EP1019467B1 - granulare WASCHMITTELZUSAMMENSETZUNG - Google Patents

granulare WASCHMITTELZUSAMMENSETZUNG Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1019467B1
EP1019467B1 EP98914457A EP98914457A EP1019467B1 EP 1019467 B1 EP1019467 B1 EP 1019467B1 EP 98914457 A EP98914457 A EP 98914457A EP 98914457 A EP98914457 A EP 98914457A EP 1019467 B1 EP1019467 B1 EP 1019467B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
acid
hydrotrope
surfactant
weight
alkyl
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EP98914457A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1019467A4 (de
EP1019467A1 (de
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Paul Richard Sherrington
Gary Roy Whitehurst
Colin Stephenson
Richard Timothy Hartshorn
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/34—Organic compounds containing sulfur
    • C11D3/3418—Toluene -, xylene -, cumene -, benzene - or naphthalene sulfonates or sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
    • C11D1/146—Sulfuric acid esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/06—Powder; Flakes; Free-flowing mixtures; Sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/06—Powder; Flakes; Free-flowing mixtures; Sheets
    • C11D17/065—High-density particulate detergent compositions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a granular detergent composition comprising an anionic sulphate surfactant and a hydrotrope.
  • the invention also relates to a detergent particle comprising an anionic sulphate surfactant and a hydrotrope.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a hydrotrope in a detergent composition which comprises an anionic sulphate surfactant and which upon contact with water can form a viscous mixture to reduce the viscosity of this mixture.
  • anionic sulphate surfactants which can be partially or mostly water-soluble
  • the problem can even be increased when the anionic sulphate surfactant is present in a dried particle. It is believed that gel formation can be set off by the anionic sulphate surfactant which may tend to promote gel formation upon contact with water, rather than dissolving completely in the water. This can then prevent delivery of other components of the detergent into the wash water.
  • anionic sulphate surfactant is present in a dried particle, gel formation is even increased, because the dried particle is hygroscopic. The gel is subsequently difficult to dispense, leading to residues and insoluble clumps in the machine and in particular in the dispensing drawer or device.
  • hydrotropes are known in the art as compounds which have the property to increase the solubility of slightly soluble compounds.
  • WO 95/30730 describes hydrotropes as an aid for phase stabilisation in liquid detergents.
  • US 3,926,827 describes hydrotropes as components which can retain oxygen bubbles, giving the detergent more volume.
  • GB 1591516 describes hydrotropes as a process aid to obtain free-flowing detergent mixtures.
  • the use of hydrotropes in granular detergent compositions comprising anionic sulphate surfactant to obtain improved dispensing of the detergent composition is not known in the art.
  • US-A-3 915 903 and GB-A-2158 087 disclose a detergent composition made by a spray-drying process of an aqueous slurry comprising (a) about 4-35% of alkyl sulfate and (b) about 1% of a hydrotrope.
  • both documents are silent about a second type of particle.
  • US-A-5 569 645 discloses an optimum ratio of detergent agglomerates and spray-dried particles which results in less caking.
  • the agglomerates comprise surfactants selected from anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic, etc. of which the anionic surfactants can be selected from sulfonates, sarcosinates, sulfates, etc..
  • Hydrotropes are only optional components without any weight range given. Although a list of optional components were claimed in claim 1, hydrotropes are not considered essential to the invention of this document.
  • the hydrotrope reduces the viscosity of gels formed by the sulphate surfactant which is present in the detergent composition, or detergent particle, upon contact with water. This produces improved dispensing of the detergent composition into the wash water by minimising the formation of insoluble clumps or gels or residues in the machine. Reduction of the detergent clumps, residues or gels in the machine and in particular in the dispensing drawer or dispensing device, leads to a cleaner appearance of the washing machine and more efficient and cost-effective performance of the detergent composition.
  • a granular detergent composition comprising:
  • the invention also provides improved dispensing of detergent compositions by use in a detergent composition which comprises a surfactant component comprising an anionic sulphate surfactant, the surfactant component upon contact with water forming a viscous mixture, of a hydrotrope to reduce the viscosity of the mixture.
  • the anionic sulphate surfactant of the invention is present in the detergent composition at a level of from 0.01% to 95%, more preferably from 0.5% to 45%, more preferably from 1 % to 30%, most preferably from 3% to 20% by weight of the composition.
  • the anionic sulphate surfactant is preferably present at a level of from 0.01% to 60%, more preferably from 0.3% to 30%, most preferably from 1% to 20% by weight of the particle.
  • anionic sulfate surfactants when used herein, is meant the linear and branched primary and secondary alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulphates, fatty oleoyl glycerol sulfates, alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulfates, the C 5 -C 17 acyl-N-(C 1 -C 4 alkyl) and -N-(C 1 -C 2 hydroxyalkyl)glucamine sulfates, and sulfates of alkylpolysaccharides such as the sulfates of alkylpolyglucoside (the nonionic nonsulfated compounds being described herein).
  • Alkyl sulfate surfactants are most preferably selected from the linear and branched primary C 10- C 18 alkyl sulfates, more preferably the C 11 -C 15 branched chain alkyl sulfates and the C 12 -C 14 linear chain alkyl sulfates.
  • a highly preferred sulphate surfactant are the sodium or potassium salts of the sulphates, produced by sulphating C 8 -C 18 alcohols derived from tallow or coconut oil. Also highly preferred can be the sodium or potassium salts of the sulphates C16-C18 alcohols derived from palmeric fatty acid or stearic fatty acid.
  • the cation of the anionic sulphate surfactant may be hydrogen, ammonium or alcohol amine, but preferably sodium or potassium.
  • the ratio of the anionic sulphate surfactant to the hydrotrope is preferably from 100:1 to 1:2, more preferably from 50:1 to 1:1, most preferably from 20:1 to 2:1.
  • a hydrotrope is present in the particle, comprising the anionic sulphate surfactant or used in the granular detergent composition, comprising a surfactant component, comprising the anionic sulphate surfactant and optionally any additional surfactant as described herein.
  • the anionic sulphate surfactant (comprised in the surfactant component), comprised in the particle, forms upon contact with water a viscous mixture, as described above.
  • the hydrotrope is used to reduce the viscosity of the mixture.
  • hydrotrope when used herein is meant any of the hydrotropes known in the art, capable of reducing the viscosity of a mixture, comprising water and an anionic sulphate surfactant.
  • the level of hydrotrope in the granular detergent composition is from 0.01 % to 60%, more preferably from 0.1 % to 30%, even more preferably from 0.3% to 10%, most preferably from 0.5% to 5%, whereby from 0.0% to 1.8% by weight of the composition is a hydrotrope-containing agglomerate.
  • the level of the hydrotrope in the spray-dried particle is preferably from 0.01% to 60%, preferably from 0.1% to 25%, more preferably from 0.4% to 15%, most preferably from 0.5% to 5% by weight of the particle.
  • hydrotropes any of the hydrotropes known in the art can be used in the present invention.
  • hydrotropes there can be mentioned the short-chain (C 1 -C 4 ) alk-aryl sulfonates.
  • the invention herein should be understood to cover sulfonic acid.
  • the hydrotrope component exists primarily as the ionized salt, when water, even small amount, are present during the formulation of the particle or the composition comprising the particle.
  • the hydrotrope may be added to the composition in its acidic form, it is likely to appear in the formula as a salt derivative.
  • the water-soluble salts useful in the present invention include the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, alkyl amine and ammonium salts of the sulfonic acid.
  • Preferred salts are sodium, potassium, and monoethanolamine sulfonate, and mixtures thereof.
  • the toluene sulfonates, the cumene sulfonates, the xylene sulfonates may be used in this invention.
  • a sodium toluene sulfonate being preferably a sodium toluene monosulphonate.
  • the hydrotrope of the present invention is used in the granular detergent compositions, comprising a surfactant component, comprising an anionic sulphate surfactant to reduce the viscosity of the surfactant component upon contact with water.
  • a surfactant component which has a first viscosity A of at least 15000 cP in a 25% by weight solution in water at 20°C, as measured by the Surfactant Viscosity Test as described below, has when a hydrotrope is used in the surfactant component, a second viscosity B which is 25% less then the first viscosity A.
