EP1053540A1 - Tuning device for a drum - Google Patents
Tuning device for a drumInfo
- Publication number
- EP1053540A1 EP1053540A1 EP99907280A EP99907280A EP1053540A1 EP 1053540 A1 EP1053540 A1 EP 1053540A1 EP 99907280 A EP99907280 A EP 99907280A EP 99907280 A EP99907280 A EP 99907280A EP 1053540 A1 EP1053540 A1 EP 1053540A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- skin
- ring
- edge
- percussion instrument
- instrument according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10D13/00—Percussion musical instruments; Details or accessories therefor
- G10D13/01—General design of percussion musical instruments
- G10D13/02—Drums; Tambourines with drumheads
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10D13/00—Percussion musical instruments; Details or accessories therefor
- G10D13/10—Details of, or accessories for, percussion musical instruments
- G10D13/16—Tuning devices; Hoops; Lugs
Definitions
- the invention relates to a percussion instrument, in particular a drum serving as a rhythm instrument, with a hollow body and at least one skin that is stretched tightly over the hollow body, the tension of the skin being adjustable and adjustable via a tensioning device, which acts as a directly or indirectly acting on the edge of the skin.
- Inflatable tube body is formed, which is supported on the one hand on a filled with plastic material, lying on or resting on the hollow body support edge and on the other hand against a brass knuckle.
- Such percussion instruments are widely used musical instruments. They are the main rhythm instrument.
- Drums belonging to the percussion instruments consist of a frame or a hollow body with one or two skins stretched tightly above it. The skins can be glued, nailed or flocked. If you want to make the fur adjustable or to change the tension, the fur is usually tightened by means of a tire, by lacing or by screws.
- the drums are struck with the hands or with so-called mallets.
- a wreath is provided for hitting with mallets, that is, a ring-shaped elevation in the edge area (knuckle-duster ring) in order to achieve certain effects.
- the player of such a percussion instrument is essentially dependent on the tensioning of the head.
- the skin or the fixing ring which represents the edge of the skin can only be tensioned selectively and, as already mentioned, by means of screws which are supported on a support ring which usually runs centrally around the hollow body. These screws have to be secured at the upper edge, which is placed on the fur fixing edge, which is a complex construction.
- a corresponding voltage can only be reached at relatively few points, even if it is open 2 the tensioning frame lying on the skin fixing ring can serve as a compensating element in some respects.
- 5,392,581 teaches a drum which, although distributed over the circumference, also has a plurality of clip holders, but in which a hose body is arranged between the brass knuckle and the edge of the fur, which are filled with compressed air or liquid and also again accordingly can be emptied.
- a specific load on the skin so that it is evenly tensioned.
- the compressed air or the other fluid must be let in at one end of the tube body and also be let out again at the same point. The filling is done like a balloon.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a percussion instrument in which the skin is always tensioned uniformly and to a sufficient extent 3 is and can swing optimally.
- the hose body is a closed ring body which is integrated in the supporting edge.
- the special design of the tubular body in the form of a closed ring body first of all ensures that the ring body also expands or contracts correspondingly over the entire edge of the fur, so that an all-round uniform tension of the fur is ensured.
- This tensioning of the fur can also be reliably effected in the necessary area because the tube body or the closed ring body is integrated into the protective support edge.
- the support rim is made of aluminum or similar material and is also known ring, in which a corresponding hose body is now integrated instead of the plastic material.
- This tube body can expand or contract in the support edge in such a way that it can act on the edge of the fur in a correspondingly secure or loosening manner.
- the tube body is at the same time designed and arranged to co-fix the edge of the fur inserted into the U-shaped support edge.
- the edge of the fur can be inserted into the U-shaped support edge and then the tube body can be pressed in, which at the same time also fixes the edge of the fur by inflating and ensures that it is not only tensioned but also securely stored in the U-shaped support edge remains.
- the fur itself remains unaffected by the brass knuckle ring or the pegging ring, so that it lies optimally on the edge of the hollow body and can therefore vibrate optimally. This results in the fullness of tone desired by the drummer and the possibility of producing corresponding variants.
- the tube body and the skin consist of the same material, preferably PU material.
- This polyurethane is already used for skins today, so the material itself is not new to the drummer 4 is, however, its fixation and connection to the tube body, which ensures tensioning of the fur.
- the hose body and the skin are designed as one component.
- the connection for the compressed air hose or the other connection is made in the hose body, it is also conceivable that a valve is arranged in this area so that the possibly re-emerging compressed air can be discharged into the environment.
