EP1012512A1 - Solarthermisch betriebene kühlanlage - Google Patents
Solarthermisch betriebene kühlanlageInfo
- Publication number
- EP1012512A1 EP1012512A1 EP98946314A EP98946314A EP1012512A1 EP 1012512 A1 EP1012512 A1 EP 1012512A1 EP 98946314 A EP98946314 A EP 98946314A EP 98946314 A EP98946314 A EP 98946314A EP 1012512 A1 EP1012512 A1 EP 1012512A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- component
- solar
- cooling system
- solar thermal
- substances
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/047—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for absorption-type refrigeration systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
- F25B27/002—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy
- F25B27/007—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy in sorption type systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D5/00—Devices using endothermic chemical reactions, e.g. using frigorific mixtures
Definitions
- the invention relates to a solar thermal cooling system and a system for combined heating and cooling with solar energy and a method for operating these systems
- the principle of the compression refrigerator which is used for example in most household refrigerators, is based on the fact that a gaseous Refrigerant is liquefied under pressure. The heat that occurs is dissipated. During the subsequent expansion, the refrigerant evaporates and extracts the heat required for evaporation from the cooling chamber.
- the absorption refrigerator operates like the compression refrigerator at 2 pressure levels but at 3 temperature levels.
- the mechanical compressor is replaced by a thermal compressor.
- Working fluid is a mixture of two substances, consisting of the working or refrigerant and the sorbent or solvent The ability of the sorbent to dissolve the refrigerant determines the mode of operation of this process
- Such an absorption refrigerator has at least the following 4 main components
- the sorption technology with the water / zeolite pair of substances is also investigated.
- the high binding tendency of the zeolite for water is used.
- the absorption of water vapor in the zeolite is so violent that the water evaporates with the formation of ice.
- the regeneration of the zeolite, ie the water is expelled from the zeolite using solar energy at temperatures> 200 ° C see also DE-OS 3521448 and S Muller, S Zech, Sonnenenergie 6/96, 22-24
- a cooling system based on activated carbon / ammonia is described by J Bougard et al, Be Tech Froid 1992 (1, Froid a Sorption solid), 302-7.
- the heating and cooling system described in DE-OS 4340812 works with zeolite as a storage medium and Ethan as a tool
- the zeolite / water system has found particular interest in the field of solar cooling. However, temperatures> 200 ° C are required to regenerate the zeolite, i.e. to drive off the water, which are difficult to achieve with the flat collectors currently in use of water, for example, special parabolic collectors are used. In addition, the handling of such a periodically operating zeolite / water chiller is quite complex (see Stefan Eichengrun et al, Ki Lucas- und Kältechn 1994, 30 (3) 1 12)
- the solar-powered absorption chillers which work with the material pair lithium bromide / water, are limited in their area of application by the salt content
- the invention also relates to a method for cooling by means of solar energy, which is characterized in that a liquid mixture consisting of at least 2 components which have a heat of mixing ⁇ H> 500 J / mol differ from the boiling point by more than 20 ° C. and from them at least one component one
- the liquid components 1 and 2 are mixed in the mixing device with the absorption of energy and finally the mixture obtained is fed back to the expeller
- the solar-powered cooling system according to the invention is therefore a very simple system.
- This system essentially consists of the components shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, i.e. a solar-powered expeller, a condenser and a mixing device.
- the difference to the solar-powered absorption chiller is that that the cooling takes place by mixing and not by evaporation at reduced pressure.
- the system generally also works at a single (low) pressure level
- the low-boiling component 1 is driven out in a temperature range, for example 40-180 ° C., or preferably 50-150 ° C., which is achieved without problems with the solar collectors according to the prior art.
- a disadvantage is the fact that in the solar-powered cooling system according to the invention, the very high heat of vaporization is opposed by a heat of mixture, which usually only makes up a fraction of the heat of vaporization, for example 20%.
