EP1016848B1 - Stacked heat exchanger - Google Patents

Stacked heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1016848B1
EP1016848B1 EP99125616A EP99125616A EP1016848B1 EP 1016848 B1 EP1016848 B1 EP 1016848B1 EP 99125616 A EP99125616 A EP 99125616A EP 99125616 A EP99125616 A EP 99125616A EP 1016848 B1 EP1016848 B1 EP 1016848B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plates
plate
orientation
face
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99125616A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1016848A1 (en
Inventor
Said Naji
Laurent Legot
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Valeo Climatisation SA
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Valeo Climatisation SA
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Publication of EP1016848A1 publication Critical patent/EP1016848A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/03—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
    • F28D1/0308—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F28D1/0325—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having lateral openings therein for circulation of the heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
    • F28D1/0333—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having lateral openings therein for circulation of the heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another the plates having integrated connecting members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0202—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions
    • F28F9/0204—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions
    • F28F9/0214—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions having only longitudinal partitions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/906—Reinforcement

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a heating device, ventilation and / or air conditioning with a thermal loop fitted with a evaporator, said evaporator consisting of a stack of plates having first and second opposite longitudinal ends, some of which have separating elements intended to divert a flow of refrigerant flowing in an axial direction of the evaporator to direct it towards a region of channel in which it travels from one said end to the other in one direction longitudinal of the plates.
  • WO 99/13282 presents such a exchanger.
  • the partition plates and, more generally, the passages of boxes in brazed plate evaporators are designed to meet the mechanical strength requirements and to promote a balanced distribution of the fluid refrigerant on different channels.
  • the parts of the refrigerant conduits near the inlet and outlet manifolds meet the same requirements, while also seeking to favor the turbulence of the flow to intensify the heat exchanges.
  • the geometry is a source of turbulence and refrigerant stalls that are likely to generate an acoustic emission disturbing the comfort of the user.
  • the present invention proposes to reduce the flow noise which is generated outside by the evaporator.
  • the invention proposes to limit the vibrational excitation of partition plates or end plates.
  • the basic idea of the invention is to limit excitations in the areas where the refrigerant arrives on the walls of the exchanger with a speed component perpendicular to the wall, this being obtained by adding stiffening elements which limit the response of the wall to frontal impact of the fluid.
  • the invention thus relates to a device for heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning with a fitted thermal loop a heat exchanger, for example an evaporator, said heat exchanger consisting of a stack of orientation plates having a first and second ends called longitudinal opposite, and having plates end arranged at two opposite axial ends of the heat exchanger, certain orientation plates with dividing elements intended to derive a flow of refrigerant flowing in a so-called axial direction of the heat exchanger heat to direct it to a channel region in which it travels with a so-called end to end in a so-called longitudinal direction of the orientation plates, characterized in that at least one separating element has at least one means stiffening which is secured by stamping or by molding to at least one area of said separating element. This makes it possible to reduce the vibration amplitudes and / or to guide the fluid.
  • Heat exchangers generally have a shape rectangular whose largest dimension is parallel to the direction of flow not derived from the refrigerant.
  • Orientation plates are generally rectangular and have a length which is parallel to the direction of flow of the fluid in the canals.
  • the invention also applies to other geometries.
  • axial extends as designating the direction of refrigerant flow when it is not bypassed by a plate of orientation and the term “longitudinal direction of the orientation plates” means as the general direction of fluid flow along the channel (s), longitudinal end to the other of the plates.
  • orientation plates are partition plates which have at least one end at least one separating wall constituting a said separating element and which has at least one rib which constitutes a said stiffening means.
  • At least certain plates orientation are so-called standard plates presenting at their first and second ends at least one boss provided with an opening allowing an axial passage refrigerant and at least some orientation plates are substantially flat and have at least one end at least one separating wall whose the thickness is greater than twice the thickness of a so-called standard plate, this thickness advantageously being at least equal to the thickness of an end plate, and which constitutes a said stiffening means.
  • the plate may have a thickness substantially constant or even the separating wall may have a thickness greater than that of the rest of the plate. It is particularly advantageous the separating wall is profiled so as to guide the refrigerant from said axial direction of the evaporator towards said longitudinal direction of the plates, which reduces noise by at least partially avoiding the impact due to said noise speed component.
  • the heat exchanger for example an evaporator, consists of a stack of so-called standard plates and partition plates having at their first and at their second ends at least one boss having a face support, at least one of which has a separating element and at least one plate plane is interposed between the bearing faces of the bosses of two partition plates.
  • the evaporator is constituted by a stack of said standard plates, which have a first face, in particular planar, and a second face in particular plane from which extend said bosses, and at least some said flat plates are interposed between the first faces of two plates standards so as to define two half-channels for refrigerant passage, one between the first face of one of said two standard plates and a first face of said flat plate and the other between the second face of said flat plate and the first face of the other of said two standard plates.
  • At least one said flat plate may have at one end at minus an opening for the axial passage of refrigerant.
  • a said stiffening means is a stiffening plate interposed between a said end of two plates and which is integral with these.
  • this stiffening means is a stiffening plate secured to one end of said end plate.
  • said stiffening means is constituted by an edge of the end plate which is folded over one face of said end plate.
  • at least one transverse edge and / or one edge longitudinal protruding from the end plate can be folded against at least a side surface of the heat exchanger.
  • the invention aims to reduce the noise generated by the end plates by decoupling them from mechanical stresses that they receive.
  • the invention relates to a device for heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning with a fitted thermal loop a heat exchanger, for example an evaporator, said heat exchanger consisting of a stack of orientation plates having a first and second opposite longitudinal ends defining regions therebetween in which a refrigerant flows from one said end to the other in a longitudinal direction of the orientation plates, the first and the second longitudinal ends of the orientation plates having means for directing a flow of the refrigerant, either in an axial direction of the evaporator, or, in the drift, in a longitudinal direction of the orientation plates in a so-called channel region, some orientation plates being axial orientation plates, and some orientation plates being partition plates which, at least one of their ends, derive said fluid flow, in a said channel region, the heat exchanger, also having end plates arranged in two opposite axial ends of the evaporator, characterized in that at least one of the first and second longitudinal ends of at least one partition plate and / or at least one end plate is respectively coupled to
  • This element shock absorber may be a stamped boss secured to the corresponding end of the end plate.
  • This damping element can also be a metal sheet corrugated.
  • At least one damping element is advantageously secured to a means stiffening, so as to combine the damping effect and the stiffening effect, by example that provided by a ribbed separating wall.
  • the invention aims to reduce the noise generated by the end plates by reducing the acoustic coupling thereof with the outside of the heat exchanger, for example an evaporator.
  • the plates are generally brazed around a contour and have free regions protruding from the outside or inside of this outline and which are not attached to the rest of the evaporator.
  • these protruding regions are requested by the vibrations thus produced and also start to vibrate, which induces a coupling acoustics with the outside which is all the more important as the surface concerned is itself important.
  • the basic idea of the invention in its third concept is to reduce or even eliminate the influence of these protruding regions which are not attached to the evaporator.
  • the invention relates to a heating device, ventilation and / or air conditioning with a thermal loop fitted with a evaporator, said evaporator consisting of a stack of orientation plates having first and second opposite longitudinal ends and defining between them channel regions in which a refrigerant runs from one end to the other in a longitudinal region of the plates, the first and second longitudinal ends of the orientation plates having means for directing a flow of refrigerant, either in an axial direction at the evaporator, either in a longitudinal direction of the plates in a said region of channel, the evaporator having end plates arranged at two ends opposite axial sides of the evaporator and at least part of which, in particular the contour is secured, in particular by brazing, to an orientation plate, characterized in that that at least one edge of said part, in particular of the contour, is free from a region not secured to the orientation plate.
  • At least one outer edge of said part of the outline is bordered by a folded edge secured to said orientation plate.
  • at least one edge of said part of the contour constitutes an edge of an opening in an end plate. The surface of said opening is advantageously equal to 20% of the total surface of the plate end.
  • an orientation plate 1 called standard plate has at each of its longitudinal ends a pair of bosses 15, of which each has an opening 16 allowing the passage of a refrigerant in an axial direction of the evaporator.
