EP1014395A2 - Method and apparatus for reducing the noise of electromagnetically operated devices - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for reducing the noise of electromagnetically operated devices Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1014395A2
EP1014395A2 EP99123805A EP99123805A EP1014395A2 EP 1014395 A2 EP1014395 A2 EP 1014395A2 EP 99123805 A EP99123805 A EP 99123805A EP 99123805 A EP99123805 A EP 99123805A EP 1014395 A2 EP1014395 A2 EP 1014395A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
current
switching
transition function
time
electromagnet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99123805A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1014395B1 (en
EP1014395A3 (en
Inventor
Stefan Beck
Martin Ebel
Josef Dr. Pöppel
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Conti Temic Microelectronic GmbH
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DaimlerChrysler AG
Conti Temic Microelectronic GmbH
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Publication of EP1014395A3 publication Critical patent/EP1014395A3/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2201/00—Electronic control systems; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F2007/1894—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings minimizing impact energy on closure of magnetic circuit

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for reducing the Noise development when actuating electromagnetic actuated devices, wherein a switching operation of the Device in the area of a transition function with limited The current-time curve of the electromagnet increases.
  • a method of the type mentioned is from DE-C2-3425574 known. It will cover the entire area between the minimum current (zero amps) and the maximum current of the Pass through the solenoid with a gradual increase.
  • the point at which the plunger core of the electromagnet is connected its movement begins always in the range of the above Rise. If the period within which the Electromagnet should switch, is relatively short, this leads to make the current rise on a relatively steep slope must, which can lead to the switching of the Electromagnet occurs at a higher current than would be absolutely necessary. This would become undesirably stronger Cause noise and can increase wear.
  • the invention has for its object an accurate Switching the electromagnet at the lowest possible Rate of change (slope) of the current enable.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in that the transition function only a part of the Current variation for initiating a switching operation, and that a time before and after the transition function Compared to the transition function steeper increase in current from a minimum value to the transition function or from the Transition function up to a maximum value of the current is made.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that the Current from its lowest value, usually zero amps, up to the value at which the slope of the current curve which is different from a very big slope starts to go through very quickly. Besides, can the area between the stream at the end of the gradual Incline up to the maximum possible value of the current also run through very quickly (current jump).
  • benefits lie in the fact that to generate the current in the Coil of the electromagnet used Semiconductor switch elements only in a relatively short time Work area where they have controlled resistance form; Noticeable heat is generated in this area according to the product UxI. This is the area where the current gradually increases (or decreases) over time. In the other areas, however, the current rises within very short time (limited by the available standing voltage and inductance), so that in this Areas of little heat are formed in the semiconductor switch element becomes.
  • the current just reached at the end of the operation described its maximum value, and this takes place in that the semiconductor switch element in one as low-resistance state as possible (saturation range, nonlinear), in which hardly Electricity heat losses arise. Therefore, it can Semiconductor switch element the electromagnet in this Condition without hesitation for a long time, possibly many Hours hold without the semiconductor switch element is thermally endangered.
  • the described type of control of the electromagnet in each case ensures that the Electromagnet switches as long as there is enough voltage Available.
  • the time at which the electromagnet switches is detected by measurement, and that a regulation is provided is that ensures that the switching process in the area of gradual slope.
  • Another advantage is that the time at which the switching process occurs can be restricted relatively narrowly.
  • the Electromagnet switches to determine at which point of the current-time curve the Electromagnet switches, the entire current range in shape is traversed once on a gradually rising curve. Then a time and with respect to the current can then restricted area around the point of switching the Electromagnets are picked out around and the current can be from zero to the beginning of this range abruptly rise and continue from the end of this area jump to its maximum value.
  • the one in between lying area of the curve can with a transition function the current-time curve can be given a smaller slope than in the entire traversing of the Current range in the form of an increasing curve.
  • This Embodiment of the invention is particularly suitable for Devices that contain a circuit according to the invention manufacturing or after longer periods of time be checked automatically to find the optimal one Set the switching time of the electromagnet (again) or readjust (adaptation).
  • the one with such Running through the entire current range determined values can be stored in permanent memory in the device that contains the electromagnet, is housed, stored become and stand even after long periods in which the electromagnet was not in use.
  • a device according to the invention, the inventive Executes the procedure, has one regarding their Parameter controllable control device for influencing the Current course on, as well as advantageously a memory in which Parameters for the control device can be stored.
  • Point in time at which the electromagnet switches can be. According to an embodiment of the invention this is done by examining the current or the Voltage applied to the coil of the electromagnet. In the moment the anchor or general that moving part of the electromagnet starts to move, changes namely the inductance of the magnet arrangement, and this turns into a sudden change in tension and Current change noticeable, the time recorded by measurement can be. In addition, according to one embodiment, the The amplitude of this current change or voltage change is detected become. The amount or energy content of this change is an indication of the size of the excess energy and thus the final speed of the anchor.
  • the Switching process recognized by a pressure sensor.
  • the Pressure sensor should be arranged so that it through the Movement of the movable valve part caused a change of the pressure in the fluid.
  • other sensors can be used: e.g. a microphone, which is mounted so that in this example it corresponds to that of Solenoid and / or valve when switching (especially when Attaching the armature or a valve plate at Reaching its final state) or an accelerometer that shocks records.
  • the microphone can also be mounted so that it detects the sound in the fluid. With a suitable selection, therefore the pressure sensor also take over the function of the microphone.
  • Fig. 1 the switching on takes place between times t0 and t3, and switching off between times t4 and t7, on the other hand, in normal operation restricted areas t1 to t2 (switching on) or t5 to t6 (switch off).
  • the current is zero.
  • the current rises very quickly to a value IE1, in which a switching operation of the electromagnet with certainty not yet taking place.
  • IE1 a linear ramp function or a gradual one Rise in current until time t2 when the current has the value IE2.
  • the Electromagnet Within this ramp between the At times t1 and t2 the Electromagnet.
  • that will Semiconductor switch element that acts as an actuator for the current serves to a largely low-resistance value switched, which leads to the maximum current Iein in FIG. 1.
  • the current IA5 when switching off, the current IA5 is at the beginning the falling ramp at time t5 is lower than at t2; in other embodiments, the current IA5 could be the same how or even be greater than the current IE2. From the time t6 to t7 is zero current.
  • Fig. 2 shows an arrangement 1 with a solenoid valve 3, the contains an electromagnet with a magnet coil 4.
  • the Solenoid valve 3 is located in a pipe 7, in which a Fluid (in the example a gas) is from a Fluid source 8, which in the example with an electrical Compressor is equipped for air and air can provide different pressure through which Pipeline 7 conveyed to a container 9 under pressure becomes when the solenoid valve 3 is open (permeable) and the container 9 is to be filled. Will the pressure of the Fluid source 8 brought to a smaller value than in Container 9, so when the solenoid valve 3 is open, the container 9 emptied or the pressure in it reduced.
  • To the Pipeline 7 is connected to a pressure sensor 11 on the one hand to ensure the operation of the arrangement and for any monitoring task, on the other hand also serves to switch the switching time of the solenoid valve detect.
  • the current through the solenoid 4 of the solenoid valve 3 is regulated by a current control device that in connection with a controllable semiconductor switching element, namely in Example a transistor 17, which provides a current source.
  • the control electrode (base) of transistor 17 is connected to the Output of an operational amplifier 19 connected.
  • the Transistor 17 enables blocking, a low impedance Gating, or a continuous Change in resistance. His collector is in series production switched solenoid 4 with a positive Supply voltage UB connected.
  • the pressure sensor 11 delivers a when recognized Change in pressure necessary for the start of a change in state of the Solenoid valve 3, more precisely for the start of the movement of the Anchor of the electromagnet is characteristic of a signal to a block 23 "adaptation", which is a control device contains that with an electronic memory 25th cooperates.
  • Block 23 delivers a signal to one State transition controller 27 through which the current in the Solenoid 4 is regulated. It is also that Drawn possibility that the voltage UL at the Solenoid 4 is tapped and a block 29th "Stop detection" is supplied, which with block 23rd connected is. In addition to the time, a The change in voltage also detects its amplitude and results from it the end speed of the anchor closed.
  • the state transition controller 27 contains a processor, which corresponds to the desired time course of the Current-time curve a pulse width modulated signal PWM signal) generated by integrating an analog Signal results, which is fed to the operational amplifier 19 becomes.
  • the processor is assigned several circuits according to FIG. 2 together. Overall, the control is carried out so that the switching time as precisely as possible in the middle of the gradually increasing or falling part of the current-time curve is that this mentioned parts taking into account the necessary Switching accuracy and the possibility of malfunction in time are as short as possible, and that when faults occur during operation a regulation is made to just to achieve the conditions mentioned again as quickly as possible or to prevent a disturbing deviation.
  • the rise (and fall) of the electricity need not be in the form of a linear ramp, but there is one here largely any curve shape (transition function) possible. This does not necessarily have to increase monotonously or sloping. It can have bends or kinks exhibit. According to the invention, this transition function or also the ramp practically at the moment when the The armature of the electromagnet sets in motion (especially when increasing current), which is detected by control one receive a briefly descending course so that the anchor is accelerated as little as possible.
  • transition function curve shape

