EP1032282B1 - Biodegradable filter for cigarettes - Google Patents

Biodegradable filter for cigarettes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1032282B1
EP1032282B1 EP98965660A EP98965660A EP1032282B1 EP 1032282 B1 EP1032282 B1 EP 1032282B1 EP 98965660 A EP98965660 A EP 98965660A EP 98965660 A EP98965660 A EP 98965660A EP 1032282 B1 EP1032282 B1 EP 1032282B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter according
binder
filter
cellulose mat
cellulose
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98965660A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1032282A2 (en
Inventor
Edgar Mentzel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH
Original Assignee
Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH
HF and PhF Reemtsma GmbH and Co
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Priority to SI9830437T priority Critical patent/SI1032282T1/en
Publication of EP1032282A2 publication Critical patent/EP1032282A2/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/08—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent
    • A24D3/10—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent of cellulose or cellulose derivatives

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a biodegradable filter according to Preamble of claim 1.
  • paper filters are an ecological one optimal solution. The low success of pure paper filters but is based on several material-specific properties of the paper.
  • paper filters The main problem with paper filters is the difference in taste of smoke compared to conventional cellulose acetate filter cigarettes. They make other problems clear different retention, significantly worse hardness with the same retention and a coarse-pored structure of the filter cut surface compared to cellulose acetate filters.
  • the paper is in fleece or Leaf form, the cellulose acetate in fiber form before. All attempts about different processing methods, e.g. B. the different strong crimping or pleating of the paper web to the optical and haptic properties of the cellulose acetate failed to achieve. So far there is none Process known the paper in its chemical retention properties to change so that it corresponds to the acetate.
  • Double filters which contain a paper and a cellulose segment, constructed.
  • This embodiment is due to complicated manufacturing techniques expensive and not yet optimal from an ecological perspective.
  • EP 0 032 044 B1 discloses a method for producing fiber webs with loosely packed fibers, in which the dry fibers are applied to a carrier web in a sieve in an air stream.
  • the fibers are not subjected to cross-flow forces as they pass through a forming head and exit therefrom, thereby maintaining a substantially uniform basis weight in the transverse direction of the fiber web. It can be used to produce fiber beds with basis weights of more than 70 g / m 2 .
  • This known method is also referred to as an "air-laid" method. Due to the fluffiness of the cotton-like material, however, it was not possible to manufacture cigarette filters.
  • EP-A-0 711 512 discloses a cigarette filter consisting mainly of cellulose esters.
  • the filter material ie the cellulose ester, can also contain other substances which are referred to as secondary or secondary components. These other substances, which may also be present, include natural cellulose.
  • the object of the invention is to develop a monofilter which is significantly more biodegradable than cellulose acetate and at the same time maintains the taste impression, the appearance, the hardness and the retention property of cellulose acetate indistinguishably for the consumer, the production should be possible in a simple manner ,
  • the processed cellulose fibers are not suspended in water as in the classic paper production process and placed on a permeable sieve to form sheets, on which the cellulose fibers then cross-link with each other due to their grinding and fibrillation, but they are separated as much as possible placed in an air stream, which transports them onto a permeable endless sieve and places them on this in an unordered manner.
  • a mechanical bond and thus the necessary strength, which is required for further processing, is obtained by adding a binder such as e.g. As polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polymer starch, dextrin or latex.
  • the degree of density (g / cm 3 ) and thus the volume or thickness is set by means of subsequent calendering.
  • the weight per unit area (g / m 2 ) is controlled via the sieving speed or the fiber entry into the air flow.
  • the five fibrous web strips 1-5 which are obtained by longitudinal cuts in the fibrous web 10 of FIG. 1, are first folded in a V-shape by a suitable device, as shown in FIG.
  • the free ends of the V-shaped fibrous web strips 1-5 are then placed next to one another and the strips are brought together by a suitable device such that the apex 14 of the V-shaped fibrous web strips are arranged in the area around the central axis of the cigarette filter to be produced and are thus spirally adjacent to one another a cylinder jacket are rotated, as indicated schematically in Figure 3 in cross section.
  • the individual fibrous web strips 1-5 are so close together after the spiral winding according to FIG.
  • the fiber web strips 1-5 wound according to FIG. 3 are held together in the usual way by a filter covering paper 12, so that the paper filter according to the invention has the appearance of a cellulose acetate filter after its completion.
  • the analytically and physically determined data are corresponding valid DIN / ISO regulations have been created and show no differences within the measuring accuracy.
  • the Taste rating was assessed by 15 trained smokers performed and resulted in insignificant comparisons in pairs Differences.
  • the biodegradation of the cigarette filter material according to the invention takes place within a period of time comparable to that of commercially available (cigarette) cellulose filter material. This means a clear improvement over the cellulose acetate.
  • the biodegradation is assessed according to the "storm test” used in industry, which was described by RN Sturm in J. Americ. Oil Chemists' Soc. 50 (1973) May, pp. 159-167 in the article "Biodegradability of nonionic surfactants: screening test for predicting rate and ultimate biodegradation".

