EP1025925B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Umformung von Metallen - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Umformung von Metallen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1025925B1
EP1025925B1 EP99810499A EP99810499A EP1025925B1 EP 1025925 B1 EP1025925 B1 EP 1025925B1 EP 99810499 A EP99810499 A EP 99810499A EP 99810499 A EP99810499 A EP 99810499A EP 1025925 B1 EP1025925 B1 EP 1025925B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compressive deformation
metal piece
hammer
space
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99810499A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1025925A1 (de
Inventor
Walter Zeller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to EP99810499A priority Critical patent/EP1025925B1/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to ES99810499T priority patent/ES2178366T3/es
Priority to PT99810499T priority patent/PT1025925E/pt
Priority to DE59901178T priority patent/DE59901178D1/de
Priority to AT99810499T priority patent/ATE215855T1/de
Priority to KR1020017009700A priority patent/KR20010101918A/ko
Priority to CN00803335A priority patent/CN1338978A/zh
Priority to JP2000597080A priority patent/JP2002536182A/ja
Priority to AU20900/00A priority patent/AU754548B2/en
Priority to CZ20012614A priority patent/CZ20012614A3/cs
Priority to BR0007963-4A priority patent/BR0007963A/pt
Priority to MXPA01007798A priority patent/MXPA01007798A/es
Priority to PCT/CH2000/000052 priority patent/WO2000045976A1/de
Priority to HU0105356A priority patent/HUP0105356A3/hu
Priority to PL00349096A priority patent/PL349096A1/xx
Priority to CA002361521A priority patent/CA2361521A1/en
Publication of EP1025925A1 publication Critical patent/EP1025925A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1025925B1 publication Critical patent/EP1025925B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/08—Upsetting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K21/00—Making hollow articles not covered by a single preceding sub-group
    • B21K21/12—Shaping end portions of hollow articles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a Process for processing a metal part by upsetting as well as an upsetting device.
  • thickenings are usually performed in such a way that a pipe or a metal profile with the greatest wall thickness and the thickness by targeted forging or hammering out at the desired points is reduced.
  • This forging out or hammering out starting from the thickest profiles is a complex process, especially when the percentage of thickening is only small compared to the rest of the tube or profile.
  • Various Attempts to thicken profiles by direct upsetting failed so far failed. Attempts to thicken pipes or rods often caused the Spread or fold profiles sideways in the initial phase of upsetting, where there are throws and thrusts. In the further becomes a non-homogeneous, crystalline structure of the formed material achieved what is undesirable in terms of stability. Thereby arise in Profile also wrinkles like an elephant's trunk.
  • the present invention accordingly relates to the upsetting method as defined in claim 1 and the upsetting device as defined in claim 10.
  • the method according to the invention is referred to as "stutter upsetting". It is important that the acting thrust is initiated in this way that they only come into play in the stowage area and only serve to transport materials.
  • the material to be reshaped Before the actual upsetting process, the material to be reshaped must be pre-tensioned with the appropriate hydraulic pressure so that the stuttering pulses are properly applied.
  • the prestress is preferably located in an area just before the transition to the plastic area. The material is therefore still in the elastic phase in the prestressed state.
  • the pretension is maintained throughout the upsetting process, ie the metal part to be processed remains under pretension between the individual pulses.
  • the tensioned material in particular in the case of larger profiles, is advantageously preheated to just before the flow state.
  • the energy to be supplied and the frequency are determined according to Brillouin (first Brillouin zone). Preheating is preferably carried out locally in the stuffer box by means of microwaves.
  • the pressure pulse can now be applied to the pre-tensioned and preheated material, whereby the tensioned material is made to flow. Because the material becomes soft, the pressure piston can move forward and the pressure decreases; the material can recrystallize. The bias of the material is maintained between the individual pressure pulses. This can be done by using a hydraulic system for the application of force that includes two hydraulic pumps, namely a preload pump for the preload pressure, for example at 40 bar (4 • 10 6 Pa) and a smaller pulse pump for a pressure up to 700 bar (7 • 10 7 Pa).
  • the pipes of these pumps to the piston must be provided with a check valve.
  • a hydraulic system is preferably used to exert a pressure pulse on the compression hammer.
  • the impulse is transmitted from the hydraulic or stuttering piston to the compression hammer.
  • the stuttering piston is moved with oil to the material to be compressed, then the pressure increases in such a way that the tensioned oil in the workpiece causes the desired preload.
  • the lines between pumps and stuttering pistons are inelastic and designed to be reflection-free for the pulse frequency.
  • the pressure pulses are modulated onto the preloaded oil, for example with a frequency-controlled piston control, so that an undamped transmission of the pulse from the hydraulic piston to the compression hammer can take place (compressibility of the hydraulic oil approx. 10 -6 ).
