EP2113927B1 - Semiconductive winding tape comprising polytetrafluoroethylene - Google Patents

Semiconductive winding tape comprising polytetrafluoroethylene Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2113927B1
EP2113927B1 EP09004145.0A EP09004145A EP2113927B1 EP 2113927 B1 EP2113927 B1 EP 2113927B1 EP 09004145 A EP09004145 A EP 09004145A EP 2113927 B1 EP2113927 B1 EP 2113927B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
winding
tape
winding tape
polytetrafluoroethylene
conductive
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EP09004145.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2113927A1 (en
EP2113927B9 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Dlugas
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HEW Kabel GmbH and Co KG
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HEW Kabel GmbH and Co KG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
    • H01B3/443—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylhalogenides or other halogenoethylenic compounds
    • H01B3/445—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylhalogenides or other halogenoethylenic compounds from vinylfluorides or other fluoroethylenic compounds

Definitions

  • the present invention is a non-sintered winding tape consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene with a plano-convex cross-sectional shape, which is determined by a curved upper and a substantially straight lower boundary line, for the production of compact or at least after a partial sintering of the strip material of the winding layers self-supporting sheaths for electrical cables and lines ,
  • the invention has the object to develop the known as insulating tapes in the field of electrical cables and lines new applications.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in that the unsintered winding tape contains in powder form present polytetrafluoroethylene, lubricants or lubricants and conductive fillers for forming a semiconductive winding tape.
  • the object is further achieved for an electrical coaxial cable with a semiconducting compact, optionally self-supporting shell in the layer structure, produced using such unsintered winding tape.
  • polytetrafluoroethylene also includes tetrafluoroethylene polymers which are provided with modifying additives, but in such an amount that
  • the polymer such as the polytetrafluoroethylene itself, is not processable from the melt.
  • polytetrafluoroethylene with conductive fillers, such as metal powder, carbon black, silicon, graphite or similar substances having a suitable conductivity.
  • conductive fillers such as metal powder, carbon black, silicon, graphite or similar substances having a suitable conductivity.
  • the modified polytetrafluoroethylene in contrast to the invention is used in electric hotplates ( GB 2 407 747A ), electromagnetic shielding of electronic equipment ( EP 0 860 834 A2 ), in diffusion membranes ( US 2005/0173244 A1 ) or mechanical sliding bearings for buildings and bridges in earthquake-prone areas ( US 6,289,640B1 ).
  • the same or similar fillers are also used as flame retardants for the insulation of electrical cables, but as an insulating material from the invention melt-deformable fluoropolymers are used.
  • conductive fillers have also been added to the powdered polytetrafluoroethylene and strips have been produced by a so-called paste extrusion with subsequent rolling of the preform with a one-sided or double-sided surface conductivity ( WO 2006/117679 A2 ).
  • These bands which also have a rectangular cross-sectional shape are used in the sintered state of the strip material, for example, as a shield in electrical cables.
  • the rectangular shape of the known, for a shield already already sintered bands leads in the overlap region of the band edges to unavoidable air inclusions in the winding body, a uniform current distribution over the cross section in the axial direction of the cable or across, can not be achieved.
  • discontinuities occur in the region of the overlapping strip edges, which in combination with the air inclusions in the interior do not allow an optimal shielding effect or uniform current distribution in the conductive tape roll itself.
  • the proportion of conductive fillers in the polytetrafluoroethylene powder is from 1.5 to 30% by weight, preferably from 2 to 20% by weight. This results in advantageous surface resistances of the inventive unsintered winding tapes of 10 ohms / mm 2 to 10 MOhm / mm 2 .
  • a band thickness of 20 to 200 .mu.m, preferably 40 to 160 .mu.m is essential for a good shielding action of winding diapers, the band thickness decreasing to 5 .mu.m and less towards the band edges or towards the edge of the band.
  • the width of the band according to the invention should be 5 to 50 mm, preferably 10 to 30 mm.
  • the shielding of an electric field achieved by the invention is effective over a wide temperature range of -100 ° C to + 200 ° C and even above.
  • a winding consisting of the winding tape according to the invention finds an advantageous application in the area of coaxial high-frequency cables.
  • the insulation materials used in the layer structure of such cables for transmitting high-frequency signals, low or high melting polymers one will form the winding tape according to the invention as a compact winding body or after a partial or complete sintering of the strip material between 300 and 400 ° C to a self-supporting shell to shape.
  • Heating cable of the type mentioned which have also found under the name Schu fringen or heating tapes input into the art are used for many years, for example, as so-called.
  • RohrbegleitMaponne to prevent freezing of the conveyed in the pipes media or to ensure that the media keep the required for their transport own temperatures.
  • Also for steam-purged pipes or piping systems provide so-called.
  • Heat tracing for the temperature maintenance or for an increase in temperature.
  • the heating of piping systems is also a problem in aircraft construction, where it is important to ensure adequate frost protection for the water pipes in the aircraft when the aircraft is exposed to extreme outside temperatures on long flights.
  • the invention offers the possibility to improve the thermal load capacity of known heating elements and, above all, to ensure that the heating cable, the heating cable or the heating cable is not damaged or destroyed by short-term temperature overload. This leads to a considerable increase in energy consumption Operational safety of heating cables with heating conductors made of semiconducting plastics.
  • the electrical conductors can be performed parallel to each other in the heating cable according to the invention. This is particularly advantageous when a flat heating cable is required for certain applications, such as for the pipe trace heating, so the heating cable so rather has the shape of a band.
  • Another advantageous embodiment of the invention is when the electrical conductors are stranded together in the heating cable. Thus, this embodiment corresponds more to today's conventional heating cables with a central electrical resistance heating conductor in a coaxial design.
  • the heat generating semiconducting, still unsintered PTFE tape is in one or more layers about each of the.
  • Power supply provided uninsulated electrical conductor, the so-called. PTC thermistor, wound around so that the uppermost layers of the PTFE winding of the adjacent adjacent parallel or stranded conductors contact each other.
  • PTC thermistor wound around so that the uppermost layers of the PTFE winding of the adjacent adjacent parallel or stranded conductors contact each other.
  • the individual conductors wound with the semiconducting tape made of polytetrafluoroethylene additionally are surrounded by a winding common to all conductors from the semiconducting tape according to the invention.
  • a particularly smooth, self-contained surface of the semiconductive winding results.
  • the electrical properties of the polymer matrix according to the invention corresponds at least to those of known heating cables, but compared to this it has a much higher heat resistance, ie, it is higher current-carrying and also easily withstands short-term temperature overloads.
  • the winding of the semiconducting PTFE tape surrounded by a protective conductor in the form of stranded or - plaited metallic wires is covered by an outer jacket in the form of a winding made of an insulating PTFE tape, which is likewise subjected to a sintering process following the winding process.
  • the winding tape to achieve the desired quality features on a special, namely a plano-convex cross-sectional shape.
  • a cross-sectional shape requires that it has a reinforced central region that slopes down to either side, i.e., towards the band edges, to a minimum ribbon thickness.
