EP1010600B1 - Transfer system for loading and unloading of vehicles on or from railway wagons - Google Patents

Abstract

To load vehicles (2,3) on to railroad wagons (8), they are moved across the rail tracks (4) through a ramp (5) for loading and unloading. The vehicles (2,3) move on pallets (12) which are pushed on to the wagons (8) and remain in place during the journey together with their vehicles (2,3). While the pallets are being moved, they are guided by centering units between their end sides to slide accurately into the allocated space.

Description

The invention relates to a device for loading vehicles on and from railway wagons, with the vehicles crossing the railway tracks for loading from a ramp onto the wagon (s) and be pushed in the opposite direction for unloading by drive the vehicles on pallets, which then open for loading the wagons are moved and together with the vehicles remain there during the rail transport, comprising a pallet of the base of at least one vehicle with lower side Means for moving from a ramp to a railroad car and on the loading area of the wagon in the direction of travel before and behind the place reserved for a pallet centering means are arranged to exactly match the pallet during its displacement to the reserved place.

The Central European States, especially Germany, Austria and Switzerland, are transit countries due to their central location for a huge freight traffic, but also for travelers, for example at the annual holiday trip to the south. This immense traffic not infrequently leads to traffic jams, especially at border crossings, motorway junctions and in accidents, which then often long waiting times while perishable goods such as food, Flowers, etc. lose their freshness. It must therefore be a permanent one To strive to provide roads by providing other means of transportation from the much too high traffic load to relieve. In this In. Attempts have already been made to make part of the Road vehicles to transport by rail, for example for Relief of alpine pass roads. Here are the relevant Vehicles - passenger as well as truck - together with the loaded luggage and / or cargo on railway wagons charged. The vehicles loaded in Germany become unloaded again at the Italian border. It is so far common for the vehicles to move one after another from one in the area of one Bumpers arranged ramp on the coupled wagons and drive along these to their transport positions. One Such loading is very time consuming, as well as the final Discharged. For pure transport traffic is currently a system in use, taking about 17 trucks in about 20 minutes consecutively over the end ramp over the entire train must drive and therefore only in a starting station designed as a terminus station. and terminus can be loaded. A selective unloading individual, especially centrally placed vehicles is about not possible at home.

A loading system is, for example, from the German patent application 34th 44 411 known. According to the doctrine known from it the motor vehicles drive on platforms which have over-sided rollers on rails with a U-shaped cross section from a ramp onto a railroad car and vice versa can be moved. This arrangement has the disadvantage that the lateral guidance of the rollers in the rails is comparatively bad, since in a platform extremely high Torques must be applied, resulting in significant material stress represents, in particular for the bearings of the rolls, the be charged in the axial direction. That's why the pretender tried To prevent tilting by the fact that the roll guide rails be extended from the wagon to the ramp by U-rail extensions folded down from the wagon be placed on the ramp. This is what it is necessary, always the extensions on the relevant wagon to carry, which increased weight and increased air resistance brings with it. In addition, these extensions must be manual down and back up so extra staff is required.

From the generic FR-A 1,148,982 the following is known. at moving the motor vehicles to and from the wagons the vehicles are moving approximately perpendicular to their main direction, which of its own accord is not possible with normal vehicles. Therefore Here is a special construction used, namely the entire Footprint of the vehicles designed as a movable pallet, the ones themselves to the underground, d. H. the top of the Ramp or the loading area of the wagon, can be shifted. naturally These pallets must have immense stability because not only the weight of a vehicle, but also his To pick up and support cargo without losing its mobility to lose. This requires in particular a high torsional rigidity the pallets according to the invention, since bending same What kind of increased friction and thus to an inhibition of the sliding movement contribute.

The centering means can be designed such that they increase with increasing Distance of the pallet from its desired position one exert increasing restoring force on the pallet. As the centering agent arranged both in front of and behind the pallet transport position are, the antiparallel directed restoring forces cancel in center position of the pallet on each other, while in case of deviation increased from this position, a restoring force, the antiparallel to reduces and so the resulting force is not equal to zero.

If the restoring forces are sufficiently large, so is the resulting Total power is great and can move the pallet to the desired position to press. Since in this case the centering means on the end faces of the Press Palette, they can exert enormous forces, as the palette faces can be constructed much more powerful than the pallet supporting sliding or rolling means; the latter are thereby by Seitenkräften relieved and are therefore no unpredictable material stress exposed.

