde.The invention relates to a device for opening bags and opening packages. This device is mainly used for sorting waste, to open bags and packages from prior waste collection. The device is also suitable for handling bulk waste, cardboard or packaging. A package usually consists of a stack of papers, newspapers and / or magazines held together by string or cord.
Il est connu dans l'art antérieur par le brevet américain N°5 484 247 un ouvre sacs comprenant deux arbres coplanaires tournant dans des sens opposés. Un premier arbre comprend des crochets radiaux qui happent les sacs et les présentent au deuxième arbre muni d'ailettes radiales qui éventrent le sac. L'inconvénient de ce dispositif est qu'il n'est pas adapté à l'ouverture des paquets constitués d'une pile de papiers, journaux, et/ou magazines ficelés ensemble et également d'objets encombrants. En effet, ce type de paquets provoque soit le blocage de la machine lorsque la distance entre les dents n'est pas suffisante pour laisser passer le paquet, soit la non ouverture du paquet dont les ficelles n'ont pas été tranchées par les crochets ou les ailettes des cylindres lorsque les paquets sont de taille inférieure à l'espace libre entre les dents.It is known in the prior art from American Patent No. 5,484,247 a bag opener comprising two coplanar shafts turning in opposite directions opposites. A first tree includes radial hooks which catch the bags and present them to the second tree provided with radial fins which disembowel the bag. The disadvantage of this device is that it is not suitable for opening packages consisting of a stack of tied up papers, newspapers, and / or magazines together and also bulky objects. Indeed, this type of packages either causes the machine to lock up when the distance between the teeth is not enough to let the package pass, i.e. the package does not open the strings of which were not cut by the hooks or the fins of the cylinders when the packets are smaller than the free space between the teeth.
La présente invention a donc pour objet de pallier les inconvénients de l'art antérieur en proposant un dispositif permettant à la fois l'ouverture des sacs et l'ouverture ou la dislocation des paquets en réduisant le risque de blocage et en maintenant un flux constant d'approvisionnement en sacs et en paquets.The object of the present invention is therefore to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art by proposing a device allowing both the opening of bags and opening or dislocating packages reducing the risk of blocking and maintaining a constant supply flow of bags and packages.
Ce but est atteint le dispositif ouvre sacs et ouvre paquets selon la
revendication 1.This goal is achieved the device opens bags and opens packages according to the
Des développements de l'invention sont décrits dans les revendications
2 à 17. Developments of the invention are described in the
D'autres particularités et avantages de la présente invention apparaítront plus clairement à la lecture de la description ci-après faite en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :
- la figure 1 représente une vue en perspective et partiellement en coupe du dispositif selon l'invention,
- la figure 2 représente une vue en perspective des trois arbres du dispositif selon l'invention,
- les figures 3A et 3B représentent respectivement une vue de côté et de dessus du dispositif,
- la figure 4 représente une vue de face d'une couronne montée sur l'arbre central,
- la figure 5 représente une vue de face d'une couronne montée sur l'un ou l'autre des axes latéraux,
- la figure 6 représente une vue en perspective des moyens pour ralentir la chute des sacs ou paquets introduits dans le dispositif.
- FIG. 1 represents a perspective view and partially in section of the device according to the invention,
- FIG. 2 represents a perspective view of the three shafts of the device according to the invention,
- FIGS. 3A and 3B respectively represent a side and top view of the device,
- FIG. 4 represents a front view of a crown mounted on the central shaft,
- FIG. 5 represents a front view of a crown mounted on one or the other of the lateral axes,
- FIG. 6 represents a perspective view of the means for slowing down the fall of the bags or packages introduced into the device.
Le dispositif selon l'invention va à présent être décrit en référence aux figures 1 et 2. Le dispositif ouvre sacs et ouvre paquets est destiné à être intégré dans une chaíne de triage des déchets et plus précisément en début de chaíne de triage pour ouvrir les sacs et disloquer les paquets ficelés provenant d'une collecte sélective ou non de déchets. Le dispositif selon l'invention comprend un châssis (1, fig. 1) à l'intérieur duquel sont montés des éléments (10, 20, 30) qui seront décrits ultérieurement, permettant d'ouvrir les sacs et disloquer les paquets. Le châssis (1) comprend dans sa partie supérieure une ouverture (2) par laquelle sont introduits les sacs et les paquets. Cette ouverture (2) est, par exemple, de forme rectangulaire et est dimensionnée pour permettre l'introduction d'au moins un sac ou un paquet et de préférence deux. Le fond (3) du châssis constitue l'ouverture d'évacuation de déchets contenus dans les sacs ou paquets ouverts par les éléments (10, 20, 30). L'approvisionnement du dispositif en sacs et paquets est réalisé, par exemple, par un convoyeur (non représenté) qui déverse les sacs et les paquets dans l'ouverture (2). Un autre convoyeur (non représenté) est également prévu en dessous du fond (3) du châssis (1) pour recevoir les déchets évacués par le dispositif et les acheminer, par exemple, vers une station de triage (non représentée).The device according to the invention will now be described with reference to Figures 1 and 2. The device opens bags and opens packages is intended to be integrated into a waste sorting chain and more precisely at the start of sorting chain to open the bags and dislocate the tied packages from selective or non-selective collection of waste. The device according to the invention comprises a frame (1, fig. 1) inside which elements are mounted (10, 20, 30) which will be described later, allowing the bags to be opened and dislocate the packages. The chassis (1) comprises in its upper part a opening (2) through which bags and packages are introduced. This opening (2) is, for example, rectangular in shape and is dimensioned to allow the introduction of at least one bag or package and preferably of them. The bottom (3) of the chassis constitutes the waste discharge opening contained in the bags or packages opened by the elements (10, 20, 30). The device is supplied with bags and packages, for example, by a conveyor (not shown) which pours the bags and packages into the opening (2). Another conveyor (not shown) is also provided in below the bottom (3) of the chassis (1) to receive the waste discharged by the device and route them, for example, to a sorting station (not shown).
