EP1047084A2 - High frequency coaxial cable - Google Patents

High frequency coaxial cable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1047084A2
EP1047084A2 EP00106427A EP00106427A EP1047084A2 EP 1047084 A2 EP1047084 A2 EP 1047084A2 EP 00106427 A EP00106427 A EP 00106427A EP 00106427 A EP00106427 A EP 00106427A EP 1047084 A2 EP1047084 A2 EP 1047084A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
cable according
following
fluoropolymer
electrical shield
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EP00106427A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1047084A3 (en
EP1047084B1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Dlugas
Henning Hansen
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HEW Kabel CDT GmbH and Co KG
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Eilentropp KG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/18—Coaxial cables; Analogous cables having more than one inner conductor within a common outer conductor
    • H01B11/1834—Construction of the insulation between the conductors
    • H01B11/1839—Construction of the insulation between the conductors of cellular structure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a coaxial radio frequency cable with a central conductor surrounding multilayer insulation made of polymeric materials and with an electrical shield enclosing the insulation, which is covered by a outer covering is covered.
  • Cables of the generic type are well known, they can be found in the High-frequency technology for the transmission of analog and digital signals in general Application.
  • a known coaxial high-frequency cable (US 5,817,981)
  • the insulation surrounding the central conductor consists of two layers, which are: differ in the dielectric constant. So the dielectric constant is the second layer larger than that of the first layer, wherein the first layer by a Polyethylene and the second layer is formed by a polyimide.
  • the object of the invention is therefore based on finding a way, despite the required minor exterior Dimensions further increase the transmission properties of such micro-coaxial cables improve, especially the capacity of the transmission path to a minimum to reduce.
  • the individual Layers in the insulation consist of fluoropolymers, with at least one of the central conductor enclosing the first layer from a melt processable fluoropolymer and an outer second layer made of one of the Melt non-processable fluoropolymer, the second layer being porous and with the surrounding shield is non-positively connected by use of two or more fluoropolymer insulation layers for the dielectric of the cable according to the invention it is possible to change the dielectric constant of the insulation adapt to the respective requirements, especially low constants set without resorting to foamed insulation as a whole.
  • the outer dimensions of the cable are extremely small.
  • extrudable fluoropolymers are e.g. the Tetrafluoroethylene (hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), the tetrafluoroethylene ⁇ Perfluoroalkylvenyl ether copolymer (TFA / PFA) or one under the trade name HYFLON MFA distributed fluoropolymer.
  • FEP hexafluoropropylene copolymer
  • TFA / PFA Perfluoroalkylvenyl ether copolymer
  • HYFLON MFA distributed fluoropolymer e.g. the Tetrafluoroethylene (hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), the tetrafluoroethylene ⁇ Perfluoroalkylvenyl ether copolymer (TFA / PFA) or one under the trade name HYFLON MFA distributed fluoropolymer.
  • This first layer can be compact trained but also foamed.
  • the second insulating layer adjoining the first is porous, also known as a microporous structure (EP 0489 752 B1).
  • the wall thickness of this layer is approximately between 0.8 and 0.2, preferably between 0.4 and 0.3 mm. It is advantageous if the dielectric constant of the first layer is greater than that of the second layer.
  • tapes made of polytetrafluoroethylene are preferably used, such a tape is stretched and sintered in order to ensure the porous character of the tape. It depends on the microporosity of the strip material. To ensure this, the tape, made from a so-called.
  • a stretching process with a stretching rate of up to 2000%, preferably between 300 and 1000%. The stretching usually takes place in the direction of the belt, but it can also be carried out transversely to it, for example if the porosity of the belt or film is to be increased.
  • the mechanical strength of the strip or film material is increased by a sintering process which takes place simultaneously with the stretching process or also after the stretching process.
  • the thickness of the stretched and advantageously also sintered band or corresponding film is then 15 to 250 microns, preferably 30 to 100 ⁇ m.
  • At least the outermost band layer with the surface of the electrical shield is non-positively connected.
  • an applied to the tape winding such as sprayed on, hot melt adhesive for the frictional connection between a conductive plastic or metal foil, or in a continuation of the invention in that an adhesive-coated metal foil is used as the electrical shield.
  • the frictional connection between the porous outermost layer of the Insulation and the conductive shielding are usually done during extrusion the outer jacket of the cable due to its heat content. This is especially true when, as also provided according to the invention, the outer jacket from a Fluoropolymer with a correspondingly high melting / extrusion temperature of e.g. B. 350 ° C exists. Such temperatures in the outer area of the cable lead to Melt the adhesive layer between porous insulation and electrical Shielding, the adhesive then penetrates the pores e.g. B. at least the top one Location of a wrapping made of stretched film, which is the second layer of the Cable insulation is used.
  • Coaxial cable is the mechanically strong all-over connection between z. B. one Metal foil and the outermost porous insulating layer of the cable.
  • the shielding of the cable is advantageously formed in two layers.
  • Above the described adhesive-coated metal foil or a metallized Plastic film is an outer layer in the form of a metal wire layer or one Braid provided from individual metal wires.
  • the Outer jacket based on fluoropolymers or halogen-free, flame-retardant or flame-retardant, anti-corrosive polymer materials, e.g. Polyolefins, elastomers or thermoplastic rubber.
  • the two-layer shielding has the advantage an improved shielding effect combined with high flexibility of the cable.
  • a solid copper wire is provided as the central conductor 1, advantageously tin-plated or silver-plated. Instead of a solid copper wire you can of course also use a strand made of bare or tinned copper wires. in the The present exemplary embodiment is the diameter of the central conductor about 0.254 mm.
  • the central conductor 1 is enclosed by the inner or first Layer 2, here from a melt processable i.e. extruded Fluoropolymer, e.g. from a tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP).
  • This first insulating layer has, for example, a wall thickness of 0.225 mm, it is of compact design in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the broad structure of the cable shows the second and thus outer insulating layer 3 consists of a winding with a thickness of e.g. 0.3 mm from several layers one made by paste extrusion and then rolling Polytetrafluoroethylene tape that is stretched after being rolled out and one Has been subjected to heat treatment for the purpose of sintering.
  • the stretching process created pores in the tape serve as in the winding Air chambers to reduce dielectric constants and improve the electrical transmission properties that are in the outermost position of the Tape pore open pores are used to anchor the entire surface aluminum foil coated with polyester or another adhesive 4.
  • this is a layer / Braid made of tinned copper wires.
  • the coaxial cable is approximately 2.00 mm, i.e. on Coaxial cable with extremely small external dimensions.
  • the cable is highly flexible with high mechanical strength and durability of the transmission properties even with changing temperature loads.
  • the cable according to the invention is characterized in particular by a low tolerance of the Wave resistance and a low operating capacity. For example, on 75 ohm cable according to the invention has an operating capacity of ⁇ 60 nF / km.
  • the Attenuation is e.g. at 1 MHz at 2.3 dB / 100m, at 100 MHz at 27.7 dB / 100m and at 500 MHz at 67.9 dB / 100m.

