EP0609771B1 - Electrical heating cable - Google Patents
Electrical heating cable Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0609771B1 EP0609771B1 EP94101175A EP94101175A EP0609771B1 EP 0609771 B1 EP0609771 B1 EP 0609771B1 EP 94101175 A EP94101175 A EP 94101175A EP 94101175 A EP94101175 A EP 94101175A EP 0609771 B1 EP0609771 B1 EP 0609771B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- protective conductor
- conductor
- film
- cable according
- insulation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Revoked
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009954 braiding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003223 poly(pyromellitimide-1,4-diphenyl ether) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
- H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
- H05B3/56—Heating cables
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrical heating cable with an electrical protective conductor covering the conductor insulation made of high-temperature-resistant materials in the form of stranded or braided individual wires.
- Heating lines in a coaxial arrangement are known for the most varied fields of application, for example also for heating aggressive media (DE-A 28 50 722), in which the heating conductor is enclosed by a fluoropolymer as an insulating material.
- This insulation is covered by a copper wire mesh, whereby the individual wires are additionally nickel-plated to avoid corrosion.
- This braid made of copper wires is the electrical protective conductor of the line, which is provided within the line to avoid the risk of accidents, for example due to a short circuit in the electrically conductive part.
- the protective conductor is covered by an outer plastic sheath, which is used to protect against aggressive media in the area.
- B. is made of a fluoropolymer.
- the object of the invention is to provide adequate protection of the conductor insulation, even with the greatest mechanical force from impact or crushing loads.
- a band-shaped film made of mechanically high-strength plastics is wound underneath and / or above the protective conductor in one or more closed layers.
- This film wrapping in one form or another leads to the fact that, in the event of an external impact or squeezing effect on the heating line, the film material is only stretched at the locally limited point, or even springs back when the stress has ended.
- the present invention is of particular importance with regard to the test standard provided for such cables, according to which such heating cables are subjected to a local load with a 6 mm diameter mandrel under a load of 1500 N for 30 seconds. Due to the resilient properties of the film winding provided according to the invention, such a line satisfies the standard requirement without any problems; it is therefore also suitable for use in explosion-prone plants and systems with the specified safety factor.
- the band-shaped film can be arranged below, above or on both sides of the protective conductor.
- a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is that of arranging the band-shaped film below the protective conductor; it thus offers reliable protection of the insulation after a break in the wires of the protective conductor against the winding on both sides it provides a particularly inexpensive solution to the problem on which the invention is based.
- the band-shaped film is wound, that it consists of a high-strength plastic material and that the winding is a closed layer, so that forces acting in a point-like manner from the outside can be absorbed over the entire circumference of the heating line.
- High-strength plastic materials are known, for the purposes of the invention, for. B. plastics based on polyimides or their derivatives have proven to be advantageous. However, such plastics based on polyether ketones and their derivatives are also suitable for achieving the object on which the invention is based.
- the band-shaped film is coated on one or both sides.
- This coating suitably also consists of a fluoropolymer.
- the protective conductor itself can, as already stated, consist of stranded or braided individual wires; a so-called mixed braid of metallic wires and high-tensile plastic threads can be used advantageously as braiding.
- the conductor 1 consists, for example, of a number of individual resistance heating wires.
- the insulation is denoted by 2, it consists of a high-temperature-resistant material, for example based on a fluoropolymer, which is applied by extrusion, or, if the fluoropolymer is a polytetrafluoroethylene, consists of a film material which is applied in the unsintered state and is sintered in the wound state by an appropriate temperature treatment, so that the individual strip layers fuse to form a compact insulation.
- a protective conductor 3 is provided, and finally an outer jacket 4, which is expedient, since such lines are also used in the area of influence of aggressive media, for example in the chemical industry, made from a suitable plastic material .
- Flame-resistant properties are also often required, resistance to elevated temperatures and good mechanical properties.
- Fluoropolymers which have been found in Extruded form are applied or in that the line is banded with tape-shaped films used from the same materials in one or more layers. These materials are of course only a selection of known materials suitable for the purposes of the invention.
