EP1045929B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von faserstoffen aus thermoplastischen kunststoffen - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von faserstoffen aus thermoplastischen kunststoffen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1045929B1
EP1045929B1 EP99904698A EP99904698A EP1045929B1 EP 1045929 B1 EP1045929 B1 EP 1045929B1 EP 99904698 A EP99904698 A EP 99904698A EP 99904698 A EP99904698 A EP 99904698A EP 1045929 B1 EP1045929 B1 EP 1045929B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reactor
edge
melt film
rotating
fibers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99904698A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1045929A1 (de
Inventor
Gennady Georgievich Volokitin
Vladimir Vasiljevich Bordunov
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Microfaser-Repro-GmbH
Original Assignee
Microfaser-Repro-GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Microfaser-Repro-GmbH filed Critical Microfaser-Repro-GmbH
Priority to SI9930019T priority Critical patent/SI1045929T1/xx
Publication of EP1045929A1 publication Critical patent/EP1045929A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1045929B1 publication Critical patent/EP1045929B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/18—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like by means of rotating spinnerets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing Fibers made of thermoplastics, in which the thermoplastic melted and melted into one rotating reactor passed to form a melt film and the fibers are formed on an open reactor edge and be stretched.
  • the invention further relates to a device for manufacturing of fiber materials from thermoplastic materials with a melting device for the thermoplastic and a heated rotating reactor for training a melt film from the molten plastic, the the rotating reactor over an edge of an open side leaving with formation of fibers.
  • Nonwovens formed from such fibrous materials are in particular for the absorption of petroleum, petroleum products and Heavy metal ions from water are used.
  • thermoplastic fibers The usual way of producing thermoplastic fibers takes place by melting the starting thermoplastic and extruding the molten plastic through thin ones Nozzles for the formation of thin radiation-like fibers. By Stretching can make the extruded fibers even thinner be, at the same time with a special air flow be cooled. These processes are very homogeneous Output thermoplastics ahead, so that in particular the use of recycled plastics that are inhomogeneous are and may contain foreign objects. These would namely clogging the nozzles or channels.
  • the extrusion process also provide that with relative low temperatures just a little above the melting temperature can lie, work is carried out to the cooling measures as simple as possible after extrusion to design. Processing of secondary raw materials and Thermoplastic waste, on the other hand, requires processing higher temperatures that are close to the temperatures of thermoplastic decomposition lie.
  • thermoplastic melt feed a rotary pot on the inner wall of the Melt film formed and the spinning from the melt film by forming fibers on the edge of the pot one passed at high speed over the melt film Gas is made.
  • the reactor is in shape of a pot placed vertically and exists from a cavity and a work surface. Heated up Gas becomes under pressure inside the reactor and cavity fed to the surface of the melt film.
  • slot nozzles through which the Melt film is divided into individual jets and put together flows with the heated gas. This will make the educated Rays made thinner and stretched.
  • the invention is based, avoiding the task the disadvantages of the known device thin synthetic To be able to produce fibers with higher yield High quality raw materials, but also from waste thermoplastics can be formed.
  • a method is used to achieve this object of the type mentioned above, characterized in that the rotating reactor is heated so that the melt film a temperature close to the degradation temperature of the thermoplastic Has plastics and that the reactor with a Web speed of at least 10 m / s on its edge is rotated.
  • the reactor itself is thus heated, so that the melted thermoplastic has very constant temperature conditions subject to near the degradation temperature for the Thermoplastics can be chosen without the risk that by locally exceeding this temperature Quality of the plastic affected by decomposition processes becomes.
  • the fiber formation occurs in the invention Process due to the high rotation speed or the high web speed at the edge of the Reactor, whereby the cohesive force of the melt film is exceeded is, so that the division into the fibers takes place. On the use of channels prone to blockage or Nozzles can therefore be completely dispensed with.
  • the fibers stretched on the edge of the rotary pot become expediently stabilized under the influence of an air stream, which is preferably conducted across the grain.
  • the thermal required for the method according to the invention Uniformity in the reactor is in one preferred embodiment supported by that Interior of the reactor through one with the edge one narrow circumferential gap forming lid largely is completed.
  • the lid is preferably positioned stationary. It can be useful if the lid to form a circumferential Gaps with varying width asymmetrical to the Axis of rotation of the reactor is positioned.