  • the surfactant component comprises anionic sulphate surfactant and optionally one or more surfactants, selected from the surfactants as described herein.
  • the viscosity of the surfactant component which comprises all of the surfactants in the detergent composition at the respective weight ratios in the detergent compositions and comprises an anionic sulphate surfactant.
  • the viscosity A of a surfactant component comprising an anionic sulphate surfactant in water is determined:
  • the surfactant component comprising the anionic sulphate surfactant is such that the viscosity A is at least 15000 cP.
  • the viscosity B of the above surfactant component comprising the anionic sulphate surfactant and the hydrotrope in water is determined:
  • the hydrotrope and the amount thereof is preferably such that the reduction of viscosity is at least 10%, most preferably at least 25%.
  • a highly preferred ingredient of the granular detergent composition or the particle of the invention is an anionic sulphonate surfactant.
  • the level of anionic sulphonate surfactant in the detergent composition is preferably from 0.01 % to 30%, more preferably from 0.5% to 20%, more preferably from 1% to 16%, most preferably from 5% to 12% by weight of the composition.
  • the level of anionic sulphonate surfactant in the particle is preferably from 0.01 % to 25%, preferably from 0.5% to 20%, more preferably from 3% to 16%, most preferably from 5% to 15% by weight of the particle.
  • Anionic sulfonate surfactants suitable for use herein include the salts (or optionally the acids) of C 5 -C 20 linear or branched alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl ester sulfonates, C 6 -C 22 primary or secondary alkane sulfonates, C 6 -C 24 olefin 'sulfonates, sulfonated polycarboxylic acids, alkyl glycerol sulfonates, preferably derived from alcohols derived from tallow or coconut oil, fatty acyl glycerol sulfonates, fatty oleyl glycerol sulfonates, and any mixtures thereof.
  • the cation of the anionic sulphonate surfactant may be hydrogen, ammonium or alcohol amine, but preferably sodium or potassium.
  • a highly preferred anionic sulphonate surfactant is a sodium or potassium salt of C 10 -C 18 , preferably C 10 -C 16 , more preferably C 11 -C 13 , branched or more preferably, linear alkylbenzene sulfonates.
  • Both the anionic sulphate surfactant and hydrotrope are contained in a particle of detergent composition.
  • the detergent composition may consist essentially of such particles or may comprise a mixture of the particles of the invention with additional particles having a different chemical composition.
  • the particle of the invention is present in a detergent composition at a level of from 5% to 85%, more preferably from 10% to 70%, most preferably from 30% to 60% by weight of the composition.
  • the particles of the invention comprise the anionic sulphate surfactant and hydrotrope as mentioned above, and preferably an anionic sulphonate surfactant.
  • the particles of the invention are formed by a process which includes a drying step.
  • the drying step produces a final dried particle, generally having a free moisture content below 6% by weight, preferably less than 1% or more preferably less than 0.55, or even below 0.25% by weight.
  • free-moisture content is determined by placing 5 grams of a sample of base detergent granules in a petri dish, placing the sample in a convection oven at 50°C (122°F) for 2 hours, followed by measurement of the weight loss due to water evaporation.
  • the particles of the invention are formed in a process whereby a paste or slurry or crutcher mix comprising the anionic sulphate surfactant and hydrotrope, is formed into particles and spray-dried as known in the art.
  • a preferred process for manufacturing the particles comprises preparing an aqueous solution-dispersion, commonly referred to as a past or slurry or crutcher mix, comprising the components of the final particle.
  • aqueous solution-dispersion commonly referred to as a past or slurry or crutcher mix
  • the crutcher mix will usually be of as high a solids content as feasible, e.g., 40% to 80%, with the balance, e.g. 20% to 60%, being water. More water may be used but then energy demands are increased, tower throughput are diminished, products resulting may be tackier and poorer flowing g and often the desired low density base and final detergent composition particles will not be obtained.
  • the particles are produced by spray drying, wherein the crutcher mix is sprayed at an elevated pressure (usually from 3 to 50 kg/cm 2 , preferably 20 to 40kg/cm 2 ) through one or more spray nozzles into a drying tower; through which drying air passes to dry the resulting droplets of crutcher mix to globular the particles.
  • an elevated pressure usually from 3 to 50 kg/cm 2 , preferably 20 to 40kg/cm 2
  • spray nozzles equivalent atomisers of other designs may also be used.
  • the preferred spray tower design is counter-current, the height of the tower usually being from 5 to 25 meters and the entering hot air, usually the gaseous products of combustion of oil or gas, being at a temperature in the range of from 200° to 400°C and the outlet air usually at a temperature in the range of from 50° to 90°C.
  • Concurrent tower designs may also be employed wherein similar inlet and outlet air temperatures obtain.
  • the nozzle size for producing droplets of crutcher mix will be chosen such particles of the preferred particle size are formed, preferably of from 0.1 mm to 3.0 mm. Preferably, substantially all the particles are within this range when removed from the spray tower, but any off-size particles can be removed by screening, may be size-reduced to the desired size range or may be recycled in the same or a subsequent crutcher mix.
  • the anionic sulphonate surfactant When an anionic sulphonate surfactant is present in the final particle, the anionic sulphonate surfactant will be comprised in the crutcher mix, together with the hydrotrope and the anionic sulphate surfactant.
  • the crutcher. mix is substantially free from nonionic surfactant and/or cationic softeners or cationic surfactant.
  • the particle of the invention is preferably substantially free from nonionic surfactant and/ or cationic softeners or cationic surfactant.
  • anionic sulphate surfactant and the hydrotrope are present in a substantially phosphate-free particle.
  • additional detergent components can be added to the particles, preferably by spraying the molten component, which may be in concentrated aqueous solution but preferably is free of water, onto the surfaces of the tumbling base particles in an inclined drum, through which the particles progress from an elevation feed end to the discharge end.
  • the molten component which may be in concentrated aqueous solution but preferably is free of water
  • the particle can be introduced to a detergent composition by any method, known in the art.
  • the particles are dry-added to the other detergent ingredients.
  • the detergent compositions or the particle, of the invention may also contain additional ingredients or components.
  • additional ingredients and levels of incorporation thereof will depend on the physical form of the final composition, and the precise nature of the washing operation for which it is to be used.
  • the detergent compositions of the invention preferably contain one or more additional detergent components selected from additional surfactants, bleach, bleach activators, acid sources, builders, organic polymeric compounds, enzymes, suds suppressors, lime soap dispersants, soil suspension and anti-redeposition agents and corrosion inhibitors.
  • the particle preferably comprises as an additional ingredient one or more builders, preferably alumino silicates and/ or organic polycarboxylate polymers, alkali sources, or mixtures thereof
  • the particle is substantially free from nonionic and/ or cationic surfactants.
  • the granular detergent composition or the particle in accord with the present invention can comprise one or more additional anionic surfactants.
  • any anionic surfactants useful for detersive purposes can be comprised in the detergent composition or optionally in the particle. These can include salts (including, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts such as mono- di- and triethanolamine salts) of the alkyl ethoxy sulphate, carboxylate and sarcosinate surfactant.
  • anionic surfactants include the isethionates such as the acyl isethionates, N-acyl taurates, fatty acid amides of methyl tauride, alkyl succinates and sulfosuccinates, monoesters of sulfosuccinate (especially saturated and unsaturated C 12 -C 18 monoesters) diesters of sulfosuccinate (especially saturated and unsaturated C 6 -C 14 diesters), N-acyl sarcosinates.
  • Resin acids and hydrogenated resin acids are also suitable, such as rosin, hydrogenated rosin, and resin acids and hydrogenated resin acids present in or derived from tallow oil.
  • the level of anionic surfactant in the detergent composition is preferably from 4% to 60%, more preferably from 6% to 30%, most preferably from 10% to 20% by weight.
  • Alkyl ethoxysulfate surfactants are preferably selected from the group consisting of the C 10 -C 18 alkyl sulfates which have been ethoxylated with from 0.5 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide per molecule. More preferably, the alkyl ethoxysulfate surfactant is a C 11 -C 18 , most preferably C 11 -C 15 alkyl sulfate which has been ethoxylated with from 0.5 to 7, preferably from 1 to 5, moles of ethylene oxide per molecule.