  • These stamped bosses 15, which are directed towards the rear of Figure 1, are connected by hollow channels 14 delimited laterally by a longitudinal edge 11 of the plate 1 and separated from each other by a rib central longitudinal stamped 17.
  • the face 18 (which is seen in Figure 1) carries the channels 14 above while the opposite face 19 which is substantially planar in its central region is bordered at its ends by protruding bosses 15, as the better shows Figure 3a.
  • Figure 2a shows an orientation plate which constitutes a partition plate 20 and which is distinguished from plate 1 by the presence of at least one longitudinal ends of a separating wall 26 which constitutes the bottom of a embossed boss 25 and which prevents the axial passage of the refrigerant and which requires to redirect in a longitudinal direction of the plate in regions of channels 24.
  • a heat exchanger such as an evaporator is consisting of a stack of orientation plates, some of which are plates of axial orientation (or standard plates) and some of which are plates of partition which derive at least one of their ends the axial flow of the liquid refrigerant to supply the channels.
  • the axial ends of the evaporator are fitted with end plates.
  • ribs 26 ' which come from stamping with the partition plate 20 (or which are molded in plastic when the evaporator plates are plastic).
  • a partition plate will be referenced 2 if it has a non-ribbed separating wall 26, in accordance with the prior art. If she has a separating wall 26 provided with ribs 26 ′, it will be referenced 20.
  • Figure 2b shows a stack of so-called orientation plates standard 1 and partition plates 20.
  • This stacking of plates is made of manner known per se and defines, on the one hand, two supply channels 3 and 3 'located at the longitudinal ends of the plates and oriented in an axial direction of the evaporator (arrow F) and, on the other hand, channel regions 4 oriented in a longitudinal direction of the plates (arrow F ') between a face 18 of a plate 1 and a face 28 of a plate 2, that is to say that each longitudinal channel 4 of the plates is composed of two half-channels facing each other 14 and 28.
  • the bosses 15 and 25 are mounted head to tail and between them is trapped a corrugated sheet 5 generally called "fins" which is used conventionally to activate the heat exchanges of the evaporator.
  • the bosses 25 of the plates 20 have dividing walls 26 provided with ribs 26 '.
  • the ribs 26 ' shown in Figure 2a, have the form of braces, this shape is only given by way of example any shape stamped on the bottom 26 of the bosses 25 can perform the same function.
  • the face 29 of a first partition plate 20 is assembled against the face 19 of a second partition plate 20 so that the recess formed by the rib 26 'of the first partition plate is in communication with the recess formed by the rib 26 'of the second partition plate.
  • the change of direction of the flow is carried out using two partition plates.
  • the face 29 of the partition plate 20 having ribs 26 ' is interposed between the face 19 a standard orientation plate 1 and the face 18 of another orientation plate standard 1.
  • the change in direction of the flow is produced using a single partition plate 20.
  • Another way to reduce noise is to interpose plates thicker or with extra thickness at the closed end.
  • Figure 3a shows an embodiment of the invention in which the evaporator has so-called standard plates 1 stacked alternately in one direction and in the other, that is to say that the bosses 15 are located alternately on the left and right side of the plate.
  • Fins 51 and 52 are arranged between the faces 19 of two adjacent plates 1 whose bosses 15 are made face by aligning their openings 16.
  • Between the faces 18 of adjacent plates 1 are arranged one or more thick partition plates 6 which are substantially planes, which are closed at one of their longitudinal ends 60, and which have an opening 61 at their other end.
  • These plates 6 are thick plates which have a thickness e at least twice the thickness (some tenths of mm) of the sheet metal constituting the plates 1 and which is advantageously greater than the thickness e 'of an end plate, which is approximately 1 mm.
  • the plates 6 are inserted between two adjacent orientation plates, then brazed to them.
  • the assembly defines two half-channels 7 and 7 ′ separated at the level of the axial channel 3 and which communicate with each other by the opening 61, at the axial channel 3 '.
  • plates 1 and 2 are stacked as shown and a thick flat plate 65 closed to a longitudinal end and open by an opening 66 at its other end longitudinal is brazed between the bosses 25 of two partition plates 2 (or 20).
  • This thick plate 65 constitutes a stiffening element which reduces the emission acoustic due to the impact on the bottom 26 of the refrigerant coming from channel 3 in the direction of arrow F.
  • a corrugated metal sheet 53 is arranged between a side 29 of a plate 2 and one side of the plate 65 and another metal sheet corrugated 54 is arranged between the other face of the sheet 65 and the face 29 of the plate 2.
  • Figure 3c shows an embodiment which differs from the Figure 3a by the fact that the plate 6 has an extra thickness 67 at its end longitudinal at the axial channel 3.
  • the extra thickness 67 has a convex profile 68, which is able to facilitate the redirection of the axial flow towards the channels 7 and 7 ', preventing the fluid from attacking the plate 6 perpendicularly.
  • this extra thickness 67 advantageously has a concave profile so as to channel and to guide the fluid towards the channel 7.
  • Figure 4 shows a stack of plates 1 and 2 which is performed in the same way as in the case of Figure 3c, but in which the plate 65 is replaced by a thick plate 70 which extends across the width of the end corresponding longitudinal.
  • the bosses 25 of the plates 2 present at this end a lower height than at the other end, so as to take into account the thickness of this plate 70 (for example 1 mm or more).
  • the plate 6, the extra thickness 67 as well as the plate 70 are molded either from metal such as steel or aluminum or from a flexible material such as polymer or rubber.
  • Figure 5a shows the end of an evaporator according to the art prior.
  • An end plate 9 having recesses 91 at each of these longitudinal ends which are extended by planar regions 92 which are brazed on the bosses 25 of partition plates 2, a corrugated metal sheet 5 being trapped between the end plate 9 and the face 29 of the plate 2, for the fields between the evaporator and its environment.
  • a plate 93 is brazed on the external faces 98 of the flat regions 92 to constitute a stiffening element capable of reducing the noise generated by the axial impact of the fluid on the solid faces 26 of the plate (or 20).
  • the end plate 9 is flat and the thick end plates 90 'are arranged between them and the bosses 25 partition plate 2 (or 20).
  • Figure 5d also not in accordance with the invention, differs from Figure 5c by the fact that the end plates 90 are replaced by larger 90 'plates thickness, while the bosses 25 are replaced by bosses 24 of lower height, while keeping the same space available for the sheet corrugated metal 5.
  • transverse ends 96 and / or longitudinal 97 protruding from the end plate 9 are folded and brazed along the masses additional and / or fins.
  • Figure 6a illustrates a second concept according to the invention.
  • a flat end plate 9 is brazed on fins 5 having, at each of their longitudinal end, a region of height h which extends over a length corresponding approximately to the transverse dimension of the bosses 25 and, in part central, a region of height H which extends over a length corresponding approximately to the length of the channels 4. This allows a decoupling by damping between the plate 9 and the bosses 25 of the orientation plate 2 (or 20).
  • the plate 9 is decoupled by bosses 95 which dampen the transmission of vibrations from the plate orientation 2 (or 20).
  • the bosses 95 may consist of an orientation plate 1, 2 or 20 which is interposed between a partition plate 2 (or 20) and the plate end 9, the plate 9 being brazed against the face 28 of the orientation plate 1, 2 or 20.
  • the bosses 25 of the partition plate are brazed against the bosses 25 of the orientation plate 1, 2 or 20.
  • the planar end regions 92 in which the end plate 9 is brazed on the partition plate 2 have protruding parts or flanges 96 which project outwards beyond of the boss 25 of the partition plate 2.
  • this rim 96 is eliminated so that the plate 9 has edges 99 which do not do not extend beyond the contours on which the plate 9 is secured to the bosses 25, or preferably, as shown in Figure 7c, it is folded over the face 98 of the planar region 92.
  • the end plate 9 also shown in the Figure 8a may also have overhanging longitudinal regions 97 which are according to the invention advantageously folded and brazed on a lateral face of the evaporator.
  • the central region of the end plate 9, which is not secured to the evaporator, is capable of constituting an acoustic coupling region of large area. According to the invention, it is proposed to eliminate it by providing a cutout 108 of rectangular outline 100, 101. According to another embodiment, the end plate 9, shown in Figure 8b, has a central cutout 108 and its transverse 96 and longitudinal 97 protruding ends have been eliminated.
  • the end plate 9 which is shown for example in Figure 8c, no longer has regions that are not joined together nor towards the outside, since the regions protruding 96 and 97 were folded and brazed on the bosses 25 of the plate partition 2, nor inward since the cutout 108 has been made. Note that if the embodiment of Figure 8c provides for a folding and brazing of the protruding region 96 on the boss 25, it is also possible to perform these drawdowns on plate 9, as in Figure 7c.
  • the cut surface 108 represents more than 20% of the surface of a face of an orientation plate (or of an end plate classic).
  • it remove as much material as possible from the plate.
  • the remaining part of the plate protects the fins during the brazing process.
  • the remaining part of the plate shown in Figure 8b, has the shape of a frame, however this shape is not in no way limiting, the remaining part being able to be thumped by one or more intersecting bands (as shown in dotted lines at 120 in Figure 8b). These strips are joined at 121, for example up to their edges 122, to a plate orientation.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un dispositif de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation comportant une boucle thermique équipée d'un évaporateur, ledit évaporateur étant constitué d'un empilement de plaques présentant une première et une deuxième extrémités longitudinales opposées et dont certaines présentent des éléments de séparation destinés à dériver un flux de liquide frigorigène circulant dans une direction axiale de l'évaporateur pour le diriger vers une région de canal dans laquelle il chemine d'une dite extrémité à l'autre dans une direction longitudinale des plaques. Le document WO 99/13282 présente un tel échangeur.The subject of the present invention is a heating device, ventilation and / or air conditioning with a thermal loop fitted with a evaporator, said evaporator consisting of a stack of plates having first and second opposite longitudinal ends, some of which have separating elements intended to divert a flow of refrigerant flowing in an axial direction of the evaporator to direct it towards a region of channel in which it travels from one said end to the other in one direction longitudinal of the plates. WO 99/13282 presents such a exchanger.