  • the time of upsetting is determined according to Hooke's law, this defines the first half period of the stuttering frequency. For the second half is only to check whether the time available for recrystallization enough. With this method, the stuttering frequency is always on that Material matched. After the last relaxation of the material in the compression area the material is still in the Hooke range, i.e. pre-tensioned. It care must be taken to ensure that the material is removed by pulling the compression hammer away can relax in the compression area, otherwise unwanted thickening next to the upsetting area.
  • FIG. 1 shows a stutter upsetting device 1, which is intended to compress a pipe 2 at one end, forming a larger one Wall thickness.
  • a mandrel 3 Inserted into the tube 2 is a mandrel 3, which serves the Keep the profile of the pipe by preventing material from entering the profile can dodge.
  • the tube is held by the clamping device 4, which exerts a counter pressure on the mandrel 3.
  • the clamping device exercises pressure all around the pipe. This will avoid material can evade in an uncontrolled manner.
  • the pipe 2 to be compressed protrudes further into the Die 5 into it, which is provided with a cooling coil 6, which by a Cooling medium 14 is fed. This causes the high pressures emerging temperatures, if necessary, dissipated.
  • the cathedral 3 protrudes partly into the die 5 through the pipe 2 to be compressed.
  • a bore 9 is provided, which serves as a guide for the extension 8 of the upsetting hammer 7.
  • This Extension defines, together with the die, the compression space 13, in which the material of the pipe can spread during the upsetting process.
  • the Pressure or the required impulses on the compression hammer 7 are by the stuttering piston 10 exercised. This is operated hydraulically, 11 of which Hydraulic line represents and 12 the chamber for the expanding hydraulic oil.
  • the upsetting hammer 7 is on the end face of the die 5 Pipe attached. Then the pipe to be compressed is prestressed so far that the material is still in the elastic range (Hooke's range) located.
  • the hydraulic oil also has an elastic lower pressure range has the advantage here that not only the one to be machined Metal part, but also the hydraulic oil is preloaded. While the upsetting process is therefore in an area in which it has practically no elasticity.
  • FIG. 2 shows the same stutter upsetting device as in FIG. 1, however after the upsetting process.
  • the reference numerals have the same Meaning as in Figure 1.
  • the stuttering piston 10 has moved to the right compared to Figure 1. This made the Stuttering piston 10 is driven into the die 5, the compression hammer facing part of the pipe to be compressed and the The compression space according to FIG. 1 now through the entire compressed part 15 of the to be compressed tube 2 is filled.
  • FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of a stutter upsetting device to carry out the method according to the present invention.
  • the Device 20 is a head upsetting device.
  • the device serves a metal rod or to pinch metal wire at one end to form a head.
  • Metal wire (not shown) is inserted into the bore 21 of the clamping device 22 inserted until one end into the hemispherical recess 23 of the Stauchhammer 24 protrudes until it stops.
  • the upsetting hammer 24 can exert a pressure on the workpiece through the piston 25, whereby at Compression process, which takes place in the same way as described above, that Material in the die 26 and the hemispherical recess 23 in the compression hammer 24 can dodge.
  • the piston 25 is actuated hydraulically. details the clamping device and also the hydraulic system are on this Figure not shown, since they are obvious to a person skilled in the art.
  • FIG. 4 shows a typical arrangement of hydraulic pumps 31, 32 on the piston 10 ( Figures 1 and 2) or 25 ( Figure 3), the pressure on one Compression hammer (not shown) exercises.
  • the larger hydraulic pump 32 serves to maintain a permanent preload pressure during the Upsetting process, e.g. 40 bar.
  • the smaller pump 31 is used to exercise periodic pulse pressure, with a higher pressure, e.g. of 700 bar, the sufficient for the transition from Hookeschen to plastic Area is.
  • the lines 34, 35 from the pumps 31, 32 to the piston are provided with check valves 36, 37.
  • check valves 36, 37 For better clarity are small diagrams 38, 39 with a schematic above the pump symbols Indication of the pressure curve shown.
  • FIG. 5 shows a pressure / displacement diagram a for an upsetting process according to the present invention.
  • h represents Hooke's range and A the leader point.
  • FIG. 6 shows a pressure / time diagram b for a compression process of Steel according to the present invention.
  • the pulsating one is clearly visible Pressure curve during the impulses.
  • area h the material is hooked Prestressed area until prestressing point A.
  • a first impulse is exerted on the material to be formed, whereby the first peak of the curve arises.
  • the piston can move further to the front and the pressure subsides until the preload, whereby the material can recrystallize.
  • the recrystallization phase is represented by the area r.
  • FIG. 7 shows important details of an upsetting device which are similar is constructed, like the upsetting device according to FIG. 1, in one opposite Figure 1 enlarged scale.
  • the same parts are the same in FIG Provide reference numerals, as in Figure 1.
  • the generally designated 4 Clamping device consists of several hydraulic cylinders on clamping jaws 16 act.
