EP1484945B1 - Electrical heating cable or heating band - Google Patents
Electrical heating cable or heating band Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1484945B1 EP1484945B1 EP04010990A EP04010990A EP1484945B1 EP 1484945 B1 EP1484945 B1 EP 1484945B1 EP 04010990 A EP04010990 A EP 04010990A EP 04010990 A EP04010990 A EP 04010990A EP 1484945 B1 EP1484945 B1 EP 1484945B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heating
- polytetrafluoroethylene
- band
- shock
- insulating layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- -1 polytetrafluoro-ethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)(F)F BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229940058401 polytetrafluoroethylene Drugs 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006125 amorphous polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013020 steam cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
- H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
- H05B3/56—Heating cables
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrical heating cable or an electrical heating tape having arranged in the layer structure insulating sheaths made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
- heating cables in a coaxial arrangement are known (DE-A 28 50 722), in which the heating element is enclosed by a fluoropolymer as insulating material.
- This insulation is covered by a copper wire mesh, where the individual wires are additionally nickel-plated to avoid corrosion.
- This braid of the copper wires is the electrical protective conductor of the line, which is provided to avoid accident hazards, for example, by short circuit in the electrically conductive part, within the line.
- the protective conductor is covered by an outer plastic sheath which, for protection against aggressive media of the environment, e.g. made of a fluoropolymer.
- DE-U-200 06 222 discloses an electrical heating cable or an electrical heating tape having layered structure of insulating sheaths made of polytetrafluoroethylene, wherein the insulation is shock-proofed by a PTFE tape in combination with a glass fiber fabric.
- a resistant to external mechanical stress electrical heating cable with coaxial layer structure is already known (DE-ES 101 07 429).
- a glass ceramic tape layer in the layer structure above the conductor insulation of this cable should provide protection against mechanical damage in conjunction with a likewise air-permeable reinforcement layer.
- On both sides of these two layers air-impermeable layers of an extrudable fluoropolymer are provided so that an air cushion can form between them.
- the invention is another way to protect located in the layer structure of a heating cable or a heating tape sheaths (conductor insulation, sheath, outer protective sheath) made of polytetrafluoroethylene even at maximum mechanical force by impact or crushing stresses.
- At least one of the polytetrafluoroethylene sheaths is shock-proofed by at least one adjacent insulating layer of a melt-processable fluoropolymer.
- the invention is based on the recognition that sufficient protection against external mechanical stresses can be achieved by the juxtaposition of polymer layers of the same polymer family, but different polymer structure.
- An advantageous embodiment of the invention results in an electrical heating cable in a coaxial arrangement with a central conductor, an insulation made of polytetrafluoroethylene and a protective conductor in the form of stranded or -geflochtener wires and an outer protective sheath when the polytetrafluoroethylene - insulation, one or more layers, is shock-proofed by at least one adjacent insulating layer of a melt processable fluoropolymer.
- a particularly advantageous embodiment of a heating line in a coaxial arrangement results according to the invention when, below the conductor enclosing polytetrafluoroethylene - insulation, and thus directly on the conductor itself, the shock-absorbing insulating layer is arranged from a processable from the melt fluoropolymer.
- the heating line according to the invention has no air cushion in the layer structure, the heat generated by the conductor heating thus reaches without much heat accumulation to the cable / line surface, ie where it is needed.
- the line construction is production-technically problem-free, by the extruded polymeric protective layers the line diameters can be kept small.
- the polytetrafluoroethylene insulation is subjected to a temperature treatment for the purpose of sintering the polymer material, the shrinkage of the polytetrafluoroethylene caused thereby results in compaction of the layer structure.
- the line is therefore, in contrast to the known heating cable with air cushion, also longitudinally watertight, while known glass fiber braids, mica tapes or inorganic films still have an undesirable wicking and therefore provide an ideal moisture transport.
- heating tape consists, for example, of parallel-guided feed cores and a conductor contacting these conductors at intervals heating coil and an intermediate sheath and / or an outer sheath made of polytetrafluoroethylene, then in carrying out the invention at least one sheath layer by at least one adjacent insulating layer of a processable from the melt Fluoropolymer shock resistant.
- the sheath is shock-protected by at least one adjacent insulating layer of a processable from the melt fluoropolymer according to the invention .
- Self-limiting heating tapes have proved to be advantageous for special applications, for example in explosion protection, in these heating tapes with parallel, uninsulated feeders and a surrounding semiconductive sheath and a common insulation and / or an outer protective sheath made of polytetrafluoroethylene in turn, the common insulation and / or Protective jacket shockproof according to the proposal of the invention.
- the purpose of the longitudinal water-tightness and compactness of the heating lines or heating strips according to the invention, in continuation of the invention, is also to weld or bond the shock-absorbing insulating layers with the polytetrafluoroethylene sheathings. At the same time the bending fatigue strength of such arrangements is substantially increased.
- the thickness of the impact absorbing layer is 0.1 to 0.8 mm, preferably 0.2 to 0.5 mm.
- the thickness to be selected in the case of heating cables in coaxial arrangement and on the conductor immediately located shock absorbing insulating layer depends essentially on the respective conductor diameter. For example, with a conductor diameter of 1.5 mm, the impact absorbing layer is 0.2 mm.
- the invention offers particular advantages even if the conductor insulation consists of a polytetrafluoroethylene tape wound with overlap of the edges, for example with a rectangular cross section.
- the gussets formed by the winding of the band are filled with the fluoropolymer of the impact absorbing layer.
- the adhesion of the adjoining layers is improved, the further compactness gained thereby ensures a high stability of the line against kinking and bending.
- the shock-absorbing layer according to the invention consists of a melt processable fluoropolymer. Since, in the case of a generic heating cable or a heating band, the task also depends on a high long-term temperature resistance, if appropriate also under the influence of aggressive media, it is advantageous to produce the impact-absorbing layer of a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkylvinyl ether copolymer (TFA / PFA).
- TFA tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkylvinyl ether copolymer
- tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer FEP
- polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethylvinyl ether copolymer also known under the trade name HYFLON MFA
- FEP tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- HYFLON MFA polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethylvinyl ether copolymer
- melt-processable fluoropolymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), may sometimes find advantageous use.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- ETFE ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene
- a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention results in a polytetrafluoroethylene envelope from a wound polytetrafluoroethylene tape if this has a plano-convex cross-sectional shape.
- the plano-convex shape after winding and sintering of the polytetrafluoroethylene band results in a compact envelope with a closed smooth outer surface. This is of particular advantage when the outer surface is exposed to aggressive media in the environment.
- the strip of polytetrafluoroethylene in cross-section as a flat profile, with tapering from the center to both sides edge regions and at the edges regular band.
- PTFE strip material
- the edges of the band made of polytetrafluoroethylene are drawn wide, wherein the edge width on both sides of the band thickness determining middle region is at least 45%, preferably 50 to 80%, of the entire width of the band.
- the thickness of the polytetrafluoroethylene tape advantageously used according to the invention is from 20 to 200 ⁇ m, preferably from 40 to 160 ⁇ m.
- the tape thickness decreases to the edges (edge) down to 5 microns and less.