Les éléments (10, 20, 30) permettant d'ouvrir les sacs et les paquets comprennent trois arbres (10, 20, 30) montés de façon parallèle et non coplanaire à l'intérieur du châssis (1). Ces arbres (10, 20, 30) comprennent chacun une pluralité de couronnes (11.j, 21.j', 31.j') dentées, concentriques et solidaires de chaque arbre (10, 20, 30). Chaque arbre (10, 20, 30) est animé d'un mouvement de rotation par l'intermédiaire, par exemple, d'un système (non représenté) de réducteur entraíné par une courroie elle-même entraínée en rotation par un moteur. La mise en place d'un réducteur sur chaque arbre (10, 20, 30) permet d'augmenter le couple de chaque arbre (10, 20, 30) et donc d'augmenter leur force de broyage ou de dislocation. La mise en place de la courroie permet d'éviter, en cas de blocage de l'arbre (10, 20, 30), associé à la courroie, de fatiguer ou d'endommager le moteur ou encore d'endommager l'arbre (10, 20, 30).Elements (10, 20, 30) for opening bags and packages include three shafts (10, 20, 30) mounted in parallel and not coplanar inside the chassis (1). These trees (10, 20, 30) include each a plurality of crowns (11.j, 21.j ', 31.j') toothed, concentric and integral with each tree (10, 20, 30). Each tree (10, 20, 30) is animated of a rotational movement through, for example, a system (not shown) of reducer driven by a belt itself driven in rotation by a motor. The installation of a reducer on each shaft (10, 20, 30) increases the torque of each shaft (10, 20, 30) and therefore increase their crushing or dislocation force. The establishment of the belt makes it possible to avoid, in the event of blocking of the shaft (10, 20, 30), associated with the belt, tire or damage the engine or even damage the tree (10, 20, 30).
Un blocage peut intervenir, par exemple, lorsqu'un objet trop encombrant pour être ouvert ou disloqué rapidement par les couronnes (11.j, 21.j', 31.j') est introduit dans le dispositif. La résolution de ce type de blocage sera expliquée ultérieurement.A blockage can occur, for example, when an object too bulky to be opened or dislocated quickly by the crowns (11.j, 21.j ', 31.j') is introduced into the device. Resolving this type of blockage will be explained later.
Afin d'augmenter l'efficacité du dispositif, notamment lorsqu'un objet encombrant ou un paquet ficelé est introduit dans le dispositif, les couronnes (11.j, 21.j', 31.j') dentées des arbres (10, 20, 30) sont conformées de façon particulière. Ainsi, pour l'arbre central (10) situé entre les deux autres arbres (20, 30), dits adjacents ou latéraux, les dents (110.j) de chaque couronne (11.j) sont perpendiculaires à l'arbre (10) et comprennent une tranche (111.j, 112.j) efficace dans chaque sens (A, B) de rotation de l'arbre (10) central. Une tranche (111.j, 112.j) efficace d'une dent (110.j) est une tranche conformée pour lacérer un sac et trancher les liens d'un paquet ficelé. Les dents (210.j', 310.j') des couronnes (21.j', 31.j') des arbres (20, 30) latéraux sont également perpendiculaires à leur arbre (20, 30) respectif et comprennent, en revanche, une seule tranche (211.j', 311.j') efficace. Pour le premier arbre (20) latéral, la tranche (211.j') efficace des dents (210.j') agit dans un premier sens (A') de rotation, alors que pour le deuxième arbre (30) latéral, la tranche (311.j') efficace des dents (310.j') agit dans le sens de rotation (B') opposé au premier sens de rotation (A'). Les dimensions des couronnes (21.j', 31.j') des arbres (20, 30) latéraux sont, par exemple, sensiblement identiques entre elles, mais inférieures aux dimensions des couronnes (11.j) dentées de l'arbre (10) central. Ainsi, lorsque les arbres (10, 20, 30) sont entraínés en rotation à la même vitesse mais éventuellement dans des sens différents, la vitesse tangentielle des dents (110.j) des couronnes (11.j) de l'arbre (10) central est supérieure à la vitesse tangentielle des dents (210.j', 310.j') des couronnes (21.j', 31.j') des arbres (20, 30) latéraux. Cette différence de vitesse tangentielle crée un effet de cisaillement sur les sacs ou paquets lorsque ceux-ci sont pris entre une dent (110.j) d'au moins une couronne (11.j) de l'arbre central (10) et une dent (210.j', 310.j') d'au moins une couronne (21.j', 31.j') d'un arbre latéral (20, 30). Cet effet de cisaillement augmenté par une conformation adaptée (décrite ultérieurement) des tranches (111.j, 112.j, 211.j', 311.j') efficaces des dents provoque une lacération de l'enveloppe extérieure des sacs et/ou un sectionnement des liens des paquets ficelés.In order to increase the efficiency of the device, especially when an object bulky or a tied bundle is introduced into the device, the crowns (11.j, 21.j ', 31.j') toothed shafts (10, 20, 30) are shaped so particular. Thus, for the central tree (10) located between the two other trees (20, 30), said to be adjacent or lateral, the teeth (110.j) of each crown (11.j) are perpendicular to the tree (10) and include a section (111.j, 112.j) effective in each direction (A, B) of rotation of the central shaft (10). A effective edge (111.j, 112.j) of a tooth (110.j) is a shaped edge to lacerate a bag and cut the ties of a tied package. Teeth (210.j ', 310.j ') of the crowns (21.j', 31.j ') of the lateral shafts (20, 30) are also perpendicular to their respective tree (20, 30) and include, on the other hand, a single section (211.j ', 311.j') effective. For the first lateral shaft (20), the effective edge (211.j ') of the teeth (210.j') acts in a first direction (A ') of rotation, while for the second lateral shaft (30), the edge (311.j ') effective teeth (310.j ') acts in the opposite direction of rotation (B') to the first direction of rotation (A '). The dimensions of the crowns (21.j ', 31.j') of the trees (20, 30) lateral are, for example, substantially identical to each other, but smaller than the dimensions of the toothed crowns (11.j) of the central shaft (10). So when the shafts (10, 20, 30) are rotated at the same speed but possibly in different directions, the tangential speed teeth (110.j) of the crowns (11.j) of the central shaft (10) is greater than the tangential speed of the teeth (210.j ', 310.j') of the crowns (21.j ', 31.j') of the lateral trees (20, 30). This difference in tangential speed creates an effect shear on bags or packages when they are caught between a tooth (110.j) of at least one crown (11.j) of the central shaft (10) and a tooth (210.j ', 310.j ') of at least one crown (21.j', 31.j ') of a lateral shaft (20, 30). This effect increased shear by a suitable conformation (described later) effective slices (111.j, 112.j, 211.j ', 311.j') of the teeth causes a laceration of the outer envelope of the bags and / or a severed links of tied packages.