Thus it is possible to load the pallets with the loaded vehicles largely automatically from a ramp on the / the wagons and push in the reverse direction so that several, possibly all Wagons of a train can be simultaneously loaded and / or unloaded and the loading time is about to load a vehicle required time shortened. Furthermore, a loading station does not have to Head station be formed so that car transport trains after a short stay in the same direction and thus without uncoupling the Locomotive can continue. Furthermore, the selective discharge is also any vehicle at a station while possible the others can stay on the wagons to continue their journey.

On this basis, the invention has the further development of generic device to the effect made the task that the displacement of the vehicles with the underneath Pallet is easily possible even at high forces.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that the pallet lubricants, in particular skids or other, as underside agents, preferably flat surfaces used.

It has proved favorable that the pallets during Ver sliding phase on bottom lubricants, especially runners or glide other, preferably flat surfaces. These support elements turn are trained on even, preferably as slideways Areas moved. This results in a sliding movement, which works without any moving parts, so that damage are avoided. Also, it has been shown that when using from about 2 to 10, preferably about 5 skids per pallet whose width each about 5 to 25, preferably about 10 to 15 cm, the surface pressure in the area of the friction surfaces is minimal, so that no Wear is to be feared, even if it is between the friction surfaces no friction reducing lubricating or sliding film is located. Further In this case, it is easy to leave a gap between Wagon and ramp to bridge, if only the respective leading edge is slightly bevelled so as to prevent snagging is.

The invention can be further developed in that the lower side Means in recessed guideways and / or on other rails a wagon and / or a ramp guided are movable. Under Use of additional thrust bearings in the suspension of the displacement rollers under the pallets they are able to move from axial forces experienced by the side edges of the guideways To be able to transfer palette, thus in addition to the front guide elements in addition to improving tracking.

The guide elements according to the invention on the one hand offer a high degree of precision the multiple loading of vehicles on trains, they can do this function However, only if it is ensured that the pallets when charging on a freight car already roughly precentered between the guide elements and do not hit their sides. For this purpose, the invention provides before that the wagons are ranked before loading and / or unloading such that the wagon-side pallet transport position with the ramp-side Pallet unloading position is aligned. The word "rank" is not meant to be narrow Understood meaning of moving freight cars on different tracks but rather as a high-precision startup of a particular one Setpoint position. For this purpose, a disassembly of the individual wagons is not required if by other means an exact placement of the to and / or unloading wagons is ensured. This can, for example, with a conventional Locomotive take place, if by special couplings between the wagons it is ensured that the wagons can not move against each other. In addition, an electric locomotive should be used for this purpose be, which has particularly favorable slow-driving characteristics and means modern control structures, for example, a jerk-free start, but also a highly accurate positioning allows.

It has proved to be beneficial that the shunting under evaluation of Actual signals of one or more position encoder is done. Only such a feedback redeem the locomotive driver of the optical and therefore naturally very inaccurate Control of wagon positions. Instead one receives exact signals, which one allow easy control from the cab or even an automatic Make positioning possible.

As stated above, have for high-precision positioning electrical Drive motors proved to be particularly advantageous because they on the one hand in their speed and / or location electronically and thus without major Design effort and can be controlled with extreme precision. In addition, electric motors can be used in the realization of modern Drive algorithms perform their full rated torque even at a standstill, so that the stiction of the wagon wheels inherent stiction with ease can be overcome and, moreover, a gentle and jerk-free Starting is possible as well as a shutdown at any desired position.

Particular advantages result from the fact that on the wagons with one or drivingly coupled and / or coupled electric motors are provided. When using such self-propelled wagons, a lot, as it is almost inevitable in railway couplings, completely avoidable, Rather, each wagon can after complete braking of the train without Decoupling from the other waggons go exactly to the desired position, wherein relative movements between adjacent cars by the clutchless be tolerated. Has proved particularly useful here an arrangement, wherein the Electric motor for normal operation of the state pulled by a locomotive can be disconnected, so that superfluous, wear-causing and energy consuming relative movements between different parts of the drive system excluded are.