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Abstract

The noise prevention method has the gradient of the current characteristic of the operating current supplied to the electromagnet (3) controlled so that the current rises rapidly from a minimum value before the transition function and rises rapidly to a maximum value after the transition function, with a lower current gradient over the transition function. An Independent claim for an operating noise prevention device is also included.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Vermindern der Geräuschentwicklung bei der Betätigung von elektromagnetisch betätigten Vorrichtungen, wobei ein Schaltvorgang der Vorrichtung im Bereich einer Übergangsfunktion mit begrenzter Steigung der Strom-Zeit-Kurve des Elektromagnets erfolgt.The invention relates to a method for reducing the Noise development when actuating electromagnetic actuated devices, wherein a switching operation of the Device in the area of a transition function with limited The current-time curve of the electromagnet increases.

Elektromagnetisch betätigte Vorrichtungen sind unter anderem elektromagnetische Ventile (Magnetventile) und Relais. Sie weisen einen Elektromagnet mit einer Magnetspule auf. Ein Anker (= vom Elektromagnet angetriebenes bewegliches Teil) ändert seine Lage (dies wird hier als der Schaltvorgang des Elektromagnets bezeichnet), wenn ein Strom in der Magnetspule z.B. bei seinem Anstieg einen bestimmten Wert erreicht.Electromagnetically operated devices are among others electromagnetic valves (solenoid valves) and relays. she have an electromagnet with a magnetic coil. An anchor (= moving part driven by the electromagnet) changes its location (this is called the switching process of the Electromagnet) if there is a current in the solenoid e.g. reaches a certain value when it rises.

Ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art ist aus der DE-C2-3425574 bekannt. Es wird der gesamte Bereich zwischen dem minimalen Strom (Null Ampere) und dem maximalen Strom der Magnetspule mit einem allmählichen Anstieg durchlaufen. Dabei liegt der Punkt, an dem der Tauchkern des Elektromagnets mit seiner Bewegung beginnt, immer im Bereich des genannten Anstiegs. Wenn der Zeitraum, innerhalb von dem der Elektromagnet schalten soll, relativ kurz ist, so führt dies dazu, daß der Strom in einer relativ steilen Steigung ansteigen muß, was dazu führen kann, daß das Schalten des Elektromagnets bei einem höheren Strom erfolgt, als unbedingt nötig wäre. Dies würde zu unerwünscht starker Geräuschentwicklung führen und kann den Verschleiß erhöhen.A method of the type mentioned is from DE-C2-3425574 known. It will cover the entire area between the minimum current (zero amps) and the maximum current of the Pass through the solenoid with a gradual increase. Here is the point at which the plunger core of the electromagnet is connected its movement begins, always in the range of the above Rise. If the period within which the Electromagnet should switch, is relatively short, this leads to make the current rise on a relatively steep slope must, which can lead to the switching of the Electromagnet occurs at a higher current than would be absolutely necessary. This would become undesirably stronger Cause noise and can increase wear.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein genaues Schalten des Elektromagnets bei möglichst geringer Änderungsgeschwindigkeit (Steigung) des Stroms zu ermöglichen.The invention has for its object an accurate Switching the electromagnet at the lowest possible Rate of change (slope) of the current enable.

Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß die Übergangsfunktion nur einen Teilbereich der Stromvariation zum Veranlassen eines Schaltvorgangs umfaßt, und daß zeitlich vor und nach der Übergangsfunktion ein im Vergleich zur Übergangsfunktion steilerer Anstieg des Stroms von einem Minimalwert bis zur Übergangsfunktion bzw. von der Übergangsfunktion bis zu einem Maximalwert des Stroms vorgenommen wird.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the transition function only a part of the Current variation for initiating a switching operation, and that a time before and after the transition function Compared to the transition function steeper increase in current from a minimum value to the transition function or from the Transition function up to a maximum value of the current is made.

Ein Vorteil der Erfindung liegt darin, daß der Elektromagnet mit einer geringstmöglichen Energie geschaltet werden kann; dadurch ist der Energieüberschuß, der auf den Anker (= das bewegliche Teil der Magnetanordnung) des Elektromagnets übertragen wird, gering, und dies führt zu geringen Geräuschen und kann den Verschleiß (z. B. von Relaiskontakten) verringern.An advantage of the invention is that the electromagnet can be switched with the lowest possible energy; this is the excess energy that is on the anchor (= the movable part of the magnet arrangement) of the electromagnet transmitted, low, and this leads to low Noise and can wear (e.g. from Relay contacts).

Ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung liegt darin, daß der Strom von seinem geringsten Wert, normalerweise Null Ampere, bis zu demjenigen Wert, an dem die Steigung der Stromkurve, die von einer sehr großen Steigung unterschiedlich ist, beginnt, sehr schnell durchlaufen werden kann. Außerdem kann der Bereich zwischen dem Strom am Ende der allmählichen Steigung bis zum maximal möglichen Wert des Stroms ebenfalls sehr schnell durchlaufen werden (Stromsprung). Vorteile liegen hierbei darin, daß zum Erzeugen des Stroms in der Spule des Elektromagnets verwendete Halbleiter-Schalterelemente nur relativ kurzzeitig in einem Bereich arbeiten, in dem sie einen gesteuerten Widerstand bilden; in diesem Bereich entsteht nämlich merkliche Wärme entsprechend dem Produkt UxI. Dies ist der Bereich, in dem der Strom mit der Zeit allmählich ansteigt (oder abfällt). In den anderen Bereichen dagegen steigt der Strom innerhalb sehr kurzer Zeit an (begrenzt durch die zur Verfügung stehende Spannung und die Induktivität), so daß in diesen Bereichen wenig Wärme im Halbleiter-Schalterelement gebildet wird.Another advantage of the invention is that the Current from its lowest value, usually zero amps, up to the value at which the slope of the current curve which is different from a very big slope starts to go through very quickly. Besides, can the area between the stream at the end of the gradual Incline up to the maximum possible value of the current also run through very quickly (current jump). benefits lie in the fact that to generate the current in the Coil of the electromagnet used Semiconductor switch elements only in a relatively short time Work area where they have controlled resistance form; Noticeable heat is generated in this area according to the product UxI. This is the area where the current gradually increases (or decreases) over time. In the other areas, however, the current rises within very short time (limited by the available standing voltage and inductance), so that in this Areas of little heat are formed in the semiconductor switch element becomes.

Schließlich erreicht der Strom am Ende des soeben geschilderten Vorgangs seinen maximalen Wert, und dies erfolgt dadurch, daß das Halbleiter-Schalterelement in einen möglichst niederohmigen Zustand (Sättigungsbereich, nichtlinear) gebracht wird, in welchem kaum Stromwärmeverluste entstehen. Daher kann das Halbleiter-Schalterelement den Elektromagnet in diesem Zustand ohne Bedenken längere Zeit, möglicherweise viele Stunden, halten, ohne daß das Halbleiter-Schalterelement thermisch gefährdet wird.Finally, the current just reached at the end of the operation described its maximum value, and this takes place in that the semiconductor switch element in one as low-resistance state as possible (saturation range, nonlinear), in which hardly Electricity heat losses arise. Therefore, it can Semiconductor switch element the electromagnet in this Condition without hesitation for a long time, possibly many Hours hold without the semiconductor switch element is thermally endangered.

