EP1026522A2 - Système et procédé pour surveiller une région du côté d'un véhicule - Google Patents

Système et procédé pour surveiller une région du côté d'un véhicule Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1026522A2
EP1026522A2 EP99124297A EP99124297A EP1026522A2 EP 1026522 A2 EP1026522 A2 EP 1026522A2 EP 99124297 A EP99124297 A EP 99124297A EP 99124297 A EP99124297 A EP 99124297A EP 1026522 A2 EP1026522 A2 EP 1026522A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vehicle
unit
elements
receiving
angle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99124297A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1026522A3 (fr
Inventor
Heiner Bayha
Werner Dr. Philipps
Alexandra Sinn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Schalter und Sensoren GmbH
Original Assignee
Valeo Schalter und Sensoren GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Schalter und Sensoren GmbH filed Critical Valeo Schalter und Sensoren GmbH
Publication of EP1026522A2 publication Critical patent/EP1026522A2/fr
Publication of EP1026522A3 publication Critical patent/EP1026522A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/93—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S17/931—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system and a Method for monitoring an area on the side of a Vehicle in a dynamic traffic environment.
  • a driver of a vehicle can use the area around the vehicle around directly through the vehicle windows and indirectly look through the vehicle rear view mirror. Through the The driver can essentially the vehicle windows Area in front of the vehicle and areas to the side of the View vehicle. The area behind the vehicle can View the driver through the rear-view mirror of the vehicle Areas behind or behind the vehicle several vehicle exterior mirrors.
  • blind spot areas of the vehicle Due to the restricted field of vision of the driver and the geometric conditions on a vehicle (e.g. due to spars between the Vehicle windows), however, it is the driver of the vehicle not possible all areas around a vehicle to see. There are immediately behind and in front of the vehicle Areas that the driver cannot see. Likewise there there are areas on the side of the vehicle that the driver is without a significant change in the field of vision due to rotation of his head cannot see. These unobservable Areas on the side of the vehicle are called Blind spot areas of the vehicle.
  • the areas are known from the prior art directly in front of and behind the vehicle Monitor parking aids. Since these areas in one dynamic traffic environment are usually unimportant, are the parking aids for a stationary traffic environment aligned. Are in a dynamic traffic environment the vehicle and objects in the area to be monitored Area (usually other vehicles on neighboring Lanes) in motion. In a stationary The vehicle and the objects are in the traffic environment in the area to be monitored, however, almost in Standstill.
  • a stationary traffic environment is, for example Parking the vehicle between two other parked ones Vehicles.
  • a parking aid is, for example, from the DE 32 44 358 A1 known.
  • the parking aid disclosed there has an infrared (IR) transmitter unit on the rear of a vehicle and at a distance from this an IR receiving unit on.
  • IR infrared
  • the one from the IR transmitter unit IR primary rays emitted by an object in the area to be monitored.
  • the reflected IR secondary rays are emitted by the IR receiving unit receive. From the exit angle of the IR primary rays from the IR transmitter unit, from the angle of incidence of the IR secondary rays into the IR receiver unit and out of the Distance between the IR transmitter unit and the IR receiver unit then the distance between the vehicle and determined the object and communicated to the driver.
  • trees, traffic signs not are relevant since they are the vehicle in a dynamic Traffic environment (e.g. when the vehicle changes lanes) usually do not hinder.
  • Objects with a relative high speed of movement e.g. other vehicles on neighboring lanes are considered relevant judged.
  • the system assigns means to the speed of the object Estimate the speed of the object with a Kalman filter on.
  • This known system has the disadvantage that it is very complex and that it is relevant of the objects in a rather complex manner via the Object and vehicle speeds are determined.
  • the present invention is based on the object System of the type mentioned in that regard to design and develop objects in one precisely limited monitored area on the side of a Vehicle easily recognized and objects can be distinguished outside of this range.
  • the system according to the invention monitors the area at the Side of the vehicle. Since the surveillance in one dynamic traffic environment with moving objects and Vehicles, the area on the side of the Vehicle are not continuously monitored. Rather it is for safe and reliable surveillance of the area sufficient if selected sub-areas of the area the side of the vehicle. If objects will be detected within the monitored area this is indicated or communicated to the driver of the vehicle.
  • the contour of the to be monitored can be designed in almost any way. Thereby can on the one hand ensure that also actually all the areas you want on the side of the Vehicle to be monitored and on the other hand that not larger areas than desired are monitored.
