EP1042596B1 - Dispositif de transformation de pression hydraulique en mode numerique (dhpt) - Google Patents

Dispositif de transformation de pression hydraulique en mode numerique (dhpt) Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1042596B1
EP1042596B1 EP98962706A EP98962706A EP1042596B1 EP 1042596 B1 EP1042596 B1 EP 1042596B1 EP 98962706 A EP98962706 A EP 98962706A EP 98962706 A EP98962706 A EP 98962706A EP 1042596 B1 EP1042596 B1 EP 1042596B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
pressure
switching device
hydraulic
valves
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP98962706A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1042596A1 (fr
Inventor
Theodorus Gerhardus Potma
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T Potma Beheer BV
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T Potma Beheer BV
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Priority claimed from NL1007912A external-priority patent/NL1007912C2/nl
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L25/00—Drive, or adjustment during the operation, or distribution or expansion valves by non-mechanical means
    • F01L25/02—Drive, or adjustment during the operation, or distribution or expansion valves by non-mechanical means by fluid means
    • F01L25/04—Drive, or adjustment during the operation, or distribution or expansion valves by non-mechanical means by fluid means by working-fluid of machine or engine, e.g. free-piston machine
    • F01L25/06—Arrangements with main and auxiliary valves, at least one of them being fluid-driven
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B71/00—Free-piston engines; Engines without rotary main shaft
    • F02B71/04—Adaptations of such engines for special use; Combinations of such engines with apparatus driven thereby
    • F02B71/045—Adaptations of such engines for special use; Combinations of such engines with apparatus driven thereby with hydrostatic transmission
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/04—Engines with variable distances between pistons at top dead-centre positions and cylinder heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B21/00—Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
    • F15B21/04—Special measures taken in connection with the properties of the fluid
    • F15B21/047—Preventing foaming, churning or cavitation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switching device for hydraulic systems.
  • the invention furthermore relates to a hydraulic system provided with such a switching device and to a method for suppliying hydraulic medium from a reservoir to a hydraulic machine.
  • the invention further relates to a device for low power loss control and flow control for hydraulic machines particularly for hydraulic cylinders, which are fed from a reservoir with constant or semi constant high pressure.
  • a device for low power loss control and flow control for hydraulic machines particularly for hydraulic cylinders which are fed from a reservoir with constant or semi constant high pressure.
  • Such a situation for instance occurs in case of a so-called free piston engine which pumps up hydraulic medium from a pressure accumulator with low pressure of for instance 10 bar to a pressure accumulator with high pressure of for instance 400 bar, in which the hydraulic machine is connected between the low and high pressure tank.
  • a control with low loss can also be achieved by transforming high pressure into low pressure with the help of an analogue pressure transformer consisting of an adjustable hydro pump driven by an adjustable hydro engine. With low load of the hydraulic machine the hydro engine is adjusted here to a small volume and the pump to a high volume per revolution. As a result a small volume of high pressure is supplied to the engine from the high pressure reservoir and converted or transformed to a much larger volume with low pressure which is supplied from the pump to the machine. Controlling with such an analogue pressure transformer or simplified varieties thereof such as the integrated analogue pressure transformer described in patent application PCT/NL97/00084 dated 24-2-97 gives small losses but is also relatively costly because the hydro engine/pump combination will always be a costly mechanical precision part of the device.
  • a quick-working valve can supply oil intermittently to a lift cylinder with which a load can be lifted.
  • the valve When the valve is connected to a pressure reservoir of for instance 400 bar and the lift cylinder is loaded with a small load, which for instance causes a static pressure of 50 bar in the cylinder, the fluid will under influence of a large pressure difference of 400-50 bar flow in very fast when the valve opens.
  • a valve of small dimensions an unwanted throttle loss occurs here.
  • the oil volume in question in the cylinder will almost immediately be compressed to the applied pressure of 400 bar.
  • the fluid will now flow from the low pressure reservoir to the cylinder via the non-return valve, which cylinder will decelerate relatively slowly under influence of its own weight until the velocity is zero and reverses sign and the load will slowly come down until the pressure in the cylinder has reached the level of 50 bar again.
  • the load is now lifted over a length which as a rule will be much too large for the fine-tuned control which is nearly always required.
  • an intermediate mass that is present is accelerated by the high pressure admitted during the open period of the quick switching valve, after which during the subsequent closed period of the quick switching valve said mass passes on its kinetic energy via the hydraulic medium to the oil volume in question at the entrance of the hydraulic machine and to the hydraulic machine itself.
  • new digital quick switching valves are provided with which very short open or closed periods can be realised. This makes it possible to limit the quantity of oil per supply pulse and to dose it well, as a result of which a gradual pressure rise and gradual pressure drop of the pressure of the oil volume in question of the machine can be realized with little losses.
  • ACA anti-cavitation accumulator
  • Said intermediate mass may consist of the mass of a fluid column between the quick switching valve and the machine, or of the mass of a mass moving or rotating along with this fluid column, for instance the rotation mass of a hydro engine accommodated in the supply pipe to the hydraulic machine, provided with a flywheel or not.
  • the intermediate mass present in cooperation with the digital quick switching valve and the anti cavitation accumulator form a device for digital hydraulic pressure transformation (DHPT) which in the manner shown transforms the high pressure in the supply tank to a controllable average lower level at the location of the hydraulic machine.
  • DHPT digital hydraulic pressure transformation
  • This device for digital hydraulic pressure transformation is, in comparison to the known means and devices, a compact and relatively cheap and low-loss means for capacity control and flow control for in particular hydraulic machines with a large volume in question of fluid such as hydraulic cylinders.