- this cooling system according to the invention can be easily combined with a solar collector system for domestic water heating, the cooling being obtained as an additional benefit, for example for air conditioning
- An essential component of the solar-powered cooling system according to the invention is a suitable mixture, ie a suitable pair of substances, consisting at least of components 1 and 2.
- the mixture can also contain further components, which may be used to influence the separation process (Influencing an azeotrope) or the rheology of the mixture.
- the mixture can also contain stabilizing additives such as anti-aging agents
- a suitable pair of substances i.e. a suitable mixture, is characterized at least by the following features
- Essential for the functioning of the cooling system according to the invention is the use of a pair of substances with a heat of mixing that is as high as possible, that is, the use of a pair of substances that cools significantly during mixing
- a suitable pair of substances has a mixture warmth ⁇ H> 500 J / mol mixture or, preferably, ⁇ H> 1000 J / mol mixture.
- mixture warmths ⁇ H> 1,500 J / mol mol mixture preferred
- the heat of mixture of a suitable pair of substances should generally be ⁇ H> 10 kJ / kg of mixture.
- a mixture heat of ⁇ H> 20 kJ / kg of mixture is preferred
- the temperature change when mixing the substances can also be used directly as a criterion for the selection of a suitable pair of substances.
- the cooling during mixing should be at least 4 ° C, better at least 6 ° C or preferably at least 8 ° C such are preferred
- suitable material pairs can be obtained directly from standard reference works such as James J Christensen et al, Handbook of Heats of Mixing, John Wiley & Sons, New York or Christensen et al, Heats of Mixing Data Collection (Chemistry Data Series 3/1, 2), Frankfurt DECHEMA 1984, can be taken.
- suitable mixing partners can also be calculated using incremental methods B UNIFAC (see also A Fredenslund et al, AICHE Journal, 21, 1086 (1975) or JW Barlow et al, Macromolecules 1988, 21, 2492-2502 and Macromolecules 1989, 22, 374-80)
- inorganic and organic liquids are of interest.
- Mixture components are of interest, for example, water.
- Mixtures in which both components are organic liquids are of particular interest.
- At least one of the components has a boiling point> 50 ° preferably> 80 ° C.
- Particularly preferred are material pairs in which the higher-boiling component, hereinafter referred to as
- Component 2 addressed has a boiling point> 1 20 ° C or even more favorably a boiling point> 160 ° C.
- material pairs which have a mixture heat ⁇ H> 500 J / mol are, according to the invention, very particularly suitable are those material pairs which have a significantly higher mixture heat , eg show ⁇ H> 2000 J / mol
- the substance class of the alkanes can be used both as volatile component 1 (e.g. pentane) and the more volatile component 2 (e.g. long-chain hydrocarbons such as dodecane)
- volatile component 1 e.g. pentane
- volatile component 2 e.g. long-chain hydrocarbons such as dodecane
- Halogenated hydrocarbons eg fluoroalkanes, chlorinated hydrocarbons, - Compounds containing carbonyl groups such as
- N, N-dialkylamides eg N, N-dimethylacetamide / heptane ⁇ H 1236 J / mol - carboxylic acids, eg acetic acid / cyclohexane ⁇ H approx. 1000 J / mol
- Nitro compounds e.g. nitroethane / 2,2-dimethylbutane ⁇ H approx. 1610 J / mol
- Alcohols are also of interest as mixing partners for alkanes.However, certain restrictions have to be observed. Alcohols / alkanes show a pronounced dependence of the heat of the mixture on the temperature and tend to have gaps in the mixture, especially at low temperatures
- Acetic anhydride / cyclohexane This system is only slightly miscible at room temperature. However, at elevated temperature, e.g. 60 ° C, it is readily miscible and then shows a mixing temperature of ⁇ H approx. 3000 J / mol. Such a system is therefore only at an elevated temperature applicable
- MTBE methyl t-butyl ether
- the combinations alcohol / ketone, alcohol / ester and alcohol / nitrile are of particular interest.