  • systems with spatial are in the automotive sector separate transmitter / receiver units undesirable.
  • the spatial separation of the IR transmitter unit is the invention and IR receiver unit for optimal Realization of the system exploited.
  • the monitored area can be more precisely defined, the greater the distance between the IR transmitter and the IR receiver unit.
  • the system according to the invention enables objects in one precisely limited area on the side of the vehicle easy way to recognize and identify objects outside distinguish this area.
  • the invention proposes that the evaluation unit based on the exit angle of the IR primary rays, the Angle of incidence of the IR secondary rays and the distance between the IR transmitter unit and the IR receiver unit determines whether the object is being monitored within the Area.
  • This training is based on the principle that starting out of two at a distance from each other on the side of the Vehicle arranged reference points, the position of a every object point within the area to be monitored through the intersection of two reference lines is determined.
  • the first reference line runs through the first reference point and the object point, the second Reference straight line through the second reference point and the Object point. From the angles of the two reference lines relative to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and from a distance the position of the Object point uniquely determined relative to the vehicle become.
  • the IR transmitter unit For monitoring the area on the side of the vehicle the IR transmitter unit also sends IR primary beams different exit angles. If the IR primary rays on an object on the side of the vehicle hit, the IR primary rays from the object are considered IR secondary rays reflected. At least some of the reflected IR secondary rays then meet in one certain angle of incidence on the IR receiver unit. Out the exit angle, the angle of incidence and the distance of the IR transmission unit to the IR reception unit determines the Evaluation unit, whether the object is in the monitored Area.
  • the monitoring area the blind spot area of the vehicle is.
  • the area to be monitored can be contoured and its size the blind spot range of any Vehicle can be adjusted.
  • the blind spot area can also change depending on the driver's seating position.
  • the area to be monitored can also refer to itself changing blind spot range can be adjusted.
  • the vehicle windows and by means of the vehicle rear-view mirrors can thereby monitor those areas around the Be ensured around the vehicle at a dynamic traffic environment are important.
  • the IR transmitter unit has a plurality of IR transmission elements, each one have limited exit angle range, the individual IR transmission elements are aligned such that the exit angle ranges of the IR transmission elements are arranged side by side in a fan shape.
  • the single ones IR transmission elements are preferably aligned in such a way that the exit angle ranges of the IR transmission elements in are spaced from each other. Then that is the one Case when the distances of the main directions of each Exit angle ranges are larger than that Exit angle ranges of the IR transmission elements.
  • the IR transmission elements are advantageous designed as IR light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
  • the IR receiving unit has several IR receiving elements, the each have a limited range of angles of incidence, the individual IR receiving elements aligned in this way are that the angle of incidence ranges of the IR receiving elements arranged in a fan shape next to each other are.
  • the individual IR receiving elements are preferred aligned so that the angle of incidence of the IR receiving elements arranged at a distance from each other are. This is the case when the distances between the Main directions of the individual angles of incidence larger are than the angle of incidence ranges of the IR receiving elements.
  • the IR receiving elements are advantageously designed as IR photodiodes.
  • the exit angle ranges of the IR transmission elements and / or the angle of incidence ranges of the IR receiving elements in about 5 degrees and the distances of the main directions of the individual exit angle ranges and / or the individual angles of incidence in about 15 degrees.
  • the distances between the individual exit angle ranges or Angle of incidence in about 10 degrees.
  • the IR transmitter unit has six IR transmitter elements and / or the IR receiver unit has six IR receiving elements.
  • Exit or incidence angle ranges of the IR transmission or IR receiving elements of about 5 degrees and a distance the main directions of the exit or Angle of incidence ranges from approximately 15 degrees thus an exit or incidence angle range of total IR transmitter or receiver unit of approximately 80 Angular degree. This can create an almost rectangular area safely and reliably monitored on the side of the vehicle become.
  • the IR transmitter unit is advantageously on one Vehicle exterior mirror on the side of the vehicle to be monitored Vehicle arranged.
  • the IR transmitter unit IR primary rays without being obstructed by protruding vehicle parts or similar in the to be monitored Send out area.