Les plaques de partition et, d'une manière plus générale, les passages de boítes dans les évaporateurs à plaques brasées sont conçues pour répondre aux exigences de tenue mécanique et pour favoriser une répartition équilibre du fluide frigorigène sur les différents canaux. De même, les parties des conduits de réfrigérant près des collecteurs d'entrée et de sortie répondent aux même exigences, tout en cherchant également à favoriser la turbulence de l'écoulement pour intensifier les échanges thermiques.The partition plates and, more generally, the passages of boxes in brazed plate evaporators are designed to meet the mechanical strength requirements and to promote a balanced distribution of the fluid refrigerant on different channels. Likewise, the parts of the refrigerant conduits near the inlet and outlet manifolds meet the same requirements, while also seeking to favor the turbulence of the flow to intensify the heat exchanges.

Dans sa conception actuelle, qui permet de concilier tenue mécanique et niveau élevé d'échange thermique, la géométrie est source de turbulences et de décrochages du fluide frigorigène qui sont susceptibles de générer une émission acoustique perturbant le confort de l'utilisateur.In its current design, which makes it possible to reconcile mechanical and high level of heat exchange, the geometry is a source of turbulence and refrigerant stalls that are likely to generate an acoustic emission disturbing the comfort of the user.

La présente invention se propose de diminuer le bruit d'écoulement qui est généré à l'extérieur par l'évaporateur.The present invention proposes to reduce the flow noise which is generated outside by the evaporator.

L'invention propose à cet effer de limiter l'excitation vibratoire des plaques de partition ou bien des plaques d'extrémité.To this end, the invention proposes to limit the vibrational excitation of partition plates or end plates.

L'idée de base de l'invention, selon un premier aspect, est de limiter les excitations dans les zones où le fluide frigorigène arrive sur les parois de l'échangeur avec une composante de vitesse perpendiculaire à la paroi, ceci étant obtenu en ajoutant des éléments raidisseurs qui permettent de limiter !a réponse de la paroi aux chocs frontaux du fluide. The basic idea of the invention, according to a first aspect, is to limit excitations in the areas where the refrigerant arrives on the walls of the exchanger with a speed component perpendicular to the wall, this being obtained by adding stiffening elements which limit the response of the wall to frontal impact of the fluid.

Selon son premier aspect, l'invention concerne ainsi un dispositif de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation comportant une boucle thermique équipée d'un échangeur de chaleur, par exemple un évaporateur, ledit échangeur de chaleur étant constitué d'un empilement de plaques d'orientation présentant une première et des deuxième extrémités dites longitudinales opposées, et présentant des plaques d'extrémité disposées à deux extrémités axiales opposées de l'échangeur de chaleur, certaines plaques d'orientation présentant des éléments de séparation destinés à dériver un flux de liquide frigorigène circulant dans une direction dite axiale de l'échangeur de chaleur pour le diriger vers une région de canal dans laquelle il chemine d'une dite extrémité à l'autre dans une direction dite longitudinale des plaques d'orientation, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un élément de séparation présente au moins un moyen de raidissement qui est solidaire par emboutissage ou par moulage à au moins une zone dudit élément de séparation. Ceci permet de réduire les amplitudes vibratoires et/ou de guider le fluide.According to its first aspect, the invention thus relates to a device for heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning with a fitted thermal loop a heat exchanger, for example an evaporator, said heat exchanger consisting of a stack of orientation plates having a first and second ends called longitudinal opposite, and having plates end arranged at two opposite axial ends of the heat exchanger, certain orientation plates with dividing elements intended to derive a flow of refrigerant flowing in a so-called axial direction of the heat exchanger heat to direct it to a channel region in which it travels with a so-called end to end in a so-called longitudinal direction of the orientation plates, characterized in that at least one separating element has at least one means stiffening which is secured by stamping or by molding to at least one area of said separating element. This makes it possible to reduce the vibration amplitudes and / or to guide the fluid.

Les échangeurs de chaleur présentent en général une forme rectangulaire dont la plus grande dimension est parallèle à la direction du flux non dérivé du fluide frigorigène. Les plaques d'orientation sont en général rectangulaires et présentent une longueur qui est parallèle à la direction d'écoulement du fluide dans les canaux.Heat exchangers generally have a shape rectangular whose largest dimension is parallel to the direction of flow not derived from the refrigerant. Orientation plates are generally rectangular and have a length which is parallel to the direction of flow of the fluid in the canals.

L'invention s'applique également à d'autres géométries. De ce fait, au sens de la présente Demande, le terme "axial" s'étend comme désignant la direction d'écoulement du fluide frigorigène lorsqu'il n'est pas dérivé par une plaque d'orientation et le terme "direction longitudinale des plaques d'orientation" s'entend comme la direction générale d'écoulement du fluide le long du ou des canaux, d'une extrémité longitudinale à l'autre des plaques.The invention also applies to other geometries. Thereby, within the meaning of this Application, the term "axial" extends as designating the direction of refrigerant flow when it is not bypassed by a plate of orientation and the term "longitudinal direction of the orientation plates" means as the general direction of fluid flow along the channel (s), longitudinal end to the other of the plates.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation, au moins certaines desdites plaques d'orientation sont des plaques de partition qui présentent à au moins une extrémité au moins une paroi séparatrice constituant un dit élément de séparation et qui présente au moins une nervure qui constitue un dit moyen de raidissement.According to a first embodiment, at least some of said orientation plates are partition plates which have at least one end at least one separating wall constituting a said separating element and which has at least one rib which constitutes a said stiffening means.

Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation, au moins certaines plaques d'orientation sont des plaques dites standard présentant à leur première et deuxième extrémités au moins un bossage pourvu d'une ouverture permettant un passage axial du liquide frigorigène et au moins certaines plaques d'orientation sont sensiblement planes et présentent à au moins une extrémité au moins une paroi séparatrice dont l'épaisseur est supérieure à deux fois l'épaisseur d'une dite plaque standard, cette épaisseur étant avantageusement au moins égale à l'épaisseur d'une plaque d'extrémité, et qui constitue un dit moyen de raidissement. La plaque peut présenter une épaisseur sensiblement constante ou bien encore la paroi séparatrice peut présenter une épaisseur supérieure à celle du reste de la plaque. Il est particulièrement avantageux que la paroi séparatrice soit profilée de manière à guider le fluide frigorigène depuis ladite direction axiale de l'évaporateur vers ladite direction longitudinale des plaques, ce qui permet de diminuer le bruit en évitant au moins en partie l'impact dû à ladite composante de vitesse.According to a second embodiment, at least certain plates orientation are so-called standard plates presenting at their first and second ends at least one boss provided with an opening allowing an axial passage refrigerant and at least some orientation plates are substantially flat and have at least one end at least one separating wall whose the thickness is greater than twice the thickness of a so-called standard plate, this thickness advantageously being at least equal to the thickness of an end plate, and which constitutes a said stiffening means. The plate may have a thickness substantially constant or even the separating wall may have a thickness greater than that of the rest of the plate. It is particularly advantageous the separating wall is profiled so as to guide the refrigerant from said axial direction of the evaporator towards said longitudinal direction of the plates, which reduces noise by at least partially avoiding the impact due to said noise speed component.

Selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention sous son premier aspect, l'échangeur de chaleur, par exemple un évaporateur, est constitué par un empilement de dites plaques standards et de plaques de partition présentant à leur première et à leur deuxième extrémités au moins un bossage présentant une face d'appui dont l'une au moins présente un élément de séparation et au moins une plaque plane est intercalée entre les faces d'appui des bossages de deux plaques de partition.According to a third embodiment of the invention under its first aspect, the heat exchanger, for example an evaporator, consists of a stack of so-called standard plates and partition plates having at their first and at their second ends at least one boss having a face support, at least one of which has a separating element and at least one plate plane is interposed between the bearing faces of the bosses of two partition plates.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention sous son premier aspect, l'évaporateur est constitué par un empilement de dites plaques standard, lesquelles présentent une première face, notamment plane, et une deuxième face notamment plane à partir de laquelle s'étendent lesdits bossages, et au moins certaines desdites plaques planes sont intercalées entre les premières faces de deux plaques standards de manière à définir deux demi-canaux de passage de fluide frigorigène, l'un entre la première face de l'une desdites deux plaques standards et une première face de ladite plaque plane et l'autre entre la deuxième face de ladite plaque plane et la première face de l'autre desdites deux plaques standards.According to another embodiment of the invention in its first aspect, the evaporator is constituted by a stack of said standard plates, which have a first face, in particular planar, and a second face in particular plane from which extend said bosses, and at least some said flat plates are interposed between the first faces of two plates standards so as to define two half-channels for refrigerant passage, one between the first face of one of said two standard plates and a first face of said flat plate and the other between the second face of said flat plate and the first face of the other of said two standard plates.

Au moins une dite plaque plane peut présenter à une extrémité au moins une ouverture de passage axial de fluide frigorigène.At least one said flat plate may have at one end at minus an opening for the axial passage of refrigerant.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention sous son premier aspect, un dit moyen de raidissement est une plaque de raidissement interposée entre une dite extrémité de deux plaques et qui est solidarisée à celles-ci. According to another embodiment of the invention in its first aspect, a said stiffening means is a stiffening plate interposed between a said end of two plates and which is integral with these.

Les modes de réalisation donnés ci-dessus permettent de traiter le problème du bruit des plaques de partition, mais l'invention, sous son premier aspect s'applique également au cas des plaques d'extrémité et à cet effet au moins une plaque d'extrémité comporte au moins un dit moyen de raidissement.The embodiments given above make it possible to treat the problem of noise from partition plates, but the invention, in its first aspect also applies in the case of end plates and for this purpose at least one plate end comprises at least one said stiffening means.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation, ce moyen de raidissement est une plaque de raidissement solidaire d'une extrémité de ladite plaque extrémité.According to a first embodiment, this stiffening means is a stiffening plate secured to one end of said end plate.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, ledit moyen de raidissement est constitué par un bord de la plaque d'extrémité qui est replié sur une face de ladite plaque d'extrémité. Alternativement, au moins un bord transversal et/ou un bord longitudinal dépassant de la plaque d'extrémité, peuvent être repliées contre au moins une surface latérale de l'échangeur de chaleur.According to another embodiment, said stiffening means is constituted by an edge of the end plate which is folded over one face of said end plate. Alternatively, at least one transverse edge and / or one edge longitudinal protruding from the end plate, can be folded against at least a side surface of the heat exchanger.

Selon un deuxième aspect, l'invention vise à réduire le bruit généré par les plaques d'extrémité en découplant celles-ci des sollicitations mécaniques qu'elles reçoivent.According to a second aspect, the invention aims to reduce the noise generated by the end plates by decoupling them from mechanical stresses that they receive.

Selon son deuxième aspect, l'invention concerne un dispositif de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation comportant une boucle thermique équipée d'un échangeur de chaleur, par exemple un évaporateur, ledit échangeur de chaleur étant constitué d'un empilement de plaques d'orientation présentant une première et des deuxième extrémités longitudinales opposées et définissant entre elles des régions de canal dans lesquelles un fluide frigorigène chemine d'une dite extrémité à l'autre dans une direction longitudinale des plaques d'orientation, la première et les deuxième extrémités longitudinales des plaques d'orientation présentant des moyens pour diriger un flux du liquidé frigorigène, soit dans une direction axiale de l'évaporateur, soit, en le dérivant, dans une direction longitudinale des plaques d'orientation dans une dite région de canal, certaines plaques d'orientation étant des plaques d'orientation axiale, et certaines plaques d'orientation étant des plaques de partition qui, à au moins une de leurs extrémités, dérivent ledit flux de fluide, dans une dite région de canal, l'échangeur de chaleur, présentant également des plaques d'extrémité disposées à deux extrémités axiales opposées de l'évaporateur, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une des première et une deuxième extrémités longitudinales d'au moins une plaque de partition et/ou d'au moins une plaque d'extrémité est couplée respectivement à au moins une première et deuxième extrémités d'une dite plaque d'orientation (qui peut être ou non une plaque de partition) par l'intermédiaire d'un élément amortisseur. Cet élément amortisseur peut être un bossage embouti solidaire de l'extrémité correspondante de la plaque d'extrémité. Cet élément amortisseur peut être également une feuille métallique ondulée. Au moins un élément amortisseur est avantageusement solidaire d'un moyen de raidissement, de manière à associer l'effet amortisseur et l'effet raidisseur, par exemple celui procuré par une paroi séparatrice nervurée.According to its second aspect, the invention relates to a device for heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning with a fitted thermal loop a heat exchanger, for example an evaporator, said heat exchanger consisting of a stack of orientation plates having a first and second opposite longitudinal ends defining regions therebetween in which a refrigerant flows from one said end to the other in a longitudinal direction of the orientation plates, the first and the second longitudinal ends of the orientation plates having means for directing a flow of the refrigerant, either in an axial direction of the evaporator, or, in the drift, in a longitudinal direction of the orientation plates in a so-called channel region, some orientation plates being axial orientation plates, and some orientation plates being partition plates which, at least one of their ends, derive said fluid flow, in a said channel region, the heat exchanger, also having end plates arranged in two opposite axial ends of the evaporator, characterized in that at least one of the first and second longitudinal ends of at least one partition plate and / or at least one end plate is respectively coupled to at least one first and second ends of a said orientation plate (which may or may not be a partition plate) via a damping element. This element shock absorber may be a stamped boss secured to the corresponding end of the end plate. This damping element can also be a metal sheet corrugated. At least one damping element is advantageously secured to a means stiffening, so as to combine the damping effect and the stiffening effect, by example that provided by a ribbed separating wall.

Selon un troisième aspect, l'invention vise à réduire le bruit généré par les plaques d'extrémités en réduisant le couplage acoustique de celle-ci avec l'extérieur de l'échangeur de chaleur, par exemple un évaporateur. En effet, les plaques d'extrémité sont en général brasées selon un contour et présentent des régions libres qui dépassent de l'extérieur ou de l'intérieur de ce contour et qui ne sont pas fixées au reste de l'évaporateur. Lorsque les plaques d'extrémité sont soumises à l'impact dû à la circulation du liquide frigorigène, ces régions dépassantes sont sollicitées par les vibrations ainsi produites et se mettent également à vibrer, ce qui induit un couplage acoustique avec l'extérieur qui est d'autant plus important que la surface concernée est elle-même importante.According to a third aspect, the invention aims to reduce the noise generated by the end plates by reducing the acoustic coupling thereof with the outside of the heat exchanger, for example an evaporator. Indeed, the plates are generally brazed around a contour and have free regions protruding from the outside or inside of this outline and which are not attached to the rest of the evaporator. When the end plates are subjected to the impact due to the circulation of the refrigerant, these protruding regions are requested by the vibrations thus produced and also start to vibrate, which induces a coupling acoustics with the outside which is all the more important as the surface concerned is itself important.

L'idée de base de l'invention dans son troisième concept est de réduire, voire de supprimer l'influence de ces régions dépassantes qui ne sont pas fixées sur l'évaporateur.The basic idea of the invention in its third concept is to reduce or even eliminate the influence of these protruding regions which are not attached to the evaporator.

