EP1038980B1 - Agglomération de minérai de fer à émissions réduites de gaz toxiques par récirculation des effluents gazeux - Google Patents

Agglomération de minérai de fer à émissions réduites de gaz toxiques par récirculation des effluents gazeux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1038980B1
EP1038980B1 EP00301900A EP00301900A EP1038980B1 EP 1038980 B1 EP1038980 B1 EP 1038980B1 EP 00301900 A EP00301900 A EP 00301900A EP 00301900 A EP00301900 A EP 00301900A EP 1038980 B1 EP1038980 B1 EP 1038980B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
feedstock
sinter
waste gases
strand
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00301900A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1038980A3 (fr
EP1038980A2 (fr
Inventor
Stuart Martyn Southern
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Corus UK Ltd
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Corus UK Ltd
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Publication of EP1038980A3 publication Critical patent/EP1038980A3/fr
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Publication of EP1038980B1 publication Critical patent/EP1038980B1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/16—Sintering; Agglomerating
    • C22B1/20—Sintering; Agglomerating in sintering machines with movable grates
    • C22B1/205—Sintering; Agglomerating in sintering machines with movable grates regulation of the sintering process

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the suppression of toxic byproducts which are generated during sintering of iron ore.
  • the invention concerns a method of and apparatus for suppressing the synthesis of chloro-organic pollutants, especially polychlorinated dioxins and furins (hereinafter referred to as PCDD/Fs), and the release of acidic gases during sintering.
  • PCDD/Fs polychlorinated dioxins and furins
  • the conversion of iron ore into for example iron rich agglomerates, for subsequent reduction in blast furnaces is a process known as sintering.
  • the sinter process comprises heating a layer of iron ore until partial melting occurs to cause individual iron particles to become fused together.
  • the heat necessary to achieve this is provided by forced combustion of fine coke (known as coke breeze) which is mixed inter alia with the iron ore to be reduced and fluxes prior to delivery to a sinter plant.
  • coke breeze fine coke
  • the process is continuous; a travelling grate transports the sinter mix as a bed to an ignition hood which ignites the coke in the upper surface of the sinter bed. Thereafter, the combustion of the coke lower down in the mix is maintained by air flowing through the bed.
  • the air flow may be generated by a suction fan.
  • the travelling grate carries the sinter mix over a series of "wind boxes" which draw air through the sinter mix.
  • the waste gases pass from wind boxes through "wind legs" which link to a "wind main".
  • These gases contain noxious emissions including inter alia PCDD/Fs, oxides of nitrogen and other acidic compounds such as hydrogen chloride and sulphur dioxide. Therefore, the waste gas is typically treated to clean the gas before being exhausted to the atmosphere.
  • PCDD/Fs present two of the most potentially harmful combustion by-products of the sinter process.
  • PCDD/Fs are a family of chlorinated organic compounds having a general formula (A) and (B) respectively: The degree of toxicity varies and depends on the number and position of chloride substitutions on the aromatic carbon ring.
  • PCDD/F precursors are formed from the pyrolysis and chlorination of the organic material that represents the more primary combustion products such as hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide, water, hydrogen, ethylene and acetylene.
  • PCDD/Fs are thus synthesised de novo as a result of thermal reactions between precursor compounds.
  • the precursor pentachlorophenol (C) can interact to produce the dioxin octachlorodioxin (D).
  • D dioxin octachlorodioxin
  • some of the PCDD/Fs may recombine downstream to produce a different set of compounds which may have higher or lower toxicity. Some of the non-toxic isomers may be converted to toxic isomers and vice versa.
  • the 'fingerprint' of toxic isomers is specific to their formation mechanism; for example in combustion processes, furans are synthesised to a greater extent than dioxins and the pentachlorinated furan is the major contributor to total toxicity.
  • EP-A-371945 Another method used in municipal waste disposal is exemplified in EP-A-371945.
  • This document discloses a method for extracting dioxins from a gas which comprises contacting the gas with a liquid aerosol over a predetermined period of time.
  • the particles present in the aerosol are electrically charged and subsequently separated from the gas with the aid of a wet electrostatic precipitator or electric field.
  • Ammonia gas or ammonia releasing compounds such as alkanolamines, have demonstrated a potential to control simultaneously emissions of several pollutants of concern, such as dioxins, hydrogen chloride, sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen.
  • EP-A-0 875 587 an efficient and cost effective method of reducing toxic emissions, more especially PCDD/F formation, from a sinter strand, whilst keeping the quantity of ammonia gas released into the atmosphere at low levels and without the need to introduce complex modifications to existing strand equipment.
  • Their method comprised the sequential steps of producing a sinter feedstock by substantially homogeneously mixing inter alia iron ore with 0.01 to 0.09% by weight of a solid compound which releases ammonia on thermal decomposition, depositing said feedstock onto moving grate and combusting the same to produce sintered products rich in iron.
  • BE-A-877216 discloses a sinter belt furnace in which air leaving a sinter cooler is used in an ore ignition hood to achieve savings in natural gas consumption. Ore to be agglomerated is fed onto the sinter belt which travels above a row of wind boxes, the first of which is covered by an ignition hood.
  • FR-A-2444720 discloses a gas circulation system for a sinter belt in which gases collected in suction boxes positioned alongside the belt is purified and fed into the final cooling zone of the sinter plant.
  • GB-A-707583 discloses a calcining or sintering process in which waste gases drawn through a sinter bed are divided into relatively hot and cooler gas portions with the hotter gas portion being recycled through the sinter bed.
  • the present inventors have now discovered an alternative method of reducing toxic emissions with or without the addition of exogenous chemicals to the sinter strand.
  • Dioxins are known to be formed in the approximate temperature range 200 to 400°C. Dioxin formation has been reduced in other industries by ensuring that waste gases which may produce dioxins are cooled to below 250°C as soon as possible to avoid prolonged reaction times in this critical temperature range.