Les dimensions des couronnes (11.j, 21.j', 31.j') dentées des différents arbres (10, 20, 30) et les distances entre les axes des arbres (10, 20, 30) sont choisies de sorte qu'un paquet ou un sac ne puisse pas sortir par le fond (3, fig. 1) du châssis (1) sans être disloqué ou lacéré. A titre d'exemple non limitatif, le rayon des couronnes (11.j) de l'arbre central (10) est compris entre 500 et 600 mm, le rayon des couronnes (21.j', 31.j') des arbres (20, 30) latéraux est compris entre 200 et 300 mm, et la distance entre l'axe longitudinal de l'arbre central (10) et chaque axe longitudinal des arbres latéraux (20, 30) est comprise entre 600 et 700 mm. Le rayon d'une couronne correspond à la distance entre le centre de la couronne et le sommet d'une dent de la couronne.The dimensions of the toothed crowns (11.j, 21.j ', 31.j') of the different trees (10, 20, 30) and the distances between the axes of the trees (10, 20, 30) are chosen so that a package or bag cannot come out from the bottom (3, fig. 1) of the chassis (1) without being dislocated or torn. By way of nonlimiting example, the radius of the crowns (11.j) of the central shaft (10) is between 500 and 600 mm, the radius of the crowns (21.j ', 31.j') of the lateral shafts (20, 30) is between 200 and 300 mm, and the distance between the longitudinal axis of the shaft central (10) and each longitudinal axis of the lateral shafts (20, 30) is between 600 and 700 mm. The radius of a crown corresponds to the distance from the center of the crown to the top of a tooth in the crowned.
Selon l'invention, les arbres (10, 20, 30) sont entraínés, par exemple, à la même vitesse de rotation. Cependant, les vitesses peuvent être différentes dans la mesure où l'effet de cisaillement est obtenu, c'est-à-dire dans la mesure où la vitesse tangentielle des dents (110.j) des couronnes (11.j) de l'arbre (10) central est supérieure à la vitesse tangentielle des dents (210.j', 310.j') des couronnes (21.j', 31.j') des arbres (20, 30) latéraux.According to the invention, the trees (10, 20, 30) are driven, for example, to the same speed of rotation. However, the speeds may be different as far as the shearing effect is obtained, that is to say in the measurement where the tangential speed of the teeth (110.j) of the crowns (11.j) of the central shaft (10) is greater than the tangential speed of the teeth (210.j ', 310.j ') of the crowns (21.j', 31.j ') of the lateral shafts (20, 30).
Les moyens d'entraínement en rotation des arbres (10, 20, 30), décrits précédemment, permettent de les entraíner dans les deux sens de rotation. La rotation des arbres (10, 20, 30) est la suivante. Lorsque l'arbre central (10) est entraíné dans un premier sens (A) de rotation, les arbres (20, 30) latéraux sont entraínés en rotation dans le sens opposé (A'). Ainsi, les tranches efficaces (211.j') des dents (210.j') des couronnes d'un des deux arbres (20) latéraux, dit premier arbre latéral, sont orientées pour collaborer avec les tranches (111.j) efficaces des dents (110.j) des couronnes (11.j) de l'arbre central (10). Cette collaboration consiste à opérer l'effet de cisaillement décrit précédemment, et simultanément à entraíner les sacs lacérés et les paquets disloqués vers le fond (3, fig. 1) du châssis (1).The means for driving the shafts in rotation (10, 20, 30), described previously, allow to train them in both directions of rotation. The rotation of the trees (10, 20, 30) is as follows. When the central tree (10) is driven in a first direction (A) of rotation, the lateral shafts (20, 30) are rotated in the opposite direction (A '). So the effective slices (211.j ') of the teeth (210.j') of the crowns of one of the two lateral shafts (20), said first side tree, are oriented to collaborate with the slices (111.j) effective teeth (110.j) of the crowns (11.j) of the central shaft (10). This collaboration consists in operating the shearing effect described above, and simultaneously dragging lacerated bags and dislocated packages to the bottom (3, fig. 1) of the chassis (1).
Lorsque l'arbre central (10) est entraíné dans le deuxième sens (B) opposé au premier sens (A) de rotation, les arbres (20, 30) latéraux sont entraínés en rotation dans le sens opposé (B') au premier sens de rotation. Ainsi, dans ce deuxième sens de rotation (B) de l'arbre central (10), ce sont les tranches (311.j') efficaces des dents (310.j') des couronnes (31.j') du deuxième arbre latéral (30), qui sont orientées pour collaborer avec les tranches efficaces (112.j') des dents (110.j) des couronnes (11.j) de l'arbre central (10), pour opérer l'effet de cisaillement, et entraíner les sacs lacérés et les paquets disloqués vers le fond (3, fig. 1) du châssis (1).When the central shaft (10) is driven in the second direction (B) opposite to the first direction (A) of rotation, the lateral shafts (20, 30) are rotated in the opposite direction (B ') to the first direction of rotation. Thus, in this second direction of rotation (B) of the central shaft (10), these are the effective slices (311.j ') of the teeth (310.j') of the crowns (31.j ') of the second lateral shaft (30), which are oriented to collaborate with the effective sections (112.j ') of the teeth (110.j) of the crowns (11.j) of the central shaft (10), for operate the shearing effect, and train the lacerated bags and packages dislocated towards the bottom (3, fig. 1) of the chassis (1).
Lors du fonctionnement du dispositif, lorsqu'un arbre latéral (20, 30) n'effectue pas l'effet de cisaillement avec l'arbre (10) central, sa rotation contribue à débarrasser les dents (110.j) des couronnes (11.j) de l'arbre (10) central de résidus de sacs, ou paquets ou déchets. Ainsi, l'efficacité des dents des couronnes de l'arbre central est conservée pendant leur rotation.During operation of the device, when a side shaft (20, 30) does not effect the shearing effect with the central shaft (10), its rotation helps to rid the teeth (110.j) of the crowns (11.j) of the tree (10) bag, or packet or waste residue center. So the effectiveness of the teeth crowns of the central tree is kept during their rotation.
Le changement de sens de rotation des arbres (10, 20, 30) est provoqué par le blocage d'un des arbres (10, 20, 30). Ce blocage peut intervenir, par exemple, lorsque les liens d'un paquet ficelé n'ont pas été suffisamment rompus pour disloquer le paquet pour que les couronnes (11.j, 21.j', 31.j') dentées l'entraíne vers le fond (3) du châssis (1). Les liens non rompus du paquet sont ceux qui n'étaient pas accessibles aux dents des couronnes dentées de l'arbre central et d'un arbre latéral.The change of direction of rotation of the shafts (10, 20, 30) is caused by the blocking of one of the trees (10, 20, 30). This blockage can intervene, for example, when the links of a tied package have not been broken enough to dislocate the package so that the crowns (11.j, 21.j ', 31.j') toothed drives it towards the bottom (3) of the chassis (1). No links broken off the package were those that were not accessible to the teeth of crowns of the central shaft and a lateral shaft.