The invention further provides that the / the electric motor (s) on a moderate strongly translating gear coupled to the / the axles of the car and / or can be coupled (are). Such a translation allows one hand, the use of smaller dimensioned and thus space-saving designed engines, the are relatively inexpensive. In addition, for the high-precision maneuvering one faster movement of the waggons is not necessary at all, rather it comes It is only important for the transition from standstill to diminished rolling friction sufficient torque can be generated without that here a recognizable jerk the wagon on the desired Standstill position moves out. This can be done with a highly dynamic control be achieved by an immediate countermeasure.

The loading device according to the invention comprises a pallet from the base at least one vehicle, with lower side lubricants for Moving from a ramp to a railroad car, and stands out characterized in that on the back of the wagon in the direction of travel in front of and behind the Pallet transport position centering means are arranged to move the pallet during shifting them exactly to the location reserved for them.

Even a loaded with a motor vehicle range represents a high, to be traversed Mass, which should be stored as smoothly as possible, thus especially for breakaway from stiction, no oversized Drives are required. On the other hand, the surface of an inventive Pallet be provided with a friction-enhancing profiling, so on it located vehicles can safely shunt even in wet and / or cold. The Pallet must have an extraordinary stability to the enormous Weight forces safely support many tons of heavy, loaded trucks to be able to. For this purpose, stiffening beads or beads may be provided be, which preferably extend in the longitudinal direction of the railway tracks and thus also in the direction of an up or departing motor vehicle. To avoid The pallet should have unnecessary weight despite its extraordinary high stability be as light as possible, and it should be stainless as well, as it does day after day the weather is exposed.

The lubricants should be used to increase their service life as possible Side stresses are largely kept free. Serve this purpose the Centering agent according to the invention, which instead the Intercept side loads. Although such Zentrierungsmittel could also in However, could already be a minimally offset wagon position lead to jamming of the pallet, so that the invention dispenses with additional guide means in the area of the ramp and even preferably a coupling mechanism for a displacement drive provides slight offsets of the pallet over its ideal Loading position tolerated.

The centering agents according to the invention allow a pure convection movement of the Pallet, so that this underside runners or other, flat surfaces use can find.

When using runners whose end faces each slight bevels have, so that thereby the risk of getting caught when moving over the gap between wagon and ramp is avoided.

To achieve further advantages, it can be provided that the lubricant below running parallel to the railroad tracks, curved upwards Stiffening ribs are arranged. In this case, several effects can be advantageous combine with each other. On the one hand, the lubricants are below this Stiffening ribs from the effects of the weather as well as from direct action of the Car tires protected. Furthermore, the storage elements directly in the Side areas of the stiffening ribs or on these webs used be arranged so that there is a "hanging" on the rollers construction, the even at the highest weight effects not to any Bends, but rather the inherent in a suspended structure, high mechanical stability is able to develop. The risk of through or Bends are almost completely eliminated, and eventually form the ribs Stiffening elements in the otherwise relatively flat pallet base.

Since, as stated above, the range with upwardly rising stiffeners vershen, which preferably do not extend only in the direction of travel of the wagon, but also across to a maximum in the manner of a cassette construction To ensure rigidity of the pallet, there are hollows in which to rain Puddles could arise. That is why the pallet area is at regular intervals penetrated by water drainage openings, which u.a. also to the anchoring of Brake pads can be used for the loaded vehicles.

Furthermore, should on the pallets Arretierungsanschlüsse, eg. In the form of underside depressions, etc. may be provided to the same during the Rail transport on the relevant wagon immovable set.

The wagons are adapted to the pallets according to the invention. This begins in the use of medium weight wagons with a high rigidity and the lowest possible loading area, thus also heavy and high trucks can be transported.

Furthermore, sliding surfaces or rails are provided on the wagon top, the all are exactly in the same plane. Due to the high rigidity of the wagon is ensures that the sliding surfaces or rails, which are the bottom skids or support rollers, even under load does not change their relative position, so that the most even weight distribution possible on the different Support elements results.

A particularly important feature of the waggons according to the invention are the Centering elements in front of and behind a pallet position. These Centering elements are in each case the same number in front of and behind the pallet present, so that their centering forces at the ideal position mutually cancel. The centering elements may be in the pallet plane, i.e., scarce above the loading area of the relevant wagon, be arranged. They persist Preferably, in the longitudinal direction of the car resiliently evasive elements, each of the palette end faces facing one with a vertical Axis rotatable roller may be provided, which by a spring element transferred generated compressive force on the pallet. The springs have to be so hard be formed that already a deflection by a few millimeters of restoring forces on the order of tons. On the other hand, you must have the hereby exert forces on the wagon chassis and therefore accordingly be firmly connected to this.