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
  • Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Abstract

A filter for tobacco products, in particular cigarettes, is made of a cellulose nonwoven fabric produced by an air-laid process and spirally rolled.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen biologisch abbaubaren Filter gemäß Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a biodegradable filter according to Preamble of claim 1.

Für Cigaretten stellen Papierfilter aus ökologischer Sicht die optimale Lösung dar. Der trotzdem geringe Erfolg reiner Papierfilter ist aber auf mehrere materialspezifische Eigenschaften des Papiers zurückzuführen.For cigarettes, paper filters are an ecological one optimal solution. The low success of pure paper filters but is based on several material-specific properties of the paper.

Das Hauptproblem von Papierfiltern ist die geschmackliche Andersartigkeit des Rauches im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Celluloseacetatfilter-Cigaretten. Weitere Probleme stellen die deutlich unterschiedliche Retention, eine deutlich schlechtere Härte bei gleicher Retention und eine grobporige Struktur der Filterschnittfläche im Vergleich zu Celluloseacetatfiltern dar.The main problem with paper filters is the difference in taste of smoke compared to conventional cellulose acetate filter cigarettes. They make other problems clear different retention, significantly worse hardness with the same retention and a coarse-pored structure of the filter cut surface compared to cellulose acetate filters.

Diese Probleme führen dazu, daß der Raucher Cigaretten mit Papierfiltern aus geschmacklichen, optischen und haptischen Gründen ablehnt.These problems cause the smoker to smoke cigarettes with paper filters for taste, visual and haptic reasons rejects.

Als Hauptursache hierfür kann die unterschiedliche Form der Materialien gesehen werden. Das Papier liegt in Vlies- oder Blattform, das Celluloseacetat in Faserform vor. Alle Versuche über unterschiedliche Verarbeitungsverfahren, z. B. das unterschiedlich starke Krimpen oder Plissieren des Papiervlieses, um die optischen und haptischen Eigenschaften des Celluloseacetats zu erreichen, sind fehlgeschlagen. Ebenso ist bis dato kein Verfahren bekannt, das Papier in seinen chemischen Retentionseigenschaften so zu verändern, daß es dem Acetat entspricht. The main reason for this can be the different form of Materials are seen. The paper is in fleece or Leaf form, the cellulose acetate in fiber form before. All attempts about different processing methods, e.g. B. the different strong crimping or pleating of the paper web to the optical and haptic properties of the cellulose acetate failed to achieve. So far there is none Process known the paper in its chemical retention properties to change so that it corresponds to the acetate.

Als Folge dieser ungelösten Probleme werden Cigaretten heute mit Doppelfiltern, die ein Papier- und ein Cellulosesegment enthalten, konstruiert.As a result of these unresolved problems, cigarettes are becoming common today Double filters, which contain a paper and a cellulose segment, constructed.

Diese Ausführungsform ist bedingt durch komplizierte Herstelltechniken teuer und aus ökologischer Sicht noch nicht optimal.This embodiment is due to complicated manufacturing techniques expensive and not yet optimal from an ecological perspective.

Aus der EP 0 032 044 B1 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Faserbahnen mit locker gepackten Fasern bekannt, bei dem die trockenen Fasern in einem Luftstrom in ein Sieb auf eine Trägerbahn aufgebrächt werden. Die Fasern werden bei ihrem Durchgang durch einen Formierungskopf und ihrem Austritt daraus keinen Querströmungskräften unterworfen, wodurch ein im wesentlichen gleichmäßiges Basisgewicht in Querrichtung der Faserbahn beibehalten wird. Damit lassen sich Faserbetten mit Flächengewichten von mehr als 70 g/m2 herstellen. Dieses bekannte Verfahren wird auch als "Air-Laid" Verfahren bezeichnet. Aufgrund der Flauschigkeit des watte-ähnlichen Materials ließen sich damit jedoch keine Cigarettenfilter herstellen. EP 0 032 044 B1 discloses a method for producing fiber webs with loosely packed fibers, in which the dry fibers are applied to a carrier web in a sieve in an air stream. The fibers are not subjected to cross-flow forces as they pass through a forming head and exit therefrom, thereby maintaining a substantially uniform basis weight in the transverse direction of the fiber web. It can be used to produce fiber beds with basis weights of more than 70 g / m 2 . This known method is also referred to as an "air-laid" method. Due to the fluffiness of the cotton-like material, however, it was not possible to manufacture cigarette filters.