- the bandwidth is expediently 5 to 50 mm, preferably 10 to 30 mm.
- the same band dimensions apply with particular advantage also for the case that in addition to the insulation and the outer protective sheath consists of a wound tape made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
- an impact-absorbing insulating layer of a melt processable fluoropolymer below the polytetrafluoroethylene wrap layer (s).
- a further advantageous embodiment of the invention would be the one or both sides of the protective conductor an impact absorbing insulating layer of a processable from the melt fluoropolymer adjacent to enclose the protective conductor so with these insulating layers.
- the conductor 1 as shown in Figure 1, for example, a number of individual resistance wires.
- the conductor insulation is designated 2, it consists of a high temperature resistant polytetrafluoroethylene, the term "polytetrafluoroethylene”, as above, includes cole tetrafluoroethylene polymers provided with modifying additives, but in such an amount that the polymer, such as PTFE itself, from the melt is not processable.
- the polytetrafluoroethylene used consists of a first unsintered tape or film material wound on the heating conductor in the unsintered state, preferably with overlap, for example up to 50%, and sintered in the wound state by a corresponding temperature treatment.
- the individual tape layers are fused or welded into a compact insulation.
- the protective conductor 3 consists of individual metallic wires, such as nickel-plated copper wires, which are stranded on the insulation 2 or woven to achieve the widest, covering over the circumference covering.
- the heating line is completed by the jacket 4, which is useful, since such lines are also used in the sphere of influence of aggressive media, such as in the chemical industry, is made of a suitably suitable plastic material.
- Fluorinated polymers which are applied in extruded form or in which a winding of initially unsintered and wound wound PTFE tapes forms the outer termination of the heating cable have also proved advantageous as cladding materials.
- shock absorbing layer 5 is provided.
- This layer of extrudable fluoropolymer, amorphous in accordance with the invention dampens the impact energy applied from the outside and thus prevents conduction damage or destruction.
- the heating cable again in a coaxial design, consists of the heating element 6, for example, a plurality of individual stranded together or braided resistance wires.
- the conductor insulation is denoted by 7, it consists in the present embodiment of one or more layers of a band of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- this tape wound up in the unsintered state and sintered in the wound state forms a compact, longitudinally watertight casing which is also insensitive to aggressive media, but due to the material structure is not sufficiently suitable for absorbing shock or impact stress without damage .
- the invention provides the shock absorbing layer 8 of a melt processable fluoropolymer. This layer covers the conductor 6 directly, because of the smaller in relation to the diameter of the line conductor diameter, the wall thickness of the layer 8 can be kept extremely thin. Compared to the solution according to FIG. 1, this substantially saves polymer material, moreover, this embodiment leads to a reduced overall diameter compared with the above exemplary embodiment, but above all with respect to the prior art.
- This line construction substantially enhances the material-specific properties of PTFE and PFA (TFA, MFA).
- PTFE PTFE
- PFA PFA
- the heating cable according to the invention therefore meets all safety requirements, in particular those for explosion protection.
- this heating line according to the invention is inexpensive to produce, partly because of the simplified compared to the prior art steps, partly because of the lower amounts of material, which are also still assigned to the same polymer family. A particular advantage when a high continuous temperature resistance is required, for example in hot steam cleaning plants with operating temperatures between 300 ° and 320 ° C.
- the outer jacket 10 is in this embodiment also made of a winding of PTFE - bands, subjected in the wound state of a temperature treatment and thus welded or fused to form a compact enclosure.
- the particular cross-sectional shape of the PTFE tape provided according to the invention results in a particularly smooth, self-contained surface. A rupture of the individual tape layers under impact or impact stress is avoided by the inventive solution to arrange a shock-absorbing polymer layer of the same polymer family in the layer structure of the heating line.
- the heating line according to the invention according to Figure 2 is also characterized by particularly favorable external dimensions.
- the diameter of the conductor 6 is 1.4 mm
- the wall thickness of the shock absorbing layer 8 is 0.2 mm
- the insulation 7 has a wall thickness of 0.6 mm
- the thickness of the braid 9 is 0, 4 mm
- the jacket 10 has a wall thickness of 0.5 mm. Notwithstanding the preferred embodiment of FIG. 2, other variants are possible.
- insulating layers of PTFE and PFA for example, in the layer structure of the heating line alternate, such as PTFE / PFA / PTFE or PFA / PTFE / PFA, the prerequisite is as in the embodiments that these insulating layers adjacent to each other.
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- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Communication Cables (AREA)
- Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine elektrische Heizleitung oder ein elektrisches Heizband mit im Schichtenaufbau angeordneten isolierenden Umhüllungen aus Polytetrafluorethylen.The present invention relates to an electrical heating cable or an electrical heating tape having arranged in the layer structure insulating sheaths made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
Für die unterschiedlichsten Anwendungsbereiche, beispielsweise auch für die Beheizung von aggresiven Medien, sind Heizleitungen in koaxialer Anordnung bekannt (DE-A 28 50 722), bei denen der Heizleiter von einem Fluorpolymer als Isoliermaterial umschlossen ist. Überdeckt wird diese Isolierung von einem Kupferdrahtgeflecht, wobei die Einzeldrähte zur Vermeidung von Korrosionen zusätzlich vernickelt sind. Dieses Geflecht aus den Kupferdrähten ist der elektrische Schutzleiter der Leitung, der zur Vermeidung von Unfallgefahren, beispielsweise auch durch Kurzschluß im elektrisch leitenden Teil, innerhalb der Leitung vorgesehen ist. Überdeckt wird der Schutzleiter von einem äußeren Kunststoffmantel, der zum Schutz gegen aggresive Medien der Umgebung z.B. aus einem Fluorpolymer hergestellt ist. Vorteil einer so aufgebauten koaxialen Anordnung ist neben dem weiten Einsatzbereich dieser Leitung aufgrund der hochtemperaturbeständigen und auch gegen aggresive Medien unempfindlichen Werkstoffe, daß solche Leitungen in praktisch beliebigen Längen mit hoher Flexibilität herstellbar sind.For a variety of applications, for example, for the heating of aggressive media, heating cables in a coaxial arrangement are known (DE-A 28 50 722), in which the heating element is enclosed by a fluoropolymer as insulating material. This insulation is covered by a copper wire mesh, where the individual wires are additionally nickel-plated to avoid corrosion. This braid of the copper wires is the electrical protective conductor of the line, which is provided to avoid accident hazards, for example, by short circuit in the electrically conductive part, within the line. The protective conductor is covered by an outer plastic sheath which, for protection against aggressive media of the environment, e.g. made of a fluoropolymer. Advantage of a coaxial arrangement thus constructed, in addition to the wide range of application of this line due to the high temperature resistant and also against aggressive media insensitive materials that such lines can be produced in virtually any length with high flexibility.
DE-U-200 06 222 offenbart eine Elektrische Heizleitung oder ein elektrisches Heizband mit im Schichtenaufbau angeordneten isolierenden Umhüllungen aus Polytetrafluorethylen, wobei die Isolierung durch ein PTFE-Band in Kombination mit einem Glasseidengeflecht stoßgesichert ist.DE-U-200 06 222 discloses an electrical heating cable or an electrical heating tape having layered structure of insulating sheaths made of polytetrafluoroethylene, wherein the insulation is shock-proofed by a PTFE tape in combination with a glass fiber fabric.