In addition, should be at the top of the wagon of the invention Arrestierungselemente be present, which reached the pallet in the Determine transport position immovably. For this are, for example, vertical movable, massive metal pins with a diameter of, for example, 5 to 10 cm, which is incorporated in each corner of the pallet in question Engage anchoring openings. These pens are each made of a strong Lifting mechanism extended once the pallet is in place, For example, with geared heavily underdriven electric motors. Unless the Centering the pallet to about 2 to 5 millimeters accurate, can this remaining distance when extending the locking elements of these completely eliminated. It has proved to be advantageous if the Upper side of the extendable pins has an upwardly tapering contour, For example, in the form of a pyramid or a cone, so that the slope force used along these inclined surfaces for complete centering of the pallet can be. This is advantageously made use of that the Metal pins when extending, if necessary, with their inclined surfaces to the opening edges abut the pallet and thereby slightly raise the same, causing the Frictional force reduced.

Finally, on the wagons according to the invention lateral devices for Adjustment of their position against the ramp be provided. Preferred for this purpose the invention wedge, pyramidal or conical recesses, in which a corresponding counterpart with a complementary shape from the ramp is pushed in after the wagon by means of electric motors as possible has been ranked exactly. As a result of the inclined surfaces is here after the wedge principle the pressure directed across the tracks in a force components in Track direction implemented, which is able to exactly the wagon in the desired Position to lead. When using conical or pyramidal Pressure bodies can even have a vertically acting adjustment force on the Wagon be exercised. Therefore, if at the ramp and in the ramp opposite each area of the track with two such adjustment devices with extendable cone or pyramid bodies are provided, which each with one Recess correspond to the four corners of the car according to the invention, so can be adjusted in addition to the car in the vertical direction, he is so to speak clamped a standardized position, namely exactly aligned horizontally and such that its sliding surfaces are exactly aligned with the ramp slip plane. This will bridged the suspension of the wagon, and even under load of the wagon by the postponement of the loaded pallet does not change its position Millimeter. Thus, it does not cause any problems, the loaded pallet over the short Gap between ramp and wagon move away.

Other benefits include an arrangement where the guideways of the ramp are recessed towards the environment of the pallet loading area. As a result, the pallet can be retracted into a kind of trough the ramp top and then just complete with the rest of the ramp area, so that a Vehicle without overcoming an obstacle directly from the ramp to the pallet can drive.

A development of the invention comprises a device on the ramp to pulling and / or pushing a pallet. To the weight of wagons invention and thus the total weight of the locomotive To keep the train to be pulled as low as possible, is the drive mechanism for the movement of the pallet is completely arranged on the ramp while the pallet rolling passively on the railway wagons. Does she have her final position? achieved, the same by means of vertically through the pallet through to the loading area be fixed or locked in the wagon inserted bolts. If any Movement of the pallet through a ramp-side arranged movement device is generated, the reference to this point relative movement of the pallet Loading a sliding movement, while unloading a pulling. The Different types of movement must from the ramp-side drive on the Pallet be transferred, even if the same almost completely on the Wagon is located. On the other hand, the drive device for traversing the Freight train separated from the remaining on the relevant wagon range become. These requirements result in a special coupling device.

The displacement device itself must be connected to the different force and Be adapted directions of movement and has for this purpose a parallel to the displacement direction extending threaded spindle, on the one with a pallet coupled Bock screwed and slidable by turning the spindle. Thus, the different directions of movement in different Turning directions of the threaded spindle transformed, in turn different directions of rotation of a driving motor, eg. Electric motor, can be caused. The drive itself can therefore with a be realized commercial electric motor.

It has proved to be beneficial that the buck via a push / pull member with the Pallet is coupled. As stated above, the different ones require Movement directions a specially designed coupling element, the can transmit different directions of movement and forces. Furthermore This coupling member must be solvable because the pallet in the charged state on the Wagon remains, the drive device, however, at the station.