Die EP-A-0 711 512 offenbart einen Cigarettenfilter, der hauptsächlich aus Celluloseester besteht. Dabei kann das Filtermaterial, also der Celluloseester auch andere Substanzen enthalten kann, die als sekundäre oder zweitrangige Komponenten bezeichnet werden. Zu diesen anderen Substanzen, die zusätzlich vorhanden sein können, gehört u.a. natürliche Cellulose. EP-A-0 711 512 discloses a cigarette filter consisting mainly of cellulose esters. The filter material, ie the cellulose ester, can also contain other substances which are referred to as secondary or secondary components. These other substances, which may also be present, include natural cellulose.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Monofilter zu entwickeln, der deutlich besser biologisch abbaubar als Celluloseacetat ist und dabei den Geschmackseindruck, das Aussehen, die Härte und die Retentionseigenschaft von Celluloseacetat für den Konsumenten nicht unterscheidbar beibehält, wobei die Herstellung auf einfache Weise möglich sein soll. The object of the invention is to develop a monofilter which is significantly more biodegradable than cellulose acetate and at the same time maintains the taste impression, the appearance, the hardness and the retention property of cellulose acetate indistinguishably for the consumer, the production should be possible in a simple manner ,

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe dienen die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1. The features of claim 1 serve to achieve this object.

Überraschenderweise hat sich gezeigt, daß ein Papier, das nach einem sog. Air-Laid-Verfahren hergestellt,und zu einem Filter in der erfindungsgemäßen Weise weiterverarbeitet wurde, die gestellte Aufgabe löst.Surprisingly, it has been shown that a paper made according to an air-laid process, and a filter in was further processed according to the invention, the posed Solves task.

Bei dem Air-Laid-Verfahren werden die aufbereiteten Cellulosefasern nicht wie im klassischen Papierherstellungsverfahren in Wasser suspendiert und zur Blattbildung auf ein durchlässiges Sieb gegeben, auf dem sich dann die Cellulosefasern, bedingt durch deren Mahlung und Fibrillierung, untereinander vernetzen, sondern sie werden maximal vereinzelt in einen Luftstrom gegeben, der sie auf ein durchlässiges Endlossieb transportiert und auf diesem ungeordnet ablegt. Hierdurch erhält man ein fast watteförmiges voluminöses Vlies, das so keine mechanische Festigkeit oder Faserverknüpfung aufweist. Eine mechanische Bindung und damit die notwendige Festigkeit, die zur Weiterverarbeitung erforderlich ist, erhält man durch in den Luftstrom erfolgende Zugabe eines Bindemittels wie z. B. Polyvinylalkohol, Polyvinylacetat, Polymerstärke, Dextrin oder Latex. Den Grad der Dichte (g/cm3) und damit der Voluminösität bzw. Dicke stellt man über anschließendes Kalandrieren ein. Das Flächengewicht (g/m2) wird über die Siebgeschwindigkeit oder den Fasereintrag in den Luftstrom gesteuert.In the air-laid process, the processed cellulose fibers are not suspended in water as in the classic paper production process and placed on a permeable sieve to form sheets, on which the cellulose fibers then cross-link with each other due to their grinding and fibrillation, but they are separated as much as possible placed in an air stream, which transports them onto a permeable endless sieve and places them on this in an unordered manner. This results in an almost wad-shaped, voluminous fleece, which has no mechanical strength or fiber linkage. A mechanical bond and thus the necessary strength, which is required for further processing, is obtained by adding a binder such as e.g. As polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polymer starch, dextrin or latex. The degree of density (g / cm 3 ) and thus the volume or thickness is set by means of subsequent calendering. The weight per unit area (g / m 2 ) is controlled via the sieving speed or the fiber entry into the air flow.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an Hand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert; es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine nach dem Air-Laid Verfahren hergestellte Faserbahn mit in Längsrichtung verlaufenden Schnittlinien;
Figur 2
die angedeutete Art der Faltung der geschnittenen Faserbahnstreifen;
Figur 3
die spiralförmige Wicklung der Faserbahnstreifen von Figur 2.
The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment; show it:
Figure 1
a fiber web manufactured according to the air-laid method with longitudinal cutting lines;
Figure 2
the indicated type of folding of the cut fiber web strips;
Figure 3
the spiral winding of the fiber web strips of Figure 2.