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  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

Abstract

The coaxial high-frequency cable comprises a central conductor (1) and a multilayered fluoropolymer insulation unit, with at least one first layer (2) consisting of a fluoropolymer extrudable from molten state and an outer second layer (3) consisting of fluoropolymer not extrudable from molten state. This second layer is porous and is force-bonded to the screening layer (4).

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein koaxiales Hochfrequenzkabel mit einer den zentralen Leiter umgebenden mehrschichtigen Isolierung aus polymeren Werkstoffen und mit einer die Isolierung umschließenden elektrischen Abschirmung, die von einer äußeren Umhüllung überdeckt ist.The present invention relates to a coaxial radio frequency cable with a central conductor surrounding multilayer insulation made of polymeric materials and with an electrical shield enclosing the insulation, which is covered by a outer covering is covered.

Kabel der gattungsgemäßen Art sind hinlänglich bekannt, sie finden in der Hochfrequenz-Technik zur Übertragung analoger und digitaler Signale allgemeine Anwendung. Bei einem bekannten koaxialen Hochfrequenzkabel (US 5,817,981) besteht die den zentralen Leiter umgebende Isolierung aus zwei Schichten, die sich in der Dielektrizitätskonstanten unterscheiden. So ist die Dielektrizitätskonstante der zweiten Schicht größer als die der ersten Schicht, wobei die erste Schicht durch ein Polyethylen und die zweite Schicht durch ein Polyimid gebildet wird.Cables of the generic type are well known, they can be found in the High-frequency technology for the transmission of analog and digital signals in general Application. In a known coaxial high-frequency cable (US 5,817,981) The insulation surrounding the central conductor consists of two layers, which are: differ in the dielectric constant. So the dielectric constant is the second layer larger than that of the first layer, wherein the first layer by a Polyethylene and the second layer is formed by a polyimide.