  • the necessary valves, switches and anti-cavitation means are part of the device for digital hydraulic pressure transformation (DHPT) according to the invention.
  • the moving intermediate mass is the fluid mass in the intermediate pipe between the quick switching valve and the hydraulic machine.
  • the fluid mass in the intermediate pipe between the quick switching valve and the hydraulic machine.
  • the pipe length of for instance 4 meters and an cross-sectional surface of 1 cm 2 that mass is 400 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 0.8 gram mass or 0.32 kilogram mass.
  • the average acceleration of this fluid mass is approximately equal to 10000 m/sec2.
  • the average fluid velocity in the pipe concerned is 10 and 20 meters per second.
  • the quick switching valve concerned therefore has to close the high pressure connection after about 2 to 3 milliseconds. This requires unusual high speed of switching which nonetheless can be obtained with the switches and the digital valves according to the invention.
  • the fluid acceleration can be lowered with for instance a factor ten as a result of which the switching speed of the valve in question can be lowered and/or the energy of the supply pulse be reduced in favour of a more fine-dosed control of the average flow velocity to the hydraulic machine.
  • a good working of the device according to the invention subsequently requires that the danger of cavitation is prevented.
  • this danger of cavitation is averted with the help of a so-called "ACA", an "anti -cavitation accumulator”.
  • This accumulator is characterized in that the pressure generated by the accumulator at the fluid exit, cannot exceed a certain maximum and in that a pre-pressure is equal at the most to the lowest system pressure on the spot and in that the support of the accumulator membrane, in case of membrane accumulator, is at the gas side of the accumulator. As a result of these characteristics the accumulator membrane does not start to move until the fluid pressure at the fluid side of the membrane becomes lower than the lowest system pressure.
  • the ACA in fact functions as a permanently present artificial gas bulb with a certain minimum volume and a certain maximum gas pressure, which at strong reduction of pressure in the fluid expands and as a result prevents too strong pressure reductions in the fluid pressure medium. Possible too quick a reduction of this artificial gas bulb at the rising again of the pressure can be prevented by throttling the gas or fluid flow from or to the ACA, respectively, in a known manner with help of for instance a non-return valve bridged by a restriction.
  • FIG 1 an elementary DHPT switch is given for a simple situation with one-sided static load of a lift cylinder H with a relatively large oil volume in question 6.
  • the DHPT principle is further elucidated.
  • the intermediate mass m here consists of the mass of the fluid in the supply pipe 4.
  • This intermediate mass can be increased with the help of hydro engine m1, which rotates together with the flow of mass m, which engine is indicated by dots in the figure.
  • the pressure rise per supplied quantity of oil depends on the oil volume 6 in question in the cylinder and could possibly be adjusted with an additional oil volume which can be switched on or not, or with a gas-filled accumulator 32.
  • the oil volume in question generally is large to very large (larger than for instance 10 litres), in hydro engines the oil volume in question is small to very small.
  • the ACA is indicated in figure 1.
  • the gas side of this accumulator is in open connection here to the outside air with atmospheric pressure Pa via the porous or perforated support plate 11. This pressure is exerted via the accumulator membrane on the fluid at the exit of the quick switching valve SV1. As a result cavitation is prevented.
  • the pressure PI1 for instance is 10 bar as a result of which the ACA is filled again to the pressure PI1 from the low pressure accumulator 10 with pressure PI1. After the ACA has been filled the pressure in the pipe 4 further rises to the pressure level in the cylinder H.
  • the fluid velocity then rises per millisecond with about 1.875 meters per second and the total supply to the ACA after 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 milliseconds respectively, with a cross-section of the pipe of 4 cm 2 , is 0.36, 1.50, 3.38, 6 and 9.38 cm 3 , respectively.
  • a fluid velocity in the intermediate pipe 4 also supply pipe to the hydraulic machine of 20 m/s (average over the pipe length) directly after closing the quick switching valve obtained after 2 milliseconds, said fluid velocity will subsequently decrease with a deceleration determined by the pressure difference over the fluid column in the supply pipe 4.
  • the shortage that has to be supplied by the ACA is 1.54 cc, 2.2 cc, 1.92 cc, 0.9 cc and -1.18 cc, respectively.
  • This means that the ACA has to supply a maximum of 2.2 cc and that after about 4.5 milliseconds, the supply from the low pressure accumulator has become equal to the desired supply.
  • a relatively very small ACA with a gas volume of for instance 5 cc and the pre-pressure of 1 bar the needs can therefore already be met.
  • a two low pressure levels PI1 and PI are present, in which the lowest pressure PI is for instance atmospheric.
  • This pressure is always built up during the open period of valve SV1 by filling the small auxiliary accumulator 80.
  • For filling said auxiliary accumulator use can for instance be made of the supply pulse, during which under influence of the pressure rise in pipe 4 for instance a small auxiliary piston is enforced which always during the open period pumps up fluid from the pressure tank with low or atmospheric pressure PI to the auxiliary accumulator 80 with pressure PI1.
  • the pipe 4 is first mainly filled from the ACA subsequently mainly from the auxiliary accumulator 80 in a manner as described with figure 1 and after that (after pressure and fluid velocity in pipe 4 and in the auxiliary accumulator 80 have sufficiently dropped to below the atmospheric level) from the low pressure tank 10 of the system with pressure PI.
  • the gas pressure in the ACA here is always lower than PI, because otherwise the ACA cannot be filled from the atmospheric low pressure tank, but high enough to prevent cavitation. For that reason the gas side of the ACA here is not connected to the outside air but closed off and provided with a gas filling valve with which the ACA can be brought to a suitable pre-pressure of for instance 0.7 bar.