- a film winding 5 is provided above the insulation 2, which is applied in one or more closed layers and consists of a mechanically high-strength plastic, for example polyimide.
- FIG. 2 shows a variant of the invention that differs from FIG. 1.
- the heating conductor itself here designated 6, advantageously consists of individual resistance heating wires to increase the flexibility of the line.
- the insulation 7 is made from high-temperature-resistant plastics, for example from fluorine-based ones, above which the winding 8 according to the invention is made from a closed position, that is to say overlapping tapes made from mechanically high-strength plastics, as are known, for example, under the trade name KAPTON®.
- the protective conductor required for such heating cables is designated 9; Achievement of a wide, extensive coverage from a rope from a variety of individual copper wires, the z. B. are additionally coated with a metallic material to avoid corrosion.
- high-tensile and temperature-resistant threads or strands 10 which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, run above and along the distance 12 below the wire layer of the protective conductor 9, which is concentric with the heating conductor 6, due to the braiding along the section 11.
- this braiding of the high-tensile strands 10 for example of threads based on polyaramide, as are known under the trade name KEVLAR®, ensures that the individual wires of the protective conductor are securely fixed in the cable structure even under high bending stress, these strands are associated with The closed film layer underneath or also above further helps to keep external mechanical forces away from the insulation in the event of impact or crushing stresses on the line and thus also to ensure the operability of the heating line in such cases.
Landscapes
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Communication Cables (AREA)
- Flanged Joints, Insulating Joints, And Other Joints (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Massaging Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine elektrische Heizleitung mit einem die Leiterisolierung aus hochtemperaturbeständigen Werkstoffen überdeckenden elektrischen Schutzleiter in Form aufgeseilter oder -geflochtener Einzeldrähte.The present invention relates to an electrical heating cable with an electrical protective conductor covering the conductor insulation made of high-temperature-resistant materials in the form of stranded or braided individual wires.
Für die unterschiedlichsten Anwendungsbereiche, beispielsweise auch für die Beheizung von aggresiven Medien, sind Heizleitungen in koaxialer Anordnung bekannt (DE-A 28 50 722), bei denen der Heizleiter von einem Fluorpolymeren als Isoliermaterial umschlossen ist. Überdeckt wird diese Isolierung von einem Kupferdrahtgeflecht, wobei die Einzeldrähte zur Vermeidung von Korrosionen zusätzlich vernickelt sind. Dieses Geflecht aus den Kupferdrähten ist der elektrische Schutzleiter der Leitung, der zur Vermeidung von Unfallgefahren, beispielsweise auch durch Kurzschluß im elektrisch leitenden Teil, innerhalb der Leitung vorgesehen ist. Überdeckt wird der Schutzleiter von einem äußeren Kunststoffmantel, der zum Schutz gegen aggresive Medien der Umgebung z. B. aus einem Fluorpolymeren hergestellt ist. Vorteil einer so aufgebauten koaxialen Anordnung ist neben dem weiten Einsatzbereich dieser Leitung aufgrund der hochtemperaturbeständigen und auch gegen aggresive Medien unempfindlichen Werkstoffe, daß solche Leitungen in praktisch beliebigen Längen mit hoher Flexibilität herstellbar sind.Heating lines in a coaxial arrangement are known for the most varied fields of application, for example also for heating aggressive media (DE-A 28 50 722), in which the heating conductor is enclosed by a fluoropolymer as an insulating material. This insulation is covered by a copper wire mesh, whereby the individual wires are additionally nickel-plated to avoid corrosion. This braid made of copper wires is the electrical protective conductor of the line, which is provided within the line to avoid the risk of accidents, for example due to a short circuit in the electrically conductive part. The protective conductor is covered by an outer plastic sheath, which is used to protect against aggressive media in the area. B. is made of a fluoropolymer. The advantage of a coaxial arrangement constructed in this way is, in addition to the wide range of use of this line, because of the high-temperature-resistant materials which are also insensitive to aggressive media, that such lines can be produced in practically any lengths with great flexibility.