La détection du blocage d'un des arbres (10, 20, 30), c'est-à-dire la détection de son arrêt, est réalisée, par exemple, par des moyens de détection optiques, mécaniques, ou électroniques, tels que par exemple une cellule photoélectrique. Ces moyens de détection sont connectés à chaque moteur d'entraínement en rotation de chaque arbre (10, 20, 30) pour provoquer l'inversion du sens de rotation de chaque moteur, et donc des arbres (10, 20, 30) lorsqu'un arrêt d'un des arbres (10, 20, 30) est détecté. Ce changement de sens de rotation des arbres (10, 20, 30) provoque dans un premier temps le déblocage du paquet ou du sac à l'origine du blocage. Ensuite, ce paquet ou ce sac est entraíné, notamment par les couronnes (11.j) dentées de l'arbre (10) central, vers les couronnes dentées de l'arbre latéral qui n'a pas été bloqué par le paquet ou le sac. Lors de son mouvement du premier vers le deuxième arbre latéral, le paquet va changer de positon et d'orientation et donc présenter aux dents des couronnes de l'arbre centrale et du deuxième arbre des zones qui n'étaient pas accessibles aux dents des couronnes du premier arbre latéral. Par conséquent, si des liens non rompus se situent dans ces zones alors ils sont tranchés par les dents, ce qui fragilise le paquet et permet sa dislocation.The detection of the blocking of one of the trees (10, 20, 30), that is to say the detection of its stopping, is carried out, for example, by detection means optical, mechanical, or electronic, such as for example a cell photoelectric. These detection means are connected to each motor drive in rotation of each shaft (10, 20, 30) to cause reversing the direction of rotation of each motor, and therefore of the shafts (10, 20, 30) when a stop of one of the trees (10, 20, 30) is detected. This change of direction of rotation of the shafts (10, 20, 30) initially causes the unblocking of the package or bag causing the blockage. Then this package or bag is driven, in particular by the toothed crowns (11.j) of the shaft (10) central, towards the crowns of the lateral shaft which has not been blocked by the package or bag. During its movement from the first to the second tree side, the package will change position and orientation and therefore present to teeth of the crowns of the central tree and the second tree of the zones which were not accessible to the teeth of the crowns of the first lateral tree. Therefore, if there are unbroken links in these areas then they are cut by the teeth, which weakens the package and allows its dislocation.
Si ce changement de sens de rotation n'a pas entraíné une rupture des liens du paquet pour obtenir une dislocation suffisante, ceci entraíne alors un nouveau un blocage de l'arbre central et donc un nouveau changement de sens de rotation pour présenter de nouvelles zones aux dents des couronnes. Lorsqu'un nombre déterminé de blocages pendant une durée déterminée a été détecté par les moyens de détection, ces moyens de détection provoquent alors l'arrêt de tous les moteurs.If this change of direction of rotation has not resulted in a rupture of the links of the package to obtain sufficient dislocation, this then leads to a again a blocking of the central shaft and therefore a new change of direction of rotation to present new areas to the teeth of the crowns. When a determined number of blockages for a specified period have been detected by the detection means, these detection means cause then stop all the motors.
Le changement de sens de rotation de façon automatique lors d'un blocage permet de conserver un flux constant d'approvisionnement du dispositif, contrairement aux dispositifs de l'art antérieur pour lesquels l'approvisionnement est stoppé lors d'un blocage. C'est uniquement lors de la répétition successive de blocage pendant une durée déterminée que le dispositif est arrêté ainsi que l'approvisionnement.Changing the direction of rotation automatically during a blocking keeps a constant flow of supply from the device, unlike the devices of the prior art for which the supply is stopped during a blockage. It is only during the successive repetition of blocking for a fixed period of time that the device is stopped as well as the supply.
Afin d'augmenter l'efficacité du dispositif selon l'invention, les couronnes (11.j, 21.j', 31.j') dentées de chaque arbre (10, 20, 30) sont montées avec un décalage angulaire. En d'autres termes, les dents (110.j, 210.j', 310.j') des couronnes (11.j, 21.j', 31.j') d'un arbre (10, 20, 30) ne sont pas alignées mais présentent un décalage angulaire. A titre d'exemple, lorsqu'une couronne comprend trois dents régulièrement disposées correspondant sur la circonférence de la couronne, le décalage angulaire est de 60°. De même, les couronnes (21.j', 31.j') des arbres latéraux (20, 30) sont montées de façon que chaque couronne (21.j') dentée d'un arbre (20) latéral soit coplanaire avec une couronne (31.j') dentée de l'autre arbre latéral (30) et qu'une couronne dentée (11.j) de l'arbre central (10) soit comprise entre deux couronnes d'un arbre latéral. Cette disposition est représentée plus clairement sur les figures 3A et 3B. Grâce à cette disposition particulière, un paquet ou un sac ne peut pas passer au travers du dispositif sans être disloqué ou lacéré. De plus, cette disposition permet de traiter plusieurs paquets ou sacs simultanément. De même, la distance entre les couronnes (11.j) de l'arbre central (10) peut être choisie pour qu'un sac ou un paquet introduit dans le dispositif soit pris par les dents de deux couronnes (11.j) adjacentes de l'arbre central (10) et donc également par les dents d'une couronne (21.j', 31.j') d'un arbre latéral (20, 30). In order to increase the efficiency of the device according to the invention, the toothed crowns (11.j, 21.j ', 31.j') of each shaft (10, 20, 30) are mounted with an angular offset. In other words, the teeth (110.j, 210.j ', 310.j') crowns (11.j, 21.j ', 31.j') of a tree (10, 20, 30) are not aligned but have an angular offset. For example, when a crown includes three regularly matched teeth on the circumference of the crown, the angular offset is 60 °. Likewise, crowns (21.j ', 31.j') of the side shafts (20, 30) are mounted so that each toothed crown (21.j ') of a lateral shaft (20) is coplanar with a ring gear (31.j ') of the other side shaft (30) and a ring gear (11.j) of the central shaft (10) is between two crowns of a tree lateral. This arrangement is shown more clearly in FIGS. 3A and 3B. Thanks to this special arrangement, a package or bag cannot pass through the device without being dislocated or lacerated. In addition, this provision allows to treat several packages or bags simultaneously. Of even, the distance between the crowns (11.j) of the central shaft (10) can be chosen so that a bag or package introduced into the device is taken by the teeth of two adjacent crowns (11.j) of the central shaft (10) and therefore also by the teeth of a crown (21.j ', 31.j') of a lateral shaft (20, 30).