  • Suitable anionic carboxylate surfactants include the alkyl ethoxy carboxylates, the alkyl polyethoxy polycarboxylate surfactants and the soaps ('alkyl carboxyls'), especially certain secondary soaps as described herein.
  • Suitable alkyl ethoxy carboxylates include those with the formula RO(CH 2 CH 2 O) x CH 2 COO - M + wherein R is a C 6 to C 18 alkyl group, x ranges from O to 10, and the ethoxylate distribution is such that, on a weight basis, the amount of material where x is 0 is less than 20% and M is a cation.
  • Suitable alkyl polyethoxy polycarboxylate surfactants include those having the formula RO-(CHR 1 -CHR 2 -O)-R 3 wherein R is a C 6 to C 18 alkyl group, x is from 1 to 25, R 1 and R 2 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl acid radical, succinic acid radical, hydroxysuccinic acid radical, and mixtures thereof, and R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon having between 1 and 8 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable soap surfactants include the secondary soap surfactants which contain a carboxyl unit connected to a secondary carbon.
  • Preferred secondary soap surfactants for use herein are water-soluble members selected from the group consisting of the water-soluble salts of 2-methyl-1-undecanoic acid, 2-ethyl-1-decanoic acid, 2-propyl-1-nonanoic acid, 2-butyl-1-octanoic acid and 2-pentyl-1-heptanoic acid. Certain soaps may also be included as suds suppressors.
  • alkali metal sarcosinates of formula R-CON (R 1 ) CH 2 COOM, wherein R is a C 5 -C 17 linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group, R 1 is a C 1 -C 4 alkyl group and M is an alkali metal ion.
  • R is a C 5 -C 17 linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group
  • R 1 is a C 1 -C 4 alkyl group
  • M is an alkali metal ion.
  • Suitable surfactant useful in the detergent composition of the invention is one or more cationic surfactants.
  • Suitable cationic surfactants include the quaternary ammonium surfactants selected from mono C 6 -C 16 , preferably C 6 -C 10 N-alkyl or alkenyl ammonium surfactants wherein the remaining N positions are substituted by methyl, hydroxyethyl or hydroxypropyl groups.
  • Another preferred cationic surfactant is an C 6 -C 18 alkyl or alkenyl ester of an quaternary ammonium alcohol, such as quaternary choline esters.
  • the level of cationic surfactant is preferably from 0.2% to 20%, more preferably from 0.5% to 15%, even more preferably from 1% to 10%, most preferably from 1% to 5% by weight of the composition.
  • the detergent composition of the present invention can contain a nonionic surfactant. It can be preferred that the particle does not comprise nonionic surfactant.
  • the nonionic surfactant can be sprayed on the particle. Essentially any nonionic surfactant can be used herein.
  • the level of nonionic surfactant is preferably from 1% to 30%, more preferably from 2% to 25%, even more preferably from 3% to 15%, most preferably from 4% to 12% by weight of the composition.
  • any alkoxylated nonionic surfactants are suitable herein.
  • the ethoxylated and propoxylated nonionic surfactants are preferred.
  • Preferred alkoxylated surfactants can be selected from the classes of the nonionic condensates of alkyl phenols, nonionic ethoxylated alcohols, nonionic ethoxylated/propoxylated fatty alcohols, nonionic ethoxylate/propoxylate condensates with propylene glycol, and the nonionic ethoxylate condensation products with propylene oxide/ethylene diamine adducts.
  • the condensation products of aliphatic alcohols with from 1 to 25 moles of alkylene oxide, particularly ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide, are suitable for use herein.
  • the alkyl chain of the aliphatic alcohol can either be straight or branched, primary or secondary, and generally contains from 6 to 22 carbon atoms.
  • Particularly preferred are the condensation products of alcohols having an alkyl group containing from 8 to 20 carbon atoms with from 2 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
  • Nonionic polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactant Nonionic polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactant
  • Polyhydroxy fatty acid amides suitable for use herein are those having the structural formula R 2 CONR 1 Z wherein : R1 is H, C 1 -C 4 hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxy ethyl, 2-hydroxy propyl, ethoxy, propoxy, or a mixture thereof, preferable C1-C4 alkyl, more preferably C 1 or C 2 alkyl, most preferably C 1 alkyl (i.e., methyl); and R 2 is a C 5 -C 31 hydrocarbyl, preferably straight-chain C 5 -C 19 alkyl or alkenyl, more preferably straight-chain C 9 -C 17 alkyl or alkenyl, most preferably straight-chain C 11 -C 17 alkyl or alkenyl, or mixture thereof; and Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative (preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated) thereof
  • Nonionic fatty acid amide surfactant Nonionic fatty acid amide surfactant
  • Suitable fatty acid amide surfactants include those having the formula:
  • Suitable alkylpolysaccharides for use herein are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,565,647, Llenado, issued January 21, 1986, having a hydrophobic group containing from 6 to 30 carbon atoms and a polysaccharide, e.g., a polyglycoside, hydrophilic group containing from 1.3 to 10 saccharide units.
  • Preferred alkylpolyglycosides have the formula R 2 O(C n H 2n O)t(glycosyl) x wherein R 2 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkylphenyl, and mixtures thereof in which the alkyl groups contain from 10 to 18 carbon atoms; n is 2 or 3; t is from 0 to 10, and x is from 1.3 to 8.
  • the glycosyl is preferably derived from glucose.
  • Optional amphoteric surfactants for use in the detergent compositions, or the particle include the amine oxide surfactants and the alkyl amphocarboxylic acids.
  • Suitable amine oxides include those compounds having the formula R 3 (OR 4 ) x N 0 (R 5 ) 2 wherein R 3 is selected from an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, acylamidopropoyl and alkyl phenyl group, or mixtures thereof, containing from 8 to 26 carbon atoms; R 4 is an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene group containing from 2 to 3 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof; x is from 0 to 5, preferably from 0 to 3; and each R 5 is an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group containing from 1 to 3, or a polyethylene oxide group containing from 1 to 3 ethylene oxide groups.
  • Preferred are C 10 -C 18 alkyl dimethylamine oxide, and C 10-18 acylamido alkyl dimethylamine oxide.
  • a suitable example of an alkyl aphodicarboxylic acid is Miranol(TM) C2M Conc. manufactured by Miranol, Inc., Dayton, NJ.
  • zwitterionic surfactants can be incorporated into the detergent compositions. These surfactants can be broadly described as derivatives of secondary and tertiary amines, derivatives ofheterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines, or derivatives of quaternary ammonium, quaternary phosphonium or tertiary sulfonium compounds. Betaine and sultaine surfactants are exemplary zwitterionic surfactants for use herein.
  • Suitable betaines are those compounds having the formula R(R') 2 N + R 2 COO- wherein R is a C 6 -C 18 hydrocarbyl group, each R 1 is typically C 1 -C 3 alkyl, and R 2 is a C 1 -C 5 hydrocarbyl group.
  • Preferred betaines are C 12-18 dimethyl-ammonio hexanoate and the C 10-18 acylamidopropane (or ethane) dimethyl (or diethyl) betaines.
  • Complex betaine surfactants are also suitable for use herein.
  • the detergent compositions of the present invention can contain a water-soluble builder compound, typically present in detergent compositions at a level of from 1% to 80% by weight, preferably from 10% to 70% by weight, most preferably from 20% to 60% by weight of the composition.
  • Suitable water-soluble builder compounds include the water soluble monomeric polycarboxylates, or their acid forms, homo or copolymeric polycarboxylic acids or their salts in which the polycarboxylic acid comprises at least two carboxylic radicals separated from each other by not more that two carbon atoms, borates, phosphates, and mixtures of any of the foregoing.
  • the carboxylate or polycarboxylate builder can be monomeric or oligomeric in type although monomeric polycarboxylates are generally preferred for reasons of cost and performance.
  • Suitable carboxylates containing one carboxy group include the water soluble salts of lactic acid, glycolic acid and ether derivatives thereof.