- a component can be assembled particularly easily, as described, because the tube body can simply be inserted into the U-shaped support edge, so that the fur is fixed immediately with the first inflation of the tube body, while then with the further inflation of the tube body Fell is also excited according to the wishes of the drummer.
- the fur consists of epoxy material and forms a structural unit with the tube body consisting of epoxy and PU material (hybrids). It is conceivable that the skin is made of epoxy resin and the tube body is made of the hybrid, but it is also conceivable that the tube body is only made of PU material, which can then be difficult with regard to the connection to the skin.
- the tube body which is inserted into the U-shaped support edge, should act evenly on the edge of the fur, but on the other hand also expand, especially against the covering knuckle ring.
- An optimal solution for the necessary function is that in which the upper free wall of the hose body has a greater elasticity than the other wall. This greater elasticity can also be achieved, for example, by reducing the wall thickness or by using a correspondingly different material mixture. What is achieved is that the tube body expands primarily against the brass knuckle and thereby for it 5 ensures that the fur is wrapped around the edge of the hollow body, tensioned accordingly and then can be played optimally. It is also conceivable that the support edge made of aluminum or similar material also allows widening, so that the clamping forces can be increased even further.
- the upper free wall is covered by a flexible or limitedly flexible spoke plate. It is in turn possible to favor the stretching process or to allow further stretching via this flexible spoke plate, in order to increase the span, which allows for optimal tension of the fur. It is simple and particularly useful if the bottom of the brass knuckle is equipped as a spoke plate.
- the expansion of the hose body is predetermined by the embedding in the support edge and is advantageously carried out in a targeted manner.
- Such percussion instruments are used both as a hand drum and, for example, in corresponding larger or smaller orchestral groups. Particularly when used in the latter area, it is advantageous if the hose body is connected to a compressed air reservoir or compressed air generator, an intermediate valve being switchable via a foot pedal belonging to the rhythm group. The drummer can thus ensure that the tension of the head changes even during the game by switching on or off the compressed air reservoir, which is particularly interesting for the variety of sounds.
- the brass knuckle serves in a way as an abutment for the tubular body supported in the U-shaped support edge. It is set in a simple and expedient manner in such a way that it is fixed on the outer wall of the hollow body by means of known locks. In terms of scope, the definition at four, eight or more places is sufficient, depending on the size of the percussion instrument or drum. In this case, simple known locks can be used, which only have to hold the brass knuckle in a predetermined position. The more modern hollow bodies of such percussion instruments are made of plastic. However, if wood or a less flexible material is used as a hollow body, it is 6 parts if a flexible ring made of PU material or resin is placed on the edge of the hollow body.
- the skin runs over this flex ring, so that in terms of the tensioning forces, but in particular the sound effect, it is equivalent to a hollow body consisting overall of a corresponding plastic material.
- the flex ring can pass into an outer skin for the hollow body, such flex rings having to be arranged on both sides of the hollow body in the case of such percussion instruments.
- the fur is elongated beyond the edge of the hollow body and has an arrow-shaped extension at the end, which can be inserted into a support ring running around the hollow body and thereby displaceable and fixable in the longitudinal direction of the outer wall of the hollow body via the ring body assigned to the support ring is.
- the support ring similar to the U-shaped support edge, to both sides, so that a corresponding ring body or tubular body can also be arranged and fixed in such a way that the fur, which is pulled down accordingly, is also in tension here brought and held.
- the corresponding fur no longer receives the usual fur fixing ring at the end, but instead the corresponding fur has an arrow-shaped extension on the end, which can be inserted accordingly into the support ring, where it is then evenly loaded via the ring body or two ring bodies and is excited. It is advantageous that the action of the uniform adjusting ring body acts directly on the skin, that is to say without any intermediate elements being interposed.
- a further similar embodiment provides that the fur merges into or is fixed to a circumferential fur fixing ring which is connected to the support ring by means of a tubular tension element comprising the hollow body with an arrow-shaped attachment at the end and is designed to be tensionable and relievable via the tube body.
- work is therefore carried out with the fur fixing ring known per se, which is connected as such via the tension member to the ring body, which acts on the fur fixing ring and thus on the fur via the support ring.
- the advantage is that the existing technology is largely 7 can be gripped, so there are no significant changes, particularly in the manufacture of the fur.
- hose body which is designed to be variable in circumference
- hose body which is designed to be variable in circumference
- two tube bodies which can be used both in the continuous skin and in the training in which the skin fixing ring and the tension body are interposed.