La figure 4 représente une vue de face d'une couronne montée sur l'arbre central. Dans l'exemple de réalisation représenté figure 4, chaque couronne (11.j) de l'arbre central (10) comprend trois dents (110.j) réparties régulièrement sur la circonférence de la couronne. Les axes de symétrie des dents forment donc entre eux un angle de 120°. Chaque dent (110.j) est de forme sensiblement triangulaire dont la base est confondue avec la circonférence de la couronne (11.j). Les deux tranches (111.j, 112.j) de chaque dent (110.j) de la couronne (11.j) sont pourvues d'une denture (1100.j) conformée pour lacérer l'enveloppe des sacs et trancher les liens des paquets. Ainsi, cette denture (1100.j) comprend des dents ayant sur leur tranche des saillies anguleuses. De même, l'orientation de la denture est sensiblement perpendiculaire à une direction radiale de l'arbre central (10).FIG. 4 represents a front view of a crown mounted on the central tree. In the embodiment shown in Figure 4, each crown (11.j) of the central shaft (10) comprises three teeth (110.j) distributed regularly on the circumference of the crown. The axes of symmetry of teeth therefore form an angle of 120 ° between them. Each tooth (110.j) is substantially triangular shape whose base is confused with the crown circumference (11.j). The two slices (111.j, 112.j) of each tooth (110.j) of the crown (11.j) are provided with a toothing (1100.j) shaped to lacerate the envelope of the bags and cut the links of the packages. Thus, this toothing (1100.j) includes teeth having on their edges angular projections. Similarly, the orientation of the teeth is substantially perpendicular to a radial direction of the central shaft (10).
La figure 5 représente une vue de face d'une couronne montée sur l'un ou l'autre des axes latéraux. Chaque couronne (21.j', 31.j') dentée des arbres latéraux (20, 30) comprend autant de dents (210.j', 310.j') que les couronnes de l'arbre central. La couronne représentée figure 5 correspond à une couronne utilisée avec des couronnes de l'arbre central conforme à celles représentées figure 4. Ainsi, chaque couronne (21.j', 31.j') comprend trois dents (210.j', 310.j') régulièrement réparties sur la circonférence de la couronne. Chaque dent (210.j', 310.j') est, par exemple, de forme sensiblement triangulaire. Une seule tranche (211.j', 311.j') de chaque dent (210.j', 310.j') comporte une denture (2110.j', 3110.j') sensiblement identique à la denture des tranches de chaque dent des couronnes de l'arbre central. L'autre tranche (212.j', 312.j') de chaque dent (210.j' 310.j') est droite, c'est-à-dire qu'elle ne comprend pas de denture ou n'est pas conformée pour lacérer l'enveloppe d'un sac ou trancher les liens d'un paquet. Les tranches (211.j', 311.j') efficaces, c'est-à-dire celles comportant la denture (2110.j', 3110.j') sont réparties régulièrement sur la circonférence de la couronne et intercalées entre deux tranches droites. FIG. 5 represents a front view of a crown mounted on one either of the lateral axes. Each crown (21.j ', 31.j') toothed trees lateral (20, 30) includes as many teeth (210.j ', 310.j') as the crowns from the central tree. The crown shown in Figure 5 corresponds to a crown used with crowns of the central shaft conforming to those shown in Figure 4. Thus, each crown (21.j ', 31.j') comprises three teeth (210.j ', 310.j') regularly distributed over the circumference of the crown. Each tooth (210.j ', 310.j') is, for example, substantially shaped triangular. A single slice (211.j ', 311.j') of each tooth (210.j ', 310.j') has a toothing (2110.j ', 3110.j') substantially identical to the toothing of the slices of each tooth of the crowns of the central tree. The other tranche (212.j ', 312.j') of each tooth (210.j '310.j') is straight, i.e. it does not includes no teeth or is not shaped to lacerate the envelope of a bag or slicing the links of a package. The effective slices (211.j ', 311.j'), i.e. those with teeth (2110.j ', 3110.j') are distributed regularly on the circumference of the crown and inserted between two straight edges.
Le dispositif selon l'invention peut comprendre également des moyens pour ralentir la chute des sacs ou paquets introduits par l'ouverture (2, fig. 1) du châssis (1, fig. 1). Ces moyens sont représentés figure 6 et comprennent au moins un axe (42) sur lequel est monté de façon radiale, au moins un râteau (41). Chaque râteau (41) est formé, par exemple, par un fil formant un U. Le matériau choisi pour constituer le fil possède une élasticité suffisante pour ralentir la chute d'un sac ou d'un paquet, et suffisamment résistant pour supporter la contrainte résultant de cette chute sans se briser. Le montage de chaque râteau (41) sur l'axe (42) est réalisé par l'intermédiaire d'un doigt (43) radial solidaire de l'axe (42). Chaque doigt (43) comprend un perçage destiné à recevoir une vis (44) qui maintient le râteau (41) par la branche médiane du U formant le râteau (41). Les axes (42) comportant les râteaux (41) sont montés dans le châssis (1, fig. 1) de façon parallèle aux arbres (10, 20, 30, fig. 1) et à proximité de l'ouverture (2) du dispositif. Le dispositif comprend, par exemple, deux axes (42) situés de part et d'autre de l'ouverture (2, fig. 1) de sorte que les râteaux (41) des axes (42) forment un entonnoir à l'intérieur du châssis (1, fig. 1) pour ralentir, et éventuellement guider, les sacs ou paquets vers les couronnes dentées. L'inclinaison des râteaux (41) peut être réglable. Pour ce faire, les axes (42) sont montés en rotation par rapport au châssis (1, fig. 1) et au moins une extrémité de chaque axe (42) est accessible de l'extérieur de châssis (1, fig. 1). L'extrémité saillante (420) de chaque axe (42) comprend des moyens pour faire tourner l'axe (42) sur son axe longitudinal et pour bloquer la rotation de l'axe (42) dans la position souhaitée. Ces moyens comprennent, par exemple, une tige (421) solidaire de la section de l'axe (42), perpendiculaire et sécante à l'axe longitudinal de l'axe (42). La tige (421) est suffisamment longue pour faire saillie de l'axe (42). Une extrémité libre de la tige (421) est maintenue entre deux vis (422, 423) contenues dans le plan perpendiculaire à l'axe (42). Le changement de l'inclinaison des râteaux (41) d'un axe (42) s'obtient en dévissant une vis (422), puis en vissant (423) l'autre vis jusqu'à ce que la tige (421) soit fermement maintenue par les vis (422, 423). The device according to the invention can also include means to slow down the fall of bags or packages introduced through the opening (2, fig. 1) of the chassis (1, fig. 1). These means are shown in Figure 6 and include at at least one axis (42) on which is mounted radially, at least one rake (41). Each rake (41) is formed, for example, by a wire forming a U. The material chosen to constitute the wire has sufficient elasticity to slow down the fall of a bag or package, and strong enough to bear the stress resulting from this fall without breaking. The mounting of each rake (41) on the axis (42) is produced by means of a finger (43) radial integral with the axis (42). Each finger (43) includes a hole intended to receive a screw (44) which holds the rake (41) by the middle branch of the U forming the rake (41). The axes (42) comprising the rakes (41) are mounted in the frame (1, fig. 1) parallel to the shafts (10, 20, 30, fig. 1) and to near the opening (2) of the device. The device includes, for example, two axes (42) located on either side of the opening (2, fig. 1) so that the rakes (41) of the axes (42) form a funnel inside the chassis (1, fig. 1) to slow down, and possibly guide, the bags or packages towards the toothed crowns. The inclination of the rakes (41) can be adjustable. For this do, the axes (42) are mounted in rotation relative to the chassis (1, fig. 1) and at least one end of each axis (42) is accessible from the outside of chassis (1, fig. 1). The projecting end (420) of each axis (42) includes means for rotating the axis (42) on its longitudinal axis and for blocking the rotation of the axis (42) in the desired position. These means include, for example, a rod (421) integral with the section of the axis (42), perpendicular and secant to the longitudinal axis of the axis (42). The rod (421) is long enough to project from the axis (42). A free end of the rod (421) is held between two screws (422, 423) contained in the plane perpendicular to the axis (42). The change in the inclination of the rakes (41) of an axis (42) is obtained by unscrewing one screw (422), then screwing (423) the other screw until the rod (421) is firmly held by the screws (422, 423).