  • the gas passes through a packed bed of sinter mix and the gas temperature at the bottom of the sinter strand as it enters each wind box will be different depending on the position of the wind box along the strand.
  • the exit temperature is relatively stable at approximately 100°C. This rapidly rises towards the end of the strand, peaks at up to 400°C and then drops slightly at the end of the strand.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the correlation between the temperature of the waste gases and the windleg number along the sinter strand.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the correlation between the PCDD/F formation in the waste gases and the wind box number along the sinter strand.
  • the invention provides a method of sintering iron ore in a sinter strand comprising providing a sinter feedstock and depositing said feedstock onto a travelling grate, igniting said feedstock using a sinter strand burner(s), and combusting said feedstock by drawing air through the feedstock with a plurality of wind boxes situated along the length of the strand, to produce sintered products rich in iron and waste gases, characterised in that only waste gases from the final 20% of the plurality of wind boxes whose waste gas temperature exceeds 250°C are recycled either to provide combustion feed gas for the feedstock or gas for the sinter strand ignition burner(s) in order to reduce substantially or eliminate the production of dioxins, and wherein the waste gases are rapidly cooled to a temperature below 200°C.
  • the invention may involve the cooling of the waste gases in one or more of the wind boxes.
  • the temperature may be reduced by injecting a liquid or a gas (e.g. gaseous ammonia) into the waste gases in the or each wind box, and/or into the waste gases in their passage subsequent to the or each wind box.
  • the liquid may be water for example, the water may be added in the form of steam.
  • the liquid comprises ammonia which may further reduce the level of dioxins in the gas.
  • the rate at which the liquid may be introduced may be determined by the rate at which air is drawn into the wind boxes.
  • the external surface of the or each wind box and/or the external surface of any conduit leading from the or each wind box may be cooled by a supply of fluid, either liquid or gas, e.g. water, for example, in the form of steam.
  • a supply of fluid either liquid or gas, e.g. water, for example, in the form of steam.
  • the travelling grate of the sinter strand may be cooled, for example, with water, e.g. steam.
  • a heat exchanger may be used to lower the temperature of the waste gases.
  • the sinter feedstock may include 0.01 to 0.09% by weight of a solid compound which releases ammonia on thermal decomposition.
  • the ammonia compound may be substantially homogeneously mixed with iron ore in the sinter feedstock.
  • the strand comprises a travelling grate 1, onto which pre-mixed constituents of a sinter bed are deposited via a hopper 2. Mixing of these constituents is effected in a blender 3.
  • the mixed constituents include iron ore and iron ore fines, burnt lime, coke breeze and optionally measured quantities of ammonia releasing compounds in solid, e.g. pellet form.
  • the deposited sinter bed feedstock passes below an ignition hood 4, which ignites the coke breeze, combustion being enhanced and continued by the flow of large quantities of air, drawn through the bed by a series of wind boxes (not shown) along the stack.
  • Sintered ore leaves the bed at the end of the grate remote from the hopper 2 and passes through a series of treatment stages. Waste gases of combustion leave the furnace through more stacks 5.
  • the illustrated strand is typical of many conventional strands, the essential difference being that the waste gases which contain levels of toxicity exceeding desired limits are specifically recycled or that the waste gases of a temperature suitable for the formation of toxic dioxins are rapidly cooled.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Procédé d'agglomération d'un minerai de fer dans une chaíne d'agglomération comprenant l'étape consistant à constituer une charge à agglomérer et à déposer ladite charge sur une grille roulante, à allumer ladite charge à l'aide d'un ou de plusieurs brûleur(s) de la chaíne d'agglomération, et à faire brûler ladite charge en faisant passer de l'air à travers la charge à l'aide d'une pluralité de boítes à vent situées le long de la chaíne, de manière à produire des produits agglomérés riches en fer et des effluents gazeux,
       caractérisé en ce que seuls les effluents gazeux provenant des derniers 20 % de la pluralité de boítes à vent dont la température des effluents gazeux dépasse 250°C sont recyclés pour fournir soit le gaz d'alimentation de combustion pour la charge, soit le gaz pour le(s) brûleur(s) d'allumage de la chaíne d'agglomération afin de réduire sensiblement, voire de supprimer, la production de dioxines, les effluents gazeux étant rapidement refroidis à une température inférieure à 200°C.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le refroidissement rapide des effluents gazeux est réalisé dans une boíte à vent.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, dans lequel la température des effluents gazeux est réduite en injectant un liquide ou un gaz dans une boíte à vent.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la température des effluents gazeux est réduite en ajoutant un liquide ou un gaz aux effluents gazeux après qu'ils ont quitté la ou chaque boíte à vent.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 3 ou la revendication 4, dans lequel le liquide est de l'eau se présentant sous la forme de vapeur.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 3 ou la revendication 4, dans lequel le gaz est de l'ammoniac gazeux.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 3 ou la revendication 4, dans lequel le liquide contient de l'ammoniac.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 7, dans lequel la vitesse à laquelle le liquide est ajouté est déterminée par la vitesse à laquelle l'air est aspiré dans les boítes à vent.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 7, dans lequel la surface extérieure d'une boíte à vent et/ou la surface extérieure de tout conduit partant d'une boíte à vent est refroidie par une alimentation en fluide.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la charge à agglomérer comprend de 0,01 à 0,09 % en poids d'un composé solide produisant de l'ammoniac au moment de la décomposition thermique.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, dans lequel le composé ammoniac est mélangé de manière sensiblement homogène avec du minerai de fer dans la charge à agglomérer.
EP00301900A 1999-03-19 2000-03-08 Agglomération de minérai de fer à émissions réduites de gaz toxiques par récirculation des effluents gazeux Expired - Lifetime EP1038980B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9906323 1999-03-19
GB9906323A GB2347940A (en) 1999-03-19 1999-03-19 Iron ore sintering process with reduced emissions of toxic gases