  • figure 1b is extended with valve 16 with which the entrance of the valve SV1 can be connected to high pressure Ph or low pressure PI (or PL1).
  • SV1 By connecting SV1 to PL1 the load L can controllably be lowered with little loss.
  • the loss is small due to the fact that the potential energy of the load is mainly stored in the high pressure tank 9 with pressure Ph via pipe 14 with non-return valve t1.
  • valve 17 is a switch valve with which the direction of movement of the cylinder C can be reversed.
  • high pressure is necessary in pipe 20 in order to keep the loading shovel with the load L lifted.
  • dots with the loading shovel on the left-hand side pressure is necessary in pipe 21 to keep the load lifted.
  • the reversal of the load situation takes place with low frequency and in general in these kind of situations is controlled by the operator, in which valve 17 may have a low switching speed.
  • FIG 1d a double-sided dynamic load situation is indicated.
  • the load L is accelerated and decelerated many times here with a high switching speed and switching frequency. Decelerating the load L cannot take place in this case under the influence of the weight of load L but the connections of the hydraulic machine would have to be switched to that end again and again.
  • a slow switching four-way valve 17 is present here with additionally a quick switching valve SV2 in the return pipe 7 and 15.
  • the valve SV2 can close the discharge 7, 15 very short and can ensure closing pulses or closed periods of which the length can be adjusted from extremely short to unrestrictedly long. This extension makes it possible to decelerate the cylinder C (or instead of this a hydro engine) in a controlled manner, for instance in situations in which the load of the hydraulic machine may vary strongly.
  • the valve SV2 in the discharge 7 is necessary here because when the load falls away the control may indeed close the supply via the valve SV1 but the machine cannot be decelerated with it.
  • the intermediate mass is now accelerated to the left under the influence of the pressure difference between the pressure in the cylinder and the pressure PI1.
  • a new closing pulse is generated which generates again a pressure rise in the cylinder and further decelerates the load.
  • the kinetic energy of the load L is converted into speed of the intermediate mass m2 and the energy of the intermediate mass m2 is subsequently almost completely converted in supply of hydraulic energy to the high pressure tank with pressure Ph.
  • a long closing pulse of SV2 the pressure in the cylinder rises quickly to Ph after which at maximum deceleration the kinetic energy of the load L is immediately and almost completely converted into useful supply to the high pressure tank.
  • FIG. 1e a switch is shown in which only two quick switching valves SV3 and SV4 are worked with, whereas a complete control in two directions of movement is possible.
  • the valves SV3 and SV4 are constructed here as switch valves. The working of the combination as depicted is as follows.
  • the switching device up until now consisting of one or more quick switching valves SV such as SV1 from figure 1a, has two valves O and D, which are elaborately described and elucidated with the figures 3.
  • O is a valve which in the first or starting position is open so that flow through the valve can take place and which can close very quickly.
  • D is a valve which in the first or starting position is closed but which can open very quickly.
  • the two valves O and D here together replace the hydraulic quick switching valve SV1. In the starting position the supply pipe is closed because D is closed and the piston Z of the hydro cylinder M stands still.
  • valve D As soon as valve D is opened the pressure in the supply 1, 2 and 4 will rise under the influence of the high pressure Ph, and the fluid in the supply pipe 4 will be accelerated very strongly.
  • the mass of the fluid in the pipe 4 here forms the intermediate mass m.
  • valve O At the end of the open period valve O is closed as a result of which the supply is broken off. Subsequently D is closed and after that O is opened again, with which the starting situation is restored. In this way a supply pulse of variable length and frequency is created. Because D can open very quickly, in 1 to a few milliseconds, and O can close very quickly land very shortly or long after that) a rectangular switch characteristic is possible with very little throttling loss.
  • the valves O and D can be energized in various ways and started as described in the description of the figures 3. The valves O and D described there can open or close very quickly under the influence of an electric signal of little energy. In order to reach the starting position again, however, these types of valves require a relatively longer time of for instance 10 milliseconds.
  • valves Because of the combination of two valves according to the invention an open period and thus a supply pulse or deceleration pulse of an extreme short pulse time, in principal reducible to nil, can be realised.
  • the valves start their downward movement by admitting pressure above a adjustment plunger with the use of a very small control valve.
  • valves SV1 from the figures 1b and 1 care replaced by the valve combination OD.
  • valves SV1 and SV2 from figure 1d are replaced by the valve combinations OD and O2D2, respectively.
  • a deceleration pulse or closed period for pipe 7 is realised by closing O2 and shortly after that opening D2, after which first O2 and subsequently D2 return to the starting position.
  • the working of the valves O2 and D2 corresponds to the one of the valves O and D from the preceding figures.
  • valve O/D2 replaces the valves O and D2 from figure 2d.
  • Valve Dx/O2 replaces the valve D from figure 2d for flow in the x-direction and also valve O2.
  • Valve Dy/O2 replaces valve D from figure 2d for flow in the Y-direction and also valve O2.
  • the valve Dx/O2 and Dy/O2 are switch valves here. The working of the depicted combination is as follows.
  • Dy/O2 is switched to the bottom position from the starting position.
  • Pressure oil with pressure Ph reaches the other side of the cylinder via O/D2, pipe 35 and pipe 7.
  • This pressure pulse is ended by switching O/D2, after which first Dy/02 and after that O/D2 return to the starting position.
  • the valve configuration can therefore generate supply pulses and deceleration pulses to the left and to the right and control the flow in two directions.
  • Figure 2f gives an alternative for the switch of figure 2b. This switch makes quicker switching from lifting to lowering the load (or reversal of a connected hydro engine) possible.