Ähnliches gilt für bekannte elektrische Heizbänder (GB 2 092 420 A, GB 2 130 459 A), die z.B. für sog. Rohrbegleitheizungen eingesetzt werden oder auch auf dampfgespülten Rohren für den Temperaturerhalt oder für eine Temperaturerhöhung sorgen. Schließlich sind auch sog. selbstbegrenzende Heizbänder mit einem Halbleiter-Heizelement im Einsatz. Da die Wärmeabgabe hier selbsttätig in Abhängigkeit von der Umgebungstemperatur gesteuert wird, sind solche Heizbänder für den Einsatz in explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen besonders geeignet.The same applies to known electric heating tapes (
Nun kommt es aber immer wieder vor, daß aufgrund äußerer Betriebsbedingungen beim Einsatz von Heizleitungen, etwa in koaxialer Ausführung, bei äußerer Druckbelastung der äußere Mantel so stark verquetscht und die Isolierung vom Heizleiter weggedrückt wird, daß Schutzleiter und Heizleiter einander berühren bzw. der isolierende Abstand zwischen Schutz- und Heizleiter so gering geworden ist, daß es zu Glimm- oder Funkenentladungen kommt. Auch können bei der Beschädigung gebrochene Drähte des Schutzleiters in die Isolierung gelangen und somit zum Ausfall der gesamten Heizleitung führen. Dies sind Kriterien, die insbesondere bei solchen Heizleitungen zu berücksichtigen sind, die in explosionsgeschützten Anlagen eingesetzt werden und an die von daher besondere Sicherheitsanforderungen als vorbeugender Explosionsschutz gestellt werden. Diese Kriterien sind aber auch zu berücksichtigen im Hinblick auf die geltenden Normen (DIN VDE 0170/0171,EN 50014 und EN 50019), die beispielsweise einen Schutzleiter verlangen, der eine hinreichende Bedeckung der Oberfläche der Leiterisolierung gewährleistet, sowie eine gesonderte Quetschprüfung mit einer anschließenden Prüfung des Isoliervermögens der Leiterisolierung. Eine Verstärkung der Wanddicke sowohl der Isolierung als auch des äußeren Mantels zur Vermeidung dieser Schwierigkeiten hilft hier nicht weiter, abgesehen davon, daß diese Maßnahmen zu einer erheblichen Durchmesservergrößerung der gesamten Leitung sowie zu einem erhöhten Kostenaufwand wegen der größeren Materialmenge an Fluorkunststoff führen.But it happens again and again that due to external operating conditions when using heating cables, such as coaxial design, with external pressure load of the outer jacket squeezed so strong and the insulation is pushed away from the heating element, that protective conductor and heating conductor touch each other or the insulating distance between protective and heating conductors has become so low that it comes to glowing or spark discharges. Also, at the Damage Broken wires of the protective conductor get into the insulation and thus lead to failure of the entire heating cable. These are criteria that must be taken into account, in particular, in the case of heating cables which are used in explosion-proof systems and to which special safety requirements are therefore made as preventive explosion protection. However, these criteria must also be taken into account with regard to the applicable standards (DIN VDE 0170/0171, EN 50014 and EN 50019), which require, for example, a protective conductor which ensures sufficient coverage of the surface of the conductor insulation, as well as a separate crimp test with a following Testing the insulating capacity of the conductor insulation. An increase in the wall thickness of both the insulation and the outer shell to avoid these difficulties does not help here, apart from the fact that these measures lead to a significant increase in diameter of the entire line and at an increased cost due to the larger amount of fluoroplastic.
Ein gegen äußere mechanische Belastungen widerstandsfähiges elektrisches Heizkabel mit koaxialern Schichtenaufbau ist bereits bekannt (DE-ES 101 07 429). Eine Glaskeramikbandschicht im Schichtenaufbau oberhalb der Leiterisolierung dieses Kabels soll im Zusammenwirken mit einer ebenfalls luftdurchlässigen Verstärkungsschicht Schutz gegen mechanische Beschädigungen bieten. Beidseitig dieser beiden Schichten sind luftundurchlässige Schichten aus einem extrudierfähigen Fluorpolymer vorgesehen, so daß sich zwischen ihnen ein Luftpolster ausbilden kann. Abgesehen von dieser aufwendigen sowie den Kabeldurchmesser vergrößernden Schichtenkonstruktion führt das bewußt herbeigeführte Luftpolster im Kabelinnem zu einer erheblichen Beeinträchtigung der Wärmeleitung weg vom Heizleiter an die Kabeloberfläche und damit zu einer Verschlechterung des Wirkungsgrades des Heizkabels selbst.A resistant to external mechanical stress electrical heating cable with coaxial layer structure is already known (DE-ES 101 07 429). A glass ceramic tape layer in the layer structure above the conductor insulation of this cable should provide protection against mechanical damage in conjunction with a likewise air-permeable reinforcement layer. On both sides of these two layers air-impermeable layers of an extrudable fluoropolymer are provided so that an air cushion can form between them. Apart from this complex and the cable diameter-increasing layer construction leads the deliberately induced air cushion in Kabelinnem to a significant impairment of the heat conduction away from the heating element to the cable surface and thus to a deterioration of the efficiency of the heating cable itself.
Um das zu vermeiden, dennoch aber den Forderungen der geltenden Normen nach ausreichender Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen äußere Schlag- oder Druckbeanspruchungen zu genügen, hat man bereits vorgeschlagen (EP 0 609 771 B1), unter- und/oder oberhalb des Schutzleiters bei einer gattungsgemäßen elektrischen Heizleitung eine oder mehrere Lagen eines Bandes aus mechanisch hochfesten Kunststoffen, etwa aus Polyimid, vorzusehen. Eine solche Bewicklung ist in der Lage, hohe Druckbeanspruchungen auszuhalten, äußere Schläge werden gedämpft abgefangen, eine Beschädigung der Leiterisolierung ist vermieden.In order to avoid this, but nevertheless to meet the requirements of the applicable standards for sufficient resistance to external shock or pressure stresses, it has already been proposed (EP 0 609 771 B1), below and / or above the protective conductor in a generic electrical heating line a or several layers of a strip of high mechanical strength plastics, such as polyimide provide. Such a winding is able to withstand high compressive stresses external shocks are absorbed damped, damage to the conductor insulation is avoided.
Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik geht die Erfindung einen anderen Weg zum Schutz der im Schichtenaufbau einer Heizleitung oder eines Heizbandes befindlichen Umhüllungen (Leiterisolierung, Zwischenmantel, äußerer Schutzmantel ) aus Polytetrafluorethylen auch bei höchster mechanischer Krafteinwirkung durch Schlag- oder Quetschbeanspruchungen.Based on this prior art, the invention is another way to protect located in the layer structure of a heating cable or a heating tape sheaths (conductor insulation, sheath, outer protective sheath) made of polytetrafluoroethylene even at maximum mechanical force by impact or crushing stresses.