  • the IR transmitter unit can thus Vehicle exterior mirrors are aligned with the primary IR rays be emitted at exit angles that of 10 angular degrees relative to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle range up to 90 degrees.
  • This offset of 10 Angular degrees can be used without compromising the reliability of the Monitoring of the area selected on the side of the vehicle because in a dynamic traffic environment can be assumed that in the angular range this offset does not have any objects that are not previously already in the angular range between 10 and 90 degrees would have been detected.
  • the IR primary rays run then from almost parallel to the vehicle away from the vehicle at right angles. If the IR transmitter unit is arranged on a vehicle exterior mirror, the IR receiving unit preferably laterally at the rear end of the Vehicle arranged.
  • the invention proposes that the IR receiving unit on a vehicle exterior mirror on the to monitoring side of the vehicle is arranged. Then the IR transmitter unit preferably on the side at the rear end arranged of the vehicle.
  • the system has third means for sequential Driving the IR transmitter elements on, so that the individual IR transmitter elements emit IR primary beams one after the other. If the main directions of the exit angle ranges the individual IR transmission elements each around a certain one
  • the IR transmitter unit can be offset from one another in a fan shape in this way successive IR primary rays emit with different exit angles. So can in a simple way, by simply controlling the individual IR transmission elements, the exit angle of the IR primary rays be determined. Determine the first means the exit angle then advantageously from the Ordinal number of the controlled IR transmission element and from the Distances of the main directions of the exit angle ranges of the IR transmission elements. If the IR transmitter unit, as above described in an offset relative to the longitudinal axis of the This offset must also be aligned with the vehicle taken into account when determining the exit angle become.
  • the second means the angle of incidence advantageously from the atomic number of the IR receiving element, that is the IR secondary rays reflected on the object receives, and from the intervals of Main directions of the angles of incidence of the IR receiving elements determine.
  • an offset may be necessary be taken into account.
  • the system has display means to a driver of the Vehicle indicates the presence of an object in the area the side of the vehicle.
  • the display means also show the distance of the object the vehicle.
  • the display means can be the presence of an object and / or the distance of a detected one Object to the vehicle constantly or only at one Show intended lane change.
  • An intended one Lane change can be characteristic Steering angle course or by actuating the turn signal be determined. If there is a risk of a collision with an additional warning device can be activated for the object become. The danger exists, for example, when the driver despite the presence of the object the vehicle in Directs towards the object. In the dangerous situation the display can be particularly emphasized (e.g. through a greater brightness, a different color another symbol or a flashing display) or supplemented by an additional acoustic signal become.
  • the presence of an object and / or the distance of the Objects to the vehicle can be opened to the driver displayed in different ways. It is conceivable that the display takes place in the dashboard or in the Driver's field of vision on the windshield clear cockpit cover or a side window is projected. According to an advantageous development the invention proposes that the display means the Presence of an object and / or the distance of the Object to the vehicle in the vehicle exterior mirror on the Show the side of the vehicle on which the object is located located.
  • the IR transmitter unit and the are advantageous Display means or the IR receiving unit and the Display means designed as a common assembly. This assembly can then be in the vehicle exterior mirror to get integrated.
  • the IR receiving unit and the IR transmitting unit are aligned with each other such that at least one of the IR receiving elements the IR primary rays of at least one of the IR transmission elements can receive immediately.
  • these IR primary rays can use the IR transmitter unit and the IR receiver unit be synchronized with each other.
  • the system Synchronization means for synchronizing the IR transmitter unit with the IR receiver unit.
  • the It is necessary to synchronize the time slots for the Sending and receiving operation of the individual IR transmitters and Coordinate receiving elements.
  • Control advantageously the synchronization means of one of the IR transmission elements of the IR transmission unit in such a way that the IR transmission element in Direction of one of the IR receiving elements Synchronization IR primary beam emits.
  • the Synchronization means preferably control the innermost, IR transmitter element closest to the vehicle.
  • the IR receiving unit actually only receives those from Objects reflected IR secondary rays.
  • synchronization is an exception where an IR receiving element of the IR receiving unit Primary beam as a synchronization beam directly from receives an IR transmission element of the IR transmission unit.