- the support ring used is fixed according to the prior art on the outer wall of the hollow body.
- the hollow body is usually drilled through, so that there are screw heads or similar components on the inside of the hollow body.
- the support ring has receptacles for the arrow-shaped projections of the tension member on both sides or appropriately differently fixed hollow bodies are positioned on both sides, it is advantageously not necessary to fix the support ring if, as provided according to the invention, the support ring is only punctiform, preferably via a frame holder or not at all connected to the outer wall of the hollow body, rather the skin and the resonance skin are simultaneously designed to be exciting.
- the rack bracket is necessary anyway.
- the wall of the hollow body is drilled through in order to be able to effectively fix the frame holder to the frame. Therefore, this frame holder is ideal for fixing the support ring at least at certain points, so that it cannot slide back and forth during assembly, but its position is fixed in principle. If, however, the arrow-shaped lugs are then inserted into the receptacles and the respective hose bodies are "inflated", there is in principle no need to fix the support ring, so that the connection to the frame holder merely acts as an assembly aid.
- the invention is characterized in particular by the fact that a percussion instrument, in particular a drum, is created which has a freely oscillating or optimally oscillating skin or just two skins which can thus be optimally loaded by the drummer. It is also particularly advantageous that the tension on the fur is also easily by the drummer himself during the 8th
- Play can be changed without having to interrupt his game. It strains or inflates the tube body to a greater or lesser extent, thereby applying higher tension forces to the skin or lower tension forces, so that the player is given the opportunity to make optimal use of his instrument.
- Another advantage is that such a tensioning unit can also be used to optimize existing percussion instruments, because essentially the filling of the support ring is replaced by the tube body and a corresponding fixation of the impact ring as an abutment is necessary in order to implement the advantageous invention. This means that existing percussion instruments do not need to be set aside, but rather can be incorporated into the technology according to the invention, which thus brings considerable advantages for the drummer or player.
- FIG. 4 shows a drum with a flexible ring as a hollow body edge in section and partly in perspective
- Fig. 5 is a drum in an overall view with double arranged
- Fig. 6 shows another embodiment of an automatic tensioner
- Fig. 7 is a similar to the training of Fig. 1 automatic tensioner in section. 9
- the percussion instrument shown in FIG. 1 is a drum 1, the hollow body 2 is of annular design.
- the skin 3 is located on the upper edge 7 of the hollow body, and the so-called resonance skin 4 is located on the lower edge, although this is not shown here but only in FIG. 5.
- Both skins 3, 4 are loaded via a tensioning device or automatic tensioning device 5, which is of identical design on both sides of the hollow body 2 and is arranged on the outer wall 6 of the hollow body 2.
- the skin 3 is drawn over the hollow body edge 7 according to FIG. 1 or lies loosely on this hollow body edge 7.
- the edge 8 of the skin 3 and also the edge of the resonance head 4 are formed by a skin fixing ring 9, which offers the possibility of appropriately attaching a corresponding tensioning device 5.
- the connection between fur 3 and fur fixing ring 9 preferably corresponds to that of the prior art.
- the fur fixing ring 9 has a special design in that a support rim 14 made of aluminum or similar material is used, which has a filling 15 in the form of a tubular body 10.
- This hose body 10 is designed as an all-round closed ring body 13.
- the tubular body 10 or ring body 13 is equipped with a wall 11 which can be the same all around or, as explained further below, can also be of different thickness.
- the tubular body 10 or ring body 13 fixes the edge 8 of the skin 3 in the U-shaped support edge 14, this support edge being arranged and designed such that it can be moved up and down on the outer wall 6 of the hollow body 2. It is possible, as also shown in FIG. 2, to effectively fix the tubular body 10 and the edge 8 of the skin 3 only by applying the corresponding pressure in the U-shaped support edge 14. However, it is also conceivable that tube body 10 and edge 8 of the skin or resonance skin 3, 4 form a structural unit. 10
- the hose body 10 or ring body 13 is connected to a compressed air reservoir or compressed air generator, not shown here.
- the valve assigned to the compressed air reservoir or compressed air generator or the connecting hose can be opened or closed.
- the tubular body 10 inflates, whereby it is supported on the U-shaped support edge 14 and on the knock ring 20.
- the impact ring 20 with its ring edge 19 flanged here is fixed on the outer wall 6 of the hollow body 2 via the arrester 21 in such a way that it serves as an abutment for the tubular body 10 or ring body 13 as described.