On conçoit que le dispositif selon l'invention, permet, par la mise en place de trois arbres, de traiter des paquets ficelés qui entraínent le blocage quasi systématique des dispositifs ouvre sacs de l'art antérieur. De plus, grâce à une gestion des blocages éventuels des arbres du dispositif, l'approvisionnement en sacs et paquets n'est stoppé qu'en cas critique, c'est-à-dire uniquement lorsque plusieurs changements successifs de sens de rotation n'ont pas permis de disloquer l'objet provoquant les blocages successifs. Ainsi, l'alimentation en produit à traiter par le dispositif ne subit pas de rupture de charge. De plus, la disposition particulière des couronnes dentées associée à la rotation lente des arbres permet d'obtenir à la sorti du dispositif une couche de produits sensiblement constante, quel que soit le débit de chargement réalisé.It is understood that the device according to the invention allows, by setting place of three trees, to treat tied bundles which cause blocking almost systematic of the bag opener devices of the prior art. In addition, thanks management of any blockages in the trees of the device, the supply of bags and packages is only stopped in a critical case, i.e. only when several successive changes of direction of rotation did not allow to dislocate the object causing successive blockages. So, the supply of product to be treated by the device does not undergo a break in charge. In addition, the particular arrangement of the toothed crowns associated with the slow rotation of the shafts provides a layer of substantially constant products, regardless of the loading rate achieved.
Ainsi, le dispositif ouvre sacs et ouvre paquets se caractérise en ce qu'il comprend un châssis (1) dans lequel sont montés trois arbres (10, 20, 30), parallèles et non coplanaires, chaque arbre (10, 20, 30) est animé d'un mouvement de rotation et comporte une pluralité de couronnes (11.j, 21.j', 31.j') dentées, les dents (110.j) de l'arbre central ayant une tranche (111.j, 112.j) à denture efficace dans les deux sens de rotation de l'arbre, les dents (211.j', 311.j') des arbres (20, 30) adjacents ayant une tranche efficace dans un seul sens de rotation de sorte que dans un sens de rotation la tranche efficace (311.j') des dents du premier arbre (30) collabore avec une tranche (111.j) des dents de l'arbre central (10) et dans le sens opposé de rotation la tranche efficace (311.j') des dents du deuxième arbre (20) collabore avec l'autre tranche (112.j) des dents de l'arbre central (10), l'orientation de la denture efficace des dents étant sensiblement perpendiculaire à une direction radiale.Thus, the device opens bags and opens packages is characterized in that that it comprises a chassis (1) in which three shafts (10, 20, 30) are mounted, parallel and not coplanar, each tree (10, 20, 30) is animated by a rotational movement and has a plurality of crowns (11.j, 21.j ', 31.j') toothed, the teeth (110.j) of the central shaft having a section (111.j, 112.j) to effective teeth in both directions of rotation of the shaft, the teeth (211.j ', 311.j ') adjacent trees (20, 30) having an effective slice in a single direction of rotation so that in one direction of rotation the effective slice (311.j ') of the teeth of the first tree (30) collaborates with a slice (111.j) of teeth of the central shaft (10) and in the opposite direction of rotation the edge efficient (311.j ') of the teeth of the second tree (20) collaborates with the other edge (112.j) of the teeth of the central shaft (10), the orientation of the teeth effective teeth being substantially perpendicular to a radial direction.
Selon une autre particularité, l'arbre centrale (10) tourne dans le sens anti-horaire, l'arbre secondaire (30) situé à sa gauche tourne dans le sens horaire et a ses dents disposées sur la tranche (311.j') orientée dans cette direction et l'autre tranche (3112.j') est droite et l'arbre secondaire (20) situé à sa droite tourne dans le sens horaire mais a ses dents disposées sur la tranche (211.j') orientée dans la direction opposée et l'autre tranche (212.j') est droite. According to another particular feature, the central shaft (10) rotates in the direction anti-clockwise, the secondary shaft (30) located to its left turns in the direction hourly and has its teeth arranged on the edge (311.j ') oriented in this direction and the other section (3112.j ') is straight and the secondary shaft (20) located his right turns clockwise but has his teeth arranged on the edge (211.j ') oriented in the opposite direction and the other edge (212.j') is straight.
Selon une autre particularité, la vitesse de rotation des arbres (10, 20, 30) et les dimensions des couronnes dentées (11.j, 21.j', 31.j') sont choisies pour que la vitesse tangentielle des dents (110.j) des couronnes de l'arbre central (10) soit supérieure à la vitesse tangentielle des dents (210.j', 310.j') des couronnes des arbres latéraux (20, 30), pour provoquer un effet de cisaillement sur les sacs ou les paquets pris entre une dent d'au moins une couronne de l'arbre (10) central et une dent d'au moins une couronne d'un arbre latéral.According to another particular feature, the speed of rotation of the shafts (10, 20, 30) and the dimensions of the toothed crowns (11.j, 21.j ', 31.j') are chosen so that the tangential speed of the teeth (110.j) of the crowns of the shaft central (10) is greater than the tangential speed of the teeth (210.j ', 310.j') crowns of the side shafts (20, 30), to cause a shear on bags or packages caught between a tooth of at least one crown of the central shaft (10) and a tooth of at least one crown of a side shaft.