  • Polycarboxylates containing two carboxy groups include the water-soluble salts of succinic acid, malonic acid, (ethylenedioxy) diacetic acid, maleic acid, diglycolic acid, tartaric acid, tartronic acid and fumaric acid, as well as the ether carboxylates and the sulfinyl carboxylates.
  • Polycarboxylates containing three carboxy groups include, in particular, water-soluble citrates, aconitrates and citraconates as well as succinate derivatives such as the carboxymethyloxysuccinates described in British Patent No.
  • Polycarboxylates containing four carboxy groups include oxydisuccinates disclosed in British Patent No. 1,261,829, 1,1,2,2-ethane tetracarboxylates, 1,1,3,3-propane tetracarboxylates and 1,1,2,3-propane tetracarboxylates.
  • Polycarboxylates containing sulfo substituents include the sulfosuccinate derivatives disclosed in British Patent Nos. 1,398,421 and 1,398,422 and in U.S. Patent No. 3,936,448, and the sulfonated pyrolysed citrates described in British Patent No. 1,439,000.
  • Preferred polycarboxylates are hydroxycarboxylates containing up to three carboxy groups per molecule, more particularly citrates.
  • Suitable examples of water-soluble phosphate builders are the alkali metal tripolyphosphates, sodium, potassium and ammonium pyrophosphate, sodium and potassium and ammonium pyrophosphate, sodium and potassium orthophosphate, sodium polymeta/phosphate in which the degree of polymerization ranges from about 6 to 21, and salts of phytic acid.
  • Partially soluble or insoluble builder compound Partially soluble or insoluble builder compound
  • the detergent compositions, and /or the particle, of the present invention may contain a partially soluble or insoluble builder compound, typically present in the detergent composition at a level of from 1% to 80% by weight, preferably from 10% to 70% by weight, most preferably from 20% to 60% weight of the composition.
  • the partially soluble or insoluble builder compound is preferably present at a level of from 5% to 85% by weight, preferably from 15% to 60% by weight, most preferably from 20% to 50% weight of the particle.
  • Examples of largely water insoluble builders include the sodium aluminosilicates.
  • Suitable aluminosilicate zeolites have the unit cell formula Na z [(AlO 2 ) z (SiO 2 ) y ]. xH 2 O wherein z and y are at least 6; the molar ratio of z to y is from 1.0 to 0.5 and x is at least 5, preferably from 7.5 to 276, more preferably from 10 to 264.
  • the aluminosilicate material are in hydrated form and are preferably crystalline, containing from 10% to 28%, more preferably from 18% to 22% water in bound form.
  • the aluminosilicate zeolites can be naturally occurring materials, but are preferably synthetically derived. Synthetic crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange materials are available under the designations Zeolite A, Zeolite B, Zeolite P, Zeolite X, Zeolite HS and mixtures thereof. Zeolite A has the formula Na 12 [AlO 2 ) 12 (SiO 2 ) 12 ]. xH 2 O wherein x is from 20 to 30, especially 27. Zeolite X has the formula Na 86 [(AlO 2 ) 86 (SiO 2 ) 106 ]. 276 H 2 O.
  • the particle of the invention does not comprise a crystalline layered silicate.
  • preferred crystalline layered silicates for use in the detegrent compositions herein have the general formula NaMSi x O 2x+1 ⁇ yH 2 O wherein M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20.
  • Crystalline layered sodium silicates of this type are disclosed in EP-A-0164514 and methods for their preparation are disclosed in DE-A-3417649 and DE-A-3742043.
  • x in the general formula above preferably has a value of 2, 3 or 4 and is preferably 2.
  • the most preferred material is ⁇ -Na 2 Si 2 O 5 , available from Hoechst AG as NaSKS-6.
  • An preferred additional components of the detergent composition and/ or detergent particle is a perhydrate bleach, such as metal perborates, metal percarbonates, particularly the sodium salts.
  • Perborate can be mono or tetra hydrated.
  • Sodium percarbonate has the formula corresponding to 2Na 2 CO 3 .3H 2 O 2 , and is available commercially as a crystalline solid.
  • Potassium peroxymonopersulfate, sodium per is another optional inorganic perhydrate salt of use in the detergent compositions herein.
  • a preferred feature of detergent composition, and/ or particle is an organic peroxyacid bleaching system.
  • the bleaching system contains a hydrogen peroxide source and an organic peroxyacid bleach precursor compound.
  • the production of the organic peroxyacid occurs by an in situ reaction of the precursor with a source of hydrogen peroxide.
  • Preferred sources of hydrogen peroxide include inorganic perhydrate bleaches, such as the perborate bleach of the claimed invention.
  • a preformed organic peroxyacid is incorporated directly into the composition.
  • Compositions containing mixtures of a hydrogen peroxide source and organic peroxyacid precursor in combination with a preformed organic peroxyacid are also envisaged.
  • Peroxyacid bleach precursors are compounds which react with hydrogen peroxide in a perhydrolysis reaction to produce a peroxyacid.
  • peroxyacid bleach precursors may be represented as where L is a leaving group and X is essentially any functiohatity, such that on perhydroloysis the structure of the peroxyacid produced is
  • Peroxyacid bleach precursor compounds are preferably incorporated at a level of from 0.5% to 20% by weight, more preferably from 1% to 15% by weight, most preferably from 1.5% to 10% by weight of the detergent compositions.
  • Suitable peroxyacid bleach precursor compounds typically contain one or more N- or O-acyl groups, which precursors can be selected from a wide range of classes.
  • Suitable classes include anhydrides, esters, imides, lactams and acylated derivatives of imidazoles and oximes. Examples of useful materials within these classes are disclosed in GB-A-1586789. Suitable esters are disclosed in GB-A-836988, 864798, 1147871, 2143231 and EP-A-0170386.
  • L group The leaving group, hereinafter L group, must be sufficiently reactive for the perhydrolysis reaction to occur within the optimum time frame (e.g., a wash cycle). However, if L is too reactive, this activator will be difficult to stabilize for use in a bleaching composition.
  • Preferred L groups are selected from the group consisting of: and mixtures thereof, wherein R 1 is an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing from 1 to 14 carbon atoms, R 3 is an alkyl chain containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R 4 is H or R 3 , and Y is H or a solubilizing group. Any of R 1 , R 3 and R 4 may be substituted by essentially any functional group including, for example alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, halogen, amine, nitrosyl, amide and ammonium or alkyl ammmonium groups.
  • the preferred solubilizing groups are -SO 3 - M + , -CO 2 - M + , -SO 4 - M + , -N + (R 3 ) 4 X - and O ⁇ --N(R 3 ) 3 and most preferably -SO 3 - M + and -CO 2 - M + wherein R 3 is an alkyl chain containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, M is a cation which provides solubility to the bleach activator and X is an anion which provides solubility to the bleach activator.
  • M is an alkali metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium cation, with sodium and potassium being most preferred, and X is a halide, hydroxide, methylsulfate or acetate anion.
  • Alkyl percarboxylic acid bleach precursors form percarboxylic acids on perhydrolysis.
  • Preferred precursors of this type provide peracetic acid on perhydrolysis.
  • Preferred alkyl percarboxylic precursor compounds of the imide type include the N-,N,N 1 N 1 tetra acetylated alkylene diamines wherein the alkylene group contains from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, particularly those compounds in which the alkylene group contains 1, 2 and 6 carbon atoms.
  • Tetraacetyl ethylene diamine (TAED) is particularly preferred.
  • the TAED is preferably not present in the agglomerated particle of the present invention, but preferably present in the detergent composition, comprising the particle.
  • alkyl percarboxylic acid precursors include sodium 3,5,5-tri-methyl hexanoyloxybenzene sulfonate (iso-NOBS), sodium nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate (NOBS), sodium acetoxybenzene sulfonate (ABS) and pentaacetyl glucose.
  • Amide substituted alkyl peroxyacid precursor compounds are suitable herein, including those of the following general formulae: wherein R 1 is an alkyl group with from 1 to 14 carbon atoms, R 2 is an alkylene group containing from 1 to 14 carbon atoms, and R 5 is H or an alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms and L can be essentially any leaving group.
  • Amide substituted bleach activator compounds of this type are described in EP-A-0170386.