Mit zunehmender Miniaturisierung der technischen Einrichtungen jedoch werden an die benötigten Kabel immer höhere Anforderungen gestellt, die mit den bekannten Lösungen nicht mehr zu erfüllen sind So erfordert die moderne Übertragungstechnik z.B. Verbindungsleitungen extrem geringer äußerer Abmessungen bei geringem Gewicht, aber ausgezeichneten elektrischen Übertragungseigenschaften. Diese Übertragungseigenschaften müssen darüber hinaus von äußeren Umwelteinflüssen weitgehend unabhängig sein.
Um hier weiterzukommen wurde bereits vorgeschlagen (EP 0428 622 B1), die Isolierung eines koaxialen Hochfrequenzkabels aus Polytetrafluorethylen dadurch herzustellen, daß eine Anzahl von Litzen aus porösem expandiertem Polytetrafluorethylen über dem zentralen Leiter zu einer einheitlichen Isolierung kalibriert werden. Abgesehen von dem technisch aufwendigen Herstellungsverfahren stößt die weitere Miniaturisierung bis hin zu den sog. Micro-Koaxialkabeln mit einem Gesamtaußendurchmesser von weniger als 2 mm auf erhebliche Schwierigkeiten. With increasing miniaturization of the technical facilities, however, the required cables are subject to ever higher demands that can no longer be met with the known solutions. Modern transmission technology, for example, requires connecting lines of extremely small external dimensions with low weight but excellent electrical transmission properties. These transmission properties must also be largely independent of external environmental influences.
To get further here, it has already been proposed (EP 0428 622 B1) to produce the insulation of a coaxial high-frequency cable made of polytetrafluoroethylene by calibrating a number of strands of porous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene over the central conductor to form a uniform insulation. Apart from the technically complex manufacturing process, further miniaturization up to the so-called micro-coaxial cables with a total outer diameter of less than 2 mm encounter considerable difficulties.

Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik liegt daher der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Möglichkeit zu finden, trotz der geforderten geringen äußeren Abmessungen die Übertragungseigenschaften solcher Micro-Koaxialkabel weiter zu verbessern, insbesondere die Kapazität des Übertragungsweges auf ein Minimum zu reduzieren.Starting from this prior art, the object of the invention is therefore based on finding a way, despite the required minor exterior Dimensions further increase the transmission properties of such micro-coaxial cables improve, especially the capacity of the transmission path to a minimum to reduce.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe gemäß der Erfindung dadurch, daß die einzelnen Schichten in der Isolierung aus Fluorpolymeren bestehen, mit mindestens einer den zentralen Leiter umschließenden ersten Schicht aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer und einer äußeren zweiten Schicht aus einem aus der Schmelze nicht verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer, wobei die zweite Schicht porös und mit der umgebenden Abschirmung kraftschlüssig verbunden ist Durch die Verwendung von zwei oder mehreren Fluorpolymer - Isolationsschichten für das Dielektrikum des erfindungsgemäßen Kabels ist es möglich, die Dielektrizitätskonstante der Isolierung den jeweiligen Anforderungen anzupassen, insbesondere niedrige Konstanten einzustellen, ohne auf eine geschäumte Isolierung insgesamt zurückzugreifen. Die äußeren Abmessungen des Kabels sind dabei extrem gering.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the individual Layers in the insulation consist of fluoropolymers, with at least one of the central conductor enclosing the first layer from a melt processable fluoropolymer and an outer second layer made of one of the Melt non-processable fluoropolymer, the second layer being porous and with the surrounding shield is non-positively connected by use of two or more fluoropolymer insulation layers for the dielectric of the cable according to the invention it is possible to change the dielectric constant of the insulation adapt to the respective requirements, especially low constants set without resorting to foamed insulation as a whole. The outer dimensions of the cable are extremely small.

Aus der Schmelze värarbeitbare, d.h. extrudierbare, Fluarpolymere sind z.B. das Tetrafluorethylen(Hexafluorpropylen-Copolymer (FEP), das Tetrafluorethylen― Perfluoralkylvenylether-Copolymerisat (TFA/PFA) oder ein unter dem Handelsnamen HYFLON MFA vertriebenes Fluorpolymer. Diese erste Schicht kann kompakt ausgebildet, aber auch geschäumt sein. Die Wanddicken dieser ersten Schicht belaufen sich zweckmäßig zwischen 0,8 und 0,1 mm, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,3 und 0,2 mm je nach Verwendungszweck des erfindungsgemäßen Kabels.Processable from the melt, i.e. extrudable fluoropolymers are e.g. the Tetrafluoroethylene (hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), the tetrafluoroethylene― Perfluoroalkylvenyl ether copolymer (TFA / PFA) or one under the trade name HYFLON MFA distributed fluoropolymer. This first layer can be compact trained but also foamed. The wall thicknesses of this first layer expediently between 0.8 and 0.1 mm, preferably between 0.3 and 0.2 mm depending on the intended use of the cable according to the invention.