  • the secure bonding or welding of the individual strip layers during the sintering process, including the extremely thin strip edges, also results in a substantial increase in bending fatigue strength. This applies to both the semiconducting and the known insulating PTFE tapes according to the invention, which are used in the heating cable according to the invention.
  • the semiconducting properties of the polytetrafluoroethylene winding tape used in the invention for producing a semiconductive polymer matrix or for producing semiconductive compact tape windings are achieved by the conductive fillers mentioned, such as carbon black, graphite, metal oxides and the like, which according to another inventive concept together with the PTFE powder and the usual lubricants or lubricants and pressed into a cylindrical blank. Subsequently, this blank is expedient pressed to a strand of smaller external dimensions, such as a round cord, and finally rolled in the mold gap of a pair of rollers to form a strip, wherein the surface of at least one roller is deformed during the Auswalzens the round cord to the conductive band under pressure.
  • the conductive fillers mentioned such as carbon black, graphite, metal oxides and the like
  • the pressure load of the conductive round cord takes place in the radial direction in such a way that the material quantity of polytetrafluoroethylene powder, lubricant or lubricant and conductive fillers remaining in the pressure-loaded middle region of the round cord is greater than the amount of material remaining toward the band edges.
  • This type of forming a round cord to the winding tape according to the invention avoids the disadvantageous orientation of the material particles in only one direction.
  • the invention is based on the in the FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrated embodiments explained in more detail. It shows the Fig.1 a flat heating cable in which two live uninsulated electrical conductors are embedded in a semiconductive polymer matrix, while in the Fig.2 a particularly low-noise electrical coaxial high-frequency cable is shown as an embodiment of the invention.
  • the conductors 1 are each enclosed by a winding 2 of the unsintered, by a carbon black content of, for example 5% semiconducting PTFE tapes with the plano-convex cross-sectional shape, which applied in the unsintered state of the strip material on the conductor 1, preferably with overlap, for example up to 50% , And sintered in the wound state by an appropriate temperature treatment at about 350 ° C - 400 ° C.
  • the wire pair consisting of the two adjacent conductors 1 is designated 3, the current-carrying conductors 1 are electrically conductively connected to one another via their respective windings 2.
  • the wire pair 3 with a further winding 4 also from the semiconducting PTFE tapes special cross-sectional shape provided so results after a sintering process and thereby taking place shrinkage of the strip material, a compact matrix of the windings 2 and 4 of semiconductive polytetrafluoroethylene, in which the two current-carrying conductors 1 are embedded.
  • band winding 5 made of an insulating PTFE tape, which in turn is applied in the unsintered state and subjected as a wound layer to a sintering process with appropriate temperature treatment, so that the individual tape layers weld to a compact insulation.
  • the protective conductor prescribed in such heating cables for safety reasons is designated 6, it consists in obtaining a substantial, circumferentially extending covering of a plurality of individual copper wires, e.g. To avoid corrosion are additionally coated with a suitable metallic material.
  • the outer jacket 7 of the heating cable according to the invention consists of a winding of insulating PTFE tapes, which are first applied to the protective conductor 6 in an unsintered state for compacting the individual tape turns or layers and to achieve a closed and smooth surface, before the PTFE material of the tapes subjected to a sintering process.
  • the heating cable according to the invention can be used without problems for a temperature range of -190 ° C to + 260 ° C.
  • the heating cable according to the invention allows short-term temperature overloads, without short circuits in the cable due to melting polymer material being feared.
  • This heating cable has a high mechanical strength and a high cold resistance, in addition, it is stable even at high operating temperatures.
  • the operating voltage of this heating cable is 600 V.
  • a coaxial high-frequency cable with a maximum outer diameter of only 3.2 mm
  • the existing example of copper inner conductor 8 may be solid, but it may also consist of a plurality of stranded individual conductors, such as silver-plated or galvanized copper wires exist. This is particularly advantageous if a high flexibility of the cable is required. Because of the possible use of the cable constructed according to the invention in one Temperature range between -100 ° C and +200 ° C, the insulation 9 is made of a fluoropolymer.
  • This may be a melt-processable fluoropolymer, eg, a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (TFA / PFA), a tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), or even a polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethyl vinyl ether (MFA) or other suitable known meltable fluoropolymer.
  • FFA tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer
  • FEP tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
  • MFA polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethyl vinyl ether
  • the insulation 9 is covered by a winding 10 of the semiconductive winding tape of polytetrafluoroethylene according to the invention, which contains 15% conductive fillers in the embodiment.
  • This winding 10 is crucial for the reduction of the noise voltage of this high-frequency cable, the winding 10 is covered by a first braid 11 of metallic wires, such as silver-plated copper wires.
  • Intermediate jacket it consists of a layer of one of the melt processable fluoropolymer, for example from a FEP.
  • This intermediate casing 13 is enclosed by a second braid 14, which in the exemplary embodiment is constructed like the braid 11.
  • the cable shown is protected to the outside by the jacket 15, for example, again from a tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP).
  • FEP tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer
  • the winding 10 directly surrounds the inner conductor 8 or is arranged so that it contacts the braid 11 and or 14.
  • the equipped with the semiconductive winding tape according to the invention coaxial high-frequency cable is characterized by an extremely uniform over the cable length characteristic impedance of 50 ohms at 20 ° C and excellent noise properties.
  • the reduction of the noise voltage is due to the fact that the use of the semiconductive winding band with its plano-convex cross-sectional shape ensures a compact sheath (10), which experiences no diameter fluctuations over the cable length with a smooth and closed, practically bum-free surface in the region of the overlapping band edges.

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  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)

Description

Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein aus Polytetrafluorethylen bestehendes ungesintertes Wickelband mit einer plankonvexen Querschnittsform, die bestimmt ist durch eine gekrümmte obere und eine weitgehend gerade untere Begrenzungslinie, zur Herstellung von kompakten oder mindestens nach einer Teilsinterung des Bandmaterials der Wickellagen selbsttragenden Hüllen für elektrische Kabel und Leitungen.The present invention is a non-sintered winding tape consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene with a plano-convex cross-sectional shape, which is determined by a curved upper and a substantially straight lower boundary line, for the production of compact or at least after a partial sintering of the strip material of the winding layers self-supporting sheaths for electrical cables and lines ,

Zur Isolierung elektrischer Leiter sind bereits Wickelbänder der genannten Art aus Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE) bekannt ( DE 32 14 447C2 ). Der Vorteil dieser Wickelbänder gegenüber bekannten Bändern mit einer rechteckigen Querschnittsform ist u.a. der, dass sich für den Wickelkörper glatte und dichte Oberflächen erreichen lassen. Zudem ist ein Aufreißen der Isolierung im Überlappungsbereich der Bandkanten vermieden.For insulating electrical conductors already winding tapes of the type mentioned from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are known ( DE 32 14 447 C2 ). The advantage of this winding tapes over known tapes with a rectangular cross-sectional shape is, inter alia, that can be achieved for the winding body smooth and dense surfaces. In addition, a tearing of the insulation in the overlapping region of the strip edges is avoided.

Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, den als Isolierwerkstoffe bekannten Wickelbändem im Bereich elektrischer Kabel und Leitungen neue Anwendungsbereiche zu erschließen. Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe gemäß der Erfindung dadurch, dass das ungesinterte Wickelband in Pulverform vorliegendes Polytetrafluorethylen, Schmier- oder Gleitmittel und leitfähige Füllstoffe enthält zum Ausbilden eines halbleitenden Wickelbandes. Die Aufgabe wird ferner gelöst für ein elektrisches Koaxialkabel mit einer halbleitenden kompakten, ggf. selbsttragenden Hülle im Schichtenaufbau, hergestellt unter Verwendung eines solchen ungesinterten Wickelbandes. Die auf diese Weise halbleitenden ungesinterten PTFE-Wickelbänder mit der genannten plankonvexen Querschnittsform sind geeignet, Umhüllungen oder Schichten im Aufbau elektrischer Kabel und Leitungen herzustellen, bei denen es auf eine besonders gleichmäßige Stromverteilung ohne Unstetigkeitsstellen an der Oberfläche oder im Inneren der leitfähigen Schichten ankommt. Die Bezeichnung Polytetrafluorethylen schließt dabei auch Tetrafluorethylen-Polymere ein, die mit modifizierenden Zusätzen versehen sind, jedoch in einer solchen Menge, dassBased on this state of the art, the invention has the object to develop the known as insulating tapes in the field of electrical cables and lines new applications. This object is achieved according to the invention in that the unsintered winding tape contains in powder form present polytetrafluoroethylene, lubricants or lubricants and conductive fillers for forming a semiconductive winding tape. The object is further achieved for an electrical coaxial cable with a semiconducting compact, optionally self-supporting shell in the layer structure, produced using such unsintered winding tape. The thus semiconductive unfired PTFE winding tapes with said plano-convex cross-sectional shape are suitable for producing sheaths or layers in the construction of electrical cables and lines which require a particularly uniform current distribution without discontinuities at the surface or in the interior of the conductive layers. The term polytetrafluoroethylene also includes tetrafluoroethylene polymers which are provided with modifying additives, but in such an amount that

das Polymere, wie das Polytetrafluorethylen selbst, aus der Schmelze nicht verarbeitbar ist.the polymer, such as the polytetrafluoroethylene itself, is not processable from the melt.

Bekannt ist es an sich bereits, dem Werkstoff Polytetrafluorethylen auch leitfähige Füllstoffe, wie Metallpulver, Ruß, Silizium, Graphit oder ähnliche Stoffe mit einer geeigneten Leitfähigkeit zuzumischen. Das so modifizierte Polytetrafluorethylen findet im Gegensatz zur Erfindung jedoch Anwendung bei elektrischen Kochplatten ( GB 2 407 747A ), bei elektromagnetischen Abschirmungen von Elektronikeinrichtungen ( EP 0 860 834 A2 ), bei Diffusionsmembranen ( US 2005/0173244 A1 ) oder für mechanische Gleitlager für Gebäude und Brücken in Erdbeben gefährdeten Gebieten ( US 6,289,640B1 ). Gleiche oder ähnliche Füllstoffe werden auch verwendet als Flammschutzmittel für die Isolierung elektrischer Kabel, wobei als Isoliermaterial jedoch abweichend von der Erfindung aus der Schmelze verformbare Fluorpolymere verwendet werden.It is already known per se to admix the material polytetrafluoroethylene with conductive fillers, such as metal powder, carbon black, silicon, graphite or similar substances having a suitable conductivity. The modified polytetrafluoroethylene, however, in contrast to the invention is used in electric hotplates ( GB 2 407 747A ), electromagnetic shielding of electronic equipment ( EP 0 860 834 A2 ), in diffusion membranes ( US 2005/0173244 A1 ) or mechanical sliding bearings for buildings and bridges in earthquake-prone areas ( US 6,289,640B1 ). The same or similar fillers are also used as flame retardants for the insulation of electrical cables, but as an insulating material from the invention melt-deformable fluoropolymers are used.

Man hat aber auch schon dem in Pulverform vorliegenden Polytetrafluorethylen neben den für die Verarbeitung des PTFE notwendigen Schmier- oder Gleitmitteln leitfähige Füllstoffe zugemischt und durch eine sogenannte Pastenextrusion mit anschließendem Auswalzen der Vorform Bänder mit einer ein- oder beidseitigen Oberflächenleitfähigkeit hergestellt ( WO 2006/117679 A2 ). Diese Bänder, die zudem eine rechteckige Querschnittsform aufweisen, werden im gesinterten Zustand des Bandmaterials z.B. als Abschirmung in elektrischen Kabeln verwendet..However, in addition to the lubricants or lubricants necessary for the processing of the PTFE, conductive fillers have also been added to the powdered polytetrafluoroethylene and strips have been produced by a so-called paste extrusion with subsequent rolling of the preform with a one-sided or double-sided surface conductivity ( WO 2006/117679 A2 ). These bands, which also have a rectangular cross-sectional shape are used in the sintered state of the strip material, for example, as a shield in electrical cables.

Die Rechteckform der bekannten, für eine Abschirmung auch schon bereits gesinterten, Bänder führt jedoch im Überlappungsbereich der Bandkanten zu unvermeidbaren Lufteinschlüssen im Wickelkörper, eine gleichmäßige Stromverteilung über den Querschnitt in Achsrichtung des Kabel oder quer dazu, lässt sich so nicht erreichen. Zudem ergeben sich an der Oberfläche des Wickelkörpers Unstetigkeitsstellen im Bereich der überlappenden Bandkanten, die im Zusammenhang mit den Lufteinschlüssen im Inneren eine optimale Schirmwirkung oder gleichmäßige Stromverteilung im leitfähigen Bandwickel selbst nicht zulassen.The rectangular shape of the known, for a shield already already sintered bands, however, leads in the overlap region of the band edges to unavoidable air inclusions in the winding body, a uniform current distribution over the cross section in the axial direction of the cable or across, can not be achieved. In addition, at the surface of the wound body, discontinuities occur in the region of the overlapping strip edges, which in combination with the air inclusions in the interior do not allow an optimal shielding effect or uniform current distribution in the conductive tape roll itself.