Weiterhin wird durch die geschilderte Art der Ansteuerung des Elektromagnets in jedem Falle sichergestellt, daß der Elektromagnet schaltet, soweit genügend Spannung zur Verfügung steht.Furthermore, the described type of control of the electromagnet in each case ensures that the Electromagnet switches as long as there is enough voltage Available.

Bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß der Zeitpunkt, an dem der Elektromagnet schaltet, meßtechnisch erfaßt wird, und daß eine Regelung vorgesehen ist, die dafür sorgt, daß der Schaltvorgang im Bereich der allmählichen Steigung liegt. Ein Vorteil liegt darin, daß Änderungen der Eigenschaften des Elektromagnets oder der Umgebungsbedingungen, beispielsweise der Temperatur, die zu einem unterschiedlichen Ansprechen des Elektromagnets führen könnten (z.B. wegen der Temperaturabhängigkeit der mechanischen Reibung), wodurch der Schaltvorgang außerhalb des Bereichs der allmählichen Steigung zu liegen kommen könnte, sich nicht auf den Zeitpunkt oder Zeitbereich des Schaltvorgangs auswirken. Weiter ist hierbei von Vorteil, daß der Zeitpunkt, in dem der Schaltvorgang eintritt, relativ eng eingeschränkt werden kann.In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the time at which the electromagnet switches is detected by measurement, and that a regulation is provided is that ensures that the switching process in the area of gradual slope. One advantage is that Changes in the properties of the electromagnet or Environmental conditions, such as temperature, too lead to a different response of the electromagnet could (e.g. because of the temperature dependence of the mechanical friction), making the switching process outside of the gradual slope range could not focus on the timing or time range of the Impact switching operation. Another advantage is that the time at which the switching process occurs can be restricted relatively narrowly.

Bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß zum Feststellen, an welchem Punkt der Strom-Zeit-Kurve der Elektromagnet schaltet, der gesamte Strombereich in Form einer allmählich steigenden Kurve einmalig durchlaufen wird. Anschließend kann dann ein zeitlich und bezüglich des Stroms eingeschränkter Bereich um den Punkt des Schaltens des Elektromagnets herum herausgegriffen werden und der Strom kann vom Wert Null aus zum Beginn dieses Bereichs sprungartig ansteigen und vom Ende dieses Bereichs weiterhin sprungartig zu seinem Maximalwert ansteigen. Der dazwischen liegende Bereich der Kurve kann mit einer Übergangsfunktion der Strom-Zeit-Kurve mit geringerer Steigung versehen werden als bei dem soeben geschilderten gesamten Durchlaufen des Strombereichs in Form einer ansteigenden Kurve. Diese Ausführungsform der Erfindung eignet sich besonders dafür, Geräte, die eine erfindungsgemäße Schaltung enthalten, nach der Fertigung oder auch nach jeweils längeren Zeiträumen sich automatisch überprüfen zu lassen, um den optimalen Schaltzeitpunkt des Elektromagnets (wieder) einzustellen bzw. nachzuregeln (Adaption). Die bei einem derartigen Durchlaufen des gesamten Strombereichs ermittelten Werte können in einem dauerhaften Speicher, der in dem Gerät, das den Elektromagnet enthält, untergebracht ist, gespeichert werden und stehen dann auch nach längeren Zeiten, in denen der Elektromagnet nicht in Betrieb war, zur Verfügung.In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that to determine at which point of the current-time curve the Electromagnet switches, the entire current range in shape is traversed once on a gradually rising curve. Then a time and with respect to the current can then restricted area around the point of switching the Electromagnets are picked out around and the current can be from zero to the beginning of this range abruptly rise and continue from the end of this area jump to its maximum value. The one in between lying area of the curve can with a transition function the current-time curve can be given a smaller slope than in the entire traversing of the Current range in the form of an increasing curve. This Embodiment of the invention is particularly suitable for Devices that contain a circuit according to the invention manufacturing or after longer periods of time be checked automatically to find the optimal one Set the switching time of the electromagnet (again) or readjust (adaptation). The one with such Running through the entire current range determined values can be stored in permanent memory in the device that contains the electromagnet, is housed, stored become and stand even after long periods in which the electromagnet was not in use.

Eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung, die das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ausführt, weist hierzu eine hinsichtlich ihrer Parameter steuerbare Steuervorrichtung zum Beeinflussen des Stromverlaufs auf, sowie vorteilhaft einen Speicher, in dem Parameter für die Steuervorrichtung speicherbar sind.A device according to the invention, the inventive Executes the procedure, has one regarding their Parameter controllable control device for influencing the Current course on, as well as advantageously a memory in which Parameters for the control device can be stored.