Dans ce but, l'invention concerne un dispositif de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation comportant une boucle thermique équipée d'un évaporateur, ledit évaporateur étant constitué d'un empilement de plaques d'orientation présentant une première et une deuxième extrémités longitudinales opposées et définissant entre elles des régions de canal dans lesquelles un fluide frigorigène chemine d'une extrémité à l'autre dans une région longitudinale des plaques, la première et la deuxième extrémités longitudinales des plaques d'orientation présentant des moyens pour diriger un flux de liquide frigorigène, soit dans une direction axiale à l'évaporateur, soit dans une direction longitudinale des plaques dans une dite région de canal, l'évaporateur présentant des plaques d'extrémité disposées à deux extrémités axiales opposées de l'évaporateur et dont au moins une partie notamment du contour est solidarisée, notamment par brasage, à une plaque d'orientation, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un bord de ladite partie notamment du contour est exempt de région non solidarisée à la plaque d'orientation.To this end, the invention relates to a heating device, ventilation and / or air conditioning with a thermal loop fitted with a evaporator, said evaporator consisting of a stack of orientation plates having first and second opposite longitudinal ends and defining between them channel regions in which a refrigerant runs from one end to the other in a longitudinal region of the plates, the first and second longitudinal ends of the orientation plates having means for directing a flow of refrigerant, either in an axial direction at the evaporator, either in a longitudinal direction of the plates in a said region of channel, the evaporator having end plates arranged at two ends opposite axial sides of the evaporator and at least part of which, in particular the contour is secured, in particular by brazing, to an orientation plate, characterized in that that at least one edge of said part, in particular of the contour, is free from a region not secured to the orientation plate.

Selon une première variante, au moins un bord externe de ladite partie du contour est longé par un bord replié et solidarisé à ladite plaque d'orientation. Selon une deuxième variante, au moins un bord de ladite partie du contour constitue un bord d'une ouverture ménagée dans une plaque d'extrémité. La surface de ladite ouverture est avantageusement égale à 20% de la surface totale de la plaque d'extrémité.According to a first variant, at least one outer edge of said part of the outline is bordered by a folded edge secured to said orientation plate. According to a second variant, at least one edge of said part of the contour constitutes an edge of an opening in an end plate. The surface of said opening is advantageously equal to 20% of the total surface of the plate end.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaítront mieux à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif en liaison avec les dessins dans lesquels :

  • la Figure 1 représente une plaque d'orientation constituant une plaque dite standard connue en soi ;
  • la Figure 2a représente une plaque d'orientation constituant une plaque de partition présentant une paroi séparatrice selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la Figure 2b représente un mode de réalisation de l'invention mettant en oeuvre une paroi séparatrice ;
  • les Figures 3a à 3c représentent trois modes de réalisation de l'invention mettant en oeuvre des plaques séparatrices dites planes ;
  • la Figure 4 représente un mode de réalisation de l'invention mettant en oeuvre une masse additionnelle interposée entre des plaques d'orientation ;
  • les Figures 5a à 5d représentent respectivement un détail d'une extrémité d'un évaporateur selon l'art antérieur,
  • La figure 6a représente un mode de réalisation non conforme à l'invention.
  • la figure 6b représente un mode de réalisation permettant de découpler les plaques d'extrêmité au reste de l'évaporateur
  • les Figures 7a à 7d représentent respectivement un détail d'une extrémité d'un évaporateur selon l'art antérieur, et trois modes de réalisation visant à diminuer le bruit généré par une dite plaque d'extrémité, selon trois modes de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • les Figures 8a à 8c représentent respectivement une plaque d'extrémité selon l'art antérieur et deux modes de réalisation d'une plaque d'extrémité selon l'invention, permettant de diminuer le bruit émis par lesdites plaques.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear better on reading the description which follows, given by way of nonlimiting example in connection with the drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 shows an orientation plate constituting a so-called standard plate known per se;
  • Figure 2a shows an orientation plate constituting a partition plate having a separating wall according to an embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 2b shows an embodiment of the invention using a separating wall;
  • Figures 3a to 3c show three embodiments of the invention using so-called planar separator plates;
  • Figure 4 shows an embodiment of the invention using an additional mass interposed between orientation plates;
  • FIGS. 5a to 5d respectively represent a detail of one end of an evaporator according to the prior art,
  • Figure 6a shows an embodiment not in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 6b represents an embodiment making it possible to decouple the end plates from the rest of the evaporator
  • Figures 7a to 7d respectively represent a detail of one end of an evaporator according to the prior art, and three embodiments aimed at reducing the noise generated by a said end plate, according to three embodiments of the invention;
  • Figures 8a to 8c respectively represent an end plate according to the prior art and two embodiments of an end plate according to the invention, making it possible to reduce the noise emitted by said plates.

Selon la Figure 1, une plaque d'orientation 1 dite plaque standard présente à chacune de ses extrémités longitudinales une paire de bossages 15, dont chacun présente une ouverture 16 permettant le passage d'un fluide frigorigène dans une direction axiale de l'évaporateur. Ces bossages emboutis 15, qui sont dirigés vers l'arrière de la Figure 1, sont reliés par des canaux en creux 14 délimités latéralement par un bord longitudinal 11 de la plaque 1 et séparés entre eux par une nervure emboutie longitudinale centrale 17. La face 18 (qui est vue à la Figure 1) porte les canaux 14 précités alors que la face opposée 19 qui est sensiblement plane dans sa région centrale est bordée à ses extrémités par les bossages en saillie 15, comme le montre mieux la Figure 3a.According to Figure 1, an orientation plate 1 called standard plate has at each of its longitudinal ends a pair of bosses 15, of which each has an opening 16 allowing the passage of a refrigerant in an axial direction of the evaporator. These stamped bosses 15, which are directed towards the rear of Figure 1, are connected by hollow channels 14 delimited laterally by a longitudinal edge 11 of the plate 1 and separated from each other by a rib central longitudinal stamped 17. The face 18 (which is seen in Figure 1) carries the channels 14 above while the opposite face 19 which is substantially planar in its central region is bordered at its ends by protruding bosses 15, as the better shows Figure 3a.

La Figure 2a représente une plaque d'orientation qui constitue une plaque de partition 20 et qui se distingue de la plaque 1 par la présence à au moins une des extrémités longitudinales d'une paroi séparatrice 26 qui constitue le fond d'un bossage embouti 25 et qui empêche le passage axial du fluide frigorigène et qui lui impose de se rediriger dans une direction longitudinale de la plaque dans des régions de canaux 24.Figure 2a shows an orientation plate which constitutes a partition plate 20 and which is distinguished from plate 1 by the presence of at least one longitudinal ends of a separating wall 26 which constitutes the bottom of a embossed boss 25 and which prevents the axial passage of the refrigerant and which requires to redirect in a longitudinal direction of the plate in regions of channels 24.

En d'autres termes, un échangeur de chaleur tel qu'un évaporateur est constitué par un empilement de plaques d'orientation dont certaines sont des plaques d'orientation axiales (ou plaques standard) et dont certaines sont des plaques de partition qui dérivent à l'une au moins de leurs extrémités le flux axial du liquide frigorigène pour alimenter les canaux. Les extrémités axiales de l'évaporateur sont équipées de plaques d'extrémité.In other words, a heat exchanger such as an evaporator is consisting of a stack of orientation plates, some of which are plates of axial orientation (or standard plates) and some of which are plates of partition which derive at least one of their ends the axial flow of the liquid refrigerant to supply the channels. The axial ends of the evaporator are fitted with end plates.

Pour diminuer le bruit généré par l'impact axial du fluide de refroidissement sur les parois séparatrices 26, celles-ci sont, selon l'invention, raidies grâce à des nervures 26' qui viennent d'emboutissage avec la plaque de partition 20 (ou qui sont moulées dans de la matière plastique lorsque les plaques de l'évaporateur sont en plastique).To reduce the noise generated by the axial impact of the cooling on the separating walls 26, these are, according to the invention, stiffened thanks to ribs 26 'which come from stamping with the partition plate 20 (or which are molded in plastic when the evaporator plates are plastic).

Par convention, une plaque de partition sera référencée 2 si elle présente une paroi séparatrice 26 non nervurée, conformément à l'art antérieur. Si elle présente une paroi séparatrice 26 pourvue de nervures 26', elle sera référencée 20.By convention, a partition plate will be referenced 2 if it has a non-ribbed separating wall 26, in accordance with the prior art. If she has a separating wall 26 provided with ribs 26 ′, it will be referenced 20.