- the mixture shows isopropanol /
- the mixing ratio of components 1 and 2 can be in the range 1 9 to 9 1 (parts by weight)
- ketone / alkane pair For example, if you start from the ketone / alkane pair and choose the ketone as volatile component 1, a number of mixtures known from the literature are directly suitable. Examples include (boiling points of the components in parentheses) acetone (56 ° C) / decane (174 ° C), ⁇ H 1978 J / mol,
- alkane as volatile component 1 and, accordingly, the ketone as the high-boiling component.
- the various butanes, pentanes or hexanes are suitable as alkanes, for example, and the corresponding high-boiling compounds, for example, as ketones Diethyl ketone or cycloalkanone Only if the system is to work under increased pressure is acetone as component 2 of interest, for example in combination with butane as component 1
- ester / alkane pair of substances can be seen quite analogously.
- the ester as volatile component 1
- the substance pairs based on low-boiling formates or acetates described in the literature can be used directly, for example the mixtures of methyl acetate (56 ° C.) / Dodecane (216 ° C), ⁇ H 2140 J / mol or ethyl acetate (77 ° C) / dodecane (216 ° C), ⁇ H 1 768 J / mol
- the boiling point of a component can be reduced for a given mixture by, for example, choosing a component with a lower molecular weight in a homologous series, for example the mixture hexane (68 ° C.) / diethyl carbonate (121 ° C.) instead the mixture dodecane (216 ° C) / diethyl carbonate (121 ° C) described in the literature
- the inverse procedure that is, starting from a known mixture to increase the molecular weight of a component, for example in order to raise the boiling point, is not always possible. Gaps in the mixture often occur here.
- at least component 1 of the mixture should have a molecular weight ⁇ 100 g / mol
- the high-boiling component 2 also has a relatively low molecular weight, for example ⁇ 400 g / mol
- the alcohol / ketone and alcohol / ester substance pairs which generally show complete miscibility and very high heat of mixing even when using relatively high molecular weight components.
- substances are to be mentioned
- esters can be combined with higher alcohols, e.g. ethyl acetate (77 ° C) / 3-methyl-1-butanol (13 1 ° C), ⁇ H approx. 2700 J / mol or lower esters such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and isopropanol as component 1 and higher esters as component 2, for example
- Isopropanol / dialkyl esters of dicarboxylic acids such as dialkyl succinates, dialkyl adipates. Esters of diols and high-boiling cyclic esters such as propylene carbonate are also of interest as component 1.
- Isopropyl alcohol and a diisopropyl ester of a dicarboxylic acid as component 2 are preferred.
- alkane / chlorohydrocarbon combinations in particular material pairs which contain chlorofluorocarbons, are less preferred.
- fluorocarbon / alkane combinations are particularly suitable
- components 1 and 2 can be mixed using an agitator. With a view to making the cooling system as simple as possible, however, a stirrer will generally be dispensed with. A simple merging of the components is often sufficient. Suitable mixing devices are, for example. described in Ullmann ' s Encyclopedia of
- Static mixers are particularly suitable for mixing components 1 and 2 (see in particular Manfred H. Pahl and E. Musselknautz, Chem.-Ing. -Tech., 51 (1979), 347-64 and Chem.-Ing. -Tech ., 1980, 52: 285-91).
- the solar collector can be used directly as an expeller (cooker).
- the use of the solar collector is preferred as
- a rectifier will be added to the expeller.
- the rectification devices e.g. reflux coolers
- the stripping and rectification techniques known from absorption chillers can be used
- the solar-powered cooling system according to the invention has an extremely wide range of uses.This is due, among other things, to the fact that the temperatures for separating the components ideally match the working areas of the usual solar collectors, but it should also be emphasized that the cooling effect used here is achieved by mixing two liquids can be used not only at room temperature but also at higher temperatures and at low temperatures In general, a working range from z + 70 ° C to -80 ° C can be covered with a single pair of substances
- the cooling system according to the invention can be used to operate a
- Freezer temperature - 18 ° C
- a cow cupboard temperature approx. 4 ° C
- dehumidification or air conditioning cooling of rooms.