  • Perbenzoic acid precursor compounds provide perbenzoic acid on perhydrolysis.
  • Suitable O-acylated perbenzoic acid precursor compounds include the substituted and unsubstituted benzoyl oxybenzene sulfonates, and the benzoylation products of sorbitol, glucose, and all saccharides with benzoylating agents, and those of the imide type including N-benzoyl succinimide, tetrabenzoyl ethylene diamine and the N-benzoyl substituted ureas.
  • Suitable imidazole type perbenzoic acid precursors include N-benzoyl imidazole and N-benzoyl benzimidazole.
  • Other useful N-acyl group-containing perbenzoic acid precursors include N-benzoyl pyrrolidone, dibenzoyl taurine and benzoyl pyroglutamic acid.
  • Cationic peroxyacid precursor compounds produce cationic peroxyacids on perhydrolysis.
  • cationic peroxyacid precursors are formed by substituting the peroxyacid part of a suitable peroxyacid precursor compound with a positively charged functional group, such as an ammonium or alkyl ammmonium group, preferably an ethyl or methyl ammonium group.
  • Cationic peroxyacid precursors are typically present in the solid detergent compositions as a salt with a suitable anion, such as a halide ion.
  • the peroxyacid precursor compound to be so cationically substituted may be a perbenzoic acid, or substituted derivative thereof, precursor compound as described hereinbefore.
  • the peroxyacid precursor compound may be an alkyl percarboxylic acid precursor compound or an amide substituted alkyl peroxyacid precursor as described hereinafter.
  • Cationic peroxyacid precursors are described in U.S. Patents 4,904,406; 4,751,015; 4,988,451; 4,397,757; 5,269,962; 5,127,852; 5,093,022; 5,106,528; U.K. 1,382,594; EP 475,512, 458,396 and 284,292; and in JP 87-318,332.
  • Suitable cationic peroxyacid precursors include any of the ammonium or alkyl ammonium substituted alkyl or benzoyl oxybenzene sulfonates, N-acylated caprolactams, and monobenzoyltetraacetyl glucose benzoyl peroxides.
  • Preferred cationic peroxyacid precursors of the N-acylated caprolactam class include the trialkyl ammonium methylene benzoyl caprolactams and the trialkyl ammonium methylene alkyl caprolactams.
  • precursor compounds of the benzoxazin-type as disclosed for example in EP-A-332,294 and EP-A-482,807, particularly those having the formula: wherein R 1 is H, alkyl, alkaryl, aryl, or arylalkyl.
  • the organic peroxyacid bleaching system may contain, in addition to, or as an alternative to, an organic peroxyacid bleach precursor compound, a preformed organic peroxyacid, typically at a level of from 1% to 15% by weight, more preferably from 1% to 10% by weight of the composition.
  • a preferred class of organic peroxyacid compounds are the amide substituted compounds of the following general formulae: or wherein R 1 is an alkyl, aryl or alkaryl group with from 1 to 14 carbon atoms, R 2 is an alkylene, arylene, and alkarylene group containing from 1 to 14 carbon atoms, and R 5 is H or an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • Amide substituted organic peroxyacid compounds of this type are described in EP-A-0170386.
  • organic peroxyacids include diacyl and tetraacylperoxides, especially diperoxydodecanedioc acid, diperoxytetradecanedioc acid and diperoxyhexadecanedioc acid.
  • diacyl and tetraacylperoxides especially diperoxydodecanedioc acid, diperoxytetradecanedioc acid and diperoxyhexadecanedioc acid.
  • Mono- and diperazelaic acid, mono- and diperbrassylic acid and N-phthaloylaminoperoxicaproic acid are also suitable herein.
  • An acid source, or source of acidity can be present in the detergent composition or particle.
  • an alkali source present, capable of reacting with the acid source to produce a gas.
  • the level of the acid source in the detegrent composition is preferably from 0.5% to 10 %, more preferably from 1% to 7%, most preferably from 2% to 5% by weight.
  • the source of acidity is preferably non-hygroscopic, which can improve storage stability.
  • monohydrates acids can also be useful herein.
  • Organic acids and their derivatives are preferred.
  • the acid is preferably water-soluble. Suitable acids include citric, glutaric, succinic or adipic acid, monosodium phosphate, sodium hydrogen sulfate, boric acid, or a salt or an ester thereof. Citric acid is especially preferred.
  • compositions optionally contain a transition metal containing bleach catalyst.
  • a transition metal containing bleach catalyst is a catalyst system comprising a heavy metal cation of defined bleach catalytic activity, such as copper, iron or manganese cations, an auxiliary metal cation having little or no bleach catalytic activity, such as zinc or aluminum cations; and a sequestrant having defined stability constants for the catalytic and auxiliary metal cations, particularly ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetra(methylenephosphonic acid) and water-soluble salts thereof.
  • ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ethylenediaminetetra(methylenephosphonic acid) and water-soluble salts thereof.
  • bleach catalysts include the manganese-based complexes disclosed in U.S. Pat. 5,246,621 and U.S. Pat. 5,244,594. Preferred examples of these catalysts include Mn IV 2 (u-O) 3 (1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) 2 -(PF 6 ) 2 , Mn III 2 (u-O) 1 (u-OAc) 2 (1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) 2 -(ClO 4 ) 2 , Mn IV 4 (u-O) 6 (1,4,7-triazacyclononane) 4 -(ClO 4 ) 2 , Mn III Mn IV 4 (u-O) 1 (u-OAc) 2- (1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) 2 -(ClO 4 ) 3 , and mixtures thereof.
  • ligands suitable for use herein include 1,5,9-trimethyl-1,5,9-triazacyclododecane, 2-methyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane, 2-methyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane, 1,2,4,7-tetramethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane, and mixtures thereof.
  • bleach catalysts see U.S. Pat. 4,246,612 and U.S. Pat. 5,227,084. See also U.S. Pat. 5,194,416 which teaches mononuclear manganese (IV) complexes such as Mn(1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane)(OCH 3 ) 3 -(PF 6 ).
  • Still another type of bleach catalyst, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. 5,114,606, is a water-soluble complex of manganese (III), and/or (IV) with a ligand which is a non-carboxylate polyhydroxy compound having at least three consecutive C-OH groups.
  • binuclear Mn complexed with tetra-N-dentate and bi-N-dentate ligands including N 4 Mn III (u-O) 2 Mn IV N 4 ) + and [Bipy 2 Mn III (u-O) 2 Mn IV bipy 2 ]-(ClO 4 ) 3 .
  • bleach catalysts are described, for example, in European patent No. 408,131 (cobalt complex catalysts), European patent publication nos. 384,503, and 306,089 (metallo-porphyrin catalysts), U.S. 4,728,455 (manganese/multidentate ligand catalyst), U.S. 4,711,748 and European patent publication no. 224,952, (absorbed manganese on aluminosilicate catalyst), U.S. 4,601,845 (aluminosilicate support with manganese and zinc or magnesium salt), U.S. 4,626,373 (manganese/ligand catalyst), U.S. 4,119,557 (ferric complex catalyst), German Pat.
  • the detergent compositions and / orthe particle of the invention preferably contain as an optional component a heavy metal ion sequestrant.
  • heavy metal ion sequestrant it is meant herein components which act to sequester (chelate) heavy metal ions. These components may also have calcium and magnesium chelation capacity, but preferentially they show selectivity to binding heavy metal ions such as iron, manganese and copper.
  • Heavy metal ion sequestrants are generally present at a level of from 0.005% to 20%, preferably from 0.1% to 10%, more preferably from 0.25% to 7.5% and most preferably from 0.5% to 5% by weight of the compositions.
  • Suitable heavy metal ion sequestrants for use herein include organic phosphonates, such as the amino alkylene poly (alkylene phosphonates), alkali metal ethane 1-hydroxy disphosphonates and nitrilo trimethylene phosphonates.
  • Preferred among the above species are diethylene triamine penta (methylene phosphonate), ethylene diamine tri (methylene phosphonate) hexamethylene diamine tetra (methylene phosphonate) and hydroxy-ethylene 1,1 diphosphonate.