One implementation possibility for the push / pull member comprises a central web, the two mutually parallel coupling pins together. Such, about U-or H-shaped construction ensures that in the direction of the U or H plane transmitted perpendicular to the coupling pins extending forces always without deformation regardless of whether they are tensile or compressive forces.

Another constructive improvement provides that the coupling pins on their Both ends are connected by a respective web, so that a ring-shaped closed structure results approximately in the form of an O. Such a ring can be similar to a chain link with two different devices, namely the Drive device on the one hand and the pallet on the other hand, are connected to To transmit tensile forces on the one hand and also compressive forces on the other hand. The latter will thereby possible that the annular coupling element in an insertion opening the drive device on the one hand and in a vertical slot of the pallet on the other hand inserted or inserted. In such case, the ring can be horizontal However, forces transmitted by a vertical movement, but he can out of the slot lifted and thereby the coupling to the pallet are lifted, so that the wagon can begin its journey.

Another advantageous feature of the invention is a self-contained Control loop for regulating the position of a wagon before loading and / or unloading with respect to the relevant ramp, such that the guide rails or lanes of the wagon and the ramp are aligned. In view of the large, moving masses is a smooth displacement of the pallet crucial for their long life. For this reason is an exact positioning of the wagon to be loaded is of central importance for the performance of the Device according to the invention. Such, highly accurate positioning can be Only reach by a regulation with which the wagon position approached exactly becomes. In a pure control, however, external influences in unpredictable extent to an adjustment of the actual position compared to the Contribute posible position.

In development of this invention, it is provided that the control loop an actual value transmitter for the relative position of the wagon to the relevant ramp having. This feedback device represents the feedback for the control loop, and depending the more accurate this feedback works, the better the positioning results achieve, since the positioning accuracy of an electric motor wagon drive over an intermediate, force-enhancing transmission, in particular with a underlying position control of the drive motor rotor, extremely precise control operations allowed.

Additional advantages arise when a non-contact position sensor is used, for example, an optical encoder. Such donors allow one fully automatic positioning, because no mechanical connection between the wagon and the ramp or other fixed element concerned, is to be made.

As part of an optical sensor, an arrangement can be made, wherein at the Wagon or at the ramp in spatial relation to the guide rails or - webs a lateral and / or bottom reflector is arranged. Although also the principle of the photocell can be used for a position control offers the reflection technique has the advantage that the light source and evaluation unit spatially can be summarized, so that the fixed or wagon-fixed part of the Positioner can be installed with the least possible effort.

In such an embodiment, the reflector may further be formed in this way be that a light beam falling on it depending on the position of the wagon in different directions is reflected. Thus, the impact of the reflected light beam on the optical sensor give information about whether the wagon is exactly at the desired position or not.

One possible realization of this principle is that the reflector in Direction of travel of the wagon is curved, in particular convex. Depending on, on which area a ray of light on the curved surface of such a mirror meets, the light beam is thrown back in itself (apart from, for example, one of low, vertical displacement), which signals that the wagon is in the target position is located, or the reflected light beam hits in front of or behind this Area on the light sensor, indicating that the target position is not yet is reached and the car instead still has to be moved back or forth.

This reflection device corresponds to a ramp or wagon side Arrangement comprising a light source for emitting a light beam on the one hand and one or more photosensitive elements for registering the reflected Beam on the other hand. In this case, the sensor can be used in particular as be formed light-sensitive bar, wherein the respective illuminated element a electrical signal that gives as a measure of the current position of the relevant Waggons can be interpreted and makes a correction possible.

The invention further provides that the control circuit preferably a electric Servomotor has. As stated above, an electric motor has particularly good Slow running and standstill properties and can therefore with appropriate Structure used for a particularly sensitive control.

A direct coupling or coupling of the electric motor to one or more Axes of the wagon to be positioned allow individual positioning every wagon and is thus far more accurate than this, even by the most sensitive Maneuvering by means of a coupled locomotive would be possible. Through a power transmission translating the additional electric motor be kept small in terms of performance, so that it is cheap and not too big Weight includes, it can be housed in a fully enclosed housing be, so that the weather can not harm him, and he can, for example, on one of derived from the pantograph of the locomotive and from wagon to wagon durchgeschleiftes power cable are supplied with power, wherein the control by a tax rate also arranged on the relevant wagon can be made. In that case, all the electronics in one housed with single housing, which offers the further possibility also to attach the light source and the optical sensor to the car and instead its the reflector on the ramp, so that by installing a single Control box all elements to be wired to the relevant car can. An electric way, especially from the locomotive driver given signal via one or more control lines leads to a decoupling the job motors all coupled wagons, so that the same after loosening the Braking from the locomotive in the usual way at high speed can be pulled.