Die an die erste anschließende zweite Isolierschicht ist porös ausgebildet, auch als mikroporöse Struktur bekannt (EP 0489 752 B1). Oie Wanddicke dieser Schicht liegt etwa zwischen 0,8 und 0,2 vorzugsweise zwischen 0,4 und 0,3 mm. Vorteilhaft ist es dabei, wenn die Dielektrizitätskonstante der ersten Schicht größer als die der zweiten Schicht ist. Ebenso kann es zur Kompaktierung der Isolierung sowie zur weiteren Erhöhung der Flexibilität des Kabels bei mindestens gleichbleibenden elektrischen Eigenschaften zweckmäßig sein, die beiden Schichten mit einander zu verkleben.
Besondere Vorteile ergeben sich, wenn nach der Erfindung bei einer zweischichtigen Isolierung die den zentralen Leiter umschließende erste Schicht aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer und die äußere poröse zweite Schicht aus einem aus der Schmelze nicht verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer besteht. Diese Materialkombination in Verbindung mit der kraftschlüssig mit der porösen Schicht verbundenen Abschirmung führt zu einem kapazitätsarmen Micro-Koaxialkabel mit geringer Toleranz des Wellenwiderstandes, zu einer niedrigen Leitungsdämpfung und zu geringen Koppltungswiderständen in diesem Übertragungsmittel.
Weitere Verbesserungen des erfindungsgemäßen Kabels ergeben sich dann, wenn die äußerste poröse Schicht bzw. bei einem zweischichtigen Aufbau der Isolierung, die äußere Schicht aus einer ein- oder mehrlagigen Bewicklung aus einem porösen Band besteht Der Begriff

Figure 00030001
Band" schließt im Rahmen der hier beschriebenen Erfindung selbstverständlich auch den Begriff Folie" ein. Solche Bänder oder Folien sind z.B. poröse, ggf. auch geschäumte Folien auf Polyesterbasis.
Bevorzugt eingesetzt werden jedoch Bänder (Folien) aus Polytetrafluorethylen, ein solches Band ist gereckt und gesintert, um den porösen Charakter des Bandes zu gewährleisten. Dabei kommt es auf die Mikroporosität des Bandmaterials an. Um die sicherzustellen, wird man das Band, hergestellt aus einem durch sog.
Pastenextrusion und anschließendes Walzen verarbeitetes Polytetrafluorethylen oder eines mit höchstens 2 Gew.-% Fluormonomeren modifizierten Polytetrafluorethylens, einem Reckvorgang mit einer Reckrate bis zu 2000 %, vorzugsweise zwischen 300 und 1000 %, unterwerfen. Die Reckung erfolgt in der Regel in Bandrichtung, sie kann aber auch quer dazu vorgenommen werden, z.B. dann, wenn die Porosität des Bandes oder der Folie erhöht werden soll. Durch einen gleichzeitig mit dem Reckvorgang erfolgenden oder auch dem Reckvorgang nachgeschalteten Sintervorgang wird die mechanische Festigkeit des Band- oder Folienmaterials erhöht.The second insulating layer adjoining the first is porous, also known as a microporous structure (EP 0489 752 B1). The wall thickness of this layer is approximately between 0.8 and 0.2, preferably between 0.4 and 0.3 mm. It is advantageous if the dielectric constant of the first layer is greater than that of the second layer. Likewise, in order to compact the insulation and to further increase the flexibility of the cable with at least the same electrical properties, it may be expedient to glue the two layers together.
Particular advantages result if, according to the invention, in the case of a two-layer insulation, the first layer surrounding the central conductor consists of a fluoropolymer that can be processed from the melt and the outer porous second layer consists of a fluoropolymer that cannot be processed from the melt. This combination of materials in connection with the non-positively connected shield to the porous layer leads to a low-capacity micro-coaxial cable with low tolerance of the wave resistance, to a low line loss and to low coupling resistances in this transmission medium.
Further improvements of the cable according to the invention result when the outermost porous layer or, in the case of a two-layer structure of the insulation, the outer layer consists of a single or multi-layer winding made of a porous band
Figure 00030001
Volume "of course also includes the term in the context of the invention described here Such tapes or foils are, for example, porous, possibly also foamed, polyester-based foils.
However, tapes (foils) made of polytetrafluoroethylene are preferably used, such a tape is stretched and sintered in order to ensure the porous character of the tape. It depends on the microporosity of the strip material. To ensure this, the tape, made from a so-called.
Paste extrusion and subsequent rolling of processed polytetrafluoroethylene or a polytetrafluoroethylene modified with at most 2% by weight of fluoromonomers, a stretching process with a stretching rate of up to 2000%, preferably between 300 and 1000%. The stretching usually takes place in the direction of the belt, but it can also be carried out transversely to it, for example if the porosity of the belt or film is to be increased. The mechanical strength of the strip or film material is increased by a sintering process which takes place simultaneously with the stretching process or also after the stretching process.