  • Suitable heavy metal ion sequestrant for use herein include nitrilotriacetic acid and polyaminocarboxylic acids such as ethylenediaminotetracetic acid, ethylenetriamine pentacetic acid, ethylenediamine disuccinic acid, ethylenediamine diglutaric acid, 2-hydroxypropylenediamine disuccinic acid or any salts thereof.
  • Suitable heavy metal ion sequestrants for use herein are iminodiacetic acid derivatives such as 2-hydroxyethyl diacetic acid or glyceryl imino diacetic acid, described in EP-A-317,542 and EP-A-399,133.
  • iminodiacetic acid-N-2-hydroxypropyl sulfonic acid and aspartic acid N-carboxymethyl N-2-hydroxypropyl-3-sulfonic acid sequestrants described in EP-A-516,102 are also suitable herein.
  • EP-A-476,257 describes suitable amino based sequestrants.
  • EP-A-510,331 describes suitable sequestrants derived from collagen, keratin or casein.
  • EP-A-528,859 describes a suitable alkyl iminodiacetic acid sequestrant. Dipicolinic acid and 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid are also suitable.
  • Glycinamide-N,N'-disuccinic acid (GADS), ethylenediamine-N-N'-diglutaric acid (EDDG) and 2-hydroxypropylenediamine-N-N'-disuccinic acid (HPDDS) are also suitable.
  • Another preferred ingredient useful in the detergent compositions or optionally of the particle is one or more additional enzymes.
  • the enzymes or part thereof cam be present in the agglomerated or extruded particle of the invention.
  • Preferred additional enzymatic materials include the commercially available lipases, cutinases, amylases, neutral and alkaline proteases, esterases, cellulases, pectinases, lactases and peroxidases conventionally incorporated into detergent compositions. Suitable enzymes are discussed in US Patents 3,519,570 and 3,533,139.
  • protease enzymes include those sold under the tradenames Alcalase, Savinase, Primase, Durazym, and Esperase by Novo Industries A/S (Denmark), those sold under the tradename Maxatase, Maxacal and Maxapem by Gist-Brocades, those sold by Genencor International, and those sold under the tradename Opticlean and Optimase by Solvay Enzymes.
  • Protease enzyme may be incorporated into the compositions in accordance with the invention at a level of from 0.0001 % to 4% active enzyme by weight of the composition.
  • Preferred amylases include, for example, ⁇ -amylases obtained from a special strain of B licheniformis, described in more detail in GB-1,269,839 (Novo).
  • Preferred commercially available amylases include for example, those sold under the tradename Rapidase by Gist-Brocades, and those sold under the tradename Termamyl and BAN by Novo Industries A/S.
  • Amylase enzyme may be incorporated into the composition in accordance with the invention at a level of from 0.0001% to 2% active enzyme by weight of the composition.
  • Lipolytic enzyme may be present at levels of active lipolytic enzyme of from 0.0001% to 2% by weight, preferably 0.001% to 1% by weight, most preferably from 0.001% to 0.5% by weight of the compositions.
  • the lipase may be fungal or bacterial in origin being obtained, for example, from a lipase producing strain of Humicola sp., Thermomyces sp. or Pseudomonas sp. including Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes or Pseudomas fluorescens . Lipase from chemically or genetically modified mutants of these strains are also useful herein.
  • a preferred lipase is derived from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes , which is described in Granted European Patent, EP-B-0218272.
  • Another preferred lipase herein is obtained by cloning the gene from Humicola lanuginosa and expressing the gene in Aspergillus oryza , as host, as described in European Patent Application, EP-A-0258 068, which is commercially available from Novo Industri A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark, under the trade name Lipolase. This lipase is also described in U.S. Patent 4,810,414, Huge-Jensen et al, issued March 7, 1989.
  • Organic polymeric compounds are preferred additional the detergent compositions and/ or the particle, in accord with the invention, and are preferably present as components of any particulate components where they may act such as to bind the particulate component together.
  • organic polymeric compound it is meant herein essentially any polymeric organic compound commonly used as dispersants, and anti-redeposition and soil suspension agents in detergent compositions, including any of the high molecular weight organic polymeric compounds described as clay flocculating agents herein.
  • Organic polymeric compound is typically incorporated in the detergent compositions of the invention at a level of from 0.1% to 30%, preferably from 0.5% to 15%, most preferably from 1% to 10% by weight of the compositions.
  • organic polymeric compounds include the water soluble organic homo- or co-polymeric polycarboxylic acids or their salts in which the polycarboxylic acid comprises at least two carboxyl radicals separated from each other by not more than two carbon atoms.
  • Polymers of the latter type are disclosed in GB-A-1,596,756.
  • salts are polyacrylates of MWt 2000-5000 and their copolymers with maleic anhydride, such copolymers having a molecular weight of from 20,000 to 100,000, especially 40,000 to 80,000.
  • polyamino compounds are useful herein including those derived from aspartic acid such as those disclosed in EP-A-305282, EP-A-305283 and EP-A-351629.
  • Terpolymers containing monomer units selected from maleic acid, acrylic acid, polyaspartic acid and vinyl alcohol, particularly those having an average molecular weight of from 5,000 to 10,000, are also suitable herein.
  • organic polymeric compounds suitable for incorporation in the detergent compositions herein include cellulose derivatives such as methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and hydroxyethylcellulose.
  • organic polymeric compounds are the polyethylene glycols, particularly those of molecular weight 1000-10000, more particularly 2000 to 8000 and most preferably about 4000.
  • Another organic compound which is a preferred clay dispersant/ anti-redeposition agent, for use herein, can be the ethoxylated cationic monoamines and diamines of the formula: wherein X is a nonionic group selected from the group consisting of H, C 1 -C 4 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl ester or ether groups, and mixtures thereof, a is from 0 to 20, preferably from 0 to 4 (e.g.
  • the detergent compositions when formulated for use in machine washing compositions, preferably comprise a suds suppressing system present at a level of from 0.01% to 15%, preferably from 0.05% to 10%, most preferably from 0.1% to 5% by weight of the composition.
  • Suitable suds suppressing systems for use herein may comprise essentially any known antifoam compound, including, for example silicone antifoam compounds and 2-alkyl alcanol antifoam compounds.
  • antifoam compound any compound or mixtures of compounds which act such as to depress the foaming or sudsing produced by a solution of a detergent composition, particularly in the presence of agitation of that solution.
  • Particularly preferred antifoam compounds for use herein are silicone antifoam compounds defined herein as any antifoam compound including a silicone component. Such silicone antifoam compounds also typically contain a silica component.
  • silicone antifoam compounds as used herein, and in general throughout the industry, encompasses a variety of relatively high molecular weight polymers containing siloxane units and hydrocarbyl group of various types.
  • Preferred silicone antifoam compounds are the siloxanes, particularly the polydimethylsiloxanes having trimethylsilyl end blocking units.
  • Suitable antifoam compounds include the monocarboxylic fatty acids and soluble salts thereof. These materials are described in US Patent 2,954,347, issued September 27, 1960 to Wayne St. John.
  • the monocarboxylic fatty acids, and salts thereof, for use as suds suppressor typically have hydrocarbyl chains of 10 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • Suitable salts include the alkali metal salts such as sodium, potassium, and lithium salts, and ammonium and alkanolammonium salts.
  • Suitable antifoam compounds include, for example, high molecular weight fatty esters (e.g. fatty acid triglycerides), fatty acid esters of monovalent alcohols, aliphatic C 18 -C 40 ketones (e.g. stearone) N-alkylated amino triazines such as tri- to hexa-alkylmelamines or di- to tetra alkyldiamine chlortriazines formed as products of cyanuric chloride with two or three moles of a primary or secondary amine containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, propylene oxide, bis stearic acid amide and monostearyl di-alkali metal (e.g. sodium, potassium, lithium) phosphates and phosphate esters.