- the upper free wall 22 of the hose body 10 is more flexible than the other wall 23. This greater flexibility can be achieved, for example, by making the wall 22 thinner.
- the lock 21 is connected to a clamp holder 34, which in turn is fixed on the outer wall 6 via the retaining screw 37.
- a clamp holder 34 which in turn is fixed on the outer wall 6 via the retaining screw 37.
- Other fastening options are of course conceivable, and the complex design of the clamp holder 34 can also be dispensed with, because the arrester 21 does not necessarily have to be designed as a screw.
- the arrester 21 fixes the knock ring 20 via an upper ring plate 17 and a lower ring plate 18, in order to facilitate assembly.
- the bottom of the brass knuckle 20 can be designed as a spoke plate 24, as indicated in FIG. 3.
- This spoke plate 24 enables the tubular body 10 to initially expand upwards to a limited extent, the spoke plate 24 yielding to a limited extent.
- This spoke plate 24 then bulges and thus gives or leaves a certain round body shape for the tubular body 10 when it then exerts the corresponding forces on the edge 8 of the skin 3.
- Figure 4 differs with respect to the upper edge 7 of the hollow body in that it is not designed to be correspondingly pointed, but rather a flexible ring 11
- This flex ring 25 picks up, which, for example, merges into an outer wall support 38, so as to enable optimal fixing and fixing of the flex ring 25.
- This flex ring 25 picks up the skin 3 running over it and thus allows particularly favorable sound variants or the generation of corresponding sounds.
- a uniform load or tension acts on the skin fixing ring 9 if it is not itself designed as a tubular body, but rather as a fixed ring which, as it were, rests on the upper edge 7 of the hollow body.
- an expedient design is shown insofar as both the skin 3 and the resonance skin 4 are fixed uniformly in the same support ring 27.
- the support ring 27 has, in addition to the receptacle 28 on the opposite side 36, a receptacle 28 ' which the corresponding arrow-shaped approach 31 can be introduced. It can also be seen that both flanks 32, 33 of the respective arrow-shaped projections 26, 31 are loaded via corresponding hose bodies 10, 10 '.
- the arrow-shaped projections 26, 31 are more or less drawn into the receptacle 28, 28 'in the longitudinal direction 29 of the outer wall 6 and then fixed or loosened again. It is conceivable to provide the skin 3 itself with such arrow-shaped projections 26, 31, or, as shown here, a tensile member 30 is interposed, which is provided with the corresponding projections 26, 31.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 show further designs, although an arrow-shaped attachment is used according to FIG. 6, but in the form of a pointed attachment 39, which is loaded only by a single tube body 10 or is drawn into the corresponding receptacle 28 ".
- the impact ring 20 influences the skin fixing ring 9 due to the tensile forces of the tube body 10, so that the skin 3 is also tensioned uniformly.
- FIG. 6 shows that the skin fixing ring 9 is here in turn equipped with a U-shaped support edge with an inserted tube body 10, so that a double clamping action can be applied here if this is necessary or desired.
- Figure 7 shows a particularly simple and practical shape, particularly suitable for hand drums, in which an all-round holding ring 40 serves as an abutment for the correspondingly designed fur fixing ring 9, the fur fixing ring 9 here either having a simple tubular body 10 as the edge 8 or else shape described above with the support edge 14, which receives the ring body or tube body 13, 10 and either forms a unit with the edge 8 of the skin 3 or fixes it accordingly.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19802803 | 1998-01-27 | ||
DE19802803 | 1998-01-27 | ||
DE19901636 | 1999-01-19 | ||
DE19901636A DE19901636A1 (en) | 1998-01-27 | 1999-01-19 | Percussion instrument, especially a drum |
PCT/DE1999/000190 WO1999038150A1 (en) | 1998-01-27 | 1999-01-26 | Tuning device for a drum |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1053540A1 true EP1053540A1 (en) | 2000-11-22 |
Family
ID=26043344
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99907280A Withdrawn EP1053540A1 (en) | 1998-01-27 | 1999-01-26 | Tuning device for a drum |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6407322B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1053540A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2711699A (en) |