Gemäß der Erfindung ist mindestens eine der Polytetrafluorethylen-Umhüllungen durch mindestens eine angrenzende Isolierschicht aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer stoßgesichert. Dabei geht die Erfindung von der Erkenntnis aus, daß ein ausreichender Schutz gegen äußere mechanische Beanspruchungen erreicht werden kann durch das Nebeneinander von Polymerschichten aus der gleichen Polymerfamilie, aber unterschiedlicher Polymerstruktur. So ist nach dem Vorschlag der Erfindung das Polytetrafluorethylen mit seiner fasrigen, sogenannte Fibrillen aufweisenden, Polymerstruktur durch das benachbarte thermoplastische Polymer mit seiner amorphen Struktur geschützt. Das ergibt sich dadurch daß bei Stoß- oder Schlagbeanspruchungen im Gegensatz zur Faserstruktur die amorphe Polymerstruktur Stoß absorbierend wirkt.According to the invention, at least one of the polytetrafluoroethylene sheaths is shock-proofed by at least one adjacent insulating layer of a melt-processable fluoropolymer. The invention is based on the recognition that sufficient protection against external mechanical stresses can be achieved by the juxtaposition of polymer layers of the same polymer family, but different polymer structure. Thus, according to the proposal of the invention, the polytetrafluoroethylene with its fibrous, so-called fibrils, polymer structure protected by the adjacent thermoplastic polymer with its amorphous structure. This is due to the fact that in shock or impact stresses in contrast to the fiber structure, the amorphous polymer structure impact absorbing.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ergibt sich bei einer elektrischen Heizleitung in koaxialer Anordnung mit einem zentralen Leiter, einer Isolierung aus Polytetrafluorethylen und einem Schutzleiter in Form aufgeseilter oder -geflochtener Drähte sowie einem äußeren Schutzmantel dann, wenn die Polytetrafluorethylen - Isolierung, ein- oder mehrschichtig, durch mindestens eine angrenzende Isolierschicht aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer stoßgesichert ist.
Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausführungform einer Heizleitung in koaxialer Anordnung ergibt sich nach der Erfindung dann, wenn unterhalb der den Leiter umschließenden Polytetrafluorethylen - Isolierung, und damit unmittelbar auf dem Leiter selbst, die Stoß absorbierende Isolierschicht aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer angeordnet ist. Durch die Verwendung artverwandter Werkstoffe auch für den mechanischen Schutz ist gegenüber den bekannten Heizkabeln oder -leitungen die Dauertemperaturbeständigkeit, eine notwendige Eigenschaft für Heizleitungen, wesentlich erhöht. Die erfindungsgemäße Heizleitung weist keine Luftpolster im Schichtenaufbau auf, die vom Leiter erzeugte Heizwärme gelangt somit ohne wesentlichen Wärmestau zur Kabel- / Leitungsoberfläche, also dorthin, wo sie auch gebraucht wird. Der Leitungsaufbau ist fertigungstechnisch problemlos, durch die extrudierten polymeren Schutzschichten können die Leitungsdurchmesser klein gehalten werden.An advantageous embodiment of the invention results in an electrical heating cable in a coaxial arrangement with a central conductor, an insulation made of polytetrafluoroethylene and a protective conductor in the form of stranded or -geflochtener wires and an outer protective sheath when the polytetrafluoroethylene - insulation, one or more layers, is shock-proofed by at least one adjacent insulating layer of a melt processable fluoropolymer.
A particularly advantageous embodiment of a heating line in a coaxial arrangement results according to the invention when, below the conductor enclosing polytetrafluoroethylene - insulation, and thus directly on the conductor itself, the shock-absorbing insulating layer is arranged from a processable from the melt fluoropolymer. The use of similar materials for mechanical protection compared to the known heating cables or lines, the continuous temperature resistance, a necessary property for heating cables, significantly increased. The heating line according to the invention has no air cushion in the layer structure, the heat generated by the conductor heating thus reaches without much heat accumulation to the cable / line surface, ie where it is needed. The line construction is production-technically problem-free, by the extruded polymeric protective layers the line diameters can be kept small.
Da in der Regel die Polytetrafluorethylen - Isolierung einer Temperaturbehandlung zum Zwecke des Sintems des Polymermaterials unterworfen wird, ergibt sich durch die dadurch bewirkte Schrumpfung des Polytetrafluorethylens eine Kompaktierung des Schichtenaufbaues. Die Leitung ist daher, im Gegensatz zur bekannten Heizleitung mit Luftpolster, auch längswasserdicht, während bekannte Glasseidengeflechte, Glimmerbänder oder anorganische Folien noch eine unerwünschte Dochtwirkung aufweisen und daher für einen idealen Feuchtigkeitstransport sorgen.Since, as a rule, the polytetrafluoroethylene insulation is subjected to a temperature treatment for the purpose of sintering the polymer material, the shrinkage of the polytetrafluoroethylene caused thereby results in compaction of the layer structure. The line is therefore, in contrast to the known heating cable with air cushion, also longitudinally watertight, while known glass fiber braids, mica tapes or inorganic films still have an undesirable wicking and therefore provide an ideal moisture transport.
Wie oben ausgeführt, sind neben den beschriebenen Heizleitungen in koaxialer Ausführung auch elektrische Heizbänder der unterschiedlichsten Ausführungsformen im Einsatz. Besteht ein solches Heizband beispielsweise aus parallel geführten Speiseadern und einer die Leiter dieser Speiseadern in Abständen kontaktierenden Heizwendel sowie einem Zwischenmantel und/oder einem Außenmantel aus Polytetrafluorethylen, dann ist in Durchführung der Erfindung mindestens eine Mantelschicht durch mindestens eine angrenzende Isolierschicht aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer stoßgesichert.
Bei einer anderen Variante eines Heizbandes mit parallelen, unisolierten Speiseleitern und einem parallel zu diesen geführten und mit den Speiseleitern in Abständen kontaktierten Heizdraht sowie einer gemeinsamen Umhüllung aus Polytetrafluorethylen ist nach der Erfindung die Umhüllung durch mindestens eine angrenzende Isolierschicht aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer stoßgesichert.
Für spezielle Anwendungen haben sich selbstbegrenzende Heizbänder als vorteilhaft erwiesen, beispielsweise im Explosionsschutz, Bei diesen Heizbändern mit parallelen, unisolierten Speiseleitern und einer diese umschließenden halbleitenden Umhüllung sowie einer gemeinsamen Isolierung und/oder einem äußeren Schutzmantel aus Polytetrafluorethylen sind wiederum die gemeinsame Isolierung und/oder der Schutzmantel nach dem Vorschlag der Erfindung stoßgesichert.As stated above, in addition to the described heating cables in a coaxial design and electrical heating bands of various embodiments in use. If such a heating tape consists, for example, of parallel-guided feed cores and a conductor contacting these conductors at intervals heating coil and an intermediate sheath and / or an outer sheath made of polytetrafluoroethylene, then in carrying out the invention at least one sheath layer by at least one adjacent insulating layer of a processable from the melt Fluoropolymer shock resistant.