  • the combination O plus D is effective in the manner already described.
  • the combination D3 plus O is functioning.
  • Operating the three valves corresponds to the operation of the three valves from the preceding figure 2e and is further elucidated in the figure description of figure 3c.
  • Figure 3 gives a practical constructive embodiment for the valve combinations O plus D and D2 plus O2.
  • the left valve is O or D2 and the right valve D or O2.
  • the mechanical design of the valves can be identical in principle.
  • the plunger members 7 and 7a are part of the switch valves which act as switching valves for the return movement of the valves O and D via the channels 25 and 26, which provide the gates 11 and 11 a with low pressure (pI, PI1 ) or high pressure Ph.
  • the plungers 8 and 8a in the embodiment according to figure 3 are part of the actual main valve with which the fluid flows to and from the hydraulic machine are switched.
  • the gate 17a is connected to channel 4 and gate 15 to Ph.
  • the gates 17-16 or 15a-16a connect the channel 7 to the low pressure connection PI (or Pl1).
  • valve combination The working of the valve combination is as follows. In the depicted starting position channel 26 is under high pressure Ph via the opened gate 13. Adjustment plunger 6a however will not move because gate 11 a is closed off by plunger 6a, and also the small quick electro valve 3a is closed. The electro valve 5a is open then and connects the space 40a above plunger 6a to low pressure Pl. Leak-off oil which reaches the space 40a above the plunger from gate 11a is discharged via valve 5a which in the top or starting position connects the space above the adjustment plunger 40a to low pressure. The position of plunger 6a is stable as a result. As soon as from the depicted position the small electro valve 5a is closed and valve 3a is opened, plunger 6a starts moving and opens gate 11a.
  • Plunger 6a will now move downwards very quickly as a result of supply of oil under high pressure via the broad channel 26.
  • the main valve is opened via the gates 16a and 17a and plunger 8a and a broad connection of Ph to channel 4 is created.
  • the channel 25 to gate 11 is also brought under pressure Ph via gate 14a and 13a and plunger 7a, as a result of which the left valve is enforced.
  • the valve body 6a-7a-8a-9a moves very quickly and switches during the working stroke S1.
  • the buffer piston 9a closes the broad discharge via channel 18a from the buffer cylinder to PI.
  • the buffer piston 9a is strongly decelerated after that, and during the buffer stroke S3 supply taking place from the buffer cylinder via valve 21 a to Ph.
  • the diameter of the buffer piston 9a is larger than the diameter of the driving plunger 6a and dimensioned such that the kinetic energy of the valve body at the end of a relatively short buffer stroke is mainly or entirely converted into useful return supply to Ph.
  • the spring 10 and 10a from the figure description given above can be replaced by a plunger which is under permanent pressure and which exerts a constant upward force.
  • the buffer piston can also be constructed such that the top and bottom displacement space are separated, the top space being connected to low pressure PI of for instance atmospheric level and the bottom space being connected to the low pressure PI1 of for instance 10 bar so that the valve spool of the valves O and D experiences a permanent upward force.
  • the hydraulic medium with pressure PI1 can then freely flow to the bottom displacement space during the up-going stroke whereas during the down-going stroke the medium freely flows from said bottom displacement space to the pressure level PI1 during the first part S1 of the stroke, and during the buffer part S3 flows to the high pressure tank with pressure Ph via non-return valve 21 and 21a.
  • valve spools move back upwards under the influence of the springs 10 and 10a as soon as the pressure in the channels 25 and 26, respectively, goes to level PI. At the end of the up-going stroke the movement is buffered via the space above the pistons 9 and 9a.
  • valves 3 and 5 are very small and as a result of that also very quick working electric on-off valves.
  • Valve 5 and 5a can also be replaced by pressure operable valves which open when the pressure above the adjustment plungers 6 and 6a in pipe 1 and 1 a drops below a low threshold value, and close as soon as the pressure in pipe 1 and 1 a exceed a low threshold value again.
  • Valve 5 in the drawn embodiment is necessary to prevent building up-of pressure taking place in the space above the adjustment plungers as a result of leakage from the channels 25 and 26 to the spaces 40 and 40a above the adjustment plungers 6 and 6a. During building-up of pressure the valve may switch spontaneous and unwantedly, and the top position of the adjustment plunger becomes instable.
  • valves 5 and 5a are left out and in the starting position the spaces 40 and 40a are not connected to low pressure.
  • a stable top position in this embodiment is among others achieved by means of a shut tight sealing from channel 26 and 25 to the space 40, 40a above the plungers 6 and 6a, which sealing is also such that the plungers will start immediately when there is pressure in the spaces 40 and 40a.
  • Figure 3a shows how a shut tight sealing can be achieved by applying elastic sealing materials and such a constructive design that the plungers will start immediately when valve 3 is opened.
  • the sealing ring 28, which is enclosed in the groove 29, is made of elastic material which seals against the narrow sealing edge 27 of plunger 6 or 6a.
  • this ring 28 (which may also be an enclosed O-ring) in the top position of the plungers 6 and 6a springily abuts the upper edge 27 of the plungers 6 or 6a and the edges of the slit 30 between the plunger edge 27 and the top edge of the plunger cylinder.
  • the sealing ring 28 is pressed down by the pressure in the space 11 or 11a and therewith closes off the slit 30 shut tight.
  • the plunger experiences only a small force directed downwards in the starting position as a result of the high pressure in space 11 or 11a.
  • a pressure balance is created over the sealing ring which no longer seals as a result, so that the spaces 11, 11a and 40, 40a are connected to each other and the downward plunger movement is started immediately.
  • the adjustment plungers are designed as normal control plungers 6 and 6a which move in the accompanying plunger cylinders.