  • Figures 1 and 7 only two in the longitudinal direction of the Rohres 2 adjacent sets, distributed around the circumference of the jaws represented by hydraulic cylinders. In practice, however, there are preferably three or more sets of hydraulic cylinders are provided. It has been shown that good forming results are achieved when the clamping force in the Near the end of the tube 2 to be formed is high and towards opposite end of the tube 2 down and then increases again.
  • the upsetting device is immediately before the upsetting process shown.
  • the compression space 13 is in this embodiment by the Contact surface 17 of the upsetting hammer, the extension 8 of the upsetting hammer 7, the end face 29 of the mandrel 3 and of course the die 5 are limited.
  • the Compression hammer 7 lies with its contact surface 17 on the end face of the to be formed Tube 2. Put simply, the cross hatched End region of the tube 2 through the forming process in the direction of the arrows 18 moved into the stowage space 13. So that the from the hammer 7 on the Tube transmitted force is actually directed against the compression space 13,
  • the contact surface 17 of the upsetting hammer does not run at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the tube 2, but is plate-like slightly towards the tube 2 inclined. If it is important that the finished tube 2 is one of the Shape of the contact surface 17 has a different end face, for example is exactly right-angled, this is done in a further operation by means of a further upsetting hammer brought into its final form.
  • FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of the upsetting device according to the invention shown for upsetting a tube 2 in an area between the ends of which are formed.
  • the left half of the device according to the figure 8 essentially corresponds to the right half of FIG. 7.
  • a bottom 27 is additionally visible, on which the tube 2 is in contact.
  • the upsetting hammer 7 is graduated in two stages here. The first stage is formed by a contact surface 17, which to Start of the forming process the compression force on the pipe 2 to be formed transfers.
  • both the upsetting hammer 7 and the mandrel 3 and / or its bore 9 is formed almost arbitrarily, for example several times graded, can be to give the compression space 13 a desired shape. It is only necessary to ensure that the hammer 7 and mandrel 3 are so are designed in such a way that they move apart again after shaping can be damaged without damaging the molded workpiece.
  • the stutter upsetting device the parts to be formed are rotationally symmetrical. But it is within the scope of the present invention easily possible, not rotationally symmetrical Form profiles or tubes or on rotationally symmetrical ones Profiles or pipes to form non-rotationally symmetrical areas. Two Examples of this are shown in FIGS. 10 and 11.
  • Figure 10 shows a device similar to Figure 7 to produce a non-rotationally symmetrical thickening at the end of a Tube 2.
  • the limit of the compression space 13 on the side of the mandrel 3 Surface 29 ' is not perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the in this embodiment Tube 2 aligned.
  • the jaws 16 and the die 5 are asymmetrical.
  • Figure 11 shows a device similar to Figure 8 to produce a non-rotationally symmetrical thickening between the Ends of a pipe.
  • it is the compression space 13 on the side of the upsetting hammer 7 delimiting surface 28 'which is not rectangular is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the tube 2.
  • the jaws 16 of the further clamping device 4 and the die 5 asymmetrical.
  • the frequency with which the compression hammer pulsates is for everyone To determine the workpiece empirically. It is believed that the best results can be achieved if in the area of the tube 2 to be formed between the contact surface 17 of the upsetting hammer 7 and a virtual reflection wall a standing wave arises in the area of paragraph 19. It is therefore advantageous if the pulse frequency is adjustable and preferably even is changeable during the forming process.
  • the aforementioned pulse pump 31 can be a conventional piston pump his. However, a rotating pulse generator is more effective.
  • Figure 12 shows a schematic cross section through a possible embodiment of a of such pulse generator 40.
  • a central rotor 41 has one in its center Longitudinal bore 42, which has a rotary seal with a high pressure of For example, 700 bar can be applied.
  • the rotor is on its cylindrical surface for the purpose of minimizing wear with a layer 43 of, for example Ceramic coated and surrounded by a stator 44.
  • radial Channels 45 in the rotor conduct the high pressure outwards from the longitudinal bore 42.
  • Radial channels 46 are also provided in the stator 44, which during the Briefly communicate rotation of the rotor with its channels 45.
  • each channel 46 of the stator 44 has a check valve 47 on.
  • the check valve 47 from a ball with a cylindrical extension, the is guided in the bore of a radial connecting line 48.
  • the ball and the extension is pierced to the flow of the pressure medium through the connecting line 48 in an outer annular chamber 49, in which the prestressing pressure is 40 bar, for example.
  • This leader pressure it is also which the ball of the check valve 47 against its seat presses as long as channels 45 and 46 are not connected.
  • All check valves 47 are held in a valve ring 50.
  • other known check valves can also be used, whose valve body is, for example, a cone and, for example, by a Spring is pressed against its seat.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Jigs For Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
EP99810499A 1999-02-02 1999-06-07 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Umformung von Metallen Expired - Lifetime EP1025925B1 (de)