In another variant of a heating strip with parallel, uninsulated feeders and a guided parallel to these and contacted with the feeders at intervals heating wire and a common envelope made of polytetrafluoroethylene, the sheath is shock-protected by at least one adjacent insulating layer of a processable from the melt fluoropolymer according to the invention ,
Self-limiting heating tapes have proved to be advantageous for special applications, for example in explosion protection, in these heating tapes with parallel, uninsulated feeders and a surrounding semiconductive sheath and a common insulation and / or an outer protective sheath made of polytetrafluoroethylene in turn, the common insulation and / or Protective jacket shockproof according to the proposal of the invention.
Dem Zweck der Längswasserdichtigkeit und Kompaktheit der erfindungsgemäßen Heizleitungen oder Heizbänder dient in Weiterführung der Erfindung auch eine Verschweißung oder Verklebung der Stoß absorbierenden Isolierschichten mit den Polytetrafluorethylen - Umhüllungen. Gleichzeitig wird die Biegewechselfestigkeit solcher Anordnungen wesentlich erhöht.
Die Dicke der Stoß absorbierenden Schicht beträgt 0,1 bis 0,8 mm, vorzugsweise 0,2 bis 0,5 mm. Die zu wählende Dicke hängt im Falle von Heizleitungen in koaxialer Anordnung und auf dem Leiter unmittelbar befindlicher Stoß absorbierender Isolierschicht im wesentlichen vom jeweiligen Leiterdurchmesser ab. So beträgt die Stoß absorbierende Schicht bei einem Leiterdurchmesser von 1,5 mm beispielsweise 0,2 mm.The purpose of the longitudinal water-tightness and compactness of the heating lines or heating strips according to the invention, in continuation of the invention, is also to weld or bond the shock-absorbing insulating layers with the polytetrafluoroethylene sheathings. At the same time the bending fatigue strength of such arrangements is substantially increased.
The thickness of the impact absorbing layer is 0.1 to 0.8 mm, preferably 0.2 to 0.5 mm. The thickness to be selected in the case of heating cables in coaxial arrangement and on the conductor immediately located shock absorbing insulating layer depends essentially on the respective conductor diameter. For example, with a conductor diameter of 1.5 mm, the impact absorbing layer is 0.2 mm.
Die Erfindung bietet besondere Vorteile auch dann, wenn die Leiterisolierung aus einem mit Überlappung der Kanten gewickelten Polytetrafluorethylen - Band besteht, etwa mit rechteckförmigem Querschnitt. In diesem Fall werden erfindungsgemäß die durch die Wicklung des Bandes gebildeten Zwickel mit dem Fluorpolymer der Stoß absorbierenden Schicht ausgefüllt. Die Haftung der aneinandergrenzenden Schichten wird verbessert, die dadurch gewonnene weitere Kompaktheit sichert eine hohe Stabilität der Leitung gegen Knicken und Biegen.The invention offers particular advantages even if the conductor insulation consists of a polytetrafluoroethylene tape wound with overlap of the edges, for example with a rectangular cross section. In this case, according to the invention, the gussets formed by the winding of the band are filled with the fluoropolymer of the impact absorbing layer. The adhesion of the adjoining layers is improved, the further compactness gained thereby ensures a high stability of the line against kinking and bending.
Die Stoß absorbierende Schicht besteht nach der Erfindung aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer. Da es bei einer gattungsgemäßen Heizleitung oder einem Heizband von ihrer Aufgabe her auch auf eine hohe Dauertemperaturbeständigkeit, gegebenenfalls auch unter dem Einfluss aggressiver Medien, ankommt, kann man vorteilhaft die Stoß absorbierende Schicht aus einem Tetrafluorethylen ― Perfluoralkylvinylether - Copolymerisat (TFA/PFA) herstellen. Aber auch das Tetrafluorethylen / Hexafluorpropylen - Copolymer (FEP) oder das Polytetrafluorethylen -Perfluormethylvinylether - Copolymerisat, auch bekannt unter dem Handelsnamen HYFLON MFA, sind, je nach Einsatzgebiet, vorteilhafte Polymere zur Durchführung der Erfindung.The shock-absorbing layer according to the invention consists of a melt processable fluoropolymer. Since, in the case of a generic heating cable or a heating band, the task also depends on a high long-term temperature resistance, if appropriate also under the influence of aggressive media, it is advantageous to produce the impact-absorbing layer of a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkylvinyl ether copolymer (TFA / PFA). However, the tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP) or the polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethylvinyl ether copolymer, also known under the trade name HYFLON MFA, are, depending on the field of application, advantageous polymers for carrying out the invention.
Auch andere bekannte Fluorpolymere, die aus der Schmelze verarbeitbar sind, wie das Polyvinylidenfluorid (PVDF) oder das Ethylen - Tetrafluorethylen (ETFE) können mitunter eine vorteilhafte Anwendung finden.Other known melt-processable fluoropolymers, such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), may sometimes find advantageous use.
Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ergibt sich bei einer Polytetrafluorethylen - Umhüllung aus einem gewickelten Polytetrafluorethylen-Band dann, wenn dieses eine plankonvexe Querschnittsform aufweist. Gegenüber gängigen Bändern mit rechteckförmiger Querschnittsform führt die plankonvexe Form nach dem Wickeln und Sintern des Polytetrafluorethylenbandes zu einer kompakten Umhüllung mit geschlossener glatter äußerer Oberfläche. Diese ist von besonderem Vorteil dann, wenn die äußere Oberfläche aggressiven Medien der Umgebung ausgesetzt ist.A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention results in a polytetrafluoroethylene envelope from a wound polytetrafluoroethylene tape if this has a plano-convex cross-sectional shape. Compared to common bands having a rectangular cross-sectional shape, the plano-convex shape after winding and sintering of the polytetrafluoroethylene band results in a compact envelope with a closed smooth outer surface. This is of particular advantage when the outer surface is exposed to aggressive media in the environment.
Eine andere vorteilhafte Möglichkeit, eine Verbesserung der Isolierqualität gegenüber der aus rechteckförmigen Bändern herbeizuführen, ist die, das Band aus Polytetrafluorethylen im Querschnitt als Flachprofil auszubilden, mit von der Mitte nach beiden Seiten spitz zulaufenden Randbereichen und an den Kanten regelmäßigem Bandverlauf. Nach dem Wickeln des Bandes mit überlappenden Kanten und Sintern des Bandmaterials (PTFE) ergibt sich durch das Auslaufen der Bandkanten in den Überlappungsbereich hinein eine besonders glatte, in sich geschlossene Isolieroberfläche. Dabei sind vorteilhaft die Ränder des Bandes aus Polytetrafluorethylen breit gezogen, wobei die Randbreite beidseitig des die Banddicke bestimmenden mittleren Bereichs mindestens 45 %, vorzugsweise 50 bis 80 %, der gesamten Breite des Bandes beträgt.Another advantageous possibility to bring about an improvement in the insulating quality compared to that of rectangular strips is to form the strip of polytetrafluoroethylene in cross-section as a flat profile, with tapering from the center to both sides edge regions and at the edges regular band. After winding the strip with overlapping edges and sintering of the strip material (PTFE) results in the leakage of the band edges in the overlap area in a particularly smooth, self-contained insulating surface. Advantageously, the edges of the band made of polytetrafluoroethylene are drawn wide, wherein the edge width on both sides of the band thickness determining middle region is at least 45%, preferably 50 to 80%, of the entire width of the band.