Die Dicke des gereckten und vorteilhaft auch gesinterten Bandes oder der entsprechenden Folie beträgt dann 15 bis 250 µm, vorzugsweise 30 bis 100 µm.The thickness of the stretched and advantageously also sintered band or corresponding film is then 15 to 250 microns, preferably 30 to 100 µm.

Im Falle einer Bewicklung kommt es für die Zwecke der Erfindung darauf an, daß mindestens deren äußerste Bandlage mit der ihr zugekehrten Oberfläche der elektrischen Abschirmung kraftschlüssig verbunden ist. Dies kann zum Beispiel erreicht werden durch Verwendung eines auf die Bandbewicklung aufgebrachten, etwa aufgesprühten, Heißschmelzklebers zur kraftschlüssigen Verbindung zwischen einer leitfähigen Kunststoff- oder Metallfolie, oder in Weiterführung der Erfindung dadurch, daß als elektrische Abschirmung eine kleberbeschichtete Metallfolie dient. In the case of wrapping it is important for the purposes of the invention that at least the outermost band layer with the surface of the electrical shield is non-positively connected. For example can be achieved by using an applied to the tape winding, such as sprayed on, hot melt adhesive for the frictional connection between a conductive plastic or metal foil, or in a continuation of the invention in that an adhesive-coated metal foil is used as the electrical shield.

Als vorteilhaft hat sich in diesem Zusammenhang eine mit Polyester beschichtete Aluminiumfolie erwiesen.In this context, a polyester-coated one has proven advantageous Proven aluminum foil.

Die kraftschlüssige Verbindung zwischen der porösen äußersten Schicht der Isolierung und der leitfähigen Abschirmung erfolgt in der Regel beim Aufextrudieren der Außenmantel des Kabels durch dessen Wärmeinhalt. Das gilt insbesondere dann, wenn, wie nach der Erfindung auch vorgesehen, der Außenmantel aus einem Fluorpolymer mit entsprechend hoher Schmelz-/Extrusionstemperatur von z. B. 350 °C besteht. Solche Temperaturen im Außenbereich des Kabels führen zu einem Aufschmelzen der Kleberschicht zwischen poröser Isolierung und elektrischer Abschirmung, der Kleber durchsetzt dann die Poren z. B. mindestens der obersten Lage einer Bewicklung aus einer gereckten Folie, die als zweite Schicht der Kabelisolierung dient. Mit der Abkühlung des Außenmantels und des hierbei auftretenden Schrumpfeffektes, insbesondere bei Fluorpolymeren, ist die Abschirmung durch eine Vielzahl von Haftpunkten auf der Kabelisolierung fest verankert. Diese Verankerung ist dauerhaft, das gilt auch für hohe Temperaturschwankungen bzw. entsprechende Betriebstemperaturen, sowie unter mechanischer Belastung. Ein Knittern oder Aufwellen etwa einer dünnen Aluminiumfolie, was, zwangsläufig zu einer Verschlechterung der elektrischen Übertragungseigenschaften führen würde, ist so ausgeschlossen. Das gilt auch für die sog. Micro-Koaxialkabel zur Übertragung analoger und digitaler Signale mit entsprechend geringen äußeren AbmessungenThe frictional connection between the porous outermost layer of the Insulation and the conductive shielding are usually done during extrusion the outer jacket of the cable due to its heat content. This is especially true when, as also provided according to the invention, the outer jacket from a Fluoropolymer with a correspondingly high melting / extrusion temperature of e.g. B. 350 ° C exists. Such temperatures in the outer area of the cable lead to Melt the adhesive layer between porous insulation and electrical Shielding, the adhesive then penetrates the pores e.g. B. at least the top one Location of a wrapping made of stretched film, which is the second layer of the Cable insulation is used. With the cooling of the outer jacket and this occurring shrinkage effect, especially in fluoropolymers, is Shielded by a variety of adhesive points on the cable insulation anchored. This anchoring is permanent, this also applies to high ones Temperature fluctuations or corresponding operating temperatures, as well as below mechanical load. A wrinkling or swelling like a thin one Aluminum foil, which, inevitably, deterioration in electrical Transmission properties would be excluded. This also applies to the so-called micro-coaxial cable for the transmission of analog and digital signals correspondingly small external dimensions