La Figure 2b montre un empilement de plaques d'orientation dites standard 1 et de plaques de partition 20. Cet empilement de plaques est réalisé de manière connue en soi et définit, d'une part, deux canaux d'alimentation 3 et 3' situés aux extrémités longitudinales des plaques et orientés dans une direction axiale de l'évaporateur (flèche F) et, d'autre part, des régions de canaux 4 orientées dans une direction longitudinale des plaques (flèche F') entre une face 18 d'une plaque 1 et une face 28 d'une plaque 2, c'est-à-dire que chaque canal longitudinal 4 des plaques est composé de deux demi-canaux se faisant face 14 et 28. Les bossages 15 et 25 sont montés tête-bêche et entre eux est emprisonnée une feuille ondulée 5 généralement appelée "ailettes" qui sert de manière classique à activer les échanges thermiques de l'évaporateur.Figure 2b shows a stack of so-called orientation plates standard 1 and partition plates 20. This stacking of plates is made of manner known per se and defines, on the one hand, two supply channels 3 and 3 'located at the longitudinal ends of the plates and oriented in an axial direction of the evaporator (arrow F) and, on the other hand, channel regions 4 oriented in a longitudinal direction of the plates (arrow F ') between a face 18 of a plate 1 and a face 28 of a plate 2, that is to say that each longitudinal channel 4 of the plates is composed of two half-channels facing each other 14 and 28. The bosses 15 and 25 are mounted head to tail and between them is trapped a corrugated sheet 5 generally called "fins" which is used conventionally to activate the heat exchanges of the evaporator.

Dans le cadre de l'invention, les bossages 25 des plaques 20 présentent des parois séparatrices 26 pourvues de nervures 26'.In the context of the invention, the bosses 25 of the plates 20 have dividing walls 26 provided with ribs 26 '.

Les nervures 26', représentées sur la Figure 2a, ont la forme de croisillons, cette forme n'est donnée qu'à titre d'exemple toute forme emboutie sur le fond 26 des bossages 25 pouvant assurer la même fonction.The ribs 26 ', shown in Figure 2a, have the form of braces, this shape is only given by way of example any shape stamped on the bottom 26 of the bosses 25 can perform the same function.

Selon un exemple de réalisation représenté en Figure 2b, la face 29 d'une première plaque de partition 20 est assemblée contre la face 19 d'une seconde plaque de partition 20 de manière à ce que l'évidement formé par la nervure 26' de la première plaque de partition soit en communication avec l'évidement formé par la nervure 26' de la seconde plaque de partition. Dans cet exemple de réalisation, le changement de direction du flux est réalisé à l'aide de deux plaques de partition.According to an exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 2b, the face 29 of a first partition plate 20 is assembled against the face 19 of a second partition plate 20 so that the recess formed by the rib 26 'of the first partition plate is in communication with the recess formed by the rib 26 'of the second partition plate. In this exemplary embodiment, the change of direction of the flow is carried out using two partition plates.

Selon un autre exemple de réalisation (non représenté), la face 29 de la plaque de partition 20 comportant des nervures 26' est interposée entre la face 19 d'une plaque d'orientation standard 1 et la face 18 d'une autre plaque d'orientation standard 1. Dans cet exemple de réalisation, le changement de direction du flux est réalisé à l'aide d'une seule plaque de partition 20.According to another exemplary embodiment (not shown), the face 29 of the partition plate 20 having ribs 26 'is interposed between the face 19 a standard orientation plate 1 and the face 18 of another orientation plate standard 1. In this exemplary embodiment, the change in direction of the flow is produced using a single partition plate 20.

Un autre moyen de diminuer le bruit est d'interposer des plaques plus épaisses ou présentant des surépaisseurs au niveau de l'extrémité fermée.Another way to reduce noise is to interpose plates thicker or with extra thickness at the closed end.

La Figure 3a représente un mode de réalisation de l'invention dans lequel l'évaporateur comporte des plaques dites standard 1 empilées alternativement dans un sens et dans l'autre, c'est-à-dire que les bossages 15 sont situés alternativement du côté gauche et du côté droit de la plaque. Des ailettes 51 et 52 sont disposées entre les faces 19 de deux plaques 1 adjacentes dont les bossages 15 se font face en alignant leurs ouvertures 16. Entre les faces 18 de plaques adjacentes 1 sont disposées une ou plusieurs plaques de partition épaisses 6 qui sont sensiblement planes, qui sont fermées à une de leurs extrémités longitudinales 60, et qui présentent une ouverture 61 à leur autre extrémité. Ces plaques 6 sont des plaques épaisses qui présentent une épaisseur e au moins deux fois supérieure à l'épaisseur (quelques dixièmes de mm) de la tôle constituant les plaques 1 et qui est avantageusement supérieure à l'épaisseur e' d'une plaque d'extrémité, qui est d'environ 1 mm. Les plaques 6 sont insérées entre deux plaques d'orientation adjacentes, puis brasées à celles-ci.Figure 3a shows an embodiment of the invention in which the evaporator has so-called standard plates 1 stacked alternately in one direction and in the other, that is to say that the bosses 15 are located alternately on the left and right side of the plate. Fins 51 and 52 are arranged between the faces 19 of two adjacent plates 1 whose bosses 15 are made face by aligning their openings 16. Between the faces 18 of adjacent plates 1 are arranged one or more thick partition plates 6 which are substantially planes, which are closed at one of their longitudinal ends 60, and which have an opening 61 at their other end. These plates 6 are thick plates which have a thickness e at least twice the thickness (some tenths of mm) of the sheet metal constituting the plates 1 and which is advantageously greater than the thickness e 'of an end plate, which is approximately 1 mm. The plates 6 are inserted between two adjacent orientation plates, then brazed to them.

Comme le montre la Figure 3a, l'assemblage définit deux demi-canaux 7 et 7' séparés au niveau du canal axial 3 et qui communiquent entre eux par l'ouverture 61, au niveau du canal axial 3'.As shown in Figure 3a, the assembly defines two half-channels 7 and 7 ′ separated at the level of the axial channel 3 and which communicate with each other by the opening 61, at the axial channel 3 '.

Dans le mode de réalisation de la Figure 3b, les plaques 1 et 2 (ou bien 20) sont empilées comme représenté et une plaque plane épaisse 65 fermée à une extrémité longitudinale et ouverte par une ouverture 66 à son autre extrémité longitudinale est brasée entre les bossages 25 de deux plaques de partition 2 (ou 20). Cette plaque épaisse 65 constitue un élément raidisseur qui diminue l'émission acoustique due à l'impact sur le fond 26 du liquide frigorigène provenant du canal 3 dans le sens de la flèche F. Une feuille métallique ondulée 53 est disposée entre une face 29 d'une plaque 2 et une face de la plaque 65 et une autre feuille métallique ondulée 54 est disposée entre l'autre face de la feuille 65 et la face 29 de la plaque 2. In the embodiment of Figure 3b, plates 1 and 2 (or well 20) are stacked as shown and a thick flat plate 65 closed to a longitudinal end and open by an opening 66 at its other end longitudinal is brazed between the bosses 25 of two partition plates 2 (or 20). This thick plate 65 constitutes a stiffening element which reduces the emission acoustic due to the impact on the bottom 26 of the refrigerant coming from channel 3 in the direction of arrow F. A corrugated metal sheet 53 is arranged between a side 29 of a plate 2 and one side of the plate 65 and another metal sheet corrugated 54 is arranged between the other face of the sheet 65 and the face 29 of the plate 2.

La Figure 3c représente un mode de réalisation qui se distingue de la Figure 3a par le fait que la plaque 6 présente une surépaisseur 67 à son extrémité longitudinale au niveau du canal axial 3. Selon un mode de réalisation représenté à la Figure 3c, la surépaisseur 67 présente un profil 68 convexe, qui est apte à faciliter la redirection du flux axial vers les canaux 7 et 7', en évitant que le fluide n'attaque la plaque 6 perpendiculairement.Figure 3c shows an embodiment which differs from the Figure 3a by the fact that the plate 6 has an extra thickness 67 at its end longitudinal at the axial channel 3. According to an embodiment shown in the Figure 3c, the extra thickness 67 has a convex profile 68, which is able to facilitate the redirection of the axial flow towards the channels 7 and 7 ', preventing the fluid from attacking the plate 6 perpendicularly.

Selon un second exemple de réalisation (non représenté), cette surépaisseur 67 présente avantageusement un profil concave de manière à canaliser et à guider le fluide vers le canal 7.According to a second embodiment (not shown), this extra thickness 67 advantageously has a concave profile so as to channel and to guide the fluid towards the channel 7.