Priority Applications (16)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES99810499T ES2178366T3 (es) 1999-02-02 1999-06-07 Procedimiento y dispositivo para formar metales.
PT99810499T PT1025925E (pt) 1999-02-02 1999-06-07 Metodo e dispositivo para transformacao de metais
DE59901178T DE59901178D1 (de) 1999-02-02 1999-06-07 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Umformung von Metallen
AT99810499T ATE215855T1 (de) 1999-02-02 1999-06-07 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur umformung von metallen
EP99810499A EP1025925B1 (de) 1999-02-02 1999-06-07 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Umformung von Metallen
CA002361521A CA2361521A1 (en) 1999-02-02 2000-02-01 Method and device for forming metals
JP2000597080A JP2002536182A (ja) 1999-02-02 2000-02-01 金属の変形方法および装置
AU20900/00A AU754548B2 (en) 1999-02-02 2000-02-01 Method and device for forming metals
KR1020017009700A KR20010101918A (ko) 1999-02-02 2000-02-01 금속 성형 방법 및 장치
BR0007963-4A BR0007963A (pt) 1999-02-02 2000-02-01 Método e dispositivo para transformação de metais
MXPA01007798A MXPA01007798A (es) 1999-02-02 2000-02-01 Metodo y dispositivo para formar metales.
PCT/CH2000/000052 WO2000045976A1 (de) 1999-02-02 2000-02-01 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur umformung von metallen
HU0105356A HUP0105356A3 (en) 1999-02-02 2000-02-01 Method and device for forming metals
PL00349096A PL349096A1 (en) 1999-02-02 2000-02-01 Method and device for forming metals
CN00803335A CN1338978A (zh) 1999-02-02 2000-02-01 金属成型方法及装置
CZ20012614A CZ20012614A3 (cs) 1999-02-02 2000-02-01 Způsob a zařízení k přetváření kovů