Reicht der Wärmeinhalt des extrudierten Außenmantels für eine sichere Verbindung zwischen poröser Isolierung und Abschirmung nicht aus, etwa wegen der zu geringen extrudierten Masse pro Längeneinheit oder der als Außenmantel verwendeten Polymermaterialien mit geringerer Schmelz- / Extrusionstemperatur, dann empfiehlt sich eine zusätzliche Wärmebehandlung im Anschluß an das Aufbringen der elektrischen Abschirmung. Denn ein wesentliches Merkmal der erfindungsgemäßen Koaxialkabel ist der mechanisch feste allflächige Verbund zwischen z. B. einer Metallfolie und der äußersten porösen Isolierschicht des Kabels.The heat content of the extruded outer jacket is sufficient for a secure connection between porous insulation and shielding, for example because of the insufficient extruded mass per unit length or used as the outer jacket Polymer materials with a lower melting / extrusion temperature, then recommended an additional heat treatment after the application of the electrical shielding. Because an essential feature of the invention Coaxial cable is the mechanically strong all-over connection between z. B. one Metal foil and the outermost porous insulating layer of the cable.

Die Abschirmung des Kabels ist mit Vorteil zweischichtig ausgebildet. Oberhalb der beschriebenen kleberbeschichteten Metallfolie oder auch einer metallisierten Kunststoff- Folie ist eine äußere Schicht in Form einer Metalldrahtlage oder eines Geflechtes aus einzelnen Metalldrähten vorgesehen. Darüber befindet sich dann der Außenmantel auf Basis Fluorpolymere oder halogenfreier, flammwidriger bzw. flammwidriger, antikorrosiver Polymermaterialien, wie z.B. Polyolefine, Elastomere oder thermoplastischer Kautschuk. Die zweischichtige Abschirmung hat den Vorteil einer verbesserten Schirmwirkung bei gleichzeitiger hoher Flexibilität des Kabels.The shielding of the cable is advantageously formed in two layers. Above the described adhesive-coated metal foil or a metallized Plastic film is an outer layer in the form of a metal wire layer or one Braid provided from individual metal wires. Then there is the Outer jacket based on fluoropolymers or halogen-free, flame-retardant or flame-retardant, anti-corrosive polymer materials, e.g. Polyolefins, elastomers or thermoplastic rubber. The two-layer shielding has the advantage an improved shielding effect combined with high flexibility of the cable.

Die Erfindung sei an Hand des in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels eines miniaturisierten koaxialen Hochfrequenzkabels mit einer zweischichtigen Isolierung näher erläutert.

  • Die Figur 1 zeigt ein Beispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Kabels im Querschnitt, die Figur 2 das gleiche Kabel im Längsschnitt.
    • The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the exemplary embodiment of a miniaturized coaxial high-frequency cable with a two-layer insulation shown in FIGS.
  • Figure 1 shows an example of the cable according to the invention in cross section, Figure 2 shows the same cable in longitudinal section.

    • Als zentraler Leiter 1 ist ein massiver Kupferdraht vorgesehen, vorteilhaft verzinnt oder versilbert. Statt eines massiven Kupferdrahtes kann man selbstverständlich auch eine Litze aus blanken oder verzinnten Kupferdrähten einsetzen. Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel betrage der Durchmesser des zentralen Leiters etwa 0,254 mm. Umschlossen ist der Zentrale Leiter 1 von der inneren oder ersten Schicht 2, hier aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren d.h. extrudierten Fluorpolymer, z.B. aus einem Tetrafluorethylen / Hexafluorpropylen ― Copolymer (FEP). Diese erste Isolierschicht hat beispielsweise eine Wanddicke von 0,225 mm, sie Ist im Ausführungsbeispiel kompakt ausgebildet.A solid copper wire is provided as the central conductor 1, advantageously tin-plated or silver-plated. Instead of a solid copper wire you can of course also use a strand made of bare or tinned copper wires. in the The present exemplary embodiment is the diameter of the central conductor about 0.254 mm. The central conductor 1 is enclosed by the inner or first Layer 2, here from a melt processable i.e. extruded Fluoropolymer, e.g. from a tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP). This first insulating layer has, for example, a wall thickness of 0.225 mm, it is of compact design in the exemplary embodiment.