La Figure 4 représente un empilement de plaques 1 et 2 qui est réalisé de la même façon que dans le cas de la Figure 3c, mais dans lequel la plaque 65 est remplacée par une plaque épaisse 70 qui s'étend sur la largeur de l'extrémité longitudinale correspondante. Les bossages 25 des plaques 2 présentent à cette extrémité une hauteur plus faible qu'à l'autre extrémité, de manière à tenir compte de l'épaisseur de cette plaquette 70 (par exemple 1 mm ou plus).Figure 4 shows a stack of plates 1 and 2 which is performed in the same way as in the case of Figure 3c, but in which the plate 65 is replaced by a thick plate 70 which extends across the width of the end corresponding longitudinal. The bosses 25 of the plates 2 present at this end a lower height than at the other end, so as to take into account the thickness of this plate 70 (for example 1 mm or more).

La plaque 6, la surépaisseur 67 ainsi que la plaquette 70 sont moulées soit dans du métal tel que l'acier ou l'aluminium soit dans une matière souple telle que du polymère ou du caoutchouc.The plate 6, the extra thickness 67 as well as the plate 70 are molded either from metal such as steel or aluminum or from a flexible material such as polymer or rubber.

La Figure 5a représente l'extrémité d'un évaporateur selon l'art antérieur. Une plaque d'extrémité 9 présentant des décrochements 91 à chacune de ces extrémités longitudinales qui sont prolongés par des régions planes 92 qui sont brasées sur les bossages 25 de plaques de partition 2, une feuille métallique ondulée 5 étant emprisonnée entre la plaque d'extrémité 9 et la face 29 de la plaque 2, pour les champs thermiques entre l'évaporateur et son environnement.Figure 5a shows the end of an evaporator according to the art prior. An end plate 9 having recesses 91 at each of these longitudinal ends which are extended by planar regions 92 which are brazed on the bosses 25 of partition plates 2, a corrugated metal sheet 5 being trapped between the end plate 9 and the face 29 of the plate 2, for the fields between the evaporator and its environment.

Selon une variante non conforme à l'invention et comme représenté à la Figure 5b, une plaquette 93 est brasée sur les faces externes 98 des régions planes 92 pour constituer un élément raidisseur apte à diminuer le bruit généré par l'impact axial du fluide sur les faces pleines 26 de la plaque (ou 20).According to a variant not in accordance with the invention and as shown in Figure 5b, a plate 93 is brazed on the external faces 98 of the flat regions 92 to constitute a stiffening element capable of reducing the noise generated by the axial impact of the fluid on the solid faces 26 of the plate (or 20).

Sur la variante non couverte par l'invention de la Figure 5c, la plaque d'extrémité 9 est plane et les plaquettes d'extrémité épaisses 90' sont disposées entre celles-ci et les bossages 25 de la plaque de partition 2 (ou 20). On the variant not covered by the invention of Figure 5c, the end plate 9 is flat and the thick end plates 90 'are arranged between them and the bosses 25 partition plate 2 (or 20).

La Figure 5d, elle aussi non conforme à l'invention, se distingue de la Figure 5c par le fait que les plaquettes d'extrémité 90 sont remplacées par des plaquettes 90' de plus grande épaisseur, alors que les bossages 25 sont quant à eux remplacés par des bossages 24 de plus faible hauteur, tout en conservant le même espace disponible pour la feuille métallique ondulée 5.Figure 5d, also not in accordance with the invention, differs from Figure 5c by the fact that the end plates 90 are replaced by larger 90 'plates thickness, while the bosses 25 are replaced by bosses 24 of lower height, while keeping the same space available for the sheet corrugated metal 5.

De plus, les extrémités transversales 96 et/ou longitudinales 97 débordantes de la plaque d'extrémité 9 sont repliées et brasées le long des masses additionnelles et/ou des ailettes.In addition, the transverse ends 96 and / or longitudinal 97 protruding from the end plate 9 are folded and brazed along the masses additional and / or fins.

La Figure 6a illustre un deuxième concept selon l'invention. Une plaque d'extrémité 9 plane est brasée sur des ailettes 5 présentant, à chacune de leur extrémité longitudinale, une région de hauteur h qui s'étend sur une longueur correspondant environ à la dimension transversale des bossages 25 et, en partie centrale, une région de hauteur H qui s'étend sur une longueur correspondant environ à la longueur des canaux 4. Ceci permet un découplage par amortissement entre la plaque 9 et les bossages 25 de la plaque d'orientation 2 (ou 20).Figure 6a illustrates a second concept according to the invention. A flat end plate 9 is brazed on fins 5 having, at each of their longitudinal end, a region of height h which extends over a length corresponding approximately to the transverse dimension of the bosses 25 and, in part central, a region of height H which extends over a length corresponding approximately to the length of the channels 4. This allows a decoupling by damping between the plate 9 and the bosses 25 of the orientation plate 2 (or 20).

Selon la Figure 6b, la plaque 9 est découplée par des bossages 95 qui assurent un amortissement de la transmission des vibrations à partir de la plaque d'orientation 2 (ou 20).According to Figure 6b, the plate 9 is decoupled by bosses 95 which dampen the transmission of vibrations from the plate orientation 2 (or 20).

Les bossages 95 peuvent être constitués d'une plaque d'orientation 1, 2 ou 20 qui est intercalée entre une plaque de partition 2 (ou 20) et la plaque d'extrémité 9, la plaque 9 étant brasée contre la face 28 de la plaque d'orientation 1, 2 ou 20. Dans ce cas, les bossages 25 de la plaque de partition sont brasées contre les bossages 25 de la plaque d'orientation 1, 2 ou 20. Avantageusement, deux plaques de partition 20 comportant des nervures 26' sont assemblées de manière à ce que l'évidement formé par la nervure 26' d'une plaque de partition soit en communication avec l'évidement formé par la nervure 26' de l'autre plaque de partition.The bosses 95 may consist of an orientation plate 1, 2 or 20 which is interposed between a partition plate 2 (or 20) and the plate end 9, the plate 9 being brazed against the face 28 of the orientation plate 1, 2 or 20. In this case, the bosses 25 of the partition plate are brazed against the bosses 25 of the orientation plate 1, 2 or 20. Advantageously, two plates of partition 20 having ribs 26 'are assembled so that the recess formed by the rib 26 'of a partition plate is in communication with the recess formed by the rib 26 'of the other partition plate.

Ce découplage par amortissement diminue la transmission du bruit vers les plaques d'extrémité 9 et donc l'émission acoustique produite par les plaques 9.This decoupling by damping reduces the transmission of noise towards the end plates 9 and therefore the acoustic emission produced by the plates 9.

Comme le montre la Figure 7a, les régions d'extrémités planes 92 dans lesquelles la plaque d'extrémité 9 est brasée sur la plaque de partition 2 présentent des parties dépassantes ou rebords 96 qui débordent vers l'extérieur au-delà du bossage 25 de la plaque de partition 2. Selon le mode de réalisation de la Figure 7b, ce rebord 96 est éliminé de sorte que la plaque 9 présente des bords 99 qui ne s'étendent pas au delà des contours sur lesquels la plaque 9 est solidarisée aux bossages 25, ou bien de préférence, comme représenté à la Figure 7c, il est replié sur la face 98 de la région plane 92. La plaque d'extrémité 9 également représentée à la Figure 8a peut également présenter des régions longitudinales débordantes 97 qui sont selon l'invention avantageusement repliées et brasées sur une face latérale de l'évaporateur. La région centrale de la plaque d'extrémité 9, qui n'est pas solidarisée à l'évaporateur, est susceptible de constituer une région de couplage acoustique de surface importante. Selon l'invention, il est proposé de l'éliminer en ménageant une découpe 108 de contour rectangulaire 100, 101. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, la plaque d'extrémité 9, représentée en Figure 8b, comporte une découpe centrale 108 et ses extrémités débordantes transversales 96 et longitudinales 97 ont été éliminées.As shown in Figure 7a, the planar end regions 92 in which the end plate 9 is brazed on the partition plate 2 have protruding parts or flanges 96 which project outwards beyond of the boss 25 of the partition plate 2. According to the embodiment of FIG. 7b, this rim 96 is eliminated so that the plate 9 has edges 99 which do not do not extend beyond the contours on which the plate 9 is secured to the bosses 25, or preferably, as shown in Figure 7c, it is folded over the face 98 of the planar region 92. The end plate 9 also shown in the Figure 8a may also have overhanging longitudinal regions 97 which are according to the invention advantageously folded and brazed on a lateral face of the evaporator. The central region of the end plate 9, which is not secured to the evaporator, is capable of constituting an acoustic coupling region of large area. According to the invention, it is proposed to eliminate it by providing a cutout 108 of rectangular outline 100, 101. According to another embodiment, the end plate 9, shown in Figure 8b, has a central cutout 108 and its transverse 96 and longitudinal 97 protruding ends have been eliminated.