Erfindungsgemäß bestehen zahlreiche Möglichkeiten, wie der Zeitpunkt, an dem der Elektromagnet schaltet, festgestellt werden kann. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung erfolgt dies durch Untersuchung des Stroms oder der Spannung, die an der Spule des Elektromagnets anliegt. In dem Augenblick, in dem sich der Anker oder allgemeinen das bewegliche Teil des Elektromagnets in Bewegung setzt, ändert sich nämlich die Induktivität der Magnetanordnung, und dies macht sich in einer plötzlichen Spannungsänderung und Stromänderung bemerkbar, deren Zeitpunkt meßtechnisch erfaßt werden kann. Zusätzlich kann gemäß einer Ausführungsform die Amplitude dieser Stromänderung oder Spannungsänderung erfaßt werden. Die Höhe bzw. der Energieinhalt dieser Änderung ist ein Hinweis auf die Größe der überschüssigen Energie und somit auf die Endgeschwindigkeit des Anker.According to the invention, there are numerous options such as Point in time at which the electromagnet switches can be. According to an embodiment of the invention this is done by examining the current or the Voltage applied to the coil of the electromagnet. In the moment the anchor or general that moving part of the electromagnet starts to move, changes namely the inductance of the magnet arrangement, and this turns into a sudden change in tension and Current change noticeable, the time recorded by measurement can be. In addition, according to one embodiment, the The amplitude of this current change or voltage change is detected become. The amount or energy content of this change is an indication of the size of the excess energy and thus the final speed of the anchor.

Bei einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird der Schaltvorgang durch einen Drucksensor erkannt. Wenn der Elektromagnet Teil eines Ventils für ein Fluid ist, kann der Drucksensor so angeordnet sein, daß er eine durch die Bewegung des beweglichen Ventilteils verursachte Änderung des Drucks in dem Fluid erkennt. Zusätzlich oder stattdessen können andere Sensoren benutzt werden: z.B. ein Mikrophon, das so montiert ist, daß es in diesem Beispiel den vom Magnet und / oder Ventil beim Schalten (insbesondere beim Anschlagen des Ankers oder eines Ventiltellers beim Erreichen seines Endzustands) erzeugten Schall aufnimmt, oder ein Beschleunigungssensor, der Erschütterungen aufnimmt. Das Mikrophon kann auch so montiert sein, daß es den Schall im Fluid erfaßt. Bei geeigneter Auswahl mag daher der Drucksensor auch die Aufgabe des Mikrophons übernehmen.In another embodiment of the invention, the Switching process recognized by a pressure sensor. If the Electromagnet is part of a valve for a fluid, the Pressure sensor should be arranged so that it through the Movement of the movable valve part caused a change of the pressure in the fluid. In addition or instead other sensors can be used: e.g. a microphone, which is mounted so that in this example it corresponds to that of Solenoid and / or valve when switching (especially when Attaching the armature or a valve plate at Reaching its final state) or an accelerometer that shocks records. The microphone can also be mounted so that it detects the sound in the fluid. With a suitable selection, therefore the pressure sensor also take over the function of the microphone.

Weitere Möglichkeiten und Einrichtungen für das Feststellen des Schaltzeitpunkts des Ankers bestehen in einer Lichtschranke, Feststellung der Durchflußänderung des Fluids, Feststellung der Änderung eines Lastkreises, z.B. bei einem Relais.Other ways and facilities for detection of the switching time of the armature consist in one Light barrier, detection of the change in flow of the Fluids, detection of the change in a load circuit, e.g. with a relay.

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungebeispielen der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung, die erfindungswesentliche Einzelheiten zeigt, und aus den Ansprüchen. Die einzelnen Merkmale können je einzeln für sich oder zu mehreren in beliebiger Kombination bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung verwirklicht sein. Es zeigen

  • Fig. 1 schematisch einen beispielhaften Stromverlauf, in dem zunächst ein Elektromagnet durch einen ansteigenden Strom geschaltet wird und anschließend durch Absenken des seine Magnetspule durchfließenden Stroms der Schaltvorgang rückgängig gemacht wird, und
  • Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung der Schaltung einer Vorrichtung, die das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ausführt.
    • Further features and advantages of the invention result from the following description of exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to the drawing, which shows details essential to the invention, and from the claims. The individual features can be implemented individually or in any combination in any combination in one embodiment of the invention. Show it
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically an exemplary current profile in which an electromagnet is first switched by an increasing current and then the switching process is reversed by lowering the current flowing through its magnet coil, and
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the circuit of a device that carries out the inventive method.

    • In Fig. 1 erfolgt das Einschalten zwischen Zeitpunkten t0 und t3, und das Ausschalten zwischen Zeitpunkten t4 und t7, und zwar beim normalen Betrieb in demgegenüber eingeschränkten Bereichen t1 bis t2 (Einschalten) bzw. t5 bis t6 (Ausschalten).In Fig. 1, the switching on takes place between times t0 and t3, and switching off between times t4 and t7, on the other hand, in normal operation restricted areas t1 to t2 (switching on) or t5 to t6 (switch off).

    Zwischen diesen beiden Schaltvorgängen liegt ein Zeitbereich (t2 bis t5), bei dem der Strom seinen Maximalwert hat.There is a time period between these two switching operations (t2 to t5) at which the current has its maximum value.