  • the annular gap can preferably have a width of 15 to 20 mm have, with an asymmetrical to the axis of rotation of the rotating reactor arranged lid with the annular gap a varying width can be formed.
  • the inner wall of the reactor with axially extending ribs Subdivision of the melt film is provided, these are preferred triangular with its greatest height at the bottom of the Reactor and with its lowest height at the outlet end of the Melted film trained.
  • the Ribs preferably over the cylindrical part of the reactor and end at the beginning of the conical part.
  • the reactor is placed on the outside by a heater Brought operating temperature, which is preferably a resistance heater, an induction heater or a magnetic induction heater can be.
  • a heater Brought operating temperature which is preferably a resistance heater, an induction heater or a magnetic induction heater can be.
  • the device shown in Figure 1 shows as assemblies an extruder 1, a device for fiber formation 2, a Unit for the precipitation of the finished fiber 3 and a removal device 4th
  • the device for fiber formation 2 consists of a hollow rotating reactor 5, the outside with a reactor heater 6 is heated.
  • the open side of the reactor 5 is carried out by a conically expanded cone 7.
  • immovable cover 9 installed by a rod 10 is attached to a feed head 11 of the extruder 1.
  • the Immovable lid 9 is eccentric to the contour of itself arranged conically expanding cone 7 and is in its axial position adjustable by means of a threaded connection, see above that the gap 8 is adjustable through the lid.
  • the reactor 5 is mounted on the end of a hollow shaft 16, which is provided with ball bearings 17.
  • the ball bearings 17 are located in a refrigerated case 18.
  • a drive pulley 19 of a belt drive 20 attached, via a driven pulley 21 on the shaft an asynchronous motor 22 is running.
  • Inside the hollow wave 16 runs a feed attachment 23 of a feed head 11 which a central opening 24 for the supply of the melting material from the extruder 1 into the reactor 5.
  • the whole device for fiber formation 2 is on a separate Frame 32 assembled and set up in a protective chamber 33.
  • a protective chamber 33 In the upper part of the protective chamber 33 is one with a Low pressure fan 35 connected air line 34 attached.
  • the low pressure fan 35 is on the outlet side via an air line 36 with a gas cleaning device 37 connected.
  • the extruder 1 has a reservoir 39 for a prepared one Thermoplastic on.
  • a drive motor 40 drives over a belt drive 41 and a reduction gear 42 a Screw 43 of the extruder 1.
  • the screw 43 is located itself in a housing with a jacket-shaped heater 38.
  • the device is started up by switching on the reactor heater 6 and the heater 38 and the Low pressure fan 35 and the gas cleaning device 37.
  • the extruder 1 is water for cooling the housing 18th fed.
  • the container 39 of the extruder 1 is prepared with the Thermoplastic filled.
  • the drive motor 22 for the rotation of the reactor 5 turned on and the arrangement in idle 15 to 20 minutes to stabilize operating temperatures let run.
  • the drive motor 40 is set of the extruder 1 in motion and switches the drives of the unit for fiber filling 3 and the take-off device 4.
  • the drive motor 40 brings the worm 43 over the belt drive 41 and the reduction gear 42 in rotary motion.
  • the Screw 43 detects the thermoplastic from the container 39 and conveys it to the feed head 11. By passing the fabric through the heated part of the extruder 11 is conveyed, it mixes itself and melts to the viscosity, that of the thermoplastic viscosity in the range of the degradation temperature. Then the molten material passes through the opening 24 of the attachment 23 and the feed head 11 in the reactor 5 where the same temperatures are maintained.
  • the melt is distributed over the circumference of the Inner wall and is thanks to the centrifugal force between the Ribs 13 transported to the open end of the reactor 5.
  • the thermoplastic layer touching the inner surface and the ribs 13 is pushed forward, it also rises, which creates a thin melt film.
  • the ribs 13 are installed, the moves Do not melt in a spiral, what with a smooth surface would happen, but along the reactor generator.
  • the inner surface is coated with the Melt film much more uniform, what the quality of the Melt increased significantly.
  • the melt film from the cylindrical part of the reactor 5 in the region of the conical extended cone 7 also decreases its thickness.