Nun kommt es aber immer wieder vor, daß aufgrund äußerer Betriebsbedingungen beim Einsatz solcher Heizleitungen in koaxialer Ausführung bei äußerer Druckbelastung der äußere Mantel so stark verquetscht und die Isolierung vom Heizleiter weggedrückt wird, daß Schutzleiter und Heizleiter einander berühren bzw. der isolierende Abstand zwischen Schutz- und Heizleiter so gering geworden ist, daß es zu Glimm- oder Funkenentladungen kommt. Auch können bei der Beschädigung gebrochene Drähte des Schutzleiters in die Isolierung gelangen und somit zum Ausfall der gesamten Heizleitung führen. Dies sind Kriterien, die insbesondere bei solchen Heizleitungen zu berücksichtigen sind, die in explosionsgeschützten Anlagen eingesetzt werden und an die von daher besondere Sicherheitsanforderungen als vorbeugender Explosionsschutz gestellt werden. Diese Kriterien sind aber auch zu berücksichtigen im Hinblick auf die geltenden Normen (z. B. DIN VDE 0170/0171), die beispielsweise einen Schutzleiter verlangen, der eine hinreichende Bedeckung der Oberfläche der Leiterisolierung gewährleistet, sowie eine gesonderte Quetschprüfung mit einer anschließenden Prüfung des Isoliervermögens der Leiterisolierung. Eine Verstärkung der Wanddicke sowohl der Isolierung als auch des äußeren Mantels zur Vermeidung dieser Schwierigkeiten hilft hier nicht weiter, abgesehen davon, daß diese Maßnahmen zu einer erheblichen Durchmesservergrößerung der gesamten Leitung sowie zu einem erhöhten Kostenaufwand wegen der größeren Materialmenge an Fluorkunststoff führen.Now it happens again and again that due to external operating conditions when using such heating cables in a coaxial design with external pressure load, the outer jacket is squeezed so much and the insulation is pushed away from the heating conductor that protective conductor and heating conductor touch each other or the insulating distance between protective and heating conductor has become so small that glow or spark discharges occur. In the event of damage, broken wires of the protective conductor can get into the insulation and thus lead to failure of the entire heating cable. These are criteria that have to be taken into account in particular for those heating cables that are used in explosion-proof systems and that therefore have special safety requirements as preventive explosion protection. However, these criteria must also be taken into account with regard to the applicable standards (e.g. DIN VDE 0170/0171), which, for example, require a protective conductor that ensures adequate coverage of the surface of the conductor insulation, as well as a separate squeeze test with a subsequent test of the Insulation capacity of the conductor insulation. Increasing the wall thickness of both the insulation and the outer jacket to avoid these difficulties does not help here, apart from the fact that these measures lead to a considerable increase in diameter of the entire line and to an increased cost because of the larger amount of material of fluoroplastic.
Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik liegt deshalb der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, für einen hinreichenden Schutz der Leiterisolierung auch bei höchster mechanischer Krafteinwirkung durch Schlag- oder Quetschbeanspruchungen zu sorgen.Based on this prior art, the object of the invention is to provide adequate protection of the conductor insulation, even with the greatest mechanical force from impact or crushing loads.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe gemäß der Erfindung dadurch, daß unter- und/oder oberhalb des Schutzleiters eine in einer oder mehreren geschlossenen Lagen gewickelte bandförmige Folie aus mechanisch hochfesten Kunststoffen angeordnet ist. Diese Folienbewicklung in der einen oder anderen Form führt dazu, daß bei äußerer Schlag- oder Quetscheinwirkung auf die Heizleitung das Folienmaterial an der örtlich begrenzten Stelle lediglich gedehnt wird, ja zurückfedert, wenn die Beanspruchung beendet ist. Durch das Aufbringen der bandförmigen Folie in einem außen liegenden Bereich mit gegenüber dem Bereich in Leiternähe vergrößerter Oberfläche ist über einen Längenabschnitt der Leitung eine verhältnismäßig große Menge an Folienmaterial unterzubringen, was dazu führt, daß diese Bewicklung hohe Druckbeanspruchungen auszuhalten in der Lage ist. Somit kann ein äußerer Schlag gedämpft abgefangen werden, eine Beschädigung der Isolierung ist nicht zu befürchten.This object is achieved according to the invention by that a band-shaped film made of mechanically high-strength plastics is wound underneath and / or above the protective conductor in one or more closed layers. This film wrapping in one form or another leads to the fact that, in the event of an external impact or squeezing effect on the heating line, the film material is only stretched at the locally limited point, or even springs back when the stress has ended. By applying the tape-shaped film in an external area with a larger surface compared to the area near the conductor, a relatively large amount of film material can be accommodated over a length of the line, which means that this winding is able to withstand high pressure loads. This means that an external shock can be absorbed in a dampened manner and there is no fear of damaging the insulation.