Selon une autre particularité, le dispositif comprend des moyens de détection de rotation sur chaque arbre (10, 20, 30), ces moyens de détection étant reliés aux moyens de mise en rotation de chaque arbre pour inverser le sens de rotation des arbres lorsqu'un des moyens de détection signal l'arrêt pendant un temps déterminé de l'arbre auquel il est associé.According to another particular feature, the device comprises means for rotation detection on each shaft (10, 20, 30), these detection means being connected to the means for rotating each shaft to reverse the direction of rotation of the shafts when one of the detection means signals the stop during a determined time of the tree with which it is associated.
Selon une autre particularité, le dispositif comprend des moyens de mise hors service, associés aux moyens de détection qui déclenchent l'arrêt du dispositif lorsque les moyens de détection ont détecté, pendant une durée déterminée, un nombre déterminé d'inversions de sens d'un des arbres (10, 20, 30).According to another particular feature, the device comprises means for decommissioning, associated with the detection means which trigger the stopping of the device when the detection means have detected, for a period of time determined, a determined number of direction reversals of one of the trees (10, 20, 30).
Selon une autre particularité, chaque couronne dentée (11.j, 21.j', 31.j') de chaque axe (10, 20, 30) comprend le même nombre de dents réparties régulièrement sur la circonférence de chaque couronne (11.j, 21.j', 31.j').According to another particularity, each toothed crown (11.j, 21.j ', 31.j') of each axis (10, 20, 30) has the same number of teeth distributed regularly on the circumference of each crown (11.j, 21.j ', 31.j').
Selon une autre particularité, les couronnes dentées (11.j, 21.j', 31.j') de chaque arbre (10, 20, 30) sont montées avec un décalage angulaire l'une par rapport à l'autre.According to another particularity, the toothed crowns (11.j, 21.j ', 31.j') of each shaft (10, 20, 30) are mounted with an angular offset one compared to each other.
Selon une autre particularité, le décalage angulaire est sensiblement de 60°.According to another particular feature, the angular offset is substantially 60 °.
Selon une autre particularité, les arbres latéraux (20, 30) comprennent le même nombre de couronnes dentées (21.j', 31.j') et sont montés de façon que chaque couronne dentée d'un arbre latéral soit coplanaire avec une couronne dentée de l'autre arbre latéral et qu'une couronne dentée (11.j) de l'arbre central (10) soit comprise entre deux couronnes d'un arbre latéral.According to another particular feature, the lateral shafts (20, 30) comprise the same number of toothed rings (21.j ', 31.j') and are mounted so that each toothed crown of a lateral shaft is coplanar with a ring gear of the other side shaft and a ring gear (11.j) of the central shaft (10) is between two rings of a lateral shaft.
Selon une autre particularité, la distance séparant les couronnes dentées (11.j) de l'arbre central (10) est déterminée pour qu'un sac ou un paquet soit pris par les dents de deux couronnes adjacentes de l'arbre central, lorsqu'il est introduit dans le dispositif.In another feature, the distance between the crowns teeth (11.j) of the central shaft (10) is determined so that a bag or a bundle is taken by the teeth of two adjacent crowns of the central shaft, when introduced into the device.
Selon une autre particularité, chaque tranche efficace (111.j, 112.j, 211.j', 311.j') d'une dent comprend une denture conformée pour une action en cisaillement.According to another particular feature, each effective tranche (111.j, 112.j, 211.j ', 311.j') of a tooth comprises a toothing shaped to act in shear.
Selon une autre particularité, le dispositif comprend des moyens (40) pour ralentir la chute des sacs ou paquets sur les couronnes dentées (11.j, 21.j', 31.j').According to another particular feature, the device comprises means (40) to slow the fall of bags or packages on the toothed crowns (11.j, 21.j ', 31.j').
Selon une autre particularité, les moyens, (40) pour ralentir la chute des sacs ou paquets, comprennent au moins deux axes parallèles (42) comprenant des doigts (43) radiaux sur lesquels sont montés des râteaux (41) en matériau élastique pour former un entonnoir sur l'orifice (2) d'approvisionnement du dispositif.According to another particular feature, the means (40) for slowing the fall of bags or packages, comprise at least two parallel axes (42) comprising radial fingers (43) on which rakes (41) of material are mounted elastic to form a funnel on the supply port (2) of the device.
Selon une autre particularité, les axes (42) comportant les râteaux (41) sont montés en rotation sur leur axe longitudinal, pour régler l'inclinaison des râteaux (41) de façon à augmenter ou réduire les dimensions de l'entonnoir en fonction des dimensions et/ou poids des sacs ou paquets introduits dans le dispositif, et/ou pour permettre leur mise en mouvement lors du fonctionnement du dispositif, par l'intermédiaire d'une liaison mécanique avec un moteur.According to another particularity, the axes (42) comprising the rakes (41) are mounted in rotation on their longitudinal axis, to adjust the inclination of the rakes (41) so as to increase or reduce the dimensions of the funnel in depending on the dimensions and / or weight of the bags or packages introduced into the device, and / or to allow their setting in motion during operation of the device, via a mechanical connection with a motor.
Selon une autre particularité, chaque arbre (10, 20, 30) est entraíné en rotation par une courroie et un réducteur monté sur l'arbre, le réducteur étant entraíné en rotation par une poulie solidaire de l'arbre d'un moteur.According to another particularity, each tree (10, 20, 30) is driven in rotation by a belt and a reduction gear mounted on the shaft, the reduction gear being rotated by a pulley secured to the shaft of an engine.
Selon une autre particularité, chaque arbre (10, 20, 30) est entraíné en rotation par un moteur dont l'axe de sortie est lié rigidement à l'axe.According to another particularity, each tree (10, 20, 30) is driven in rotation by a motor whose output axis is rigidly linked to the axis.
Selon une autre particularité, chaque arbre (10, 20, 30) est animé par un moteur distinct. According to another particular feature, each tree (10, 20, 30) is animated by a separate engine.