  • the synchronization beam can be turned on by the IR transmitter unit easily synchronized with the IR receiver unit become.
  • Another object of the present invention is in that a method of the type mentioned to design and develop that in a dynamic Traffic environment objects in a precisely delimited, too monitoring area on the side of the vehicle simple way into relevant and irrelevant objects can be distinguished.
  • Fig. 1 is a three-lane roadway with the Reference number 1 marked.
  • a lane 3 is driven by lane 1.
  • the driver of this Vehicle 3 can have an area 4 in front of vehicle 3 look directly through the windshield.
  • One Area 5 behind the vehicle 3, the driver can indirectly view through an interior rearview mirror of vehicle 3.
  • a left vehicle exterior mirror 6 and a right one Vehicle mirror 7 the driver can turn a left rear View field of view 8 and a right rear field of vision 9.
  • the present invention relates to a system for monitoring the areas on the side of the vehicle 3, in particular the blind spot areas 10, 11.
  • the system has an infrared (IR) transmission unit 12 and an IR reception unit 13 on each side of the vehicle 3.
  • the IR transmitter units 12 are in the vehicle exterior mirror 6; 7 integrated on each side.
  • the IR transmitter units 12 each have six IR transmitter elements 14, each of which has a limited exit angle range ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 6 of approximately 5 degrees.
  • the individual IR transmission elements 14 are aligned in such a way that the exit angle ranges ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 6 of the IR transmission elements 14 are arranged side by side in a fan shape, the main directions of the exit angle ranges ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 6 being at a distance of approximately 15 degrees from one another.
  • the IR transmission elements 14 are designed as IR light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
  • the IR receiving units 13 each have six IR receiving elements 15, each of which has a limited angle of incidence range ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 6 of approximately 5 degrees.
  • the individual IR receiving elements 15 are aligned in such a way that the angles of incidence ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 6 of the IR receiving elements 15 are arranged in a fan shape next to one another, the main directions of the angles of incidence ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 6 being at a distance of approximately 15 degrees from one another.
  • the IR receiving elements 15 are designed as IR photodiodes.
  • the IR transmitter unit 12 emits primary IR rays 16 with different exit angles ⁇ i on each side.
  • a second vehicle 18 is driving in a left-hand lane 17 of lane 1.
  • a third vehicle 20 is driving in a right-hand lane 19 of lane 1. If the IR Primary rays 16 strike the second vehicle 18 or the third vehicle 20, the IR primary rays 16 are from the vehicle 18; 20 reflected as IR secondary rays 21. At least some of the IR secondary beams 21 then strike the IR receiver unit 13 at a certain angle of incidence ⁇ i.
  • An evaluation unit determines the exit angle ⁇ i , the angle of incidence ⁇ i and the distance d between the IR transmitter unit 12 and the IR receiver unit 13 then whether the vehicles 18; 20 are located in the monitored areas.
  • the IR primary rays 16 shown in Figure 1 are not on the vehicles 18; 20, but reflected on imaginary objects that are on the edge of the monitored areas 10; 11 are arranged. The delimitation of the monitored areas should be clarified on the basis of the imaginary objects.
  • the IR receiving unit 12 and the IR transmitting unit 13 are aligned so that the innermost one of the IR receiving elements 15, the IR primary rays 16 from the innermost of the IR transmission elements 14 can receive.
  • the System has synchronization means for synchronizing the IR transmitter unit 12 with the IR receiver unit 13.
  • the Synchronization means control the innermost IR transmission element 14 of the IR transmitter unit 12 such that the IR transmitter element 14 towards the innermost IR receiving element 15 a synchronization IR primary beam 23 sends out.
  • the IR transmission element 14 for synchronization forms the seventh IR transmission element 14 of the transmission unit 12 and forms the IR receiving element 15 for synchronization the seventh IR receiving element 15 of the IR receiving unit 13.
  • each IR transmitter unit 12 and two IR receiver units 13 are arranged on each side of the vehicle 3rd. Then preferably one on each side in the front area of vehicle 3 IR transmitter unit 12 arranged, the IR rays from a IR receiving unit 13 in the rear area of vehicle 3 be received. The second IR transmitter unit 12 is then on each side in the rear of the vehicle 3 arranged whose IR rays from an IR receiving unit 13 can be received in the front area of the vehicle.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Automobile Manufacture Line, Endless Track Vehicle, Trailer (AREA)
EP99124297A 1999-02-02 1999-12-06 Système et procédé pour surveiller une région du côté d'un véhicule Withdrawn EP1026522A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19904043 1999-02-02
DE19904043A DE19904043A1 (de) 1999-02-02 1999-02-02 System und Verfahren zum Überwachen eines Bereichs an der Seite eines Fahrzeugs