Deshalb kommt der vorliegenden Erfindung auch im Hinblick auf die für solche Kabel vorgesehene Prüfungsnorm besondere Bedeutung zu, nach der solche Heizleitungen örtlich mit einem Dorn von 6 mm Durchmesser unter einer Belastung von 1500 N 30 sec lang beansprucht werden. Durch die rückfedernden Eigenschaften der nach der Erfindung vorgesehenen Folienbewicklung genügt eine solche Leitung der Normanforderung problemlos, sie ist damit auch geeignet, mit dem vorgegebenen Sicherheitsfaktor in explosionsgefährdeten Betrieben und Anlagen eingesetzt zu werden.Therefore, the present invention is of particular importance with regard to the test standard provided for such cables, according to which such heating cables are subjected to a local load with a 6 mm diameter mandrel under a load of 1500 N for 30 seconds. Due to the resilient properties of the film winding provided according to the invention, such a line satisfies the standard requirement without any problems; it is therefore also suitable for use in explosion-prone plants and systems with the specified safety factor.
Nach der Erfindung kann die bandförmige Folie unterhalb, oberhalb oder beidseitig des Schutzleiters angeordnet sein. Eine besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die, die bandförmige Folie unterhalb des Schutzleiters anzuordnen, sie bietet damit einen sicheren Schutz der Isolierung nach einem Bruch der Drähte des Schutzleiters, gegenüber der beidseitigen Bewicklung liefert sie eine besonders kostengünstige Lösung des der Erfindung zugrundeliegenden Problems. Wesentlich für die Erfindung ist, daß die bandförmige Folie gewickelt ist, daß sie aus einem hochfesten Kunststoffmaterial besteht und daß die Bewicklung eine geschlossene Lage darstellt, um so auch punktförmig von außen einwirkende Kräfte über den gesamten Umfang der Heizleitung auffangen zu können. Hochfeste Kunststoffmaterialien sind bekannt, für die Zwecke der Erfindung haben sich z. B. Kunststoffe auf Basis Polyimide oder deren Abkömmlinge als vorteilhaft erwiesen. Aber auch solche Kunststoffe auf Basis Polyetherketone und deren Abkömmlinge sind geeignet, die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe zu lösen.According to the invention, the band-shaped film can be arranged below, above or on both sides of the protective conductor. A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is that of arranging the band-shaped film below the protective conductor; it thus offers reliable protection of the insulation after a break in the wires of the protective conductor against the winding on both sides it provides a particularly inexpensive solution to the problem on which the invention is based. It is essential for the invention that the band-shaped film is wound, that it consists of a high-strength plastic material and that the winding is a closed layer, so that forces acting in a point-like manner from the outside can be absorbed over the entire circumference of the heating line. High-strength plastic materials are known, for the purposes of the invention, for. B. plastics based on polyimides or their derivatives have proven to be advantageous. However, such plastics based on polyether ketones and their derivatives are also suitable for achieving the object on which the invention is based.