DE (1) | DE19980098D2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999038150A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7291776B2 (en) * | 2003-12-08 | 2007-11-06 | Dunnett Ronn J | Adjustable venturi for a drum |
US7777112B2 (en) * | 2007-09-10 | 2010-08-17 | O'connor Thomas | Method and apparatus for tuning a musical drum |
DE102012005898A1 (en) | 2012-03-16 | 2013-09-19 | Sascha Biwersi | Apparatus for compressing and decompressing a membrane of e.g. marching drum, has compression ring arranged between bearings for introducing biasing force into membrane such that membrane is contacted in planar, open side of drum shell |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE109902C (en) * | 1899-09-16 | 1900-04-20 | Isaac Hudson Sapp | DEVICE FOR TENSIONING SKINS ON DRUMS, BANJO'S AND OTHER MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS |
US3541913A (en) * | 1968-07-24 | 1970-11-24 | Frank J Severino | Drum with quick changeable batter heads |
US4416181A (en) * | 1981-04-03 | 1983-11-22 | Remo, Inc. | Pretuned head for drum or the like |
US4754683A (en) | 1984-01-19 | 1988-07-05 | Remo, Inc. | High tension drumhead |
US5377576A (en) | 1993-08-20 | 1995-01-03 | Drum Workshop, Inc. | Drum construction having wood and metal wall sections |
US5375500A (en) * | 1993-10-27 | 1994-12-27 | Halpin; Alfred J. | Tunable drum |
US5404785A (en) * | 1993-11-08 | 1995-04-11 | Remo, Inc. | Musical drum with molded bearing edge |
FR2718877B1 (en) * | 1994-04-13 | 1996-06-28 | Raphael Martin | Hydraulic device for tensioning a membrane applied to a support. |
US5517890A (en) * | 1994-04-14 | 1996-05-21 | Cooperman Fife & Drum Co., Inc. | Tunable drum |
US5392681A (en) | 1994-06-22 | 1995-02-28 | Airheads | Drum tuning device |
IT1272883B (en) * | 1995-01-10 | 1997-07-01 | Tullio Granatello | DRUM WITH MEMBRANE SUPPORT RINGS |
US6166311A (en) * | 1998-07-08 | 2000-12-26 | Barrickman; Rick | Drum hoop with protective edge |
US6069307A (en) * | 1999-01-25 | 2000-05-30 | Rtom Corporation | Inflatable musical drum |
-
1999
- 1999-01-26 US US09/600,817 patent/US6407322B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-01-26 DE DE19980098T patent/DE19980098D2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-01-26 WO PCT/DE1999/000190 patent/WO1999038150A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-01-26 AU AU27116/99A patent/AU2711699A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-01-26 EP EP99907280A patent/EP1053540A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9938150A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2711699A (en) | 1999-08-09 |
WO1999038150A1 (en) | 1999-07-29 |
US6407322B1 (en) | 2002-06-18 |
DE19980098D2 (en) | 2001-01-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE69204178T2 (en) | Device for attaching the tongue blade to the mouthpiece of a wind instrument. | |
DE10080077B4 (en) | Tensioner for frame drum single skin, has membrane fixture on resonance body and involves membrane | |
EP0612055B1 (en) | Device for cleaning the inside of windinstruments | |
DE102014009336B3 (en) | Vocal and vocal tool kit and method for mounting the vocal in a string instrument | |
DE202008005880U1 (en) | Stand for a drum and related drum | |
DE69832074T2 (en) | DRUM HEAD | |
EP1053540A1 (en) | Tuning device for a drum | |
DE4302134B4 (en) | Membranophon | |
DE1967025U (en) | BATTERY DRUM INSTRUMENT ON THE FIN SIDE. | |
DE4344698A1 (en) | Retaining clip for drums | |
WO2005091271A1 (en) | Head muting device for percussion instruments, in particular for drums and/or bass drums | |
DE19901636A1 (en) | Percussion instrument, especially a drum | |
DE4101495A1 (en) | Drum with arrangement to adjust drum skin tension - has stand with concave support surface to facilitate adjustment | |
DE3339397A1 (en) | Support and/or holding device for percussion musical instruments | |
DE19616419C2 (en) | drum | |
AT354832B (en) | STRIKE INSTRUMENT | |
EP1716559A1 (en) | Percussion instrument, particularly a drum or a kettle drum | |
DE202018106186U1 (en) | Cajón with a snare device | |
DE4436039C2 (en) | Stand for a drum | |
DE4321745A1 (en) | Drum rim and drum | |
DE29610346U1 (en) | Bongo | |
DE29613409U1 (en) | Percussion instrument | |
DE202007009761U1 (en) | percussion instrument | |
DE20309387U1 (en) | Mute for drum, comprises absorber body on elastic band secured to inside of drum | |
EP4004904A1 (en) | Drum |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20000720 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20010816 |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20020801 |