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1026522A2 true EP1026522A2 (fr) 2000-08-09
EP1026522A3 EP1026522A3 (fr) 2003-08-20

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EP99124297A Withdrawn EP1026522A3 (fr) 1999-02-02 1999-12-06 Système et procédé pour surveiller une région du côté d'un véhicule

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EP (1) EP1026522A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE19904043A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10247290A1 (de) * 2002-10-10 2004-04-22 Volkswagen Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überwachung toter Winkel eines Kraftfahrzeugs
EP1522874A1 (fr) * 2003-10-06 2005-04-13 Valeo Schalter und Sensoren GmbH Aide à la manoeuvre pour vehicules automobiles
WO2006042565A2 (fr) * 2004-10-19 2006-04-27 Daimlerchrysler Ag Procede pour afficher des objets a proximite d'un vehicule
WO2007009815A2 (fr) * 2005-07-22 2007-01-25 Johnson Controls Technology Company Dispositif de detection au moyen de faisceaux croises du franchissement d’une ligne delimitant une voie de circulation sur une surface
US7820977B2 (en) 2005-02-04 2010-10-26 Steve Beer Methods and apparatus for improved gamma spectra generation
US7847260B2 (en) 2005-02-04 2010-12-07 Dan Inbar Nuclear threat detection
US8173970B2 (en) 2005-02-04 2012-05-08 Dan Inbar Detection of nuclear materials

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10303578B4 (de) * 2003-01-30 2015-08-13 SMR Patents S.à.r.l. Gefahrenerkennungssystem für Fahrzeuge mit mindestens einer seitlichen und rückwärtigen Umgebungserfassung
DE102004062497B4 (de) * 2004-12-24 2016-05-19 Daimler Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Reduzierung der Gefahr eines Auffahrunfalls
DE102009052591A1 (de) * 2009-11-10 2011-05-12 Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh Verfahren zum Erfassen eines Objekts in einem Totwinkelbereich eines Fahrzeugs und Fahrassistenzsystem zur Erfassung eines Objekts in einem Totwinkelbereich eines Fahrzeugs
DE102014117830A1 (de) * 2014-12-04 2016-06-09 Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh Verfahren zum Bestimmen eines fahrerspezifischen Totwinkelfeldes für ein Fahrerassistenzsystem, Fahrerassistenzsystem sowie Kraftfahrzeug

Citations (7)