Vorteilhaft kann es mitunter auch sein, wenn in Weiterführung der Erfindung die bandförmige Folie ein- oder beidseitig beschichtet ist. Diese Beschichtung besteht zweckmäßig ebenfalls aus einem Fluorpolymeren. Beispielsweise nach einer entsprechenden Wärmebehandlung, ggf. auch durch den Wärmeinhalt des Mantels beim Aufbringen ist eine feste Verbindung zwischen den angrenzenden Schichten des Leitungsaufbaues erreicht.It may also be advantageous if, in a continuation of the invention, the band-shaped film is coated on one or both sides. This coating suitably also consists of a fluoropolymer. For example, after a corresponding heat treatment, possibly also due to the heat content of the jacket during application, a firm connection between the adjacent layers of the line structure is achieved.
Der Schutzleiter selbst kann, wie bereits ausgeführt, aus aufgeseilten oder aufgeflochtenen Einzeldrähten bestehen, als Geflecht kann hierbei ein sogenanntes Mischgeflecht aus metallischen Drähten und hochzugfesten Kunststoffäden eine vorteilhafte Anwendung finden.The protective conductor itself can, as already stated, consist of stranded or braided individual wires; a so-called mixed braid of metallic wires and high-tensile plastic threads can be used advantageously as braiding.
Im Hinblick auf das kostengünstigere Aufbringen einer Umseilung auf die Leitungsisolierung anstelle eines Geflechtes hat es sich in Durchführung der Erfindung als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, in die Aufseilung der Einzeldrähte mit gegenläufiger Umseilrichtung einen oder mehrere Kunststoffstränge aus einem hochzugfesten Material einzuflechten. Abgesehen davon, daß auf diese Weise die Umseilung auf der Oberfläche der Isolierung ähnlich einem von der Aufbringung her wesentlich aufwendigeren Geflecht sicher fixiert ist, tragen die eingeflochtenen Kunststoffstränge im Zusammenhang mit der ein- oder beidseitig des Schutzleiters angeordneten Folienbewicklung weiter dazu bei, quer zur Achsrichtung der Heizleitung wirkende äußere mechanische Kräfte von der Isolierung der Leitung fernzuhalten, so daß die Betriebssicherheit auch bei hohen Schlag- oder Quetschbeanspruchungen gewährleistet ist.With regard to the more cost-effective application of a rope to the cable insulation instead of a braid, it has proven to be particularly advantageous in carrying out the invention to braid one or more plastic strands of a high-tensile material into the rope of the individual wires with opposite rope direction. Apart from that, this way the roping on the surface of the insulation Similar to a braid that is much more complex to apply, the braided plastic strands in connection with the film winding arranged on one or both sides of the protective conductor further contribute to keeping external mechanical forces acting transversely to the axial direction of the heating line from the insulation of the line, so that operational safety is guaranteed even with high impact or crushing loads.
Die Erfindung sei anhand der in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
Zur Erhöhung der Flexibilität der Heizleitung nach der Erfindung besteht der Leiter 1 beispielsweise aus einer Anzahl einzelner Widerstandsheizdrähte. Die Isolierung ist mit 2 bezeichnet, sie besteht aus einem hochtemperaturbeständigen Werkstoff, etwa auf Basis eines Fluorpolymeren, das durch Extrusion aufgebracht ist, oder, wenn es sich bei dem Fluorpolymeren um ein Polytetrafluorethylen handelt, aus einem Folienmaterial besteht, das im ungesinterten Zustand aufgebracht und im aufgewickelten Zustand durch eine entsprechende Temperaturbehandlung gesintert wird, so daß die einzelnen Bandlagen zu einer kompakten Isolierung verschmelzen.To increase the flexibility of the heating line according to the invention, the conductor 1 consists, for example, of a number of individual resistance heating wires. The insulation is denoted by 2, it consists of a high-temperature-resistant material, for example based on a fluoropolymer, which is applied by extrusion, or, if the fluoropolymer is a polytetrafluoroethylene, consists of a film material which is applied in the unsintered state and is sintered in the wound state by an appropriate temperature treatment, so that the individual strip layers fuse to form a compact insulation.