- Refrigerators and freezers with suitable latent storage are known from DE-OS 2433499, EPA 0098052 or EPA 065 1214
- a particularly preferred embodiment of the solar-powered cooling system according to the invention is the combined operation of a solar-powered heating system, in particular a solar-powered hot water preparation and a refrigeration system
- the solar energy introduced in the expeller to evaporate component 1 is used in the condenser (heat of condensation) to produce hot water
- the hot water tank can preferably be called a so-called
- kite generation according to the invention is an additional benefit that is achieved without major additional effort
- water is also of interest as component 1 (heat of vaporization 2253 kJ / kg).
- Methanol, ethanol and isopropanol are also particularly suitable as component 1 in this heating / cooling combination
- component 1 When used purely as a refrigeration system or as an air conditioning system, however, components 1 with a significantly lower heat of vaporization will be used as component 1
- pentane shows a heat of evaporation of 383 kJ / kg.
- the lower esters such as methyl acetate (heat of evaporation 406 kJ / kg) are also suitable
- the particular benefit of the cooling system according to the invention lies particularly in the combination of solar hot water preparation / solar cooling.
- the very simple structure is to be emphasized.
- the entire system consists only of a number of pipes and heat exchangers that are particularly stressed
- the system does not have any moving parts.
- the system is usually driven by a pump, which pumps the mixture into the expeller, for example. This pump advantageously works photovoltaically. In general, there is no need for complex control
- a pump can be used entirely In this case, a hydrostatic drive is possible
- thermometer For the exact determination of the warmth of the mixture of footiness see e.g. Christensen et al (loc cit) For a quick, orientating examination it is completely sufficient to mix 20g of liquid in a glass flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and thermometer and to observe the temperature change it is only necessary to bring the components to the same initial temperature and to use a fast responding thermometer or thermocouple
- Example 1 Isopropanol and acetone are mixed in a ratio of 1 1 (data as
- Example 2 Methyl acetate and dodecane are mixed in a ratio of 1 liter
- Isopropanol and propylene carbonate are mixed in a ratio of 1 1
- Example 7 (not according to the invention) ethylene glycol diacetate and acetone are mixed in a ratio of 1 liter
- the pair of methyl acetate materials enables the construction of a solar-powered cooling system without complex temperature control
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1997135334 DE19735334C2 (de) | 1997-08-14 | 1997-08-14 | Solarthermisch betriebene Kühlanlage |
DE19735334 | 1997-08-14 | ||
PCT/EP1998/005081 WO1999009359A1 (de) | 1997-08-14 | 1998-08-11 | Solarthermisch betriebene kühlanlage |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1012512A1 true EP1012512A1 (de) | 2000-06-28 |
Family
ID=7839022
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98946314A Withdrawn EP1012512A1 (de) | 1997-08-14 | 1998-08-11 | Solarthermisch betriebene kühlanlage |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1012512A1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU9341198A (de) |
DE (1) | DE19735334C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1999009359A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19962644A1 (de) * | 1999-12-23 | 2001-06-28 | Hkf Heizungsbau Gmbh | Solarautarkes Versorgungssystem für Inselbetrieb |
DE10104900B4 (de) * | 2001-02-03 | 2005-10-20 | Mip Mittelstands Projekt Gmbh | Solarkollektor zur Raumklimatisierung sowie mit solchen Solarkollektoren ausgestattete Klimaanlage |