  • high molecular weight fatty esters e.g. fatty acid triglycerides
  • fatty acid esters of monovalent alcohols e.g. fatty acid esters of monovalent alcohols
  • a preferred suds suppressing system comprises
  • a highly preferred particulate suds suppressing system is described in EP-A-0210731 and comprises a silicone antifoam compound and an organic carrier material having a melting point in the range 50°C to 85°C, wherein the organic carrier material comprises a monoester of glycerol and a fatty acid having a carbon chain containing from 12 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • EP-A-0210721 discloses other preferred particulate suds suppressing systems wherein the organic carrier material is a fatty acid or alcohol having a carbon chain containing from 12 to 20 carbon atoms, or a mixture thereof, with a melting point of from 45°C to 80°C.
  • the detergent compositions may contain a clay softening system comprising a clay mineral compound and optionally a clay flocculating agent.
  • the clay mineral compound is preferably a smectite clay compound.
  • Smectite clays are disclosed in the US Patents Nos. 3,862,058, 3,948,790, 3,954,632 and 4,062,647.
  • European Patents Nos. EP-A-299,575 and EP-A-313,146 in the name of the Procter and Gamble Company describe suitable organic polymeric clay flocculating agents.
  • the detergent compositions may also comprise from 0.01% to 10%, preferably from 0.05% to 0.5% by weight of polymeric dye transfer inhibiting agents.
  • the polymeric dye transfer inhibiting agents are preferably selected from polyamine N-oxide polymers, copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylimidazole, polyvinylpyrrolidonepolymers or combinations thereof.
  • Polyamine N-oxide polymers suitable for use herein contain units having the following structure formula : wherein P is a polymerisable unit, and A is - O-, -S-, -N-; x is O or 1; R are aliphatic, ethoxylated aliphatics, aromatic, heterocyclic or alicyclic groups or any combination thereof whereto the nitrogen of the N-O group can be attached or wherein the nitrogen of the N-O group is part of these groups.
  • the N-O group can be represented by the following general structures : wherein R1, R2, and R3 are aliphatic groups, aromatic, heterocyclic or alicyclic groups or combinations thereof, x or/and y or/and z is 0 or 1 and wherein the nitrogen of the N-O group can be attached or wherein the nitrogen of the N-O group forms part of these groups.
  • the N-O group can be part of the polymerisable unit (P) or can be attached to the polymeric backbone or a combination of both.
  • Suitable polyamine N-oxides wherein the N-O group forms part of the polymerisable unit comprise polyamine N-oxides wherein R is selected from aliphatic, aromatic, alicyclic or heterocyclic groups.
  • R is selected from aliphatic, aromatic, alicyclic or heterocyclic groups.
  • One class of said polyamine N-oxides comprises the group of polyamine N-oxides wherein the nitrogen of the N-O group forms part of the R-group.
  • Preferred polyamine N-oxides are those wherein R is a heterocyclic group such as pyrndine, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrrolidine, piperidine, quinoline, acridine and derivatives thereof.
  • polyamine N-oxides are the polyamine oxides whereto the N-O group is attached to the polymerisable unit.
  • a preferred class of these polyamine N-oxides comprises the polyamine N-oxides having the general formula (I) wherein R is an aromatic,heterocyclic or alicyclic groups wherein the nitrogen of the N-O functional group is part of said R group.
  • R is an aromatic,heterocyclic or alicyclic groups wherein the nitrogen of the N-O functional group is part of said R group.
  • examples of these classes are polyamine oxides wherein R is a heterocyclic compound such as pyrridine, pyrrole, imidazole and derivatives thereof.
  • the polyamine N-oxides can be obtained in almost any degree of polymerisation, The degree of polymerisation is not critical provided the material has the desired water-solubility and dye-suspending power. Typically, the average molecular weight is within the range of 500 to 1000,000.
  • Suitable herein are coploymers of N-vinylimidazole and N-vinylpyrrolidone having an average molecular weight range of from 5,000 to 50,000.
  • the preferred copolymers have a molar ratio of N-vinylimidazole to N-vinylpyrrolidone from 1 to 0.2.
  • the detergent compositions herein may also utilize polyvinylpyrrolidone ("PVP") having an average molecular weight of from 2,500 to 400,000.
  • PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
  • Suitable polyvinylpyrrolidones are commercially valuable from ISP Corporation, New York, NY and Montreal, Canada under the product names PVP K-15 (viscosity molecular weight of 10,000), PVP K-30 (average molecular weight of 40,000), PVP K-60 (average molecular weight of 160,000); and PVP K-90 (average molecular weight of 360,000).
  • PVP K-15 is also available from ISP Corporation.
  • Other suitable polyvinylpyrrolidones which are commercially available from BASF Cooperation include Sokalan HP 165 and Sokalan HP 12.
  • the detergent compositions herein may also utilize polyvinyloxazolidones as polymeric dye transfer inhibiting agents.
  • Said polyvinyloxazolidones have an average molecular weight of from 2,500 to 400,000.
  • the detergent compositions herein may also utilize polyvinyl imidazole as polymeric dye transfer inhibiting agent.
  • Said polyvinylimidazoles preferably have an average molecular weight of from 2,500 to 400,000.
  • the detergent compositions herein also optionally contain from about 0.005% to 5% by weight of certain types of hydrophilic optical brighteners.
  • Hydrophilic optical brighteners useful herein include those having the structural formula: wherein R 1 is selected from anilino, N-2-bis-hydroxyethyl and NH-2-hydroxyethyl; R 2 is selected from N-2-bis-hydroxyethyl, N-2-hydroxyethyl-N-methylamino, morphilino, chloro and amino; and M is a salt-forming cation such as sodium or potassium.
  • R 1 is anilino
  • R 2 is N-2-bis-hydroxyethyl and M is a cation such as sodium
  • the brightener is 4,4',-bis[(4-anilino-6-(N-2-bis-hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine-2-yl)amino]-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid and disodium salt.
  • This particular brightener species is commercially marketed under the tradename Tinopal-UNPA-GX by Ciba-Geigy Corporation. Tinopal-UNPA-GX is the preferred hydrophilic optical brightener useful in the detergent compositions herein.
  • R 1 is anilino
  • R 2 is N-2-hydroxyethyl-N-2-methylamino
  • M is a cation such as sodium
  • the brightener is 4,4'-bis[(4-anilino-6-(N-2-hydroxyethyl-N-methylamino)-s-triazine-2-yl)amino]2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid disodium salt.
  • This particular brightener species is commercially marketed under the tradename Tinopal 5BM-GX by Ciba-Geigy Corporation.
  • R 1 is anilino
  • R 2 is morphilino
  • M is a cation such as sodium
  • the brightener is 4,4'-bis[(4-anilino-6-morphilino-s-triazine-2-yl)amino]2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid, sodium salt.
  • This particular brightener species is commercially marketed under the tradename Tinopal AMS-GX by Ciba Geigy Corporation.
  • compositions and/or the particle include perfumes, colours and filler salts, with sodium sulfate being a preferred filler salt.
  • the detergent composition preferably have a pH measured as a 1% solution in distilled water of at least 10.0, preferably from 10.0 to 12.5, most preferably from 10.5 to 12.0.
  • compositions are granular.
  • the compositions can be of the form of a low- density granular detergent composition or the so-called concentrated granular detergent compositions adapted to be added to a washing machine by means of a dispensing device placed in the machine drum with the soiled fabric load, or can be added to the wash by means of a dispensing drawer, or can be added freely into the machine, preferably on the bottom of the machine.
  • the mean particle size of the base composition of granular compositions in accordance with the invention can be from 0.1.mm to 5.0 mm, but it should preferably be such that no more that 5% of particles are greater than 1.7mm in diameter and not more than 5% of particles are less than 0.15mm in diameter.
  • mean particle size as defined herein is calculated by sieving a sample of the composition into a number of fractions (typically 5 fractions) on a series of Tyler sieves. The weight fractions thereby obtained are plotted against the aperture size of the sieves. The mean particle size is taken to be the aperture size through which 50% by weight of the sample would pass.
  • the bulk density of granular detergent compositions is typically of at least 500 g/litre, more preferably from 650 g/litre to 1200 g/litre.
  • Bulk density is measured by means of a simple funnel and cup device consisting of a conical funnel moulded rigidly on a base and provided with a flap valve at its lower extremity to allow the contents of the funnel to be emptied into an axially aligned cylindrical cup disposed below the funnel.