La plaque d'extrémité 9 qui est représentée par exemple à la Figure 8c, ne présente plus de régions non solidarisées ni vers l'extérieur, puisque les régions débordantes 96 et 97 ont été repliées et brasées sur les bossages 25 de la plaque de partition 2, ni vers l'intérieur puisque la découpe 108 a été réalisée. On notera que, si le mode de réalisation de la Figure 8c prévoit un rabattement et un brasage de la région débordante 96 sur le bossage 25, il est également possible d'effectuer ces rabattements sur la plaque 9, comme à la Figure 7c.The end plate 9 which is shown for example in Figure 8c, no longer has regions that are not joined together nor towards the outside, since the regions protruding 96 and 97 were folded and brazed on the bosses 25 of the plate partition 2, nor inward since the cutout 108 has been made. Note that if the embodiment of Figure 8c provides for a folding and brazing of the protruding region 96 on the boss 25, it is also possible to perform these drawdowns on plate 9, as in Figure 7c.

Avantageusement, la surface découpée 108 représente plus de 20% de la surface d'une face d'une plaque d'orientation (ou d'une plaque d'extrémité classique). En effet, pour diminuer l'excitation vibratoire des plaques d'extrémité, il faut enlever le maximum de matière de la plaque. La partie restante de la plaque protège les ailettes lors du processus de brasage. La partie restante de la plaque, représentée sur la Figure 8b, a la forme d'un cadre, cependant cette forme n'est nullement limitative, la partie restante pouvant ainsi être tonnée par une ou plusieurs bandes qui se croisent (comme représenté en pointillés en 120 à la Figure 8b). Ces bandes sont solidarisées en 121, par exemple jusqu'à leurs bords 122, à une plaque d'orientation. Advantageously, the cut surface 108 represents more than 20% of the surface of a face of an orientation plate (or of an end plate classic). In fact, to reduce the vibratory excitation of the end plates, it remove as much material as possible from the plate. The remaining part of the plate protects the fins during the brazing process. The remaining part of the plate, shown in Figure 8b, has the shape of a frame, however this shape is not in no way limiting, the remaining part being able to be thumped by one or more intersecting bands (as shown in dotted lines at 120 in Figure 8b). These strips are joined at 121, for example up to their edges 122, to a plate orientation.

Les modes de réalisation décrits ci-dessus permettent de limiter l'excitation vibratoire des plaques de partition et/ou des plaques d'extrémités en tenant compte des phénomènes d'excitation vibratoire qui sont dus à l'impact du fluide frigorigène sur les parois de l'échangeur avec une composante de vitesse perpendiculaire à la paroi.The embodiments described above make it possible to limit the vibratory excitation of the partition plates and / or the end plates while holding account of vibrational excitation phenomena which are due to the impact of the fluid refrigerant on the exchanger walls with a speed component perpendicular to the wall.

Un tel échangeur à plaques peut ainsi répondre à une double utilisation :

  • soit comme évaporateur pour les systèmes de climatisation automobile,
  • soit comme évaporateur ou échangeur gaz-gaz pour un système combiné de climatisation automobile et de chauffage additionnel thermodynamique.
Such a plate heat exchanger can thus meet a dual use:
  • either as an evaporator for automobile air conditioning systems,
  • either as an evaporator or gas-gas exchanger for a combined automotive air conditioning and additional thermodynamic heating system.

On remarquera que les modes de réalisation décrits peuvent être réalisés par une technique d'emboutissage qui ne présente aucun surcoût par rapport aux solutions actuellement mises en oeuvre.It will be noted that the embodiments described can be produced by a stamping technique which presents no additional cost compared to the solutions currently implemented.

Claims (14)

  1. Heating, ventilation and/or air conditioning device comprising a thermal loop equipped with a heat exchanger, the said heat exchanger consisting of a stack of orientation plates having first and second opposite longitudinal ends and having end plates (9) disposed at two opposite axial ends of the heat exchanger, some orientation plates having separation elements intended to divert a flow of refrigerating liquid circulating in an axial direction of the heat exchanger in order to direct it to a channel region in which it flows from one said end to the other in a longitudinal direction of the orientation plates, characterised in that at least one separation element (6, 26) has at least one stiffening means (26', 65, 67, 70) which is fixed by pressing or casting to at least one area of the said separation element (6, 26).
  2. Device according to Claim 1, characterised in that at least some of the said orientation plates are partition plates (20) which have at at least one end at least one separating wall (26) constituting a said separation element and which has at least one rib (26') and which constitutes a said stiffening means.
  3. Device according to Claim 1, characterised in that at least some orientation plates are so-called standard plates (1) having at the first and second end at least one protrusion (15) provided with an opening (16) allowing an axial passage of refrigerating liquid and in that at least some orientation plates (6) are substantially flat, and have at at least one end at least one separating wall whose thickness is greater than twice the thickness of a said standard plate (1) and advantageously at least equal to the thickness of an end plate (9) and which constitutes a said stiffening means.
  4. Device according to Claim 3, characterised in that a said orientation plate (6) has a substantially constant thickness (e).
  5. Device according to Claim 3, characterised in that the said separating wall (67) has a thickness greater than that (e) of the rest of the plate (6).
  6. Device according to Claim 5, characterised in that the said separating wall (67) is profiled (68) so as to guide the refrigerating fluid from the said axial direction (F) of the evaporator towards the said longitudinal direction (F') of the orientation plates (1, 2).
  7. Device according to one of Claims 3 to 6, characterised in that the evaporator consists of a stack of said standard plates (1), which have a first face (18) and a second face (19) from which the said protrusions (15) extend, and in that at least some of the said flat plates (6) are interposed between the first faces (18) of two standard plates (1) so as to define two half-channels (7, 7') for the passage of refrigerating fluid, one between the first face (18) of one of the said two standard plates (1) and a first face of the said flat plate (6), and the other between a second face of the said flat plate (6) and the first face (18) of the other of the said two standard plates (1).
  8. Device according to one of Claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the heat exchanger consists of a stack of the said standard plates (1) and partition plates (2, 20) having at their first and second end at least one protrusion (25) having an abutment face (25'), at least one of which has a separation element (26), and in that at least one flat plate (65) is interposed between the abutment faces (25') of the protrusions (25) of two partition plates (2, 20).
  9. Device according to Claims 3 to 8, characterised in that at least one said flat plate (6) has at one end at least one opening (61, 66) for the axial passage of refrigerating fluid.
  10. Device according to Claim 1, characterised in that a said stiffening means is a stiffening plate (70) interposed between a said end of two orientation plates (2, 20) and which is fixed to these.
  11. Device according to Claim 1, characterised in that it has at least one end plate (9) which comprises at least one said stiffening means.
  12. Device according to Claim 11, characterised in that the said stiffening means is a stiffening plate (90, 90', 93) fixed to one end of the said end plate (9).
  13. Device according to Claim 11, characterised in that the said stiffening means consists of an edge (96) of the end plate (9) which is folded over a face (98) of the said end plate (9).
  14. Device according to Claim 11, characterised in that at least one transverse edge (96) and/or one longitudinal edge (97) of the end plate (9) is folded against at least one lateral surface of the heat exchanger. Translator's note: It has been assumed that, in Claim 2, "disposition" should read "dispositif" as in the other claims.
EP99125616A 1998-12-30 1999-12-22 Stacked heat exchanger Expired - Lifetime EP1016848B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9816635 1998-12-30
FR9816635A FR2788116B1 (en) 1998-12-30 1998-12-30 HEATING, VENTILATION AND / OR AIR CONDITIONING DEVICE COMPRISING A THERMAL LOOP EQUIPPED WITH AN EVAPORATOR

Publications (2)

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EP1016848A1 EP1016848A1 (en) 2000-07-05
EP1016848B1 true EP1016848B1 (en) 2003-03-12

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EP99125616A Expired - Lifetime EP1016848B1 (en) 1998-12-30 1999-12-22 Stacked heat exchanger

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US (1) US6408940B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1016848B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4809512B2 (en)
DE (1) DE69905848T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2194416T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2788116B1 (en)

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US6408940B1 (en) 2002-06-25
JP2000213887A (en) 2000-08-02
EP1016848A1 (en) 2000-07-05
ES2194416T3 (en) 2003-11-16
FR2788116B1 (en) 2001-05-18
DE69905848T2 (en) 2004-01-15
FR2788116A1 (en) 2000-07-07
JP4809512B2 (en) 2011-11-09
DE69905848D1 (en) 2003-04-17

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