  • the production of the fiber in the invention Way is only possible if the linear velocity at the Cone edge of the reactor 5 is higher than 10 m / s.
  • the one from the Openings 15 of the ring air line 14 flowing air flow 44 affects the fiber in the process of stretching.
  • the fibrous material arrives on the conveyor belt 45 Unit for fiber precipitation 3. Using the conveyor belt 45 the pulp is transported to the take-off device 4, where the fibers are formed into finished goods.
  • the gases generated during the production of the pulp are from the protective chamber 33 through the air channels 34 and 36 using the low pressure fan 35 in the gas cleaning device 37 headed.
  • the device described enables the production of Fiber from thermoplastics with excellent absorption properties, including industrial and household waste can be used as a raw material.
  • the reactor heater 6, which is constructed on the outside of the reactor 5, can be used as a resistance heater 25, induction heater 26 or be designed as a magnetic induction heater.
  • these heaters 25, 26 and the reactor 5 thermally insulated with the outer jacket 27.
  • the reactor heater 6 is a resistance heater 25 running, which is in a heat-resistant ceramic solid housing 28 is located. Between the electric heater and the protective jacket 27 is heat-insulating Fabric 29, e.g. Kaolin cotton, housed.
  • the variant according to FIG. 4 shows a reactor heater 6 as coolable induction heater 26, which in the protective jacket 27 is housed.
  • a reactor heater 6 as coolable induction heater 26, which in the protective jacket 27 is housed.
  • the induction heater 26 also contains Plates 30 made of a ferromagnetic alloy (e.g. Ni-Co), the along the reactor wall on the outer surface of the reactor 5 attached and connected to insulated conductors.
  • a ferromagnetic alloy e.g. Ni-Co
  • the starting raw material is in the extruder 1 premelted and stirred so that a homogeneous melt arises whose temperature is close to the degradation temperature of the polymer is.
  • the melt is rotating Reactor 5 fed, the wall temperature to a Temperature near the degradation temperature are preheated.
  • the melt becomes uniform spread on the inner surface. It imagines Paraboloid of the rotation and it moves under the action of centrifugal forces towards the open side. Because the open side of the reactor 5 is in the form of a diverging Has cone 7, the thickness decreases of the film proportional to the enlargement of the page surface. In this way it is possible to use thinner fibers to get.
  • the use of the method according to the invention enables it, high-quality fibers not only with raw materials of one kind, but also with a combination of raw materials. This is because the raw material is first in the extruder 1 is melted down and stirred and then a certain Time remains within the reactor 5. This will make the the entire amount is evenly heated and the viscosity averaged, so that the production of the fiber from a homogenized Melt occurs.
  • thermal stabilizers in dendritic Form that has free ions allows for quick Suppression of the processes during the degradation of polymers bringing together free radicals of the torn Polymer chains. This results in an increase in the amount of fibers compared to the heavy metals, and the output of pollutants in the environment is reduced.
  • Fibers produced have a thickness of 5 up to 20 ⁇ m and are wound in braids, their cross-sectional size is in the range from 25 to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the braid contains spherical and drop-like particles, some of which grown together with the fibers, partly isolated from the fibers are.
  • fiber thickenings There are also numerous fiber thickenings, their length between three and ten times the cross-sectional size of these thickenings. The cross sections these thickenings and the spherical and drop-like particles are in the range of 30 to 200 ⁇ m.
  • Fibers have a cross section from 1 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • Coarse fibers with a thickness of 20 are present up to 50 ⁇ m with the thickenings up to 100 ⁇ m.
  • Most of the fibers have a cross section from 1 to 10 ⁇ m. A small number of fibers are up to 20 in size ⁇ m. The thicker fibers have thickenings with the maximum Cross section from 50 to 150 ⁇ m. The existing spherical and drop-like particles have a size of 100 to 400 microns.
  • the thickness and the porosity of the fiber samples in bulk without compression was determined picnometrically according to the standards GOST 18955. I-73 with the use of tetrachloride carbon as picnometric liquid and the balance WLR-200, which gave the measuring accuracy of ⁇ 0.05 mg to have. The information obtained is shown in Table 1. The density and porosity data for loose storage at 20 ° C.