Il doit être évident pour les personnes versées dans l'art que la présente invention permet des modes de réalisation sous de nombreuses autres formes spécifiques sans l'éloigner du domaine d'application de l'invention comme revendiqué. Par conséquent, les présents modes de réalisation doivent être considérés à titre d'illustration mais peuvent être modifiés dans le domaine défini par la portée des revendications jointes.It should be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention allows for embodiments under many other specific forms without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed. Therefore, the present modes of realization must be considered as illustration but can be modified in the field defined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (17)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9906858A FR2793772B1 (en) | 1999-05-20 | 1999-05-20 | DEVICE TO OPEN BAGS AND OPEN PACKS |
FR9906858 | 1999-05-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1053946A1 true EP1053946A1 (en) | 2000-11-22 |
Family
ID=9546199
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00401319A Withdrawn EP1053946A1 (en) | 1999-05-20 | 2000-05-15 | Device for opening bags or packages |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1053946A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2793772B1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006030172A2 (en) * | 2004-09-13 | 2006-03-23 | Wastec Limited | Improved bag splitter device |
EP2390195A1 (en) * | 2010-05-26 | 2011-11-30 | Immobiliare Felloni di Felloni Massimo | Emptying apparatus, particularly for deformable containers |
ES2401450R1 (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2013-05-30 | Estiguin Jesus Orti | MACHINE FOR RECYCLING OF URINE BAGS AND DIALYSIS |
CN113023174A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-25 | 北京理工大学 | Kitchen waste bag breaking device, control method and garbage can with kitchen waste bag breaking device |
CN116891044A (en) * | 2023-09-05 | 2023-10-17 | 常州市瑞高机械科技有限公司 | Full-automatic unpacking feeder for stacking bagged raw materials |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2414729B1 (en) * | 2012-01-20 | 2014-04-11 | Laninver S.H.C., S.L. | Cardboard box compartmentalized for bottles |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3596842A (en) * | 1969-03-05 | 1971-08-03 | Superior Tea And Coffee Co | Machine for separating a granular substance from a container of paper or the like |
US5484247A (en) | 1994-05-16 | 1996-01-16 | Bulk Handling Systems, Inc. | Bag breaker |
WO1997010057A1 (en) * | 1995-09-12 | 1997-03-20 | Niro Separation A/S | A comminution machine |
-
1999
- 1999-05-20 FR FR9906858A patent/FR2793772B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-05-15 EP EP00401319A patent/EP1053946A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3596842A (en) * | 1969-03-05 | 1971-08-03 | Superior Tea And Coffee Co | Machine for separating a granular substance from a container of paper or the like |
US5484247A (en) | 1994-05-16 | 1996-01-16 | Bulk Handling Systems, Inc. | Bag breaker |
WO1997010057A1 (en) * | 1995-09-12 | 1997-03-20 | Niro Separation A/S | A comminution machine |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006030172A2 (en) * | 2004-09-13 | 2006-03-23 | Wastec Limited | Improved bag splitter device |
WO2006030172A3 (en) * | 2004-09-13 | 2006-05-04 | Wastec Ltd | Improved bag splitter device |
EP2390195A1 (en) * | 2010-05-26 | 2011-11-30 | Immobiliare Felloni di Felloni Massimo | Emptying apparatus, particularly for deformable containers |
ES2401450R1 (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2013-05-30 | Estiguin Jesus Orti | MACHINE FOR RECYCLING OF URINE BAGS AND DIALYSIS |
CN113023174A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-25 | 北京理工大学 | Kitchen waste bag breaking device, control method and garbage can with kitchen waste bag breaking device |
CN113023174B (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2022-04-22 | 北京理工大学 | Kitchen waste bag breaking device, control method and garbage can with kitchen waste bag breaking device |
CN116891044A (en) * | 2023-09-05 | 2023-10-17 | 常州市瑞高机械科技有限公司 | Full-automatic unpacking feeder for stacking bagged raw materials |
CN116891044B (en) * | 2023-09-05 | 2023-11-24 | 常州市瑞高机械科技有限公司 | Full-automatic unpacking feeder for stacking bagged raw materials |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2793772B1 (en) | 2001-08-10 |
FR2793772A1 (en) | 2000-11-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0860385B1 (en) | Device for forming groups of products and separating such groups from each other, and mutually, in view of packaging them | |
FR2542699A1 (en) | PACKAGING MACHINE | |
FR2472510A1 (en) | STACKING AND PACKING MACHINE | |
FR2775676A1 (en) | Equipment for stacking cardboard sheets | |
EP1053946A1 (en) | Device for opening bags or packages | |
FR2627456A1 (en) | MULTIPLE DISTRIBUTION APPARATUS | |
FR2791964A1 (en) | NOTEBOOK OUTPUT DEVICE COMPRISING TWO ROTATING DEVICES FORMING PALLET WHEELS | |
EP0193898B1 (en) | Harvester for experimental parcels | |
FR2677955A1 (en) | Device for transporting articles, particularly for automatic packaging installations | |
EP0000451B1 (en) | Article-retention clamp, a system for hanging, removing and overlapping application of such a clamp, and a handling device to put this clamp and system into use | |
EP0979787B1 (en) | Device for constituting batches of juxtaposed articles and facility with such a device | |
FR2635992A2 (en) | Automatic feeder system for oyster sorting machines | |
FR2565074A1 (en) | Apparatus for opening cigarette packets and extracting the cigarette portions containing the tobacco | |
FR2638422A1 (en) | DEVICE FOR TRANSFERRING STACKS OF PRODUCTS TO BE PACKED AND EQUIPMENT INCLUDING THE DEVICE | |
EP2732695A1 (en) | Agricultural machine for untangling bales of hay or straw | |
WO2014096589A1 (en) | Facility for grouping products | |
FR2508879A1 (en) | DEVICE FOR THE SYMMETRIC OPENING OF SIGNATURES COMPRISING MULTIPLE SHEETS AND FOR THEIR DISPOSAL ON A TRANSPORT SADDLE | |
EP0169759B1 (en) | Loading apparatus for silo unloaders-distributors | |
FR2521113A1 (en) | Stack handling machine for personal hygiene pads - uses vertical drum with four cavities spaced at 90 degrees and having vertical stack pushed into side cavities and then extracted | |
FR2570301A1 (en) | Machine for sizing asparagus or other vegetables with automatic feed | |
WO2008006962A2 (en) | Trussing machine for placing crossed ties around products, especially meat products | |
JPH10290939A (en) | Garbage grinding device | |
FR2663608A1 (en) | Device for placing calibrated food products in trays | |
EP0152712B1 (en) | Method of making a load by piling bags or boxes into horizontal layers, and apparatus therefor | |
FR2624689A1 (en) | Equipment for harvesting tomatoes |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BE ES FR GB IT PT |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI |
|
AKX | Designation fees paid |
Free format text: BE ES FR GB IT PT |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8566 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20010411 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20081201 |