  • Quick switching auxiliary valves SHV 1 and 2 are accommodated in the channels 25 and 26. These SHV valves are switch valves with a large passage which can be opened very quickly. The starting is done such that for instance first channel 26 is brought under pressure in the manner described above, the valve SHV 2 being closed. In order to start plunger 6a, SHV 2 is opened.
  • valve combinations OD two valves were always taken as starting point, which valves switched the supply and discharge from and to each other's adjustment or control plunger 6 and 6a via the channels 25 and 26. It is possible however to use a separate third valve as switch valve in order to simultaneously switch both channels 25 and 26 from high pressure to low pressure near both ends of the stroke of valve O or D2. The number of necessary valves then goes up to three.
  • the third valve can be a simple pressure controtted switch valve but it may also have the same design as the described OD valves.
  • the requirement is made that during simultaneous moving back the valve spools of the valves O and D to the top starting position, no short-term connection may be created between the high pressure connection Ph and the pipe 4 to the hydraulic machine (also see figures 1 and 2).
  • This requirement can be met by the known art for instance by dimensioning the valve spools and the gates and/or by enlarging the length of stroke of the valve spool for one and/or both valves.
  • the dimensioning is already such that said requirement is met, because at the simultaneous moving back of the valve spools to the top starting position the pipe 4 and gate 17a are indeed closed by valve D at the moment that the gate 15 is connected to high pressure Ph by valve O.
  • valves 0 and D can switch simultaneously. This means that the open period of the valve combination OD (or the closed period of the combination 02 and D2) can be controlled from unlimitedly long to nil. The minimum pulse length can therefore be unlimitedly reduced here.
  • the minimal pulse length is determined by the time necessary for activating the second valve O after the first valve D has started. This time in itself is very short already and may be further reduced by dimensioning the first valve such that the valve D switching first, in comparison to the second valve O, after the starting signal needs a little more time to open the actual main valve.
  • the latter can be realised on the basis of the known art by the correct dimensioning or for instance by giving the first valve D a relatively longer plunger stroke and/or by making the diameter of the plunger 6a smaller than the diameter of plunger 6.
  • the dimensioning given in figure 3 for instance with a reduction of the plunger surface of plunger 6a to half the plunger surface of plunger 6 it will already be obtained that the minimal pulse length can be reduced to almost nil.
  • Figure 3b shows a schematical view of the embodiment of figure 3.
  • Figure 3c schematically shows how the embodiment according to figure 2e (and figure 2f) with three valves O/D2, Dx/O2 and Dy/O2 can be realised with valve embodiments which are similar in construction to the embodiments which have already been described with figure 3, which description is referred to here.
  • Valve O/D2 enforces in the drawn position of figure 3e both the adjustment plunger 6a of valve Dx/O2 via pipe 25 and the adjustment plunger 6b of valve Dy/O2 via pipe 25a.
  • each of the valves Dx/O2 and Dy/O2 can further connect the adjustment plunger 6 of valve O/D2 to high pressure Ph, and in the top position to the low pressure PI.
  • Dx/O2 takes care of the pressure supply from Ph by switching downwards
  • pipe 26 is directly connected to Ph (through the valve member 7a) via Dx/O2.
  • Dy/O2 takes care of the pressure supply by switching downwards
  • pipe 26 is connected to Ph via Dx/O2, pipe 26a and Dy/O2 (valve member 7b).
  • valve O/D2 always cooperates with one of either valves Dx/O2 or Dy/O2.
  • the three valves can in principle be entirely the same mechanically and also identical to the embodiment shown in figure 3, in which case series production with relatively large series becomes possible.
  • valves can take care of the pressure supply to each other's adjustment cylinders in a similar way as elucidated here for the valves OD2, DxO2 and DyO2, respectively.
  • valves 0 O2, D, D2, D3, O/D2, Dx/O2 and Dy/O2 are started in another way the same connection can be used as in figure 3e and 3f.
  • FIG 3d an embodiment is shown of the single quick switching valves SV1, SV2, SV3 and SV4 from the figures 1 and 1a-1e.
  • the valves are moved by two operation plungers 70 and 71 of different diameters. Buffering takes place with help of the buffer pistons 73 and 74 in a manner similar to the buffering of the valves O and D described above.
  • the operation plungers 70 and 71 are energized via operable quick switching valves SHV1 and SHV2 which were mentioned above already.
  • the working of the SV valve is as follows.
  • the remaining stoke length B2 is the maximum buffer stroke length in which the fluid from the buffer cylinder 74a is pressed to high pressure Ph via non-return valve t1. Because the diameter of the buffer plunger 74 is much larger than the driving plunger 70 the valve spool comes to a standstill very quickly the kinetic energy being converted into useful supply of energy back to a high pressure level Ph.
  • valve spool After the valve spool has come to a complete standstill the pressure in space 70a rises to Ph after which SHV1 closes.
  • SHV2 In order to lift the valve spool again and to thus end the supply pulse, SHV2 is opened. As a result the valve spool goes up under influence of the high pressure in plunger cylinder 71 a. Switching and buffering takes place in a manner similar to the manner described above. Subsequently valve SHV2 closes with which the starting position is reached again.
  • An advantage of said SV valve is that only one valve spool 70, 73, 74, 71 will suffice.
  • An objection is that the minimum open and closed period is relatively long with regard to the combination valves OD, because after the starting signal, SHV1 has to react first and subsequently the SV valve has to make a complete stroke before the starting signal can be given to SHV2 for the closing movement. This series connection of activities hampers reaching the wanted very short opening or closing pulse.