Figur 1 zeigt eine nach dem Air-Laid Verfahren hergestellte Faserbahn 10 mit einem Flächengewicht von etwa 40-50g/m2, die beginnend von einer Linie A-A in eine Anzahl von n Faserbahnstreifen geschnitten ist, wobei für das dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel gilt n = 5. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, daß n aber auch eine andere Anzahl sein kann, beispielsweise 4 oder 6, wobei allerdings n = 4 eine bevorzugte Anzahl ist, die sich allerdings zeichnerisch in der spiralförmigen Anordnung gemäß Figur 3 nicht gut darstellen ließ.FIG. 1 shows a fiber web 10 produced by the air-laid method with a weight per unit area of approximately 40-50 g / m 2 , which is cut into a number of n fiber web strips starting from a line AA, n = 5 for the exemplary embodiment shown. It is pointed out that n can also be a different number, for example 4 or 6, although n = 4 is a preferred number, which, however, could not be represented well in the spiral arrangement according to FIG. 3.

Die fünf Faserbahnstreifen 1-5, die durch Längsschnitte in der Faserbahn 10 von Figur 1 erhalten werden, werden gemäß Erfindung durch eine geeignete Vorrichtung zunächst V-förmig gefaltet, wie dies in Figur 2 dargestellt ist. Anschließend werden die freien Enden der V-förmig gefalteten Faserbahnstreifen 1-5 aneinander gelegt und die Streifen durch eine geeignete Vorrichtung derart zusammengeführt, daß die Scheitel 14 der V-förmig gefalteten Faserbahnstreifen im Bereich um die Mittelachse des herzustellenden Cigarettenfilters angeordnet und spiralförmig aneinanderliegend so zu einem Zylindermantel gedreht werden, wie dies Figur 3 im Querschnitt schematisch andeutet. In der Realität liegen die einzelnen Faserbahnstreifen 1-5 nach der spriralförmigen Wicklung gemäß Figur 3 durch eine Vorpressung so dicht aneinander, daß dadurch der Eindruck eines homogenen, geschlossenen Filters entsteht, die wie das mundseitige Ende eines Celluloseacetat-Filters aussieht. Mit anderen Worten erkennt man aufgrund der Flauschigkeit des Materials nicht mehr, daß nur wenige Lagen von Faserbahnstreifen spiralförmig so miteinander verdrillt sind, wie dies Figur 3 zeigt.According to the invention, the five fibrous web strips 1-5, which are obtained by longitudinal cuts in the fibrous web 10 of FIG. 1, are first folded in a V-shape by a suitable device, as shown in FIG. The free ends of the V-shaped fibrous web strips 1-5 are then placed next to one another and the strips are brought together by a suitable device such that the apex 14 of the V-shaped fibrous web strips are arranged in the area around the central axis of the cigarette filter to be produced and are thus spirally adjacent to one another a cylinder jacket are rotated, as indicated schematically in Figure 3 in cross section. In reality, the individual fibrous web strips 1-5 are so close together after the spiral winding according to FIG. 3 by a pre-pressing that this gives the impression of a homogeneous, closed filter which looks like the mouth end of a cellulose acetate filter. In other words, due to the fluffiness of the material, one can no longer see that only a few layers of fibrous web strips are twisted spirally with one another, as shown in FIG. 3 .

Die gemäß Figur 3 gewickelten Faserbahnstreifen 1-5 werden auf übliche Weise von einem Filterbelagpapier 12 zusammengehalten, so daß der erfindungsgemäße Papierfilter nach seiner Fertigstellung das Aussehen eines Celluloseacetats-Filters hat.The fiber web strips 1-5 wound according to FIG. 3 are held together in the usual way by a filter covering paper 12, so that the paper filter according to the invention has the appearance of a cellulose acetate filter after its completion.