  • Pattern number 1 2 3rd 4th The density, kg / m 3 911 903 907 909 Bulk density, kg / m 3 102-117 167-174 112-127 123-136 Porosity,% 87.1-88.8 80.7-81.5 86.0-87.6 85.0-86.0 Behavior of the pore space to the polymer space 6.75-7.93 4.75-7.93 6.14-7.06 5.67-6.0
  • the absorbency of the fiber pattern for the process of Collecting petroleum and petroleum products from water level with repeated use of the substance in the absorption-regeneration cycle was determined using the following methodology.
  • the fiber pattern in the initial state was left with the water level contact the 3 to 6 mm thick layer of petroleum contained.
  • West Siberian petroleum was used for the tests and as a petroleum product the industrial oil I-L-A-10 (GOST 20799-88) and 3-02 brand diesel (GOST-305-82).
  • the degree of saturation of the material with the liquids was checked according to the weighing method. Then the sample saturated with petroleum (petroleum product) was thrown at the separation factor 100 ⁇ 3. The content of the petroleum (petroleum products) remaining on the fibers was determined according to GOST 6370-83. Fugate was dewatered with copper sulfate according to GOST 26378.0-84 and then the oil content (content of the petroleum product) was determined according to GOST 6370-83. On the basis of the information obtained, the behavior of the mass of the petroleum soaked up in the given process was calculated before and after spinning to the mass of the sample to be checked. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
  • Table 4 shows the absorbent capacity of the pulp specified.
  • the fibrous material is on the test device from the polypropylene waste of the brand (21030 - 21060) -60 with the thermal stabilizer titanium dioxide with the Particle size 3 - 5 microns with the content 1% mass produced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
EP99904698A 1998-01-07 1999-01-07 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von faserstoffen aus thermoplastischen kunststoffen Expired - Lifetime EP1045929B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI9930019T SI1045929T1 (en) 1998-01-07 1999-01-07 Method and device for producing fibrous materials from thermoplastic materials

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19800297A DE19800297C1 (de) 1998-01-07 1998-01-07 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Faserstoffen aus thermoplastischen Kunststoffen
DE19800297 1998-01-07
PCT/DE1999/000016 WO1999035313A1 (de) 1998-01-07 1999-01-07 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von faserstoffen aus thermoplastischen kunststoffen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1045929A1 EP1045929A1 (de) 2000-10-25
EP1045929B1 true EP1045929B1 (de) 2001-11-14

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EP99904698A Expired - Lifetime EP1045929B1 (de) 1998-01-07 1999-01-07 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von faserstoffen aus thermoplastischen kunststoffen

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US6524514B1 (pl)
EP (1) EP1045929B1 (pl)
AT (1) ATE208840T1 (pl)
AU (1) AU2511299A (pl)
CZ (1) CZ20002462A3 (pl)
DE (3) DE19800297C1 (pl)
DK (1) DK1045929T3 (pl)
ES (1) ES2166216T3 (pl)
HU (1) HUP0100814A2 (pl)
PL (1) PL190708B1 (pl)
PT (1) PT1045929E (pl)
SK (1) SK10252000A3 (pl)
WO (1) WO1999035313A1 (pl)

Families Citing this family (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6524514B1 (en) * 1998-01-07 2003-02-25 Microfaser-Repro-Gmbh Method and device for producing fibrous materials from thermoplastic materials
RU2160332C1 (ru) * 1999-06-21 2000-12-10 ЗАО "Номос-4" Установка для получения волокнистого материала из утиля и отходов термопластов
RU2179600C1 (ru) * 2000-10-24 2002-02-20 Институт химии нефти СО РАН Установка для получения волокнистого материала из термопластов
DE10112089B4 (de) * 2001-03-12 2004-03-04 Microfaser Produktionsgesellschaft Mbh Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von synthetischen Faserstoffen