To fix a wagon at the position found on the one hand the preferably pneumatic wagon brake serve, if their control over electromagnetic valves takes place, in turn, from the control electronics can be affected to the parking brake to exact positioning actuate.

On the other hand, it is also possible that on the ramp and / or on the wagon Centering and / or fixing elements for locking the wagon in adjusted Position are provided. In this case, the positioning by means of electric motor and loop to be replaced by an example. From the ramp outgoing mechanical element, which the car concerned at exactly predetermined Position shut down. This can be, for example, a swing-out stop, against the a specially constructed element of the wagon drives and then the wagon in this position stops. Or it is an example. Wedge-shaped element in the longitudinal direction of the wedge across the railroad tracks pushed against the wagon, the Wedge with a correspondingly shaped recess of the wagon substructure cooperates to fully wedge one in both directions effective locking of the wagon brought about.

Finally, it is the teaching of the invention that the Zentrierungs- and / or Fixierungselemente when activated a mechanical shape and / or Forming frictional engagement between the relevant wagon and the ramp. This Feature is in contrast to the above-mentioned feature not the Adjustment of the wagon position, but the fixation of the wagon in the once found position in which the same is held immovably. This can be up take the different ways, u. a. also according to the principle of a Parking brake.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Draufsicht auf eine Verladestation für Lastzüge;

Fig. 2

einen Ausschnitt aus Fig. 1, jedoch ohne Kraftfahrzeuge;

Fig. 3a

eine Draufsicht auf die Palette aus Fig. 2;

Fig. 3b

einen Schnitt durch die Fig. 3a entlang der Linie III - III;

Fig. 4

eine Vorrichtung zum exakten Positionieren eines Güterwaggons in der Draufsicht;

Fig. 5

einen Schnitt durch die Fig. 2 entlang der Linie V - V;

Fig. 6

einen Schnitt durch die Fig. 5 entlang der Linie VI- VI;

Fig. 7

eine Seitenansicht eines über eine Palette nach einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung mit einem Fahrzeug beladenen Waggons;

Fig. 8

eine perspektivische Ansicht auf den Waggon aus Fig. 1 an einer Rampe vor dem Beladen mit einem Fahrzeug;

Fig. 9

das Detail IX aus Fig. 8 in einer vergrößerten Darstellung;

Fig. 10

eine Draufsicht auf ein Führungselement der Fig. 7 in Richtung des Pfeils X;

Fig. 11

einen Schnitt durch die Fig. 10 in Richtung der Linie XI - XI;

Fig. 12

einen Schnitt durch die Fig. 8 entlang der Linie XII - XII; sowie

Fig. 13

einen Arretierungsmechanismus in einer Sprengdarstellung.

Further features, details, advantages and effects on the basis of the invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention and from the drawing. This shows in:

Fig. 1

a schematic plan view of a loading station for trucks;

Fig. 2

a section of Figure 1, but without motor vehicles.

Fig. 3a

a plan view of the pallet of Fig. 2;

Fig. 3b

a section through the Fig. 3a along the line III - III;

Fig. 4

a device for the exact positioning of a freight car in the plan view;

Fig. 5

a section through the Figure 2 along the line V - V;

Fig. 6

a section through the Figure 5 along the line VI-VI;

Fig. 7

a side view of a vehicle loaded on a pallet according to another embodiment of the invention wagons;

Fig. 8

a perspective view of the wagon of Figure 1 on a ramp before loading with a vehicle.

Fig. 9

the detail IX of Figure 8 in an enlarged view.

Fig. 10

a plan view of a guide element of Figure 7 in the direction of arrow X;

Fig. 11

a section through the Figure 10 in the direction of line XI - XI;

Fig. 12

a section through the Figure 8 along the line XII - XII; such as

Fig. 13

a locking mechanism in an exploded view.