    Vom Zeitpunkt t0 bis zum Zeitpunkt t1 ist der Strom Null. Bei t1 steigt der Strom sehr rasch auf einen Wert IE1 an, bei dem ein Schaltvorgang des Elektromagnets mit Sicherheit noch nicht stattfindet. Anschließend folgt eine in diesem Beispiel etwa lineare Rampenfunktion oder ein allmählicher Anstieg des Stroms bis zum Zeitpunkt t2, an dem der Strom den Wert IE2 hat. Innerhalb dieser Rampe zwischen den Zeitpunkten t1 und t2 erfolgt das Einschalten des Elektromagnets. Anschließend wird das Halbleiter-Schalterelement, das als Stellglied für den Strom dient, auf einen weitestgehend niederohmigen Wert geschaltet, was zu dem Maximalstrom Iein in Fig. 1 führt. Beim Ausschalten liegt im Beispiel der Strom IA5 beim Beginn der fallenden Rampe im Zeitpunkt t5 niedriger als bei t2; bei anderen Ausführungsformen könnte der Strom IA5 gleich wie oder sogar größer als der Strom IE2 sein. Vom Zeitpunkt t6 bis t7 ist der Strom Null.From time t0 to time t1, the current is zero. At t1 the current rises very quickly to a value IE1, in which a switching operation of the electromagnet with certainty not yet taking place. Then one follows in this For example, a linear ramp function or a gradual one Rise in current until time t2 when the current has the value IE2. Within this ramp between the At times t1 and t2 the Electromagnet. Then that will Semiconductor switch element that acts as an actuator for the current serves to a largely low-resistance value switched, which leads to the maximum current Iein in FIG. 1. In the example, when switching off, the current IA5 is at the beginning the falling ramp at time t5 is lower than at t2; in other embodiments, the current IA5 could be the same how or even be greater than the current IE2. From the time t6 to t7 is zero current.

    Fig. 2 zeigt eine Anordnung 1 mit einem Magnetventil 3, das einen Elektromagnet mit einer Magnetspule 4 enthält. Das Magnetventil 3 liegt in einer Rohrleitung 7, in der sich ein Fluid (im Beispiel ein Gas) befindet, das von einer Fluidquelle 8, die im Beispiel mit einem elektrischen Kompressor für Luft ausgestattet ist und Luft mit unterschiedlichem Druck bereitstellen kann, durch die Rohrleitung 7 unter Druck zu einem Behälter 9 gefördert wird, wenn das Magnetventil 3 offen (durchlässig) ist und der Behälter 9 befüllt werden soll. Wird der Druck der Fluidquelle 8 auf einen kleineren Wert gebracht als im Behälter 9, so wird bei offenem Magnetventil 3 der Behälter 9 entleert bzw. der Druck in ihm vermindert. An die Rohrleitung 7 ist ein Drucksensor 11 angeschlossen, der einerseits zur Sicherstellung des Betriebs der Anordnung und für beliebige Überwachungsaufgaben dient, andererseits auch dazu dient, den Schaltzeitpunkt des Magnetventils zu erkennen.Fig. 2 shows an arrangement 1 with a solenoid valve 3, the contains an electromagnet with a magnet coil 4. The Solenoid valve 3 is located in a pipe 7, in which a Fluid (in the example a gas) is from a Fluid source 8, which in the example with an electrical Compressor is equipped for air and air can provide different pressure through which Pipeline 7 conveyed to a container 9 under pressure becomes when the solenoid valve 3 is open (permeable) and the container 9 is to be filled. Will the pressure of the Fluid source 8 brought to a smaller value than in Container 9, so when the solenoid valve 3 is open, the container 9 emptied or the pressure in it reduced. To the Pipeline 7 is connected to a pressure sensor 11 on the one hand to ensure the operation of the arrangement and for any monitoring task, on the other hand also serves to switch the switching time of the solenoid valve detect.

    Der Strom durch die Magnetspule 4 des Magnetventils 3 wird durch eine Stromregelvorrichtung geregelt, die in Verbindung mit einem steuerbaren Halbleiter-Schaltelement, nämlich im Beispiel einem Transistor 17, eine Stromquelle bereitstellt. Die Steuerelektrode (Basis) des Transistors 17 ist mit dem Ausgang eines Operationsverstärkers 19 verbunden. Der Transistor 17 ermöglicht eine Sperrung, eine niederohmige Durchschaltung, oder eine kontinuierliche Widerstandsänderung. Sein Kollektor ist über die in Serie geschaltete Magnetspule 4 mit einer positiven Versorgungsspannung UB verbunden.The current through the solenoid 4 of the solenoid valve 3 is regulated by a current control device that in connection with a controllable semiconductor switching element, namely in Example a transistor 17, which provides a current source. The control electrode (base) of transistor 17 is connected to the Output of an operational amplifier 19 connected. The Transistor 17 enables blocking, a low impedance Gating, or a continuous Change in resistance. His collector is in series production switched solenoid 4 with a positive Supply voltage UB connected.

    Eine Temperaturerfassung 21 erfaßt die Versorgungsspannung UB und den durch den Transistor 17 (im niederohmigen Zustand = Sättigungszustand) fließenden Strom unter Berücksichtigung des Spannungsabfalls an einem Widerstand R mit bekanntem Wert, der in die Zuleitung zum Emitter des Transistors 17 geschaltet ist. Bei bekanntem Widerstand des Transistors 17 im Sättigungszustand (bzw. bei bekanntem Spannungsabfall am Transistor) wird der Widerstand der Magnetspule 4 ermittelt, und durch Vergleich mit einem zuvor bei einer bekannten Temperatur gemessenen (und gespeicherten) Spulenwiderstand wird auf die augenblickliche Temperatur der Magnetspule geschlossen. Die Temperaturerfassung 21 leitet dann, wenn die Spulentemperatur eine vorgegebene Grenztemperatur überschreitet, Schutzmaßnahmen oder Gegenmaßnahmen ein. Im Beispiel wird in einem solchen Fall die Ansteuerung des Operationsverstärkers 19 über eine Einrichtung Temperaturschutz 22 geändert, wodurch eine Änderung des Stromverlaufs in der Magnetspule 4 bewirkt wird. Wenn ein Mikrocontroller mit einem Analogeingang zur Verfügung steht, so kann ohne merklichen Mehraufwand die Spulentemperatur, wie geschildert, erfaßt werden.A temperature detection 21 detects the supply voltage UB and that through transistor 17 (in the low-resistance state = Saturation state) flowing current under consideration the voltage drop across a resistor R with known Value in the supply line to the emitter of transistor 17 is switched. With known resistance of transistor 17 in the saturation state (or with a known voltage drop on Transistor), the resistance of the magnetic coil 4 is determined, and by comparison with one previously known Temperature measured (and stored) coil resistance is based on the current temperature of the solenoid closed. The temperature detection 21 conducts when the coil temperature is a predetermined limit temperature exceeds protective measures or countermeasures. in the In such a case, the control of the Operational amplifier 19 via a device Temperature protection 22 changed, causing a change in Current course is effected in the magnet coil 4. When a Microcontroller with an analog input is available, the coil temperature, as described, can be grasped.