In Durchführung der Erfindung beträgt der Anteil der leitfähigen Füllstoffe im Polytetrafluorethylenpulver 1,5 bis 30 Gew.%, vorzugsweise 2 bis 20 Gew.%. Damit ergeben sich vorteilhafte Oberflächenwiderstände der erfindungsgemäßen ungesinterten Wickelbänder von 10 Ohm/mm2 bis 10 MOhm/mm2.In the practice of the invention, the proportion of conductive fillers in the polytetrafluoroethylene powder is from 1.5 to 30% by weight, preferably from 2 to 20% by weight. This results in advantageous surface resistances of the inventive unsintered winding tapes of 10 ohms / mm 2 to 10 MOhm / mm 2 .

Wesentlich für eine gute Schirmwirkung von Wickeltagen aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Wickelband ist neben der Querschnittsform auch eine Banddicke von 20 bis 200 µm, vorzugsweise 40 bis 160 µm, wobei die Banddicke zu den Bandkanten bzw. zum Rand des Bandes hin auf 5 µm und weniger abnimmt. Zur Schaffung optimaler Verhältnisse sollte die Breite des Bandes nach der Erfindung 5 bis 50 mm, vorzugsweise 10 bis 30 mm betragen.In addition to the cross-sectional shape, a band thickness of 20 to 200 .mu.m, preferably 40 to 160 .mu.m, is essential for a good shielding action of winding diapers, the band thickness decreasing to 5 .mu.m and less towards the band edges or towards the edge of the band. To create optimal conditions, the width of the band according to the invention should be 5 to 50 mm, preferably 10 to 30 mm.

Durch die Einbettung leitfähiger Füllstoffe in eine hochwärmebeständige Polymermatrix ist die durch die Erfindung erzielte Schirmung eines elektrischen Feldes in einem weiten Temperaturbereich von -100 °C bis +200 °C und sogar darüber wirksam. Das ist ein weiterer Grund dafür, dass eine aus dem Wickelband nach der Erfindung bestehende Bewicklung eine vorteilhafte Anwendung im Bereich koaxialer Hochfrequenzkabel findet. Je nach den im Schichtenaufbau solcher Kabel zur Übertragung hochfrequenter Signale verwendeten Isolierwerkstoffen, niedrig oder hochschmelzende Polymere, wird man das Wickelband nach der Erfindung als kompakten Wickelkörper ausbilden oder nach einer Teil- oder vollständigen Sinterung des Bandmaterials zwischen 300 und 400 °C zu einer selbsttragenden Hülle formen. Die einzelnen Bandlagen sowie die durch die gewählte Bandquerschnittsform extrem dünnen Kanten oder Ränder des Wickelbandes verschweißen bei den Sintertemperaturen und unter dem Einfluss des dabei wirksam werdenden Schrumpfdruckes zu einer hohlraumfreien, dichten Hülle.By embedding conductive fillers in a highly heat-resistant polymer matrix, the shielding of an electric field achieved by the invention is effective over a wide temperature range of -100 ° C to + 200 ° C and even above. This is another reason why a winding consisting of the winding tape according to the invention finds an advantageous application in the area of coaxial high-frequency cables. Depending on the insulation materials used in the layer structure of such cables for transmitting high-frequency signals, low or high melting polymers, one will form the winding tape according to the invention as a compact winding body or after a partial or complete sintering of the strip material between 300 and 400 ° C to a self-supporting shell to shape. The individual band layers as well as the extremely thin edges or edges due to the selected band cross-sectional shape At the sintering temperatures and under the influence of the shrinkage pressure acting on the edges of the wrapping tape, they weld together to form a void-free, sealed casing.

Diese Kompaktierung der einzelnen Wickellagen bei Sintertemperaturen und der dabei durch das erfindungsgemäße Wickelband und den Schrumpfprozess erfolgenden gleichmäßigen Verteilung der leitfähigen Füllstoffe über die Kabellänge und den Kabelquerschnitt führt zu einer weiteren besonders vorteilhaften Anwendung des Wickelbandes, nämlich für Wärme erzeugende Heizkabel, und insbesondere bei solchen, die in einem Temperaturbereich von -190°C bis +260 °C einsetzbar sind und bei denen mindestens zwei elektrische Leiter durch ein Wärme erzeugendes Heizelement aus halbleitenden Kunststoffen elektrisch leitend miteinander verbunden sind.This compaction of the individual winding layers at sintering temperatures and thereby by the winding tape according to the invention and the shrinking process the uniform distribution of the conductive fillers over the cable length and the cable cross-section leads to a further particularly advantageous application of the winding band, namely for heat-generating heating cables, and especially for those which can be used in a temperature range of -190 ° C to + 260 ° C and in which at least two electrical conductors are electrically conductively connected to each other by a heat generating heating element made of semiconducting plastics.

Heizkabel der genannten Art, die auch unter der Bezeichnung Heizleitungen oder Heizbänder Eingang in die Technik gefunden haben, werden seit vielen Jahren beispielsweise als sog. Rohrbegleitheizungen eingesetzt, um ein Einfrieren der in den Rohren geförderten Medien zu verhindern oder dafür zu sorgen, dass die Medien die für ihren Transport benötigten Eigentemperaturen behalten. Auch für dampfgespülte Rohre oder Rohrsysteme sorgen sog. Begleitheizungen für den Temperaturerhalt oder für eine Temperaturerhöhung.Heating cable of the type mentioned, which have also found under the name Heizleitungen or heating tapes input into the art are used for many years, for example, as so-called. Rohrbegleitheizungen to prevent freezing of the conveyed in the pipes media or to ensure that the media keep the required for their transport own temperatures. Also for steam-purged pipes or piping systems provide so-called. Heat tracing for the temperature maintenance or for an increase in temperature.

Die Beheizung von Rohrleitungssystemen ist auch ein Problem im Flugzeugbau, wo es darauf ankommt, einen ausreichenden Frostschutz für die im Flugzeug befindlichen Wasserleitungen zu gewährleisten, wenn das Flugzeug auf langen Flügen extremen Außentemperaturen ausgesetzt ist.
In allen diesen Fällen bietet die Errfindung die Möglichkeit, die thermische Belastbarkeit bekannter Heizelemente zu verbessern und vor allem dafür zu sorgen, dass das Heizkabel, die Heizleitung oder das Heizband, durch kurzfristige Temperaturüberlastung nicht geschädigt oder zerstört wird.Dies führt zu einer erheblichen Steigerung der Betriebssicherheit von Heizkabeln mit Heizleitern aus halbleitenden Kunststoffen.The heating of piping systems is also a problem in aircraft construction, where it is important to ensure adequate frost protection for the water pipes in the aircraft when the aircraft is exposed to extreme outside temperatures on long flights.
In all these cases, the invention offers the possibility to improve the thermal load capacity of known heating elements and, above all, to ensure that the heating cable, the heating cable or the heating cable is not damaged or destroyed by short-term temperature overload. This leads to a considerable increase in energy consumption Operational safety of heating cables with heating conductors made of semiconducting plastics.