Die Dicke des gemäß der Erfindung vorteilhaft verwendeten Bandes aus Polytetrafluorethylen beträgt 20 bis 200 µm, vorzugsweise 40 bis 160 µm. Die Banddicke nimmt zu den Kanten (Rand) hin auf 5 µm und weniger ab. Dabei wird die Bandbreite zweckmäßig 5 bis 50 mm, vorzugsweise 10 bis 30 mm, betragen.The thickness of the polytetrafluoroethylene tape advantageously used according to the invention is from 20 to 200 μm, preferably from 40 to 160 μm. The tape thickness decreases to the edges (edge) down to 5 microns and less. The bandwidth is expediently 5 to 50 mm, preferably 10 to 30 mm.
Die gleichen Bandabmessungen gelten mit besonderem Vorteil auch für den Fall, daß neben der Isolierung auch der äußere Schutzmantel aus einem gewickelten Band aus Polytetrafluorethylen besteht.The same band dimensions apply with particular advantage also for the case that in addition to the insulation and the outer protective sheath consists of a wound tape made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
In diesem Fall kann es mitunter vorteilhaft sein, unterhalb der Wickellage (n) aus Polytetrafluorethylen eine Stoß absorbierende Isolierschicht aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer anzuordnen. Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung wäre die, ein- oder beidseitig an den Schutzleiter eine Stoß absorbierende Isolierschicht aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer angrenzen zu lassen, den Schutzleiter also mit diesen Isolierschichten einzuschließen.In this case, it may sometimes be advantageous to arrange an impact-absorbing insulating layer of a melt processable fluoropolymer below the polytetrafluoroethylene wrap layer (s). A further advantageous embodiment of the invention would be the one or both sides of the protective conductor an impact absorbing insulating layer of a processable from the melt fluoropolymer adjacent to enclose the protective conductor so with these insulating layers.
Die Erfindung sei anhand der in den Figuren 1 und 2 als besonders vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen von elektrischen Heizleitungen in koaxialer Anordnung näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the in Figures 1 and 2 as particularly advantageous embodiments of electrical heating cables in a coaxial arrangement.
Zur Erhöhung der Flexibilität der Heizleitung nach der Erfindung besteht der Leiter 1, wie in der Figur 1 dargestellt, beispielsweise aus einer Anzahl einzelner Widerstandsdrähte. Die Leiterisolierung ist mit 2 bezeichnet, sie besteht aus einem hochtemperaturbeständigen Polytetrafluorethylen, wobei die Bezeichnung "Polytetrafluorethylen", wie oben auch, colche Tetrafluorethylen - Polymere einschließt, die mit modifizierenden Zusätzen versehen sind, jedoch in einer solchen Menge, daß das Polymere, wie das PTFE selbst, aus der Schmelze nicht verarbeitbar ist.To increase the flexibility of the heating cable according to the invention, the conductor 1, as shown in Figure 1, for example, a number of individual resistance wires. The conductor insulation is designated 2, it consists of a high temperature resistant polytetrafluoroethylene, the term "polytetrafluoroethylene", as above, includes cole tetrafluoroethylene polymers provided with modifying additives, but in such an amount that the polymer, such as PTFE itself, from the melt is not processable.
In der bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht das verwendete Polytetrafluorethylen aus einem zunächst ungesinterten Band- oder Folienmaterial, das in ungesintertem Zustand auf den Heizleiter aufgewickelt, vorzugsweise mit Überlappung, beispielsweise bis zu 50 %, und im aufgewickelten Zustand durch eine entsprechende Temperaturbehandlung gesintert wird. Die einzelnen Bandlagen werden dabei zu einer kompakten Isolierung verschmolzen oder verschweißt.In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the polytetrafluoroethylene used consists of a first unsintered tape or film material wound on the heating conductor in the unsintered state, preferably with overlap, for example up to 50%, and sintered in the wound state by a corresponding temperature treatment. The individual tape layers are fused or welded into a compact insulation.
Der Schutzleiter 3 besteht aus einzelnen metallischen Drähten, etwa aus vernickelten Kupferdrähten, die auf die Isolierung 2 aufgeseilt oder zur Erzielung einer weitestgehenden, über den Umfang reichenden Bedeckung aufgeflochten sind.The
Nach außen hin ist die Heizleitung abgeschlossen durch den Mantel 4, der zweckmäßig, da solche Leitungen auch im Einflussbereich aggressiver Medien eingesetzt werden, etwa in der chemischen Industrie, aus einem entsprechend geeigneten Kunststoffmaterial hergestellt ist. Als Mantelmaterialien haben sich Fluorpolymere ebenfalls als vorteilhaft erwiesen, die in extrudierter Form aufgebracht werden, oder dadurch, daß eine Bewicklung aus zunächst ungesinterten und im gewickelten Zustand gesinterten PTFE - Bändern den äußeren Abschluss der Heizleitung bildet.Outwardly, the heating line is completed by the jacket 4, which is useful, since such lines are also used in the sphere of influence of aggressive media, such as in the chemical industry, is made of a suitably suitable plastic material. Fluorinated polymers which are applied in extruded form or in which a winding of initially unsintered and wound wound PTFE tapes forms the outer termination of the heating cable have also proved advantageous as cladding materials.