    Der weitem Aufbau des Kabels zeigt die zweite und damit äußere Isolierschicht 3. Sie besteht aus einer Bewicklung in einer Dicke von z.B. 0,3 mm aus mehreren Lagen eines durch Pastenextrusion und anschließendes Walzen hergestellten Polytetrafluorethylenbandes, das nach dem Auswalzen gereckt und einer Temperaturbehandlung zum Zwecke des Sinterns unterworfen worden ist. Die durch den Reckprozeß erzeugten Poren im Band dienen in der Bewicklung als Luftkammern der Reduzierung der Dielektrizitätskonstanten und zur Verbesserung der elektrischen Übertragungseigenschaften, die in der äußersten Lage der Bandbewicklung befindlichen offenen Poren dienen der allflächigen Verankerung der mit Polyester oder einem anderen Kleber beschichteten Aluminiumfolie 4. Mit 5 ist die zweite Schicht der Abschirmung bezeichnet, es handelt sich hierbei um eine Lage / Geflecht aus verzinnten Kupferdrähten. Der Außenmantel 6, hier aus einem Tetrafluarethylen / Hexafluorpropylen ― Copolymer (FEP) umschließt die Schicht 5 der Abschirmung. Der Außendurchmesser dieses mehrschichtigen Hochfrequenz ― Koaxialkabels beträgt in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel etwa 2,00 mm, d.h. ein Koaxialkabel mit extrem geringen äußeren Abmessungen. Das Kabel ist hochflexibel bei hoher mechanischer Festigkeit und Beständigkeit der Übertragungseigenschaften auch bei wechselnder Temperaturbeanspruchung. Das erfindungsgemäße Kabel zeichnet sich im einzelnen unter anderem durch eine geringe Toleranz des Wellenwiderstandes sowie durch eine geringe Betriebskapazität aus. So hat z.B. ein 75 Ohm Kabel nach der Erfindung eine Betriebskapazität von <60 nF/km. Die Dämpfung liegt z.B. bei 1 MHZ bei 2,3 dB/100m, bei 100 MHZ bei 27,7 dB/100m und bei 500 MHZ bei 67,9 dB/100m.The broad structure of the cable shows the second and thus outer insulating layer 3 consists of a winding with a thickness of e.g. 0.3 mm from several layers one made by paste extrusion and then rolling Polytetrafluoroethylene tape that is stretched after being rolled out and one Has been subjected to heat treatment for the purpose of sintering. By The stretching process created pores in the tape serve as in the winding Air chambers to reduce dielectric constants and improve the electrical transmission properties that are in the outermost position of the Tape pore open pores are used to anchor the entire surface aluminum foil coated with polyester or another adhesive 4. With 5 the second layer of shielding, this is a layer / Braid made of tinned copper wires. The outer jacket 6, here from one Tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP) surrounds layer 5 the shield. The outside diameter of this multi-layer radio frequency - In this exemplary embodiment, the coaxial cable is approximately 2.00 mm, i.e. on Coaxial cable with extremely small external dimensions. The cable is highly flexible with high mechanical strength and durability of the transmission properties even with changing temperature loads. The cable according to the invention is characterized in particular by a low tolerance of the Wave resistance and a low operating capacity. For example, on 75 ohm cable according to the invention has an operating capacity of <60 nF / km. The Attenuation is e.g. at 1 MHz at 2.3 dB / 100m, at 100 MHz at 27.7 dB / 100m and at 500 MHz at 67.9 dB / 100m.

    Claims (18)