  • the funnel is 130 mm high and has internal diameters of 130 mm and 40 mm at its respective upper and lower extremities. It is mounted so that the lower extremity is 140 mm above the upper surface of the base.
  • the cup has an overall height of 90 mm, an internal height of 87 mm and an internal diameter of 84 mm. Its nominal volume is 500 ml.
  • the funnel is filled with powder by hand pouring, the flap valve is opened and powder allowed to overfill the cup.
  • the filled cup is removed from the frame and excess powder removed from the cup by passing a straight edged implement eg; a knife, across its upper edge.
  • the filled cup is then weighed and the value obtained for the weight of powder doubled to provide a bulk density in g/litre. Replicate measurements are made as required.
  • Machine laundry methods herein typically comprise treating soiled laundry with an aqueous wash solution in a washing machine having dissolved or dispensed therein an effective amount of a machine laundry detergent composition in accord with the invention.
  • an effective amount of the detergent composition it is meant from 40g to 300g of product dissolved or dispersed in a wash solution of volume from 5 to 65 litres, as are typical product dosages and wash solution volumes commonly employed in conventional machine laundry methods.
  • a B C D E F LAS 6.0 8.0 8.0 12.0 14.0 8.0 C25E3 3.4 - 3.4 3.4 - 3.4 C46AS - 2.0 - - 3.0 4.0 TAS 3.0 7.0 5.0 2.0 1.0 0.5 STS 5.0 1.5 3.5 1.2 0.8 1.8 QAS - - 0.8 - - 0.8 Zeolite A 18.1 18.1 18.1 18.1 18.1 Carbonate 13.0 13.0 13.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 Silicate 1.4 1.4 1.4 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Sulfate 26.1 26.1 26.1 26.1 26.1 26.1 MA/AA 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 CMC 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 PB4 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 TAED 1.5 1.5.
  • the examples 1 to 3, 6 and 7 describe granular detergent compositions of which the examples 6 and 7 show spray-dried particles. Only the examples 4 and 5 appear to be according to the present invention because they disclose spray-dried particles together with agglomerates in a granular detergent composition.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Granuläre Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzung, umfassend:
    a) ein anionisches Sulfat-Tensid, das in einem Anteil von 0,01 bis 95 Gew.-% der Zusammensetzung vorliegt;
    b) ein Hydrotrop, das in einem Anteil von 0.01 bis 60 Gew.-% der Zusammensetzung vorliegt,
       dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die granuläre Zusammensetzung (1) sprühgetrocknete Teilchen, umfassend das anionische Sulfat und das Hydrotrop, und (2) Agglomeratteilchen, enthaltend 0 bis 1,8 Gew.-% des Hydrotrops, umfasst.
  2. Granuläre Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Agglomeratteilchen das Hydrotrop enthalten.
  3. Granuläre Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, wobei das anionische Sulfat-Tensid in einem Anteil von 3 bis 20 Gew.-% der Zusammensetzung vorliegt.
  4. Granuläre Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzung nach mindestens einem vorangehenden Anspruch, wobei das Hydrotrop in einem Anteil von 0,3 bis 10 Gew.-% der Zusammensetzung vorliegt.
  5. Granuläre Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzung nach mindestens einem vorangehenden Anspruch, wobei das Hydrotrop ein Salz von Benzolsulfonat, Toluolsulfonat, Xylolsulfonat oder Cumolsulfonat ist.
  6. Granuläre Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 5, wobei das Hydrotrop Natriumtoluolsulfonat ist.
  7. Granuläre Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzung nach mindestens einem vorangehenden Anspruch, wobei das Verhältnis von anionischem Sulfat-Tensid zu Hydrotrop 50:1 bis 1:1 beträgt.
  8. Granuläre Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzung nach mindestens einem vorangehenden Anspruch, wobei das Verhältnis von anionischem Sulfat-Tensid zu Hydrotrop 20:1 bis 2:1 beträgt.
  9. Granuläre Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 8, wobei das anionische Sulfat-Tensid ein lineares Alkylbenzolsulfonat ist.
  10. Verwendung eines Hydrotrops in einer granulären Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzung, um das Dispensieren der Zusammensetzung zu verbessern, wobei die Zusammensetzung sprühgetrocknete Teilchen und agglomerierte Teilchen umfasst, die Zusammensetzung ein anionisches Sulfat-Tensid umfasst und das Hydrotrop in den sprühgetrockneten Teilchen beinhaltet ist und in den agglomerierten Teilchen in einer Menge von 0 bis 1,8 Gew.-% vorliegt.
EP98914457A 1997-04-02 1998-04-02 granulare WASCHMITTELZUSAMMENSETZUNG Expired - Lifetime EP1019467B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9706721A GB2323849A (en) 1997-04-02 1997-04-02 Detergent composition
GB9706721 1997-04-02
PCT/US1998/006570 WO1998044085A1 (en) 1997-04-02 1998-04-02 Detergent composition

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1019467A1 EP1019467A1 (de) 2000-07-19
EP1019467A4 EP1019467A4 (de) 2001-08-08
EP1019467B1 true EP1019467B1 (de) 2004-02-11

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JP (1) JP2001518949A (de)
CN (1) CN1230502C (de)
AR (1) AR012311A1 (de)
AT (1) ATE259407T1 (de)
BR (1) BR9808462A (de)
CA (1) CA2284756C (de)
DE (1) DE69821632T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2214703T3 (de)
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WO (1) WO1998044085A1 (de)

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JP2018104705A (ja) * 2016-12-27 2018-07-05 花王株式会社 繊維製品用粉末洗浄剤組成物
CN115519638B (zh) * 2022-10-28 2023-09-12 北京林业大学 一种表面活性剂协同超声介导增强原位消解VOCs的方法

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA995092A (en) * 1972-07-03 1976-08-17 Rodney M. Wise Sulfated alkyl ethoxylate-containing detergent composition
US3926827A (en) * 1973-03-29 1975-12-16 Colgate Palmolive Co Method for making detergent compositions
GB2158087B (en) * 1984-05-04 1987-11-04 Procter & Gamble Non-caking detergent composition
GB9012613D0 (en) * 1990-06-06 1990-07-25 Unilever Plc Soap powder compositions
CA2027518A1 (en) * 1990-10-03 1992-04-04 Richard L. Tadsen Process for preparing high density detergent compositions containing particulate ph sensitive surfactant
DE4203031A1 (de) * 1992-02-04 1993-08-05 Henkel Kgaa Verfahren zur herstellung fester wasch- und reinigungsmittel mit hohem schuettgewicht und verbesserter loesegeschwindigkeit
US5478502A (en) * 1994-02-28 1995-12-26 The Procter & Gamble Company Granular detergent composition containing hydrotropes and optimum levels of anoionic surfactants for improved solubility in cold temperature laundering solutions
US5478503A (en) * 1994-02-28 1995-12-26 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for making a granular detergent composition containing succinate hydrotrope and having improved solubility in cold temperature laundering solutions
US5569645A (en) * 1995-04-24 1996-10-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Low dosage detergent composition containing optimum proportions of agglomerates and spray dried granules for improved flow properties
JP2996733B2 (ja) * 1996-03-08 2000-01-11 ザ、プロクター、エンド、ギャンブル、カンパニー 改善された溶解度を有する第二級アルキルサルフェート粒子の製法
US5756444A (en) * 1996-11-01 1998-05-26 The Procter & Gamble Company Granular laundry detergent compositions which are substantially free of phosphate and aluminosilicate builders

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Publication number Publication date
BR9808462A (pt) 2005-09-20
DE69821632T2 (de) 2004-12-23
GB9706721D0 (en) 1997-05-21
CA2284756A1 (en) 1998-10-08
ATE259407T1 (de) 2004-02-15
AR012311A1 (es) 2000-10-18
GB2323849A (en) 1998-10-07
WO1998044085A1 (en) 1998-10-08
CA2284756C (en) 2004-02-17
CN1230502C (zh) 2005-12-07
ES2214703T3 (es) 2004-09-16
EP1019467A4 (de) 2001-08-08
JP2001518949A (ja) 2001-10-16
EP1019467A1 (de) 2000-07-19
CN1258312A (zh) 2000-06-28
DE69821632D1 (de) 2004-03-18

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