Bei der dargestellten konzentrischen oder koaxialen Ausbildung einer elektrischen flexiblen Heizleitung ist ein Schutzleiter 3 vorgesehen, und schließlich ein Außenmantel 4, der zweckmäßig, da solche Leitungen auch im Einflußbereich aggresiver Medien eingesetzt werden, beispielsweise in der chemischen Industrie, aus einem entsprechend geeigneten Kunststoffmaterial hergestellt ist. Oft werden zudem flammenbeständige Eigenschaften verlangt, Beständigkeit bei erhöhten Temperaturen sowie gute mechanische Eigenschaften. Als Mantelmaterialien haben sich daher ebenfalls Fluorpolymere erwiesen, die in extrudierter Form aufgebracht werden oder dadurch, daß die Leitung mit aus den gleichen Materialien verwendeten bandförmigen Folien in einer oder mehreren Lagen bandiert wird. Diese Materialien stellen selbstverständlich nur eine Auswahl bekannter für die Zwecke der Erfindung geeigneter Werkstoffe dar.In the illustrated concentric or coaxial design of an electrical flexible heating line, a
Um sicherzustellen, daß die in der Fig. 1 im Querschnitt dargestellte Heizleitung auch bei Schlag- oder Quetschbeanspruchungen, d. h. durch in radialer Richtung wirkende Kräfte, nicht beschädigt, d. h. die Betriebssicherheit der Leitung nicht in Frage gestellt wird, ist oberhalb der Isolierung 2 eine Folienbewicklung 5 vorgesehen, die in einer oder mehreren geschlossenen Lagen aufgebracht ist und aus einem mechanisch hochfesten Kunststoff , beispielsweise Polyimid, besteht. Durch die Einbringung der Folienbewicklung in den Schichtenaufbau der Heizleitung vorzugsweise an dieser Stelle ist es möglich, eine hinreichende Länge an Folienmaterial unterzubringen, die radial wirkende Kräfte durch ein elastisches Auffangen unschädlich macht und damit die darunter befindliche Isolierung 2 der Leitung vor Beschädigungen bewahrt.In order to ensure that the heating line shown in cross section in FIG. 1 also in the event of impact or crushing stresses, i. H. not damaged by radial forces, d. H. the operational safety of the line is not called into question, a film winding 5 is provided above the
Die Fig. 2 zeigt eine von der Fig. 1 abweichende Variante der Erfindung. Der Heizleiter selbst, hier mit 6 bezeichnet, besteht vorteilhaft wiederum aus einzelnen Widerstandsheizdrähten zur Erhöhung der Flexibilität der Leitung. Die Isolierung 7 ist aus hochtemperaturbeständigen Kunststoffen hergestellt, beispielsweise aus solchen auf Fluorbasis, darüber befindet sich die erfindungsgemäße Bewicklung 8 aus in einer geschlossenen Lage, d. h. überlappend aufgebrachten Bändern aus mechanisch hochfesten Kunststoffen, wie sie beispielsweise unter dem Handelsnamen KAPTON® bekannt sind. Der bei solchen Heizleitungen geforderte Schutzleiter ist mit 9 bezeichnet, er besteht zur Erzielung einer weitgehenden, über den Umfang reichenden Bedeckung aus einer Umseilung aus einer Vielzahl von einzelnen Kupferdrähten, die z. B. zur Vermeidung von Korrosionen zusätzlich mit einem metallischen Werkstoff beschichtet sind. Eingeflochten in diese Drahtlage des Schutzleiters 9 sind hochzugfeste und temperaturbeständige Fäden oder Stränge 10, die im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel aufgrund des Einflechtens längs der Strecke 11 oberhalb und längs der Strecke 12 unterhalb der zum Heizleiter 6 konzentrischen Drahtlage des Schutzleiters 9 verlaufen. Abgesehen davon, daß durch dieses Einflechten der hochzugfesten Stränge 10 beispielsweise aus Fäden auf Basis Polyaramid, wie sie unter dem Handelsnamen KEVLAR® bekannt sind, eine sichere Fixierung der Einzeldrähte des Schutzleiters im Kabelaufbau auch bei hoher Biegebeanspruchung gewährleistet ist, tragen diese Stränge im Zusammenhang mit der darunter oder auch darüber befindlichen geschlossenen Folienlage weiter dazu bei, bei Schlag- oder Quetschbeanspruchungen der Leitung äußere mechanische Kräfte von der Isolierung fernzuhalten und damit auch in solchen Fällen die Betriebsfähigkeit der Heizleitung zu gewährleisten.FIG. 2 shows a variant of the invention that differs from FIG. 1. The heating conductor itself, here designated 6, advantageously consists of individual resistance heating wires to increase the flexibility of the line. The
Claims (7)
- Electrical heating cable with an electrical protective conductor (3, 9) in the form of entwined or plaited individual wires covering a conductor insulation (2, 7) of materials resistant to high temperatures, characterised in that a ribbon-like film (5, 8) of plastics with a high mechanical strength wound in one or more closed layers is disposed under and/or over the protective conductor (3, 9).