GB0229146D0 (en) | 2002-12-13 | 2003-01-15 | Unilever Plc | Polymers and laundry detergent compositions containing them |
GB0229147D0 (en) | 2002-12-13 | 2003-01-15 | Unilever Plc | Polymers and laundry detergent compositions containing them |
DE10347497B4 (de) * | 2003-10-13 | 2006-03-30 | MIWE-ÖKOKÄLTE GmbH | Vorrichtung zum Kühlen von Gegenständen und Räumen und Verfahren zu deren Betrieb |
DE102007016738A1 (de) * | 2007-04-07 | 2008-10-09 | pro Kühlsole GmbH | Neuer Wärmeträger für Solaranlagen |
DE102010019413A1 (de) | 2010-05-04 | 2011-11-10 | Solvis Gmbh & Co.Kg | Anordnung zur Versorgung eines Gebäudes mit Wärme |
DE102010017674B3 (de) | 2010-07-01 | 2011-11-24 | Universität Stuttgart | Solarkollektoranlage und Verfahren zu deren Steuerung |
CN117157377A (zh) * | 2021-04-26 | 2023-12-01 | 埃克森美孚技术与工程公司 | 具有协同热容量的热管理流体 |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19535840C2 (de) | 1995-09-15 | 1997-12-18 | Umsicht Inst Umwelt Sicherheit | Absorptionskältemaschine und Verfahren zu deren Betrieb |
DE2330216A1 (de) * | 1973-06-14 | 1975-01-02 | Hoehne Geb Kimmel Hanna Ursula | Verfahren zum pumpen von waerme |
DE2433499A1 (de) | 1974-07-12 | 1976-01-29 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Kuehlvorrichtung fuer ein kuehlgeraet, insbesondere fuer ein tiefkuehlgeraet oder einen kuehlschrank |
AU500756B2 (en) * | 1975-05-05 | 1979-05-31 | P. J. Hastwell | Endothermic cooling system |
US4010620A (en) * | 1975-10-08 | 1977-03-08 | The University Of Delaware | Cooling system |
US4146013A (en) * | 1975-10-24 | 1979-03-27 | Foulke Willing B | Solar-exothermic solution heat pump |
EP0098052A3 (de) | 1982-06-26 | 1984-03-28 | THORN EMI Domestic Appliances Limited | Gefriereinrichtungen |
DE3521448A1 (de) | 1985-06-14 | 1986-12-18 | Fritz Dipl.-Ing. Kaubek | Solarkuehler |
US4822391A (en) * | 1987-11-02 | 1989-04-18 | Uwe Rockenfeller | Method and apparatus for transferring energy and mass |
DE3920058A1 (de) * | 1988-12-28 | 1990-07-05 | Lessing Helmut | Solar betriebenes absorber - kuehlaggregat mit integriertem kollektor |
DE4033891A1 (de) * | 1990-10-25 | 1992-04-30 | Dornier Gmbh | Austreiber/absorber-einheit |
US5578137A (en) * | 1993-08-31 | 1996-11-26 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions including 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane |
DE9316729U1 (de) | 1993-11-02 | 1995-03-02 | Liebherr-Hausgeräte GmbH, 88416 Ochsenhausen | Kühl- oder Gefriergerät |
DE4340812A1 (de) | 1993-11-24 | 1995-06-01 | Auf Adlershofer Umweltschutzte | Verfahren zur Speicherung und Nutzung von Wärme aus der Umwelt |
DE19502543A1 (de) * | 1995-01-27 | 1996-08-01 | Sesol Ges Fuer Solare Systeme | Solarthermisch betriebene Absorptionskälteanlage |
DE19535841C2 (de) | 1995-09-15 | 1998-02-05 | Umsicht Inst Umwelt Sicherheit | Vorrichtung zur Klimatisierung |
FR2757255B1 (fr) * | 1996-12-13 | 1999-03-05 | Gaz De France | Dispositif a absorption de chaleur et/ou de froid multietagee |
DE19653699A1 (de) * | 1996-12-14 | 1998-06-18 | Klaus Dieter Dr Rer Na Sigrist | Verfahren zur Klimatisierung, Kühlung und Wärmespeicherung |
-
1997
- 1997-08-14 DE DE1997135334 patent/DE19735334C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-08-11 AU AU93411/98A patent/AU9341198A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-08-11 EP EP98946314A patent/EP1012512A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-08-11 WO PCT/EP1998/005081 patent/WO1999009359A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9909359A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1999009359A1 (de) | 1999-02-25 |
DE19735334C2 (de) | 2000-02-03 |
DE19735334A1 (de) | 1999-02-18 |
AU9341198A (en) | 1999-03-08 |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20020201 |