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DE3244358A1 (de) * 1982-12-01 1984-06-14 Daimler Benz Ag Einrichtung zur erfassung von hindernissen als rangierhilfe beim einparken oder wenden eines kraftfahrzeuges
US4479053A (en) * 1981-03-11 1984-10-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Focal plane array optical proximity sensor
CH650080A5 (en) * 1981-05-19 1985-06-28 Albert Touboul Device for indicating the distance of a vehicle with respect to an obstacle
US5086411A (en) * 1988-07-25 1992-02-04 Unisearch Limited Optical location systems
US5122796A (en) * 1986-02-19 1992-06-16 Auto-Sense, Limited Object detection method and apparatus emplying electro-optics
EP0573697A2 (fr) * 1992-06-12 1993-12-15 Leuze electronic GmbH + Co. Dispositif électro-optique pour la localisation d'obstacles
US5463384A (en) * 1991-02-11 1995-10-31 Auto-Sense, Ltd. Collision avoidance system for vehicles

Patent Citations (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4479053A (en) * 1981-03-11 1984-10-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Focal plane array optical proximity sensor
CH650080A5 (en) * 1981-05-19 1985-06-28 Albert Touboul Device for indicating the distance of a vehicle with respect to an obstacle
DE3244358A1 (de) * 1982-12-01 1984-06-14 Daimler Benz Ag Einrichtung zur erfassung von hindernissen als rangierhilfe beim einparken oder wenden eines kraftfahrzeuges
US5122796A (en) * 1986-02-19 1992-06-16 Auto-Sense, Limited Object detection method and apparatus emplying electro-optics
US5086411A (en) * 1988-07-25 1992-02-04 Unisearch Limited Optical location systems
US5463384A (en) * 1991-02-11 1995-10-31 Auto-Sense, Ltd. Collision avoidance system for vehicles
EP0573697A2 (fr) * 1992-06-12 1993-12-15 Leuze electronic GmbH + Co. Dispositif électro-optique pour la localisation d'obstacles

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7504932B2 (en) 2002-10-10 2009-03-17 Volkswagen Ag Method and device for monitoring blind spots of a motor vehicle
WO2004036244A1 (fr) * 2002-10-10 2004-04-29 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Procede et dispositif pour controler l'angle mort d'une automobile
DE10247290B4 (de) * 2002-10-10 2013-04-18 Volkswagen Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überwachung toter Winkel eines Kraftfahrzeugs
DE10247290A1 (de) * 2002-10-10 2004-04-22 Volkswagen Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überwachung toter Winkel eines Kraftfahrzeugs
EP1522874A1 (fr) * 2003-10-06 2005-04-13 Valeo Schalter und Sensoren GmbH Aide à la manoeuvre pour vehicules automobiles
WO2006042565A2 (fr) * 2004-10-19 2006-04-27 Daimlerchrysler Ag Procede pour afficher des objets a proximite d'un vehicule
WO2006042565A3 (fr) * 2004-10-19 2006-07-27 Daimler Chrysler Ag Procede pour afficher des objets a proximite d'un vehicule
US7820977B2 (en) 2005-02-04 2010-10-26 Steve Beer Methods and apparatus for improved gamma spectra generation
US7847260B2 (en) 2005-02-04 2010-12-07 Dan Inbar Nuclear threat detection
US8143586B2 (en) 2005-02-04 2012-03-27 Dan Inbar Nuclear threat detection
US8173970B2 (en) 2005-02-04 2012-05-08 Dan Inbar Detection of nuclear materials
WO2007009815A3 (fr) * 2005-07-22 2007-04-26 Johnson Controls Tech Co Dispositif de detection au moyen de faisceaux croises du franchissement d’une ligne delimitant une voie de circulation sur une surface
FR2888945A1 (fr) * 2005-07-22 2007-01-26 Johnson Controls Tech Co Dispositif de detection au moyen de faisceaux croises du franchissement d'une ligne delimitant une voie de circulation sur une surface
WO2007009815A2 (fr) * 2005-07-22 2007-01-25 Johnson Controls Technology Company Dispositif de detection au moyen de faisceaux croises du franchissement d’une ligne delimitant une voie de circulation sur une surface

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19904043A1 (de) 2000-08-03
EP1026522A3 (fr) 2003-08-20

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