Fig. 1 shows a plan view of a loading station 1 according to the invention for Motor vehicles, in particular trucks 2 and trailers 3. The loading station 1 has the shape of a parallel to a railway track 4 extending ramp 5 with a Width, which is greater than a truck 2, for example 3 m, and with a flat, drivable top 6, the height of which is almost exactly the height of the loading area 7 a standing on the track 4 freight cars 8 matches. In which Example shown is a freight car 8 with a length of about 20 m used, on which a complete truck 9 with trucks 2 and Trailer 3 place finds.

Once the freight car 8 is placed in the illustrated form, the truck must 9 for loading from the ramp 6 transversely to its preferred direction of travel 10 on the Freight wagon 8 are moved. This is done with a device 11, which can be seen more clearly in FIG. 2. One recognizes there a pallet 12 with a horizontal footprint on which a truck 2 or a trailer 3 place place. Such pallets 12 may be from the truck or the trailer. 3 be traveled and are then with a drive device 13 transversely to the Rail 4 from the top 6 of the loading dock 5 on the bed 7 of the Freight cars 8 shifted.

Such a pallet 12, of which two consecutively on a Gondola 8 find space is shown enlarged in Fig. 3a. You recognize that drivable, flat base plate 14, which supports a fully loaded Truck made of a solid steel plate with a cross section of several mm is made. As can be seen from Fig. 3b, the base of the Pallet 12 divided into several fields 15, between which the base plate 14 after has protruding elevations 16, which in the manner of a profile on the entire, parallel to the tracks 4 length of the pallet 12 extend and this thereby give a high rigidity. An additional stabilization undergoes the Palette 12 by at right angles to the bead-like elevations 16 extending Cross braces 17, which may have a similar profile as the längsvelaufenden elevations 16. The cross braces 17 connect the facing each other sides 18, 19 adjacent longitudinal elevations 16 and ensure thereby for a maximum connection stiffness one of all sides Stiffeners 16, 17 surrounded field 15 and thus the pallet 12 in total.

While the cross braces 17 on the top 20 of the base plate 14th are welded so that in these areas of the profiles 17 and the Base plate 14 completely enclosed cavities 21 result, are the Longitudinal surveys 16 are not placed on the base plate 14, but in the same inserted so that the underlying spaces 22 are open at the bottom.

Moreover, it is also possible to provide mechanical centering means, which align the roughly positioned freight car 8 such that its Guideways with those of the ramp 5 are aligned. This can be about vertical Axes rotatable rollers of the ramp 5 or 8 of the carriage extendable be arranged between the converging, vertical Guide surfaces experienced a positioning and this the freight car. 8 report. In a particular embodiment, these may be about vertical axes rotatable centering rollers may even be arranged on the pallets 12 themselves, preferably below the outer edge elevations 27, and thus cooperating, vertical and converging guide surfaces may be located on the track 4 facing edge 28 of the ramp 5.

Another adjustment device can be seen in FIG. One recognizes a wedge 49, at an approximately positioned freight car 8 from the ramp 5 against one of them facing longitudinal side of the carriage 8 is advanced, for example, by means of a hydraulic cylinder 50, and there in a complementary, V-shaped Well 51 engages while the freight car 8 so moves that the Central axes of the V-shaped recess 51 and the wedge 49 are aligned. Thus, each freight car 8 can be positioned reproducibly.

The drive device 13 for moving the pallets 12 is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 played. These are two parallel to each other and with each other synchronized devices 29 in the region of each end face 30 of the respective Pallet 12. To couple the two, identical pull / push devices 29 is on the relevant outer side 31 of the edge-side elevation 27 each have a metal tab 32 welded, which has a top slot 33, in the one chain link-shaped coupling element 34 can be inserted. If both Long sides 26 of the pallet 12 each two or more metal vanes 32 are provided are, then the ramp 5 at different stations at different Side of the loading track 4 may be arranged, that is, a wagon 8 may, for example, of the loaded on the right side and unloaded to the left side.