  • the control varies the pulse length and the pulse frequency of the deceleration and supply pulses and operates the return valves present.
  • the embodiment of the possible controls will not be further gone into.
  • the switching device with the combination valves OD may have a broader use than the uses described above for the DHPT devices and devices for driving hydro engines with intermittently working valves.
  • supply pulses of constant length and variable frequency could also be realised with these combination valves OD.
  • a constant pulse length is obtained then with a valve combination DO which is series connected, in which the valve spools start simultaneously but in which valve O closes later than the moment on which D opens. The latter can be reached by a slower movement of the valve spool of O and/or a certain placing and dimensioning of the valve gates and/or for instance by a difference in stroke length of the valve spools.
  • valve D always opens a same period of time earlier than valve o closes a constant opening or supply pulse is created.
  • Moving back can take place gradually by a movement which is generated by for instance a rotating cam disc, the cam being formed such that in a certain position of the driving shaft both valve spools of O and D are simultaneously released and start to move downwards under influence of a force directed downwards which is exerted for instance by a spring present to that end.
  • the valves are moved back in the desired manner by the moving cam.
  • the number of pulses in this device will be proportional to the number of revolutions of the cam disc whereas the pulse length remains constant.
  • pulses can for instance be used as starting pulses for a free piston engine, as for instance described in patent application PCT/NL96/00157 dated 10-4-96.
  • the frequency of the free piston engine will become proportional to the number of revolutions of the shaft which drives the cam disc and which can also be used for driving auxiliary machines, particularly the auxiliary machines which preferably have to be driven with a number of revolutions synchronous to the stroke frequency of the free piston engine.
  • a scavenging pump can for instance be thought of here and of a lifting pump with which hydraulic medium is pumped up from the existing reservoir with atmospheric pressure to the pressure tank with low system pressure PI1 of for instance 10 bar.
  • FIG 4a gives a view of the anti cavitation accumulator ACA mentioned before.
  • This ACA is characterized in that the pressure which the accumulator can exert on the fluid, has been maximized to a pre-determined pressure which is equal or lower than system pressure present on the spot.
  • the ACA in the figures which deal with a so-called “high pressure ACA”, is connected directly via a short and broad pipe 13 to the point 4a in pipe 4 directly behind the quick switching valve SV1.
  • the ACA is also connected to the low pressure reservoir with a pressure PI1 of for instance 10 bar via the non-return valve t2a.
  • the accumulator space 70 below the accumulator membrane 71 is filled with hydraulic medium under pressure PI1.
  • the accumulator space 73 above the accumulator membrane is the gas volume of the ACA.
  • This gas volume has a pressure which depends on the pre-pressure of the ACA.
  • the pre-pressure or filling pressure Pv is the pressure which the ACA can maximally exert on the connected hydraulic medium. In the depicted embodiment this is the pressure prevailing in the gas space 73 in the situation where the membrane 71 abuts the perforated or porous support plate 74.
  • Said pre-pressure Pv is smaller or equal to the lowest system pressure which has a value of Pl1 here.
  • Figure 4b shows a "high pressure ACA" of which the gas side is in open connection to the outside air.
  • the gas pressure is constant and atmospheric as a result.
  • the pressure in pipe 5 and in the ACA will rise to the highest pressure level Ph which will prevail in point 4a as soon as the quick switching valve SV1 opens.
  • the ACA has to be able to withstand to this pressure level here as well and to that end is constructed relatively heavy and also the membrane 71 is pressed to the support plate 74 with larger force.
  • the advantage of this type of high pressure ACA is that the flow from the ACA to space 4a can take place unimpeded and practically without pressure loss.
  • the high pressure ACA can thus react very quickly to the sudden pressure drops in point 4a.
  • the maximum speed of reaction in this regard occurs when the ACA is placed as close to pipe 4 as possible, which is shown in figure 4g.
  • the ACA has the shape of an insertable plug.
  • the working of the ACA from figure 4b is similar to the one from figure 4a.
  • the ACA from figure 4b is more simple because the filling valve 76 is lacking and the pre-pressure needs not to be set and adjusted.
  • the pre-pressure is lower than with the ACA from figure 4a as a result of which this ACA is a little less capable to meet extremely quick pressure drops in point 4a.
  • Figure 4c shows a situation with two low pressure levels.
  • a level PI1 of for instance 10 bar in the auxiliary accumulator 80 and an atmospheric level of PI in the low pressure reservoir mentioned earlier. Because the pre-pressure of the ACA is not allowed to be higher than the lowest available system pressure PI on the spot, relatively little pressure is available for the supply to point 4a. In some cases this available pressure level is nonetheless adequate to ensure a sufficient fluid flow to point 4a.
  • This filling can for instance take place by connecting the supply pipes 81 to the exits of the buffer cylinders of the valves OD from figure 3 and additionally to have said buffer cylinders work as pump cylinders for the auxiliary accumulator 80 with known means during the switch stroke S1 (see figure 3). It is also possible to use the supply pulse for energizing the small plunger which drives a larger auxiliary plunger which serves to fill the auxiliary accumulator during the supply pulse.
  • valve SV1 opens the situation can be compared to the situation described with figure 4a and figure 4b, respectively.
  • the supply to point 4a then first mainly takes place from the ACA, subsequently mainly from the auxiliary accumulator 80.
  • a special situation may occur here in which the auxiliary accumulator 80 becomes exhausted. In that case the pressure in the auxiliary accumulator 80 drops. When the auxiliary accumulator is completely exhausted the pressure in point 4a drops to the level PI. At that moment there is the requirement that meanwhile the fluid velocity from point 4a has dropped to such an extent that the supply to point 4a from the low pressure reservoir, under influence of PI, can keep pace with it.