Beispiele:Examples:

Die in der nachfolgenden Tabelle aufgeführten Cigarettenmuster wurden angefertigt und miteinander verglichen:

Figure 00050001
The cigarette samples listed in the table below were made and compared:
Figure 00050001

Als Filtermaterialien wurden folgende Spezifikationen eingesetzt:

  • Acetat 3,0y/35000 HK mit 7 % Triacetinbeaufschlagung
  • Acetat 2,1y/36000 SK mit 7 % Triacetinbeaufschlagung
  • Air-Laid B+D 48 g/m2, Latexbinder und ca. 0,8 mm Dicke
          E 70 g/m2, Latexbinder und ca. 1,1 mm Dicke
    • The following specifications were used as filter materials:
  • Acetate 3.0y / 35000 HK with 7% triacetin loading
  • Acetate 2.1y / 36000 SK with 7% triacetin loading
  • Air-Laid B + D 48 g / m 2 , latex binder and approx. 0.8 mm thick
    E 70 g / m2, latex binder and approx. 1.1 mm thick

    • Darin bedeuten HK = hochgekräuselt und SK = superstark gekräuselt.Here HK = crimped up and SK = super crimped.

    Ergebnis: Result :

    Die analytisch und physikalisch ermittelten Daten sind entsprechend gültiger DIN/ISO-Vorschriften erstellt worden und zeigen im Rahmen der Meßgenauigkeiten keine Unterschiede. Die geschmackliche Bewertung wurde von 15 geschulten Rauchern durchgeführt und führten im paarweisen Vergleich zu nicht signifikanten Unterschieden.The analytically and physically determined data are corresponding valid DIN / ISO regulations have been created and show no differences within the measuring accuracy. The Taste rating was assessed by 15 trained smokers performed and resulted in insignificant comparisons in pairs Differences.

    Der biologische Abbau des erfindungsgemäßen Cigarettenfiltermaterials erfolgt innerhalb einer vergleichbaren Zeitspanne wie bei handelsüblichem (Cigaretten-) Cellulosefiltermaterial. Dies bedeutet eine eindeutige Besserstellung gegenüber dem Celluloseacetat. Die Bewertung des biologischen Abbaus erfolgt nach dem in der Industrie gebräuchlichen "Sturm-Test", der von R.N. Sturm in J. Americ. Oil Chemists' Soc. 50 (1973) Mai, S. 159-167 in dem Artikel "Biodegradability of nonionic surfactants: screening test for predicting rate and ultimate biodegradation" beschrieben ist.The biodegradation of the cigarette filter material according to the invention takes place within a period of time comparable to that of commercially available (cigarette) cellulose filter material. This means a clear improvement over the cellulose acetate. The biodegradation is assessed according to the "storm test" used in industry, which was described by RN Sturm in J. Americ. Oil Chemists' Soc. 50 (1973) May, pp. 159-167 in the article "Biodegradability of nonionic surfactants: screening test for predicting rate and ultimate biodegradation".

    Claims (14)

    1. A filter for tobacco products, in particular cigarettes, which is manufactured from a cellulose mat produced in accordance with an air-laid process,
      characterised in that fibrous web strips (1-5) of the cellulose mat that are folded in a V shape are disposed, in the region of their apices (14), around the centre axis of the cigarette filter to be manufactured and, lying against each other in a spiral, are twisted into a cylindrical casing.
    2. A filter according to Claim 1,
      characterised in that the grammage of the cellulose mat is between 20 and 100 g/m2.
    3. A filter according to Claim 2,
      characterised in that the grammage of the cellulose mat is between 40 and 70 g/m2.
    4. A filter according to one of Claims 1-3,
      characterised in that the thickness of the cellulose mat is between 0.5 - 1.5 mm.
    5. A filter according to Claim 4,
      characterised in that the thickness of the cellulose mat is between 0.7 - 1.2 mm.
    6. A filter according to one of Claims 1-5,
      characterised in that 5 - 30 % binder is added to the cellulose mat.
    7. A filter according to Claim 6,
      characterised in that the cellulose mat contains 20 % binder.
    8. A filter according to Claim 6 or 7,
      characterised in that the binder is latex.
    9. A filter according to Claim 6 or 7,
      characterised in that the binder is polyvinyl alcohol.
    10. A filter according to Claim 6 or 7,
      characterised in that the binder is polyvinyl acetate.
    11. A filter according to Claim 6 or 7,
      characterised in that the binder is a copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene.
    12. A filter according to Claim 6 or 7,
      characterised in that the binder is a water-soluble starch.
    13. A filter according to Claim 12,
      characterised in that the binder is a water-soluble polymer starch.
    14. A filter according to Claim 13,
      characterised in that the binder is dextrin.
    EP98965660A 1997-11-21 1998-11-10 Biodegradable filter for cigarettes Expired - Lifetime EP1032282B1 (en)