    Der Drucksensor 11 liefert beim Erkennen einer Druckänderung, die für den Beginn einer Zustandsänderung des Magnetventils 3, genauer für den Beginn der Bewegung des Ankers des Elektromagnets charakteristisch ist, ein Signal an einen Block 23 "Adaption", der eine Steuereinrichtung enthält, die mit einem elektronischen Speicher 25 zusammenwirkt. Der Block 23 liefert ein Signal an eine Zustandsübergangssteuerung 27, durch die der Strom in der Magnetspule 4 geregelt wird. Es ist außerdem noch die Möglichkeit eingezeichnet, daß die Spannung UL an der Magnetspule 4 abgegriffen wird und einem Block 29 "Anschlagserkennung" zugeführt wird, der mit dem Block 23 verbunden ist. Dabei wird neben dem Zeitpunkt einer Spannungsänderung auch deren Amplitude erfaßt und daraus auf die Endgeschwindigkeit des Ankers geschlossen.The pressure sensor 11 delivers a when recognized Change in pressure necessary for the start of a change in state of the Solenoid valve 3, more precisely for the start of the movement of the Anchor of the electromagnet is characteristic of a signal to a block 23 "adaptation", which is a control device contains that with an electronic memory 25th cooperates. Block 23 delivers a signal to one State transition controller 27 through which the current in the Solenoid 4 is regulated. It is also that Drawn possibility that the voltage UL at the Solenoid 4 is tapped and a block 29th "Stop detection" is supplied, which with block 23rd connected is. In addition to the time, a The change in voltage also detects its amplitude and results from it the end speed of the anchor closed.

    Die Zustandsübergangssteuerung 27 enthält einen Prozessor, der entsprechend dem gewünschten zeitlichen Verlauf der Strom-Zeit-Kurve ein Pulsweiten-moduliertes Signal PWM-Signal) erzeugt, das durch Integration ein analoges Signal ergibt, das dem Operationsverstärker 19 zugeführt wird. Bei anderen Ausführungsbeispielen ist der Prozessor mehreren Schaltungen gemäß Fig. 2 gemeinsam zugeordnet. Insgesamt erfolgt die Steuerung so, daß der Schaltzeitpunkt möglichst genau in der Mitte des allmählich ansteigenden bzw. abfallenden Teils der Strom-Zeit-Kurve liegt, daß diese genannten Teile unter Berücksichtigung der erforderlichen Schaltgenauigkeit und der Störungsmöglichkeiten zeitlich möglichst kurz sind, und daß bei auftretenden Störungen während des Betriebs eine Regelung erfolgt, um die soeben genannten Bedingungen möglichst schnell wieder zu erreichen bzw. eine störende Abweichung zu verhindern.The state transition controller 27 contains a processor, which corresponds to the desired time course of the Current-time curve a pulse width modulated signal PWM signal) generated by integrating an analog Signal results, which is fed to the operational amplifier 19 becomes. In other embodiments, the processor is assigned several circuits according to FIG. 2 together. Overall, the control is carried out so that the switching time as precisely as possible in the middle of the gradually increasing or falling part of the current-time curve is that this mentioned parts taking into account the necessary Switching accuracy and the possibility of malfunction in time are as short as possible, and that when faults occur during operation a regulation is made to just to achieve the conditions mentioned again as quickly as possible or to prevent a disturbing deviation.

    Es kann durchaus sinnvoll sein, zusätzlich zu der Erkennung des Schaltvorgangs mittels Drucksensor auch eine Erkennung des Beginns der Bewegung des beweglichen Teil des Elektromagnets durch die Erfassung der Spannung (oder des Stroms) vorzusehen, wie dargestellt.It can make sense in addition to detection detection of the switching process by means of a pressure sensor the beginning of the movement of the moving part of the Electromagnet by detecting the voltage (or the Stroms) to be provided, as shown.

    Der Anstieg (und Abfall) des Stroms muß nicht in Form einer etwa linearen Rampe erfolgen, sondern es ist hier eine weitgehend beliebige Kurvenform (Übergangsfunktion) möglich. Diese muß nicht notwendigerweise monoton ansteigend bzw. abfallend verlaufen. Sie kann Krümmungen oder Knicke aufweisen. Erfindungsgemäß kann diese Übergangsfunktion oder auch die Rampe praktisch in dem Augenblick, in dem sich der Anker des Elektromagnets in Bewegung setzt (besonders bei steigendem Strom), was erfaßt wird, durch Steuerung einen kurzzeitig abfallenden Verlauf erhalten, damit der Anker möglichst wenig beschleunigt wird.The rise (and fall) of the electricity need not be in the form of a linear ramp, but there is one here largely any curve shape (transition function) possible. This does not necessarily have to increase monotonously or sloping. It can have bends or kinks exhibit. According to the invention, this transition function or also the ramp practically at the moment when the The armature of the electromagnet sets in motion (especially when increasing current), which is detected by control one receive a briefly descending course so that the anchor is accelerated as little as possible.