Um nun zu verhindern, daß bei äußerer Druckbelastung (Schlag) der Mantel 4 verquetscht und/oder von dem Schutzleiter 3 weggedrückt wird, es also zum Schaden an der Heizleitung und gegebenenfalls zu Leitungsausfällen kommt, ist unterhalb des Mantels 4 die Stoß absorbierende Schicht 5 vorgesehen. Diese Schicht aus einem nach der Erfindung amorphen extrudierbaren Fluorpolymer dämpft die von außen aufgebrachte Schlagenergie und verhindert so eine Leitungsbeschädigung oder Zerstörung.In order to prevent now that at outer pressure load (shock) squeezed the jacket 4 and / or pushed away from the
Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung zeigt die Figur 2. Die Heizleitung, wiederum in koaxialer Ausführung, besteht aus dem Heizleiter 6, beispielsweise aus einer Vielzahl einzelner miteinander verseilter oder verflochtener Widerstandsdrähte. Die Leiterisolierung ist mit 7 bezeichnet, sie besteht im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel aus einer oder mehreren Lagen eines Bandes aus Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE). Dieses Band im ungesinterten Zustand aufgewickelt und im gewickelten Zustand gesintert bildet zwar nach dem Sintern des PTFE - Materials eine kompakte, längswasserdichte Hülle, die auch gegen aggressive Medien unempfindlich ist, aufgrund der Materialstruktur aber nicht hinreichend geeignet ist, Schlag- oder Stoßbeanspruchungen ohne Schaden aufzunehmen. Um diese Heizleitung auch für den Einsatz unter extremen mechanischen äußeren Belastungen zu ertüchtigen, sie beispielsweise auch in explosionsgeschützten (gefährdeten) Anlagen einsetzen zu können, sieht die Erfindung die Stoß absorbierende Schicht 8 aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer vor. Diese Schicht überdeckt den Leiter 6 unmittelbar, wegen des im Verhältnis zum Durchmesser der Leitung geringeren Leiterdurchmessers kann die Wanddicke der Schicht 8 extrem dünn gehalten werden. Gegenüber der Lösung nach der Figur 1 wird hierdurch wesentlich an Polymermaterial eingespart, darüber hinaus führt diese Ausführungsform zu einem gegenüber dem obigen Ausführungsbeispiel, vor allem aber gegenüber dem Stand der Technik, verringerten Gesamtdurchmesser.A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG 2. The heating cable, again in a coaxial design, consists of the heating element 6, for example, a plurality of individual stranded together or braided resistance wires. The conductor insulation is denoted by 7, it consists in the present embodiment of one or more layers of a band of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). After sintering the PTFE material, this tape wound up in the unsintered state and sintered in the wound state forms a compact, longitudinally watertight casing which is also insensitive to aggressive media, but due to the material structure is not sufficiently suitable for absorbing shock or impact stress without damage , In order to make this heating line suitable for use under extreme mechanical external loads, for example, to be able to use it in explosion-proof (endangered) systems, the invention provides the shock absorbing layer 8 of a melt processable fluoropolymer. This layer covers the conductor 6 directly, because of the smaller in relation to the diameter of the line conductor diameter, the wall thickness of the layer 8 can be kept extremely thin. Compared to the solution according to FIG. 1, this substantially saves polymer material, moreover, this embodiment leads to a reduced overall diameter compared with the above exemplary embodiment, but above all with respect to the prior art.
Durch die Schicht 8, die aufgrund der Materialstruktur gleichsam als nachgiebige Pufferschicht bei Schlageinwirkung auf die Leitung wirkt, wird die angrenzende Leiterisolierung 7 mechanisch geschützt. Die Isolierung wird nicht vom Leiter 6 weggequetscht oder -gedrückt, ihre Isolierwirkung bleibt erhalten. Ein äußerer Schlag wird gedämpft abgefangen, eine Beschädigung der Leiterisolierung 7 ist nicht zu befürchten. Dieser erfindungsgemäße Leitungsaufbau verstärkt die werkstoffspezifischen Eigenschaften von PTFE und PFA (TFA, MFA) wesentlich. Die höhere Härte von PTFE gekoppelt mit der höheren Elastizität von PFA beispielsweise führen in dieser Verbundkonstruktion zu einer erheblichen Steigerung der Druck- und Stoßbelastbarkeit bzw. Standfestigkeit.Due to the layer 8, which acts due to the material structure as it were as a resilient buffer layer upon impact on the line, the
Da der Unterbau bei Schlag- / Stoßeinwirkung unbeschädigt bleibt, besteht auch keine Gefahr eines Drahtbruchs innerhalb des Schutzleiters 9 bzw. eines Ausfalls der Heizleitung durch gebrochene Drähte, die durch eine beschädigte Isolierung 7 hindurchdringen könnten. Die erfindungsgemäße Heizleitung erfüllt daher alle Sicherheitsforderungen, insbesondere auch die für den Explosionsschutz. Darüber hinaus ist diese erfindungsgemäße Heizleitung kostengünstig herstellbar, teils wegen der gegenüber dem Stand der Technik vereinfachten Arbeitsschritte, teils wegen der geringeren Materialmengen, die zudem noch der gleichen Polymerfamilie zuzuordnen sind. Ein besonderer Vorteil dann, wenn eine hohe Dauertemperaturbeständigkeit gefordert wird, beispielsweise in Heißdampfreinigungsanlagen mit Betriebstemperaturen zwischen 300° und 320° C.Since the substructure remains undamaged in shock / impact, there is also no risk of wire breakage within the protective conductor 9 or a failure of the heating cable by broken wires that could penetrate through a damaged
Der äußere Mantel 10 besteht in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ebenfalls aus einer Wicklung aus PTFE - Bändern, im gewickelten Zustand einer Temperaturbehandlung unterworfen und damit zu einer kompakten Umhüllung verschweißt oder verschmolzen. Die nach der Erfindung vorgesehene besondere Querschnittsform des PTFE - Bandes führt zu einer besonders glatten, in sich geschlossenen Oberfläche. Ein Aufreißen der einzelnen Bandlagen unter Schlag- oder Stoßbeanspruchung ist durch die erfindungsgemäße Lösung, eine Stoß absorbierende Polymerschicht aus der gleichen Polymerfamilie im Schichtenaufbau der Heizleitung anzuordnen, vermieden.The
Die erfindungsgemäße Heizleitung entsprechend Figur 2 zeichnet sich auch durch besonders günstige äußere Abmessungen aus. Bei einem Gesamtdurchmesser von z. B. 4,8 mm beträgt der Durchmesser des Leiters 6 1,4 mm, die Wanddicke der Stoß absorbierenden Schicht 8 beträgt 0,2 mm, die Isolierung 7 hat eine Wanddicke von 0,6 mm, die Dicke des Geflechtes 9 beträgt 0,4 mm und der Mantel 10 weist eine Wanddicke von 0,5 mm auf.
Abweichend von der bevorzugten Ausführungsform nach der Fig. 2 sind auch andere Varianten möglich. So können sich Isolierschichten aus PTFE und PFA beispielsweise im Schichtenaufbau der Heizleitung abwechseln, etwa PTFE / PFA /PTFE oder auch PFA /PTFE /PFA, Voraussetzung dabei ist wie in den Ausführungsbeispielen, daß diese Isolierschichten jeweils aneinandergrenzen.The heating line according to the invention according to Figure 2 is also characterized by particularly favorable external dimensions. For a total diameter of z. B. 4.8 mm, the diameter of the conductor 6 is 1.4 mm, the wall thickness of the shock absorbing layer 8 is 0.2 mm, the
Notwithstanding the preferred embodiment of FIG. 2, other variants are possible. Thus, insulating layers of PTFE and PFA, for example, in the layer structure of the heating line alternate, such as PTFE / PFA / PTFE or PFA / PTFE / PFA, the prerequisite is as in the embodiments that these insulating layers adjacent to each other.
Der erfindungsgemäße Effekt läßt sich auch erreichen, wenn abweichend von den dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen bekannte Heizkabel oder Heizleitungen, auch in von der koaxialen Konstruktion abweichenden Ausführungsformen, gegen Stoß- und Druckbeanspruchungen zu ertüchtigen sind und an die dort verwendeten PTFE-Umhüllungen nach der Erfindung Isolierschichten aus aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymeren angrenzen.The effect of the invention can also be achieved, if notwithstanding the illustrated embodiments, known heating cable or heating cables, too in deviating from the coaxial design embodiments are resistant to shock and pressure stresses and adjacent to the PTFE cladding used there according to the invention insulating layers of melt processable fluoropolymers.