Die elektrischen Leiter können im Heizkabel nach der Erfindung parallel zueinander geführt sein. Das ist insbesondere dann vorteilhaft, wenn für bestimmte Anwendungszwecke, etwa für die Rohrbegleitheizung, ein flaches Heizkabel gefordert wird, das Heizkabel also eher die Form eines Bandes aufweist. Eine andere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die, wenn die elektrischen Leiter im Heizkabel miteinander verseilt sind. Damit entspricht diese Ausführungsform eher den heute üblichen Heizkabeln mit einem zentralen elektrischen Widerstands-Heizleiter in koaxialer Ausführung.The electrical conductors can be performed parallel to each other in the heating cable according to the invention. This is particularly advantageous when a flat heating cable is required for certain applications, such as for the pipe trace heating, so the heating cable so rather has the shape of a band. Another advantageous embodiment of the invention is when the electrical conductors are stranded together in the heating cable. Thus, this embodiment corresponds more to today's conventional heating cables with a central electrical resistance heating conductor in a coaxial design.

In Durchführung der Erfindung ist das die Wärme erzeugende halbleitende, noch ungesinterte PTFE Band in einer oder mehren Lagen um jeden der zur. Stromversorgung vorgesehenen unisolierten elektrischen Leiter, der sog. Kaltleiter, derart herumgewickelt, dass die obersten Lagen der PTFE Bewicklung der jeweils benachbarten parallel geführten oder miteinander verseilten Leiter einander kontaktieren.
Um sicherzustellen, dass die elektrischen Leiter über ihre halbleitende Umwicklung nicht nur eine punkt- oder linienförmige Berührung untereinander aufweisen, sie vielmehr in einer halbleitenden PTFE Matrix eingebettet sind, ist nach der Erfindung ferner vorgesehen, dass die mit dem halbleitenden Band aus Polytetrafluorethylen umwickelten Einzelleiter zusätzlich von einer allen Leitern gemeinsamen Bewicklung aus dem halbleitenden Band nach der Erfindung umgeben sind. Wird dann entsprechend der Erfindung zur Herstellung einer selbsttragenden Hülle der PTFE Werkstoff der Bewicklungen der Einzelleiter sowie der bewickelten Leiter insgesamt durch eine Temperaturbehandlung gesintert, ergibt sich durch den Schrumpfvorgang des PTFE Werkstoffes beim Sinterprozess eine kompakte Polymermatrix, in der die Strom führenden elektrischen Leiter eingebettet sind. Zudem ergibt sich beim Sintern des Bandmaterials durch das Auslaufen der Bandkanten in den Überlappungsbereich hinein eine besonders glatte, in sich geschlossene Oberfläche der halbleitenden Bewicklung. Von den elektrischen Eigenschaften her entspricht die erfindungsgemäße Polymermatrix mindestens denen bekannter Heizkabel, diesen gegenüber weist sie jedoch eine wesentlich höhere Wärmestandfestigkeit auf, d.h., sie ist höher strombelastbar und widersteht darüber hinaus problemlos kurzfristigen Temperaturüberlastungen.In the practice of the invention, the heat generating semiconducting, still unsintered PTFE tape is in one or more layers about each of the. Power supply provided uninsulated electrical conductor, the so-called. PTC thermistor, wound around so that the uppermost layers of the PTFE winding of the adjacent adjacent parallel or stranded conductors contact each other.
In order to ensure that the electrical conductors not only have a point or line contact with one another via their semiconductive winding, but are also embedded in a semiconducting PTFE matrix, according to the invention it is additionally provided that the individual conductors wound with the semiconducting tape made of polytetrafluoroethylene additionally are surrounded by a winding common to all conductors from the semiconducting tape according to the invention. Is then sintered according to the invention for producing a self-supporting shell of the PTFE material of the windings of the individual conductors and the wound conductors as a whole by a temperature treatment, resulting from the shrinkage of the PTFE material during the sintering process, a compact polymer matrix in which the current-carrying electrical conductors are embedded , In addition, during the sintering of the strip material due to the leakage of the strip edges into the overlapping area, a particularly smooth, self-contained surface of the semiconductive winding results. The electrical properties of the polymer matrix according to the invention corresponds at least to those of known heating cables, but compared to this it has a much higher heat resistance, ie, it is higher current-carrying and also easily withstands short-term temperature overloads.

Wie bei bekannten Heizkabeln auch ist der Heizleiter mechanisch zu schützen. In Weiterführung der Erfindung kann deshalb auf der gemeinsamen Bewicklung aus dem halbleitenden PTFE Band eine oder mehrere Lagen eines isolierenden PTFE Bandes angeordnet sein. Auch dieses PTFE Band wird in gewickeltem Zustand einem Sinterprozess unterworfen, der zu einer starken Schrumpfung der PTFE Bewicklung und damit zu deren Kompaktierung sowie zu einem dichten und festen Aufliegen auf der darunter befindlichen halbleitenden PTFE Bandbewicklung führt..As with known heating cables and the heating element is mechanically protected. In continuation of the invention can therefore be arranged on the common winding of the semiconducting PTFE tape one or more layers of an insulating PTFE tape. This PTFE tape is also subjected to a sintering process in the wound state, which leads to a strong shrinkage of the PTFE winding and thus to its compaction and to a dense and firm contact with the semiconductive PTFE tape winding underneath.

Zur Vermeidung von Unfallgefahren, beispielsweise auch durch Kurzschluss im elektrisch leitende Teil innerhalb des Heizkabels, ist die Bewicklung aus dem halbleitenden PTFE Band von einem Schutzleiter in Form aufgeseilter oder - geflochtener metallischer Drähte umgeben. Überdeckt wird dieser Schutzleiter nach der Erfindung von einem äußeren Mantel in Form einer Bewicklung aus einem isolierenden PTFE Band, das ebenfalls im Anschluß an den Wickelvorgang einem Sinterprozess unterworfen wird.To avoid the risk of accidents, for example, by short circuit in the electrically conductive part within the heating cable, the winding of the semiconducting PTFE tape surrounded by a protective conductor in the form of stranded or - plaited metallic wires. This protective conductor according to the invention is covered by an outer jacket in the form of a winding made of an insulating PTFE tape, which is likewise subjected to a sintering process following the winding process.