RU2247800C2 (ru) * 2002-02-21 2005-03-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-производственное предприятие "Руно+" Устройство для получения волокнистых материалов из расплава термопластов
RU2213170C1 (ru) * 2002-08-05 2003-09-27 Харламов Владимир Анатольевич Устройство для получения волокнистых материалов из расплава термопластов
RU2211262C1 (ru) * 2002-08-05 2003-08-27 Харламов Владимир Анатольевич Устройство для получения волокнистых материалов из расплава термопластов
RU2213171C1 (ru) * 2002-08-07 2003-09-27 Харламов Владимир Анатольевич Устройство для получения волокнистых материалов из расплава термопластов
RU2222650C1 (ru) * 2002-10-07 2004-01-27 Харламов Владимир Анатольевич Способ получения волокнистого полотна из термопластов и установка для его осуществления
RU2260637C1 (ru) * 2004-04-20 2005-09-20 Потемин Роман Валерьевич Устройство для получения волокнистых материалов из расплава термопластов
US8303874B2 (en) * 2006-03-28 2012-11-06 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Solution spun fiber process
RU2345182C2 (ru) * 2006-07-11 2009-01-27 Геннадий Георгиевич Волокитин Устройство для получения волокнистых материалов из термопластов
US8277711B2 (en) * 2007-03-29 2012-10-02 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Production of nanofibers by melt spinning
US20090326128A1 (en) * 2007-05-08 2009-12-31 Javier Macossay-Torres Fibers and methods relating thereto
EP2257660A4 (en) * 2008-03-17 2012-01-04 Univ Texas METHOD AND DEVICES FOR PRODUCING ULTRA-FINE FIBERS
RU2388854C2 (ru) * 2008-06-27 2010-05-10 Сергей Владимирович Бордунов Установка для получения волокнистого материала из термопластов
WO2012109242A2 (en) 2011-02-07 2012-08-16 Fiberio Technology Corporation Devices and methods for the production of coaxial microfibers and nanofibers
US8496088B2 (en) 2011-11-09 2013-07-30 Milliken & Company Acoustic composite
US9186608B2 (en) 2012-09-26 2015-11-17 Milliken & Company Process for forming a high efficiency nanofiber filter
US10233568B2 (en) * 2013-10-22 2019-03-19 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Apparatus for production of polymeric nanofibers
EP3679181A4 (en) 2017-09-08 2021-05-12 The Board of Regents of The University of Texas System TISSUE AND METHOD DOPED WITH MECHANOLUMINESCENT POLYMER
CN108754637B (zh) * 2018-08-15 2023-07-25 北京化工大学 一种薄膜连续直接塑化供料的熔体微分电纺装置及方法
US11427937B2 (en) 2019-02-20 2022-08-30 The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System Handheld/portable apparatus for the production of microfibers, submicron fibers and nanofibers
EP4301910A4 (en) 2021-03-02 2024-08-14 Board of Regents, The University of Texas System HANDHELD/PORTABLE DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FINE FIBERS
CN112962155B (zh) * 2021-03-09 2022-01-04 龙港市新国工艺有限公司 一种rpet面料的加工方法
CN114197065B (zh) * 2021-12-31 2023-04-18 武汉纺织大学 一种撑浮式离心纺丝装置及其使用方法

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SU699041A1 (ru) * 1977-02-16 1979-11-25 Харьковский институт инженеров железнодорожного транспорта Способ получени волокон из термопластичного материала
JPS5940054B2 (ja) * 1978-08-29 1984-09-27 株式会社佐藤技術研究所 融体から特定サイズの球形粒子を製造する方法
RU2093618C1 (ru) * 1995-03-16 1997-10-20 Товарищество с ограниченной ответственностью "Везувий-11" Способ получения волокна из термопластичного материала
US6524514B1 (en) 1998-01-07 2003-02-25 Microfaser-Repro-Gmbh Method and device for producing fibrous materials from thermoplastic materials

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL190708B1 (pl) 2005-12-30
ES2166216T3 (es) 2002-04-01
DE29802123U1 (de) 1998-05-07
ATE208840T1 (de) 2001-11-15
AU2511299A (en) 1999-07-26
PL341812A1 (en) 2001-05-07
DE19800297C1 (de) 1999-07-01
HUP0100814A2 (hu) 2001-06-28
SK10252000A3 (sk) 2001-02-12
US6524514B1 (en) 2003-02-25
DE59900428D1 (de) 2001-12-20
WO1999035313A1 (de) 1999-07-15
EP1045929A1 (de) 2000-10-25
DK1045929T3 (da) 2002-03-11
CZ20002462A3 (cs) 2002-02-13
PT1045929E (pt) 2002-05-31

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