    Oben wurde beschrieben, daß zum Feststellen, an welchem Punkt der Strom-Zeit-Kurve der Elektromagnet schaltet, der gesamte Strombereich in Form einer allmählich steigenden Kurve einmalig durchlaufen wird. Dies erfolgt in Fig. 1 vom Zeitpunkt t0 bis zum Zeitpunkt t3.It was described above that to determine which Point of the current-time curve the electromagnet switches that entire current range in the form of a gradually increasing Curve is run through once. This is done in Fig. 1 from Time t0 to time t3.

    Claims (8)

    Verfahren zum Vermindern der Geräuschentwicklung bei der Betätigung von elektromagnetisch betätigten Vorrichtungen, wobei ein Schaltvorgang der Vorrichtung im Bereich einer Übergangsfunktion mit begrenzter Steigung der Strom-Zeit-Kurve des Elektromagnets erfolgt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Übergangsfunktion nur einen Teilbereich der Stromvariation zum Veranlassen eines Schaltvorgangs umfaßt, und daß zeitlich vor und nach der Übergangsfunktion ein im Vergleich zur Übergangsfunktion steilerer Anstieg des Stroms von einem Minimalwert bis zur Übergangsfunktion bzw. von der Übergangsfunktion bis zu einem Maximalwert des Stroms vorgenommen wird.Process for reducing the noise in the Operation of electromagnetically operated Devices, wherein a switching operation of the device in Range of a transition function with limited slope the current-time curve of the electromagnet takes place, characterized in that the transition function only a portion of the current variation to cause of a switching operation, and that before and after the transition function compared to the Transition function steeper increase in current from one Minimum value up to the transition function or from the Transition function up to a maximum value of the current is made. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zeitpunkt des Beginns des Schaltens ermittelt wird, daß geprüft wird, ob der Schaltvorgang in einem mittleren Bereich der Übergangsfunktion erfolgt, und daß dann, wenn dies nicht der Fall ist, die Übergangsfunktion zeitlich und/oder hinsichtlich ihres Strombereichs so verändert wird, daß bei nachfolgenden Schaltvorgängen diese im mittleren Bereich der Übergangsfunktion liegen.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the time of the start of switching is determined, that it is checked whether the switching process in a medium Area of the transition function occurs, and that when this is not the case, the transition function temporally and / or changed in terms of their current range is that in subsequent switching operations this in middle range of the transition function. Vorrichtung zum Ausführen des Verfahrens nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch einen Sensor zum Ermitteln des Schaltzeitpunkts eines Elektromagnets (3), eine Einrichtung zum Feststellen, an welcher Stelle der Strom-Zeit-Kurve der Schaltzeitpunkt liegt, und eine Einrichtung zum Verändern der genannten Kurve für zeitlich später liegende Schaltvorgänge in der Weise, daß der Schaltzeitpunkt sich in einem mittleren Bereich der Kurve befindet. Device for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a Sensor for determining the switching time of a Electromagnet (3), a device for detection which point of the current-time curve the switching time lies, and a device for changing the above Curve for later switching operations in the Way that the switching time is in a medium Area of the curve. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, gekennzeichnet durch einen elektronischen Speicher (25) zum Speichern der Daten der genannten Kurve.Device according to claim 3, characterized by a electronic memory (25) for storing the data of the called curve. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein den Strom durch die Magnetspule (4) aufnehmendes Halbleiter-Schaltelement (Transistor 17) bei maximalem Strom durch die Magnetspule (4) sich in einem niederohmigen Betriebszustand (Sättigungsbereich des Halbleiters) befindet.Device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized characterized in that the current through the solenoid (4) receiving semiconductor switching element (transistor 17) at maximum current through the solenoid (4) a low-resistance operating state (saturation range of the semiconductor). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Vorrichtung (Temperaturerfassung 21, Temperaturschutz 22) zum Schutz der Magnetspule (4) vor thermischer Überlastung vorgesehen ist.Device according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized characterized in that a device (temperature detection 21, temperature protection 22) to protect the magnetic coil (4) before thermal overload is provided. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, und Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zum Erkennen des Schaltens mindestens eines der folgenden Mittel vorgesehen ist: elektrische Erfassung, Schall, Erschütterung, optische Erkennung.Method according to claim 1 or 2, and device according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that to detect switching at least one of the following Means is provided: electrical detection, sound, vibration, optical Recognition. Verfahren und Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektromagnetisch betätigte Vorrichtung ein Magnetventil ist.Method and device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the Electromagnetically operated device, a solenoid valve is.
    EP99123805A 1998-12-24 1999-12-01 Method and apparatus for reducing the noise of electromagnetically operated devices Expired - Lifetime EP1014395B1 (en)

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    DE59913326D1 (en) 2006-05-24
    EP1014395B1 (en) 2006-04-12
    DE19860272A1 (en) 2000-07-06
    DE19860272B4 (en) 2005-03-10
    US6560088B1 (en) 2003-05-06
    EP1014395A3 (en) 2001-11-14

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