Nach der Erfindung weist das Wickelband zur Erzielung der gewünschten Qualitätsmerkmale eine besondere, nämlich eine plankonvexe Querschnittsform auf. Bei einer solchen Querschnittsform kommt es darauf an, dass sie einen verstärkten mittleren Bereich aufweist, der nach beiden Seiten, d.h., zu den Bandkanten hin, flach abfällt und zwar auf eine minimale Banddicke. Durch die beim Sinterprozess sichere Verklebung oder Verschweissung der einzelnen Bandlagen, einschließlich der extrem dünnen Bandkanten, untereinander, ergibt sich auch eine wesentliche Erhöhung der Biegewechselfestigkeit. Das gilt sowohl für die erfindungsgemäßen halbleitenden als auch für die bekannten isolierenden PTFE Bänder, die bei dem Heizkabel nach der Erfindung eingesetzt werden.According to the invention, the winding tape to achieve the desired quality features on a special, namely a plano-convex cross-sectional shape. Such a cross-sectional shape requires that it has a reinforced central region that slopes down to either side, i.e., towards the band edges, to a minimum ribbon thickness. The secure bonding or welding of the individual strip layers during the sintering process, including the extremely thin strip edges, also results in a substantial increase in bending fatigue strength. This applies to both the semiconducting and the known insulating PTFE tapes according to the invention, which are used in the heating cable according to the invention.

Die halbleitenden Eigenschaften des nach der Erfindung verwendeten Wickelbandes aus Polytetrafluorethylen zur Herstellung einer halbleitenden Polymermatrix oder zur Herstellung halbleitender kompakter Bandwickel werden erreicht durch die erwähnten leitfähigen Füllstoffe, wie Ruß, Graphit, Metalloxide und dergl., die nach einem weiteren Erfindungsgedanken zusammen mit dem PTFE Pulver und den üblichen Gleit- oder Schmiermitteln vermischt und zu einem zylinderförmigen Rohling verpresst werden. Anschließend wird dieser Rohling zweckmäßig zu einem Strang geringerer äußerer Abmessungen ausgepresst, etwa zu einer Rundschnur, und schließlich im Formspalt eines Walzenpaares zu einem Band ausgewalzt, wobei die Oberfläche mindestens einer Walze während des Auswalzens der Rundschnur zum leitfähigen Band druckbelastet verformt wird. Die Druckbelastung der leitfähigen Rundschnur erfolgt hierbei in radialer Richtung derart, dass die im druckbelasteten mittleren Bereich der Rundschnur verbleibende Materialmenge aus Polytetrafluorethylenpulver, Schmier- oder Gleitmittel und leitfähigen Füllstoffen größer ist, als die zu den Bandkanten hin verbleibende Materialmenge. Diese Art der Umformung einer Rundschnur zum erfindungsgemäßen Wickelband vermeidet die nachteilige Orientierung der Materialteilchen in nur eine Richtung. Die ungleichmäßige Materialverteilung über den Querschnitt mit einer Materialanhäufung im mittleren und einerThe semiconducting properties of the polytetrafluoroethylene winding tape used in the invention for producing a semiconductive polymer matrix or for producing semiconductive compact tape windings are achieved by the conductive fillers mentioned, such as carbon black, graphite, metal oxides and the like, which according to another inventive concept together with the PTFE powder and the usual lubricants or lubricants and pressed into a cylindrical blank. Subsequently, this blank is expedient pressed to a strand of smaller external dimensions, such as a round cord, and finally rolled in the mold gap of a pair of rollers to form a strip, wherein the surface of at least one roller is deformed during the Auswalzens the round cord to the conductive band under pressure. The pressure load of the conductive round cord takes place in the radial direction in such a way that the material quantity of polytetrafluoroethylene powder, lubricant or lubricant and conductive fillers remaining in the pressure-loaded middle region of the round cord is greater than the amount of material remaining toward the band edges. This type of forming a round cord to the winding tape according to the invention avoids the disadvantageous orientation of the material particles in only one direction. The uneven material distribution over the cross section with a material accumulation in the middle and a

Materialverringerung in den beidseitigen Randbereichen des Wickelbandes führt schon bei einem Bandwickel ohne anschließende Sinterung des Bandmaterials zu einer weitestgehend stoßfreien und mithin nach außen hin glatten leitfähigen Bewicklung, die sich mit bekannten leitfähigen Wickelbändern rechteckförmigen Querschnitts nicht erreichen lässt.Material reduction in the two-sided edge regions of the winding tape leads even in a tape winding without subsequent sintering of the strip material to a largely bum-free and therefore smooth to the outside conductive winding, which can not be achieved with known conductive winding bands rectangular cross-section.

Die Erfindung sei anhand der in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt die Fig.1 ein flaches Heizkabel, bei dem zwei stromführende unisolierte elektrische Leiter in einer halbleitenden Polymermatrix eingebettet sind, während in der Fig.2 ein besonders rauscharmes elektrisches koaxiales Hochfrequenzkabel als Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt ist.The invention is based on the in the FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrated embodiments explained in more detail. It shows the Fig.1 a flat heating cable in which two live uninsulated electrical conductors are embedded in a semiconductive polymer matrix, while in the Fig.2 a particularly low-noise electrical coaxial high-frequency cable is shown as an embodiment of the invention.