    Koaxiales Hochfrequenzkabel mit einer den zentralen Leiter umgebenden mehrschichtigen Isolierung aus polymeren Werkstoffen und mit einer die Isolierung umschließenden elektrischen Abschirmung, die von einer äußeren Umhüllung überdeckt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die einzelnen Schichten der Isolierung aus Fluorpolymeren bestehen, mit mindestens einer den zentralen Leiter (1) umschließenden ersten Schicht (2) aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer und einer äußeren zweiten Schicht (3) aus einem aus der Schmelze nicht verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer, wobei die zweite Schicht (3) porös und mit der umgebenden Abschirmung (4) kraftschlüssig verbunden ist.Coaxial high-frequency cable with a multi-layer insulation made of polymeric materials surrounding the central conductor and with an electrical shield surrounding the insulation, which is covered by an outer sheath, characterized in that the individual layers of insulation consist of fluoropolymers, with at least one the central conductor ( 1) surrounding first layer (2) made of a fluoropolymer that can be processed from the melt and an outer second layer (3) made of a fluoropolymer that cannot be processed from the melt, the second layer (3) being porous and non-positively connected to the surrounding shield (4) is. Kabel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wanddicke der ernten Schicht (2) 0,8 bis 0,1 mm, vorzugsweise 0,3 bis 0,2 mm, beträgt.Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall thickness of the harvested layer (2) is 0.8 to 0.1 mm, preferably 0.3 to 0.2 mm. Kabel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wanddicke der zweiten Schicht (3) 0,8 bis 0,2 mm, vorzugsweise 0,4 bis 0,3 mm, beträgt.Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall thickness of the second layer (3) is 0.8 to 0.2 mm, preferably 0.4 to 0.3 mm. Kabel nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die äußere zweite Schicht (3) aus einer ein- oder mehrlagigen Bewicklung aus einem porösen Band besteht.Cable according to claim 3, characterized in that the outer second layer (3) consists of a single or multi-layer winding made of a porous tape. Kabel nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Band ein gerecktes Polytetrafluorethylenband ist.Cable according to claim 4, characterized in that the band is an oriented polytetrafluoroethylene band. Kabel nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das gereckte Band gesintert ist. Cable according to claim 5, characterized in that the stretched band is sintered. Kabel nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dicke des gereckten Polytetrafluorethylenbandes 15 ― 250 µm, vorzugsweise 30 ― 100 µm, beträgt.Cable according to claim 5, characterized in that the thickness of the stretched polytetrafluoroethylene tape is 15-250 µm, preferably 30-100 µm. Kabel nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die den zentralen Leiter (1) umschließende erste Schicht (2) aus einem geschäumten Fluorpolymer besteht.Cable according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the first layer (2) surrounding the central conductor (1) consists of a foamed fluoropolymer. Kabel nach Anspruch 4 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens die äußerste Bandlage der Bewicklung mit der ihr zugekehrten Oberfläche der elektrischen Abschirmung (4) kraftschlüssig verbunden ist.Cable according to Claim 4 or one of the following, characterized in that at least the outermost band layer of the winding is non-positively connected to the surface of the electrical shield (4) facing it. Kabel nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die kraftschlüssige Verbindung durch eine Verklebung erreicht ist.Cable according to claim 9, characterized in that the non-positive connection is achieved by gluing. Kabel nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als elektrische Abschirmung (4) eine kleberbeschichtete Metallfolie dient.Cable according to claim 10, characterized in that an adhesive-coated metal foil serves as the electrical shield (4). Kabel nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als elektrische Abschirmung (4) eine Aluminiumfolie mit einer Polyesterbeschichtung dient.Cable according to Claim 11, characterized in that an aluminum foil with a polyester coating serves as the electrical shield (4). Kabel nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektrische Abschirmung zweischichtig aufgebaut ist, mit einer inneren Schicht aus einer kleberbeschichteten Metallfolie (4) und einer äußeren Schicht (5) in Form einer Metalldrahtlage oder eines Geflechtes aus einzelnen Metalldrähten.Cable according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the electrical shield is constructed in two layers, with an inner layer of an adhesive-coated metal foil (4) and an outer layer (5) in the form of a metal wire layer or a braid made of individual metal wires. Kabel nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektrische Abschirmung (4,5) von einer äußeren Umhüllung (6) aus einem Fluorpolymer umgeben ist.Cable according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the electrical shield (4,5) is surrounded by an outer sheath (6) made of a fluoropolymer. Kabel nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektrische Abschirmung (4,5) von einer äußeren Umhüllung (6) aus einem halogenfreien, flammwidrigen oder flammwidrigen, antikorrosiven Polymermaterial umgeben ist. Cable according to Claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the electrical shield (4, 5) is surrounded by an outer sheath (6) made of a halogen-free, flame-retardant or flame-retardant, anticorrosive polymer material. Kabel nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verklebung der Abschirmung (4) mit der porösen Isolierschicht (3) durch den Wärmeinhalt der äußeren Umhüllung (6) beim Aufbringen derselben bewirkt wird.Cable according to Claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the shielding (4) is bonded to the porous insulating layer (3) by the heat content of the outer sheath (6) when the same is applied. Kabel nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der folgenden1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dielektrizitätskonstante der ersten Schicht (2) größer als die der zweiten Schicht (3) ist.Cable according to Claim 1 or one of the following 1, characterized in that the dielectric constant of the first layer (2) is greater than that of the second layer (3). Kabel nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Schichten (2; 3) miteinander verklebt sind.Cable according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the two layers (2; 3) are glued together.
    EP00106427A 1999-04-23 2000-03-24 High frequency coaxial cable Expired - Lifetime EP1047084B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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    DE19918539 1999-04-23
    DE19918539A DE19918539A1 (en) 1999-04-23 1999-04-23 Coaxial radio frequency cable

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    DE19918539A1 (en) 2000-10-26
    DE50014701D1 (en) 2007-11-22
    CA2306340C (en) 2005-11-15
    EP1047084A3 (en) 2001-05-16
    CA2306340A1 (en) 2000-10-23
    US6337443B1 (en) 2002-01-08
    ATE375595T1 (en) 2007-10-15
    EP1047084B1 (en) 2007-10-10

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