  • Figure 4d and 4e show a "low pressure ACA". Because of the presence of the non-return valve t3 between point 75 and point 4a this ACA is no longer exposed to the occurring high pressure in pipe 4 when the quick switching valve SV1 is opened.
  • the ACA can as a result be of a lighter construction but can meet the pressure drops in point 4 a little less well because the opening pressure of the non-return valve t3 has to be overcome for the inflow of fluid to point 4a and the mass of the valve body of that valve has to be accelerated. For the rest these ACA's work like those from figures 4a, b and c.
  • the ACA is designed as a spring accumulator instead of a membrane accumulator.
  • the maximum pressure the ACA can exert on the fluid volume 70 is determined here by the force of the pressed in spring 78.
  • Figure 4g can be compared here to figure 4c with this difference that the ACA is constructed here as low pressure ACA and that the auxiliary accumulator 80a is constructed as spring accumulator.
  • Figure 4h shows a sketch-like view of a high pressure ACA which further is self-evident.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Dispositif de commutation pour des systèmes hydrauliques comprenant un réservoir sous pression hydraulique et une machine hydraulique connectés l'un à l'autre par une conduite de connexion hydraulique, lequel dispositif de commutation vient se placer dans la conduite de connexion hydraulique, ledit dispositif de commutation comprenant un ensemble de valves comprenant une première valve (D, D2, D3, Dx, Dy) et une seconde valve (O, O2) qui sont actionnables par des signaux de commande et qui sont disposées en série, lesdites première et seconde valves étant valves à deux positions, ladite première valve pouvant être actionnée de manière à être commutée entre une première position, dans laquelle la première valve est fermée et ferme la conduite de connexion, et une seconde position dans laquelle elle est ouverte, et ladite seconde valve pouvant être actionnée de manière à être commutée entre une première position, dans laquelle elle est ouverte, et une seconde position dans laquelle elle est fermée et ferme la conduite de connexion, lequel dispositif de commutation est conçu pour être amené en une position active ouverte en ouvrant la première valve très rapidement tout en maintenant la seconde valve ouverte, et la position active du dispositif de commutation pouvant prendre fin en fermant très rapidement la seconde valve tout en maintenant la première valve en position ouverte.
  2. Dispositif de commutation selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les corps de valve du dispositif de commutation ou la valve de commutation rapide (SV1-4, O, O2, D, D2, D3, DxO2, DyO2) peuvent être déplacés par l'actionnement d'un plongeur de réglage (70, 71, 6, 6a, 6b) qui comporte des pistons tampons (73, 74, 9, 9a) ayant un diamètre plus important que le diamètre du plongeur d'actionnement ou de réglage.
  3. Dispositif de commutation selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel les première et seconde valves hydrauliques peuvent être actionnées par un plongeur d'actionneur ou de réglage hydraulique se déplaçant dans un cylindre d'actionnement, une ou plusieurs desdites première et seconde valves comprenant en outre une valve de commutation (7-14-15 et (7a-14a-15a) qui fonctionne comme valve d'inversion et qui, par le biais d'un canal (25, 25a, 26, 26a) connecte le cylindre d'actionnement d'une ou de plusieurs autres valves à un plongeur d'actionnement ou de réglage (6, 6a, 6b) s'y trouvant et selon une pression élevée ou basse.
  4. Dispositif de commutation selon la revendication 3, dans lequel, lors de la position supérieure ou de départ du plongeur d'actionnement (6, 6a, 6b), il n'y a aucune connexion entre l'espace situé au-dessus du plongeur d'actionnement (40, 40a) et un espace à basse pression, le côté supérieur du plongeur d'actionnement comportant de préférence un bord cylindrique étroit (27) qui se prolonge vers le haut et qui, dans la position de départ, repose de manière étanche contre un anneau (28) fait d'un matériau élastique et situé dans une gorge annulaire (29) dans le côté supérieur du cylindre du plongeur, lequel anneau (27) assure également l'étanchéité d'une fente annulaire (30) qui entre en butée contre l'intérieur du bord cylindrique (27) du plongeur (6, 6a) et qui assure une connexion vers l'espace (40, 40a) situé au-dessus du plongeur (6, 6a, 6b).
  5. Système comprenant un réservoir hydraulique et une machine hydraulique (6c), lequel réservoir hydraulique et laquelle machine hydraulique sont connectés l'un à l'autre par le biais d'une conduite de connexion pour fluide (2, 4, 7) et par un dispositif de commutation (SV) servant à la régulation du débit intermittent entre ledit réservoir et ladite machine hydraulique, lequel dispositif de commutation est placé dans la conduite de connexion et consiste en un dispositif de commutation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4.
  6. Système selon la revendication 5, dans lequel ledit réservoir hydraulique consiste en une source à haute pression.
  7. Système selon la revendication 5 ou 6, lorsqu'elles dépendent de la revendication 3 ou 4, dans lequel le dispositif de commutation est actif pour deux directions d'écoulement x et y et comprend au moins trois valves (O/D2, DxO2 et DyO2), dans lequel la valve O/D2 peut fonctionner en série avec la valve DxO2 ou avec la valve DyO2 et constitue, dans cette combinaison, la seconde valve (O) dans l'alimentation de fluide respectivement dans la direction x ou y et connecte également, dans la première position, un canal (35) à la source à haute pression Ph mais ferme cette connexion dans la seconde position, dans lequel la valve DxO2 constitue la première valve (D) dans l'alimentation dans la direction x et constitue la seconde valve (O2) dans le refoulement dans la direction y, connecte, dans la première position, une conduite 4 de la machine hydraulique à une pression basse P1 et connecte, dans la seconde position, la conduite (4) au canal (35), et dans lequel la valve DyO2 constitue la première valve (D) dans l'alimentation dans la direction y, constitue la seconde valve (o2) dans le refoulement dans la direction x, connecte, dans la première position, la conduite (7) de la machine hydraulique à la basse pression Pl, et connecte, dans la seconde position, la conduite (7) au canal (35).