- Cable according to claim 1, characterised in that the ribbon-like film (5, 8) consists of plastics with a high strength based on polyimides or their derivatives.
- Cable according to claim 1, characterised in that the ribbon-like film (5, 8) consists of plastics with a high strength based on polyether ketones or their derivatives.
- Cable according to claim 1 or one of the following claims, characterised in that the ribbon-like film (5, 8) is coated on one or both sides.
- Cable according to claim 4, characterised in that the coating consists of an extrudable fluoropolymer.
- Cable according to claim 1 or one of the following claims with a wrapping around the protective conductor (3, 9), characterised in that a retaining coil of a plastic with a high tensile strength is applied on the wrapping around the protective conductor.
- Cable according to claim 1 or one of the following claims with a wrapping around the protective conductor (3, 9), characterised in that the wrapping around the protective conductor is secured by strands of a plastic with a high tensile strength plaited into the protective conductor (3, 9) but wrapped in the opposite direction.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4302695A DE4302695A1 (en) | 1993-02-01 | 1993-02-01 | Electric heating |
DE4302695 | 1993-02-01 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0609771A1 EP0609771A1 (en) | 1994-08-10 |
EP0609771B1 true EP0609771B1 (en) | 1997-07-16 |
Family
ID=6479328
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94101175A Revoked EP0609771B1 (en) | 1993-02-01 | 1994-01-27 | Electrical heating cable |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5521358A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0609771B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE155635T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4302695A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI108329B (en) |
NO (1) | NO940323L (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10325517A1 (en) * | 2003-06-05 | 2004-12-23 | Hew-Kabel/Cdt Gmbh & Co. Kg | Electric heating cable or heating tape |
CN103415097A (en) * | 2013-08-12 | 2013-11-27 | 芜湖市恒鑫电缆有限责任公司 | Heating cable preventing ramp of underground garage from skidding when snow melts |
Families Citing this family (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6300597B1 (en) | 1997-01-21 | 2001-10-09 | Myoung Jun Lee | Electromagnetic field shielding electric heating pad |
US6153856A (en) * | 1997-01-21 | 2000-11-28 | Lee; Myoung Jun | Low magnetic field emitting electric blanket |
US6226450B1 (en) | 1997-01-21 | 2001-05-01 | Myoung Jun Lee | Electric field shielding apparatus |
US5910266A (en) * | 1997-05-28 | 1999-06-08 | The B.F. Goodrich Company | Helical electrical heater |
US6002117A (en) * | 1998-03-10 | 1999-12-14 | Pak; Il Young | Electric heating cord with non-heating core-conducting element and reduced EMF emissions |
US6137084A (en) * | 1998-10-07 | 2000-10-24 | Thomas; Paul Douglas | Heating element for heated windshield wiper |
KR20000028327A (en) * | 1998-10-31 | 2000-05-25 | 양건호 | Face type heating element removing electromagnetic wave and method for fabricating thereof |
DE19851920A1 (en) * | 1998-11-11 | 2000-05-18 | Eilentropp Kg | Electric heating cable |
DE19858137B4 (en) * | 1998-12-16 | 2016-12-15 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Heating for heating the rinsing liquid in a dishwasher |
US6288372B1 (en) | 1999-11-03 | 2001-09-11 | Tyco Electronics Corporation | Electric cable having braidless polymeric ground plane providing fault detection |