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99810086 1999-02-02
EP99810086 1999-02-02
EP99810464 1999-05-27
EP99810464 1999-05-27
EP99810499A EP1025925B1 (de) 1999-02-02 1999-06-07 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Umformung von Metallen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1025925A1 EP1025925A1 (de) 2000-08-09
EP1025925B1 true EP1025925B1 (de) 2002-04-10

Family

ID=27240244

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99810499A Expired - Lifetime EP1025925B1 (de) 1999-02-02 1999-06-07 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Umformung von Metallen

Country Status (16)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1025925B1 (hu)
JP (1) JP2002536182A (hu)
KR (1) KR20010101918A (hu)
CN (1) CN1338978A (hu)
AT (1) ATE215855T1 (hu)
AU (1) AU754548B2 (hu)
BR (1) BR0007963A (hu)
CA (1) CA2361521A1 (hu)
CZ (1) CZ20012614A3 (hu)
DE (1) DE59901178D1 (hu)
ES (1) ES2178366T3 (hu)
HU (1) HUP0105356A3 (hu)
MX (1) MXPA01007798A (hu)
PL (1) PL349096A1 (hu)
PT (1) PT1025925E (hu)
WO (1) WO2000045976A1 (hu)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4536962B2 (ja) * 2001-07-13 2010-09-01 アイシン精機株式会社 ワークのボス部の増肉方法及びこれに使用する増肉装置
FR2882282B1 (fr) * 2005-02-21 2008-10-17 Snecma Moteurs Sa Procede pour le corroyage d'un lopin metallique, chemise pour la mise en oeuvre du procede et ensemble d'une chemise et d'un couvercle pour la mise en oeuvre du procede
CH703639B1 (de) * 2010-08-24 2014-04-15 Hatebur Umformmaschinen Ag Verfahren zur Umformung eines vorlaufenden Endabschnitts eines Stangenmaterials.
CN103272981B (zh) * 2013-06-17 2015-03-25 南通普蒙盛机械制造有限公司 管端加厚设备成型模具双向分型连锻系统
CN103537596B (zh) * 2013-08-23 2015-08-19 遵义市飞宇电子有限公司 一种杆状零件局部墩粗装置
EP3059028A1 (de) 2015-02-20 2016-08-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gussteil mit einem metallischen Funktionsbereich
CN107520397A (zh) * 2017-10-17 2017-12-29 广州小出钢管有限公司 一种汽车底盘超薄壁管锻压成型的工艺
CN114733991A (zh) * 2022-04-01 2022-07-12 苏州富力诚精密部件有限公司 一种冷镦薄壁套管类零件高度整形调整夹具
CN117380882B (zh) * 2023-12-04 2024-03-19 山西瑞德机械制造股份有限公司 大直径管板锻造工艺

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4072034A (en) * 1972-05-09 1978-02-07 National Research Development Corporation Method and apparatus for forming material by forcing through a die orifice
US4045254A (en) * 1974-12-30 1977-08-30 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method for toughening treatment of metallic material
DE4437395A1 (de) * 1994-10-19 1996-05-02 Werdau Fahrzeugwerk Verfahren zum Anstauchen von Rohrenden und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE19701021A1 (de) * 1996-01-30 1998-07-16 Microtechnica Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Zerlegen eines Strangpreßwerkzeugs

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59901178D1 (de) 2002-05-16
CZ20012614A3 (cs) 2002-03-13
WO2000045976A1 (de) 2000-08-10
EP1025925A1 (de) 2000-08-09
JP2002536182A (ja) 2002-10-29
KR20010101918A (ko) 2001-11-15
HUP0105356A2 (hu) 2002-04-29
PT1025925E (pt) 2002-09-30
AU754548B2 (en) 2002-11-21
CN1338978A (zh) 2002-03-06
BR0007963A (pt) 2001-11-06
CA2361521A1 (en) 2000-08-10
PL349096A1 (en) 2002-07-01
ES2178366T3 (es) 2002-12-16
HUP0105356A3 (en) 2002-05-28
MXPA01007798A (es) 2003-06-04
ATE215855T1 (de) 2002-04-15
AU2090000A (en) 2000-08-25

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