  8. Système selon la revendication 5, 6 ou 7, comprenant un accumulateur anti-cavitation (ACA) connecté à la ligne de connexion pour fluide et, par le biais d'un clapet anti-retour, à un réservoir ayant une pression de système basse (P1, P11), caractérisé en ce que, au-dessus d'une pression maximale de la pression d'entrée à l'entrée de l'accumulateur (75), dont le maximum est inférieur ou égal à la pression de système basse connectée, la quantité totale de fluide dans l'accumulateur est indépendante de la pression d'entrée, ce qui signifie que dans le cas d'un accumulateur à membrane rempli de gaz, la membrane est supportée au niveau du côté gaz (73) de la membrane (71).
  9. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 8, dans lequel la première valve (D) est située en aval de la seconde valve (O).
  10. Procédé pour acheminer un milieu hydraulique depuis un réservoir à haute pression (Ph) vers une machine hydraulique, notamment un vérin hydraulique, par le biais d'un tuyau (4, 7) comportant un dispositif de commutation rapide (O-D, O2-D2) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel une masse intermédiaire (m) consistant en la masse du liquide présent dans la section de tuyau (4, 7) entre le dispositif de commutation et la machine, est activée par le milieu hydraulique s'écoulant à travers le dispositif de commutation de manière à assurer une alimentation intermittente du milieu hydraulique vers la machine, ceci en transformant l'énergie hydraulique envoyée vers le dispositif de commutation pendant la période ouverte ou active du dispositif de commutation en énergie cinétique de la masse intermédiaire, lesdites première et seconde valves étant maintenues dans leur première position avant d'activer le fluide hydraulique lorsque le dispositif de commutation est en position de départ, la première position de la première valve étant fermée et la première position de la seconde valve étant ouverte, après quoi le dispositif de commutation est amené en position ouverte active en ouvrant la première valve très rapidement tout en maintenant la seconde valve ouverte, et dans lequel la position active du dispositif de commutation prend fin en fermant très rapidement la seconde valve tout en maintenant la première valve en position ouverte, ce qui permet d'obtenir une augmentation et une diminution intermittentes, graduelles et efficaces sur le plan de l'énergie de la pression à l'entrée de la machine hydraulique.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, suivi par une étape consistant à fermer la première valve et à ouvrir la seconde valve à nouveau de manière à ramener le dispositif de commutation dans sa position de départ.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 10 ou 11, dans lequel la première valve est située en aval de la seconde valve.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 10, 11 ou 12, dans lequel le dispositif de commutation est commuté vers un tuyau parallèle qui est adjacent à la section de tuyau allant vers la machine hydraulique connectée, et qui possède un diamètre inférieur à celui du tuyau de sorte que, par impulsion d'alimentation, la quantité de fluide envoyée vers la machine hydraulique diminue.
EP98962706A 1997-12-24 1998-12-24 Dispositif de transformation de pression hydraulique en mode numerique (dhpt) Expired - Lifetime EP1042596B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1007912A NL1007912C2 (nl) 1997-12-24 1997-12-24 Verliesarme flow regeling voor hydromotoren en cilinders werkend vanuit een accumulator zoals bij toepassing van een vrije-zuiger aggregaat.
NL1007912 1997-12-24
NL1008588 1998-03-13
NL1008588 1998-03-13
PCT/NL1998/000734 WO1999034100A1 (fr) 1997-12-24 1998-12-24 Dispositif de transformation de pression hydraulique en mode numerique (dhpt)

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EP1042596A1 EP1042596A1 (fr) 2000-10-11
EP1042596B1 true EP1042596B1 (fr) 2006-01-18

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6158401A (en) * 1999-02-24 2000-12-12 Caterpillar Inc. Method of operating a free piston internal combustion engine with pulse compression
DE10026728A1 (de) 1999-11-24 2001-05-31 Mannesmann Rexroth Ag Freikolbenmotor
DE10033443A1 (de) * 2000-07-10 2002-02-07 Mannesmann Rexroth Ag Freikolbenmotor
JP4096700B2 (ja) * 2002-11-05 2008-06-04 日産自動車株式会社 内燃機関の可変圧縮比装置
CN109268355A (zh) * 2018-11-09 2019-01-25 汕头大学 一种微米级别精度的多输出液压位置控制系统

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3811795A (en) * 1973-01-12 1974-05-21 Flow Research Inc High pressure fluid intensifier and method
SE380640B (sv) * 1974-03-22 1975-11-10 Tedeco Ag Anordning for proportionell elektrohydraulisk fjerrstyrning av ett flertal hydrauliska manoverventiler.
US4435133A (en) * 1977-10-17 1984-03-06 Pneumo Corporation Free piston engine pump with energy rate smoothing
DE4000185A1 (de) * 1989-01-11 1990-07-12 Komatsu Dresser Co Vorrichtung und verfahren zum verhindern von kavitation in einem hydrostatischen getriebe mit geschlossenem kreislauf
AU5163896A (en) * 1995-04-10 1996-10-30 T. Potma Beheer B.V. Operation and control of a free piston aggregate
JPH0914202A (ja) * 1995-06-28 1997-01-14 Sumitomo Constr Mach Co Ltd 建設機械のネガティブコントロール回路

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