    Priority Applications (1)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    SI9830437T SI1032282T1 (en) 1997-11-21 1998-11-10 Biodegradable filter for cigarettes

    Applications Claiming Priority (3)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE19753195 1997-11-21
    DE19753195A DE19753195A1 (en) 1997-11-21 1997-11-21 Biologically decomposable filter for cigarettes
    PCT/EP1998/007121 WO1999026496A2 (en) 1997-11-21 1998-11-10 Biodegradable filter for cigarettes

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP1032282A2 EP1032282A2 (en) 2000-09-06
    EP1032282B1 true EP1032282B1 (en) 2003-07-02

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    JP (1) JP2001523478A (en)
    KR (1) KR20010015833A (en)
    CN (1) CN1287697C (en)
    AT (1) ATE243949T1 (en)
    AU (1) AU2152599A (en)
    BG (1) BG64687B1 (en)
    CZ (1) CZ297655B6 (en)
    DE (2) DE19753195A1 (en)
    EA (1) EA001848B1 (en)
    EE (1) EE200000269A (en)
    ES (1) ES2201570T3 (en)
    HK (1) HK1033247A1 (en)
    HR (1) HRP20000417B1 (en)
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    OA (1) OA11413A (en)
    PL (1) PL187199B1 (en)
    PT (1) PT1032282E (en)
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    TW (1) TW575405B (en)
    UA (1) UA70934C2 (en)
    WO (1) WO1999026496A2 (en)
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    DE10115120A1 (en) * 2001-03-27 2002-10-02 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Method and appliance for producing filters comprise two cutters, two rollers, bobbin, two guides with openings for strips
    DE102004042809A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2006-03-23 Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken Gmbh Process for producing filters for tobacco products
    US7479098B2 (en) 2005-09-23 2009-01-20 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Equipment for insertion of objects into smoking articles
    DE102009016148A1 (en) * 2009-04-03 2010-10-14 Mcairlaid's Vliesstoffe Gmbh & Co. Kg Filter material for cleaning air and gases
    CN101919592B (en) * 2009-06-12 2012-05-23 佳木斯合成实业有限责任公司 Wooden fiber paper adhesive-applied filter rod for cigarettes and preparation method thereof
    US20110180084A1 (en) * 2010-01-27 2011-07-28 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Apparatus and associated method for forming a filter component of a smoking article
    US10064429B2 (en) * 2011-09-23 2018-09-04 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Mixed fiber product for use in the manufacture of cigarette filter elements and related methods, systems, and apparatuses
    PL2712510T3 (en) * 2012-09-28 2016-08-31 Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken Gmbh Smoking article
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    CZ20001828A3 (en) 2001-11-14
    HUP0004346A2 (en) 2001-04-28
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    PL187199B1 (en) 2004-05-31
    CN1279586A (en) 2001-01-10
    TR200001450T2 (en) 2001-07-23
    ATE243949T1 (en) 2003-07-15
    CZ297655B6 (en) 2007-02-21
    EP1032282A2 (en) 2000-09-06
    UA70934C2 (en) 2004-11-15
    YU49401B (en) 2005-11-28
    HRP20000417A2 (en) 2001-12-31
    AU2152599A (en) 1999-06-15
    EA001848B1 (en) 2001-08-27
    YU30800A (en) 2002-09-19
    EE200000269A (en) 2001-08-15
    SK284074B6 (en) 2004-09-08
    HUP0004346A3 (en) 2001-05-28
    PL341089A1 (en) 2001-03-26
    ES2201570T3 (en) 2004-03-16
    SK7412000A3 (en) 2000-10-09
    PT1032282E (en) 2003-11-28
    HK1033247A1 (en) 2001-08-24
    WO1999026496A3 (en) 1999-08-12
    OA11413A (en) 2004-04-20
    WO1999026496A2 (en) 1999-06-03
    BG104548A (en) 2001-02-28
    KR20010015833A (en) 2001-02-26
    HRP20000417B1 (en) 2006-06-30
    NO20002553D0 (en) 2000-05-18
    NO20002553L (en) 2000-05-18
    EA200000550A1 (en) 2000-10-30
    DE19753195A1 (en) 1999-05-27
    BG64687B1 (en) 2005-12-30
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    TW575405B (en) 2004-02-11
    CN1287697C (en) 2006-12-06

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