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1038980A2 EP1038980A2 (fr) 2000-09-27
EP1038980A3 EP1038980A3 (fr) 2000-12-06
EP1038980B1 true EP1038980B1 (fr) 2005-09-14

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00301900A Expired - Lifetime EP1038980B1 (fr) 1999-03-19 2000-03-08 Agglomération de minérai de fer à émissions réduites de gaz toxiques par récirculation des effluents gazeux

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1038980B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE304613T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE60022566T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2248014T3 (fr)
GB (1) GB2347940A (fr)

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB707583A (en) * 1951-07-03 1954-04-21 Metallgesellschaft Ag Process of and apparatus for calcining, calcining and sintering, dehydration or drying
US3849115A (en) * 1972-03-24 1974-11-19 Mcdowell Wellman Eng Co Sintering process
US4023960A (en) * 1972-10-25 1977-05-17 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Process for cleaning waste gases from sintering plants
US3973762A (en) * 1974-05-17 1976-08-10 Dravo Corporation Sintering process and apparatus
AT352408B (de) * 1978-03-24 1979-09-25 Voest Ag Verfahren zum brennen von pellets auf einem wanderrost
FR2444720A1 (fr) * 1978-12-22 1980-07-18 Delattre Levivier Procede d'utilisation des gaz aspires dans une installation d'agglomeration de minerais et installation d'agglomeration perfectionnee
BE877216A (fr) * 1979-06-22 1979-12-24 Centre Rech Metallurgique Perfectionnements aux procedes de conduite d'une bande d'agglomeration de minerais
FR2540139A1 (fr) * 1983-01-27 1984-08-03 Lorraine Laminage Procede d'agglomeration de minerai avec utilisation de combustible gazeux, et installation pour le mettre en oeuvre
WO1995027802A1 (fr) * 1994-04-06 1995-10-19 Steag Aktiengesellschaft Procede et systeme de traitement thermique de materiaux

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9906323D0 (en) 1999-05-12
ES2248014T3 (es) 2006-03-16
EP1038980A3 (fr) 2000-12-06
ATE304613T1 (de) 2005-09-15
DE60022566D1 (de) 2005-10-20
EP1038980A2 (fr) 2000-09-27
GB2347940A (en) 2000-09-20
DE60022566T2 (de) 2006-06-14

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