Claims (22)
- Electric heating cable or electric heating band comprising insulating sheaths (2, 4, 7, 10) made of polytetrafluoroethylene arranged in a layered structure, characterised in that at least one of the polytetrafluoroethylene sheaths (2, 4, 7, 10) is protected against shock by at least one adjacent insulating layer (5, 8) made of a melt-processable fluoropolymer.
- Electric heating cable according to claim 1 in coaxial arrangement with a central conductor (1, 6), an insulation (2, 7) made of polytetrafluoroethylene and a protective conductor (3, 9) in the form of twisted or woven metallic wires, and an outer protective jacket (4, 10), characterised in that the polytetrafluoroethylene insulation (2, 7), in one or more layers, is protected against shock by at least one adjacent insulating layer (5, 8) made of a melt-processable fluoropolymer.
- Electric heating cable according to claim 2 in coaxial arrangement with a single-layer insulation (7) made of polytetrafluoroethylene surrounding the central conductor (6) and a protective conductor (9) covering it and an outer protective jacket (10), characterised in that a shock-absorbing insulating layer (8) made of a melt-processable fluoropolymer is arranged below the polytetrafluoroethylene insulation (7), and therefore directly on the conductor (6).
- Electric heating band according to claim 1 with parallel feed strands consisting of insulated electric conductors and a heater coil contacting the conductors of these feed strands at intervals and an intermediate jacket and/or an outer jacket made of polytetrafluoroethylene, characterised in that at least one jacket layer is protected against shock by at least one adjacent insulating layer made of a melt-processable fluoropolymer.
- Electric heating band according to claim 1 with parallel, uninsulated feed conductors and a heater wire guided parallel thereto and contacting the feed conductors at intervals and a common sheath made of a polytetrafluoroethylene, characterised in that the sheath is protected against shock by at least one adjacent insulating layer made of a melt-processable fluoropolymer.
- Electric heating band according to claim 1 with parallel, uninsulated feed conductors and a semi-conducting sheath surrounding them and a common insulation and/or an outer protective jacket made of polytetrafluoroethylene, characterised in that the common insulation and/or the protective jacket is protected against shock by at least one adjacent insulating layer made of a melt-processable fluoropolymer.
- Heating cable according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the thickness of the shock-absorbing insulating layer (5, 8) is 0.1 to 0.8 mm, preferably 0.2 to 0.5 mm, depending on the respective conductor diameter (1, 6).
- Heating cable or heating band according to claim 1, or any one of the following claims, characterised in that the shock-absorbing insulating layer (5, 8) is welded or glued to the polytetrafluoroethylene sheath (insulation, jacket) (2, 4, 7, 10).
- Heating cable or heating band according to claim 1 or any one of the following claims, with a sheath (2, 4, 7, 10) made of a polytetrafluoroethylene band wound with overlapping of the edges, characterised in that the interspaces formed by the winding of the band are filled with the fluoropolymer of the shock-absorbing insulating layer (5, 8).
- Heating cable or heating band according to claim 1 or any one of the following claims, characterised in that the shock-absorbing insulating layer (5, 8) consists of a tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoroalkylvinylether copolymer (TFA/PFA).
- Heating cable or heating band according to claim 1 or any one of the following claims, characterised in that the shock-absorbing insulating layer (5, 8) consists of a tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP).
- Heating cable or heating band according to claim 1 or any one of the following claims, characterised in that the shock-absorbing insulating layer (5, 8) consists of a polytetrafluoroethylene/perfluoromethylvinylether (MFA).
- Heating cable or heating band according to claim 1 or any one of the following claims, characterised in that the polytetrafluoroethylene of the sheath (2, 4, 7, 10) is sintered.
- Heating cable or heating band according to claim 9, characterised in that the band made of polytetrafluoroethylene has a rectangular cross-sectional shape.
- Heating cable or heating band according to claim 9, characterised in that the band made of polytetrafluoroethylene has a plano-convex cross-sectional shape.
- Heating cable or heating band according to claim 9 characterised in that the band made of polytetrafluoroethylene is configured with a flat cross-sectional profile, with edge regions tapering from the centre to either side and a regular band course at the edges.
- Heating cable or heating band according to claim 16, characterised in that the edges of the band made of polytetrafluoroethylene are drawn-out widthways, the edge width on either side of the central region determining the band thickness being at least 45%, preferably 50 to 80% of the total width of the band.
- Heating cable or heating band according to claim 15 or any one of the following claims, characterised in that the thickness of the band made of polytetrafluoroethylene is 20 to 200 µm, preferably 40 to 160 µm, which decreases towards the margins (edge) to 5 µm and less.
- Heating cable or heating band according to claim 18, characterised in that the width of the band made of polytetrafluoroethylene is 5 to 50 mm, preferably 10 to 30 mm.
- Heating cable or heating band according to claim 1 or any one of the following claims, characterised in that the outer protective jacket consists of a wound band made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
- Heating cable or heating band according to claim 20, characterised in that a shock-absorbing insulating layer made of a melt-processable fluoropolymer is arranged below the winding layer(s) made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
- Heating cable or heating band according to claim 2 or any one of the following claims, characterised in that, on one or both sides, a shock-absorbing insulating layer made of a melt-processable fluoropolymer adjoins the protective conductor.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10325517A DE10325517A1 (en) | 2003-06-05 | 2003-06-05 | Electric heating cable or heating tape |
DE10325517 | 2003-06-05 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1484945A1 EP1484945A1 (en) | 2004-12-08 |
EP1484945B1 true EP1484945B1 (en) | 2006-04-26 |
Family
ID=33154563
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04010990A Expired - Lifetime EP1484945B1 (en) | 2003-06-05 | 2004-05-08 | Electrical heating cable or heating band |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7220916B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1484945B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE324765T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2469775A1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10325517A1 (en) |
NO (1) | NO20042302L (en) |
RU (1) | RU2342807C2 (en) |
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RU218706U1 (en) * | 2023-04-05 | 2023-06-06 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Резонанс" | HIGH TEMPERATURE HEATING ELEMENT |
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2003
- 2003-06-05 DE DE10325517A patent/DE10325517A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-05-08 EP EP04010990A patent/EP1484945B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-05-08 DE DE502004000457T patent/DE502004000457D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-05-08 AT AT04010990T patent/ATE324765T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-06-03 US US10/859,174 patent/US7220916B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-06-04 NO NO20042302A patent/NO20042302L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-06-04 CA CA002469775A patent/CA2469775A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-10-22 RU RU2004130929/09A patent/RU2342807C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109192370A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-01-11 | 台山市电缆厂有限责任公司 | A kind of polyvinyl chloride cable |
RU218706U1 (en) * | 2023-04-05 | 2023-06-06 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Резонанс" | HIGH TEMPERATURE HEATING ELEMENT |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO20042302L (en) | 2004-12-06 |
DE10325517A1 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
US7220916B2 (en) | 2007-05-22 |
DE502004000457D1 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
EP1484945A1 (en) | 2004-12-08 |
ATE324765T1 (en) | 2006-05-15 |
US20050016757A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
RU2004130929A (en) | 2006-04-10 |
CA2469775A1 (en) | 2004-12-05 |
RU2342807C2 (en) | 2008-12-27 |
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