Zur Erhöhung der Flexibilität des elektrischen Heizkabels nach der Erfindung bestehen, wie aus der Fig.1 ersichtlich, die beiden hier parallel zueinander angeordneten, den Speisestrom führenden Leiter 1 (Kaltleiter) aus einer Vielzahl aus miteinander verseilten oder verwürgten Kupferdrähten, die vernickelt, verzinnt oder auch versilbert sein können. Die Leiter 1 sind jeweils umschlossen von einer Bewicklung 2 aus den ungesinterten, durch einen Rußanteil von beispielsweise 5% halbleitenden PTFE Bändern mit der plankonvexen Querschnittsform, die im ungesinterten Zustand des Bandmaterials auf die Leiter 1 aufgebracht, vorzugsweise mit Überlappung, beispielsweise bis zu 50%, und im aufgewickelten Zustand durch eine entsprechende Temperaturbehandlung bei etwa 350° C - 400° C.gesintert werden. Das aus den beiden nebeneinander liegenden Leitern 1 bestehende Aderpaar ist mit 3 bezeichnet, die stromführenden Leiter 1 sind über ihre jeweiligen Bewicklungen 2 elektrisch leitend miteinander verbunden.
Ist, wie in Durchführung der Erfindung vorgesehen, das Aderpaar 3 mit einer weiteren Bewicklung 4, ebenfalls aus den halbleitenden PTFE Bändern besonderer Querschnittsform, versehen, so ergibt sich nach einem Sinterprozess und dem dabei erfolgenden Schrumpfen des Bandmaterials eine kompakte Matrix aus den Bewicklungen 2 und 4 aus halbleitendem Polytetrafluorethylen, in der die beiden stromführenden Leiter 1 eingebettet sind.
Überdeckt wird diese Matrix durch die Bandbewicklung 5 aus einem isolierenden PTFE Band, das wiederum in ungesintertem Zustand aufgebracht und als gewickelte Schicht einem Sinterprozess mit entsprechender Temperaturbehandlung unterworfen wird, sodass die einzelnen Bandlagen zu einer kompakten Isolierung verschweissen.To increase the flexibility of the electric heating cable according to the invention, as shown in Fig.1 can be seen, the two arranged parallel to each other, the supply current leading conductor 1 (PTC thermistor) from a variety of stranded or cabled copper wires, which may be nickel-plated, tinned or silvered. The conductors 1 are each enclosed by a winding 2 of the unsintered, by a carbon black content of, for example 5% semiconducting PTFE tapes with the plano-convex cross-sectional shape, which applied in the unsintered state of the strip material on the conductor 1, preferably with overlap, for example up to 50% , And sintered in the wound state by an appropriate temperature treatment at about 350 ° C - 400 ° C. The wire pair consisting of the two adjacent conductors 1 is designated 3, the current-carrying conductors 1 are electrically conductively connected to one another via their respective windings 2.
Is, as provided for in the implementation of the invention, the wire pair 3 with a further winding 4, also from the semiconducting PTFE tapes special cross-sectional shape provided so results after a sintering process and thereby taking place shrinkage of the strip material, a compact matrix of the windings 2 and 4 of semiconductive polytetrafluoroethylene, in which the two current-carrying conductors 1 are embedded.
This matrix is covered by the band winding 5 made of an insulating PTFE tape, which in turn is applied in the unsintered state and subjected as a wound layer to a sintering process with appropriate temperature treatment, so that the individual tape layers weld to a compact insulation.

Der bei solchen Heizkabeln aus Sicherheitsgründen vorgeschriebene Schutzleiter ist mit 6 bezeichnet, er besteht zur Erzielung einer weitgehenden, über den Umfang reichenden Bedeckung aus einer Vielzahl von einzelnen Kupferdrähten, die z.B. zur Vermeidung von Korrosionen zusätzlich mit einem geeigneten metallischen Werkstoff beschichtet sind. Der äußere Mantel 7 des erfindungsgemäßen Heizkabels besteht aus einer Bewicklung aus isolierenden PTFE Bändern, die zur Kompaktierung der einzelnen Bandwindungen oder -lagen sowie zur Erzielung einer geschlossenen und glatten Oberfläche zunächst in ungesintertem Zustand auf den Schutzleiter 6 aufgebracht werden, bevor das PTFE Material der Bänder einem Sinterprozess unterworfen wird.The protective conductor prescribed in such heating cables for safety reasons is designated 6, it consists in obtaining a substantial, circumferentially extending covering of a plurality of individual copper wires, e.g. To avoid corrosion are additionally coated with a suitable metallic material. The outer jacket 7 of the heating cable according to the invention consists of a winding of insulating PTFE tapes, which are first applied to the protective conductor 6 in an unsintered state for compacting the individual tape turns or layers and to achieve a closed and smooth surface, before the PTFE material of the tapes subjected to a sintering process.

Zur Herstellung eines Heizkabels nach der Erfindung kann man so vorgehen, dass die Temperaturbehandlung zum Zwecke der Sinterung des Bandmaterials für die einzelnen Schichten im Kabelaufbau jeweils im Anschluss an einen Wickelvorgang erfolgt. Man kann in Weiterführung der Erfindung aber auch so vorgehen, dass zunächst alle Wickelvorgänge für die einzelnen Schichten abgeschlossen werden, bevor die Temperaturbehandlung für alle im Kabel befindlichen, gewickelten PTFE Bänder gleichzeitig erfolgt. Hierdurch können einzelne Arbeitsgänge eingespart werden.To produce a heating cable according to the invention, it is possible to proceed in such a way that the temperature treatment for the purpose of sintering the strip material for the individual layers in the cable structure is carried out in each case following a winding process. In continuation of the invention, however, it is also possible for all winding processes for the individual layers to be completed first, before the temperature treatment for all wound PTFE strips in the cable takes place simultaneously. As a result, individual operations can be saved.

Das Heizkabel nach der Erfindung ist für einen Temperaturbereich von -190°C bis +260°C problemlos einsetzbar. Im Gegensatz zu bekannten Heizkabeln mit PTC Effekt lässt das erfindungsgemäße Heizkabel kurzfristige Temperaturüberlastungen zu, ohne dass Kurzschlüsse im Kabel aufgrund schmelzenden Polymermaterials zu befürchten sind. Dieses Heizkabel weist eine hohe mechanische Festigkeit und eine hohe Kältefestigkeit auf, zudem ist es stabil auch bei hohen Betriebstemperaturen. Die Betriebsspannung dieses Heizkabels liegt bei 600 V.The heating cable according to the invention can be used without problems for a temperature range of -190 ° C to + 260 ° C. In contrast to known heating cables with PTC effect, the heating cable according to the invention allows short-term temperature overloads, without short circuits in the cable due to melting polymer material being feared. This heating cable has a high mechanical strength and a high cold resistance, in addition, it is stable even at high operating temperatures. The operating voltage of this heating cable is 600 V.