DE10101378C2 (en) * | 2000-06-07 | 2003-04-03 | Dan Klein | Device for deriving currents |
DE10110185B9 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2013-05-02 | Eichenauer Heizelemente Gmbh & Co. Kg | Heatable expansion element |
US7223948B2 (en) * | 2002-11-15 | 2007-05-29 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag | Covered conductor and heater formed therewith |
JP4055125B2 (en) * | 2002-12-24 | 2008-03-05 | 日本光電工業株式会社 | Coaxial cable and transmission transformer using the same |
US20060218778A1 (en) * | 2005-04-04 | 2006-10-05 | Govindaraj Jawahar | Flexible conducting thread |
US7220947B2 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-05-22 | Global Heating Solutions, Inc. | Pipe heater |
DE102006025269A1 (en) * | 2006-05-31 | 2007-12-06 | Nexans | Flexible electrical cable |
JP5874384B2 (en) * | 2011-01-07 | 2016-03-02 | 日立金属株式会社 | cable |
US9706605B2 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2017-07-11 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Substrate support with feedthrough structure |
CN103411252A (en) * | 2013-08-07 | 2013-11-27 | 芜湖市恒鑫电缆有限责任公司 | Temperature-resistant heating netted mat |
CN104185322A (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2014-12-03 | 芜湖市恒鑫电缆有限责任公司 | Safe geothermal heating cable |
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US4617449A (en) * | 1981-10-22 | 1986-10-14 | Ricwil, Incorporated | Heating device for utilizing the skin effect of alternating current |
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DE8435742U1 (en) * | 1984-12-06 | 1985-04-04 | Schmidt, Hans, 5165 Hürtgenwald | ELECTRIC HEATING PIPE |
US4551619A (en) * | 1985-01-22 | 1985-11-05 | Lefebvre Fredrick L | Cable structure for immersion heaters or the like |
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-
1993
- 1993-02-01 DE DE4302695A patent/DE4302695A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1994
- 1994-01-27 AT AT94101175T patent/ATE155635T1/en active
- 1994-01-27 EP EP94101175A patent/EP0609771B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1994-01-27 DE DE59403333T patent/DE59403333D1/en not_active Revoked
- 1994-01-31 US US08/189,437 patent/US5521358A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-01-31 NO NO940323A patent/NO940323L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-02-01 FI FI940470A patent/FI108329B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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US4617449A (en) * | 1981-10-22 | 1986-10-14 | Ricwil, Incorporated | Heating device for utilizing the skin effect of alternating current |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10325517A1 (en) * | 2003-06-05 | 2004-12-23 | Hew-Kabel/Cdt Gmbh & Co. Kg | Electric heating cable or heating tape |
US7220916B2 (en) | 2003-06-05 | 2007-05-22 | Hew-Kabel/Cdt Gmbh & Co: Kg | Electric heating cable or tape having insulating sheaths that are arranged in a layered structure |
CN103415097A (en) * | 2013-08-12 | 2013-11-27 | 芜湖市恒鑫电缆有限责任公司 | Heating cable preventing ramp of underground garage from skidding when snow melts |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI108329B (en) | 2001-12-31 |
DE59403333D1 (en) | 1997-08-21 |
FI940470A0 (en) | 1994-02-01 |
EP0609771A1 (en) | 1994-08-10 |
DE4302695A1 (en) | 1994-08-04 |
NO940323D0 (en) | 1994-01-31 |
ATE155635T1 (en) | 1997-08-15 |
US5521358A (en) | 1996-05-28 |
FI940470A (en) | 1994-08-02 |
NO940323L (en) | 1994-08-02 |
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