Eine andere vorteilhafte Anwendung des leitfähigen Wickelbandes nach der Erfindung zeigt die Fig.2. Hier ist als Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ein koaxiales Hochfrequenzkabel mit einem maximalen Außendurchmesser von nur 3,2 mm beschrieben. Der z.B. aus Kupfer bestehende Innenleiter 8 kann massiv ausgebildet sein, er kann aber auch aus einer Vielzahl verseilter Einzelleiter, etwa aus versilberten oder verzinkten Kupferdrähten, bestehen. Das ist insbesondere dann vorteilhaft, wenn eine hohe Flexibilität des Kabels verlangt wird. Wegen des möglichen Einsatzes des nach der Erfindung aufgebauten Kabels in einem Temperaturbereich zwischen -100 °C und +200 °C besteht die Isolierung 9 aus einem Fluorpolymer. Das kann ein aus der Schmelze verarbeitbares Fluorpolymer sein, z.B. ein Tetrafluorethylen-Perfluoralkylvinylether-Copolymerisat (TFA/PFA), ein Tetrafluorethylen-Hexafluorpropylen-Copolymer (FEP) oder auch ein Polytetrafluorethylen-Perfluormethylvinylether (MFA) oder ein anderes geeignetes bekanntes schmelzbares Fluorpolymer. Man kann die Isolierung 9 aber auch aus einem Wickelband aus Polytetrafluorethylen herstellen, also aus einem Fluorpolymer, das aus der Schmelze nicht verarbeitbar ist. Die Isolierung 9 wird überdeckt von einer Bewicklung 10 aus dem erfindungsgemäßen halbleitenden Wickelband aus Polytetrafluorethylen, das im Ausführungsbeispiel 15% leitende Füllstoffe enthält. Diese Bewicklung 10 ist entscheidend für die Reduktion der Rauschspannung dieses Hochfrequenzkabels, die Bewicklung 10 wird überdeckt von einem ersten Geflecht 11 aus metallischen Drähten, beispielsweise aus versilberten Kupferdrähten. Eine Isolierschicht 12, vorteilhaft aus einer oder mehreren Lagen eines Wickelbandes aus Polytetrafluorethylen, das nach Fertigstellung des Wickels auch gesintert werden kann, überdeckt das Geflecht 11. Mit 13 ist ein sog. Zwischenmantel bezeichnet, er besteht hier aus einer Schicht aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer, zum Beispiel aus einem FEP. Umschlossen wird dieser Zwischenmantel 13 von einem zweiten Geflecht 14, das im Ausführungsbeispiel wie das Geflecht 11 aufgebaut ist. Das dargestellte Kabel ist nach Außen geschützt durch den Mantel 15, beispielsweise wiederum aus einem Tetrafluorethylen/Hexafluorpropylen-Copolymer (FEP).
Mitunter kann es auch vorteilhaft sein, wenn die Bewicklung 10 den Innenleiter 8 unmittelbar umschließt oder so angeordnet ist, dass sie das Geflecht11 und oder 14 kontaktiert.Another advantageous application of the conductive winding tape according to the invention shows the Fig.2 , Here is described as an embodiment of the invention, a coaxial high-frequency cable with a maximum outer diameter of only 3.2 mm. The existing example of copper inner conductor 8 may be solid, but it may also consist of a plurality of stranded individual conductors, such as silver-plated or galvanized copper wires exist. This is particularly advantageous if a high flexibility of the cable is required. Because of the possible use of the cable constructed according to the invention in one Temperature range between -100 ° C and +200 ° C, the insulation 9 is made of a fluoropolymer. This may be a melt-processable fluoropolymer, eg, a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (TFA / PFA), a tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), or even a polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethyl vinyl ether (MFA) or other suitable known meltable fluoropolymer. But you can also produce the insulation 9 from a winding tape made of polytetrafluoroethylene, ie from a fluoropolymer that is not processed from the melt. The insulation 9 is covered by a winding 10 of the semiconductive winding tape of polytetrafluoroethylene according to the invention, which contains 15% conductive fillers in the embodiment. This winding 10 is crucial for the reduction of the noise voltage of this high-frequency cable, the winding 10 is covered by a first braid 11 of metallic wires, such as silver-plated copper wires. An insulating layer 12, advantageously made of one or more layers of a winding tape made of polytetrafluoroethylene, which can also be sintered after completion of the coil, covers the mesh 11. 13 denotes a so-called. Intermediate jacket, it consists of a layer of one of the melt processable fluoropolymer, for example from a FEP. This intermediate casing 13 is enclosed by a second braid 14, which in the exemplary embodiment is constructed like the braid 11. The cable shown is protected to the outside by the jacket 15, for example, again from a tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP).
Sometimes it may also be advantageous if the winding 10 directly surrounds the inner conductor 8 or is arranged so that it contacts the braid 11 and or 14.

Das mit dem halbleitenden Wickelband nach der Erfindung ausgestattete koaxiale Hochfrequenzkabel zeichnet sich durch einen über die Kabellänge extrem gleichmäßigen Wellenwiderstand von 50 Ohm bei 20 °C und ausgezeichneten Rauscheigenschaften aus. Die Reduzierung der Rauschspannung ist darauf zurückzuführen, dass die Verwendung des halbleitenden Wickelbandes mit seiner plankonvexen Querschnittsform eine kompakte Hülle (10) gewährleistet, die über die Kabellänge keine Durchmesserschwankungen bei einer glatten und geschlossenen, im Bereich der überlappenden Bandkanten praktisch stoßfreien Oberfläche erfährt.The equipped with the semiconductive winding tape according to the invention coaxial high-frequency cable is characterized by an extremely uniform over the cable length characteristic impedance of 50 ohms at 20 ° C and excellent noise properties. The reduction of the noise voltage is due to the fact that the use of the semiconductive winding band with its plano-convex cross-sectional shape ensures a compact sheath (10), which experiences no diameter fluctuations over the cable length with a smooth and closed, practically bum-free surface in the region of the overlapping band edges.

Claims (9)

  1. Unsintered winding tape comprising polytetrafluoroethylene, having a plano-convex cross-sectional form with a reinforced middle region which decreases gently towards the tape edges to a minimal tape thickness, for the production of sheaths for electric cables which are compact or self-supporting at least after partial sintering of the tape material of the winding layers,
    wherein
    the unsintered winding tape comprises polytetrafluoroethylene in powder form, lubricants or glidants, and conductive fillers for forming a semi-conductive winding tape.
  2. Winding tape according to Claim 1, characterised in that the proportion of conductive fillers in the polytetrafluoroethylene powder is from 1.5 to 30 wt.%, preferably from 2 to 20 wt.%.
  3. Winding tape according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the surface resistance of the unsintered polytetrafluoroethylene winding tape rendered semi-conductive by the fillers is from 10 ohm/mm2 to 10 Mohm/mm2.
  4. Winding tape according to Claim 1 or any one of the following claims, characterised in that the tape thickness is from 20 to 200 µm, preferably from 40 to 160 µm, wherein the tape thickness decreases towards the edges (margin) to 5 µm or less.
  5. Winding tape according to Claim 1 or any one of the following claims, characterised in that the width of the winding tape is from 5 to 50 mm, preferably from 10 to 30 mm.
  6. Coaxial electric cable having a semi-conductive, compact, optionally self-supporting sheath in a layer sequence, produced using an unsintered winding tape according to any one of the preceding claims.
  7. Coaxial electric cable according to Claim 6, characterised in that the compact, optionally self-supporting sheath surrounds the insulation of the inner conductor of the coaxial cable.
  8. Coaxial electric cable according to Claim 6, characterised in that the compact, optionally self-supporting sheath surrounds the inner conductor of the coaxial cable directly.
  9. Coaxial electric cable according to Claim 7, characterised in that the insulation of the inner conductor comprises a melt-processable fluoropolymer.
EP09004145.0A 2008-04-28 2009-03-24 Semiconductive winding tape comprising polytetrafluoroethylene Active EP2113927B9 (en)

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EP2113927B9 (en) 2017-06-14
DE102008021204A1 (en) 2009-11-05

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