The coupling element 34 has an annular, but oval structure and is provided with a its two narrow sides in a recess 35 of a pull / push plate 36th stored. The plate 36 is aligned with the correct positioning of the carriage 8 with the concerned metal vane 32, so that it is possible, the metal bracket 34 from an approximately rear standby position in the front engagement position of FIG. 5 to pivot 37, wherein the front bracket portion 52 in the slot 33 of Metal tab 32 engages and thus a form-fitting in the horizontal direction Connection between the pallet 12 and the pull / push plate 36 manufactures. The train / Thrust plate 36 engages through a transverse to the ramp 5 extending slot 38 in the top 6 and extends into an underlying cavity 39th

There is in the immediate vicinity of the pull / push plate 36 a parallel to the slot 38 extending threaded spindle 40, on both sides 41, 42 of the Ramp 5 rotatable, but otherwise immovable stored 43 is. By means of an the track 4 remote from the side 42 mounted drive 44, the Threaded spindle 40 are set in rotary motion. This is about a on it bolted rider 45 with internal thread bore 46 for engagement with the Threaded spindle 40 by means of screws 47 fixed thereto pull / push plate 36th and thus on the coupling element 34, the pallet 12 in the direction of the threaded spindle 40 postponed. To protect the threaded spindle 40 from the weather can at the rider 45 may be arranged a cover which the threaded spindle covered. A similar effect also have the slot 38 covering Rubber straps.

Thus, the movement of the pallet 12 is carried out evenly on both end faces 30 must the rotational movement of the two threaded spindles 40 are completely synchronized. This is achieved by a rearward 42 coupling 48, which, for example, by a chain can be realized, which ever a gear of the two threaded spindles 40th preferably surrounds under tension, so that the two spindles 40 are rotatably coupled together. As a result of this coupling, it is possible to provide more than two pushers 29 for a pallet 12, provided especially large masses, for example. An entire truck 9 or a tractor with Tractor and trailer and loaded containers, on a single pallet 12 to be loaded.

For logistical reasons, a pallet 12 can be unloaded after unloading Waggons 8 are pushed back onto the wagon. So this in one As short a period as possible, can be in the range of the drive 44 for the Threaded spindles 40 provide a reversible transmission, so that the pallets 12 in unloaded state can be moved in a fast gear.

The reproduced in Figs. 7 to 13 embodiment of an inventive Verladesystems 100 differs from the previous mainly by the Realization of the pallet 101 with lower 102 runners 103 instead of rollers. A Skid 103 is shown in Fig. 12 in cross section, it is made of stainless steel and has a width of, for example, 10 cm, a thickness of about 2 cm and extends across the entire width of the pallet 101. It glides on a flat stainless steel track 104, which is set on the upper side 105 of the wagon 106. The stainless steel train 104 has a width of about 15 cm, a thickness of about 2 cm and extends over the entire width of the wagon 106. The front sides of the two Stainless steel sheets 103, 104 converge from their rear attachment surface their sliding surface, so that there is a ramp-like contact surface and the Moving the pallet 101 over the gap between the car 106 and the Ramp 107 there is no fear of entanglement.

The reproduced in Fig. 8 sliding device 13 corresponds to that in the previous embodiment described. In the drawing is indicated by an in Sprengmanier illustrated detail to realize that a bow-shaped Coupling element 34 with the pull / push plate 36 so positively connected can be that the pull / push plate 36 has an upper-side slot in the the coupling element 34 is first inserted. Then another metal plate 108 with a corresponding slot in the fallen position laterally to the pull-push plate 36 screwed, such that the overlapping slots one leave only approximately the cross section of the bracket 34 corresponding circular opening, so that next to a pivoting movement hardly another Freedom of movement is allowed.

The bow-shaped coupling element 34 cooperates with a palette-side Metal lug 109, as shown enlarged in Fig. 9. One recognizes that the Metal lug 109 has an approximately U-shaped shape, with the upwards facing free ends 110, 111 inwardly facing projections have, which the bow-shaped coupling element 34 both in the train as well as in the Thrust state overlap and therefore an escape of the same upwards prevention. Due to the high, over the metal vanes 109 in the range 101 forces to be applied are the metal lugs 109 on reinforcements 112 welded, which in turn in the lateral side members 27 of the pallet 101st are welded. The reinforcements 112 have an elongated shape and a about trapezoidal longitudinal section, so that the force introduction into the pallet chassis 27 is distributed over a very large area.

The carriage 106 adjusting device 113 is different from the Adjusting device 49 - 51 of FIG. 4 mainly in that instead of the local Wedge 49 here, a cone-shaped element 114 is used, which in one complementary, conical recess 115 in the side 116 of the wagon 106th can be pushed into it. As a result, on the one hand with respect to the wedge embodiment also an adjustment of the wagon 106 in the vertical direction be done to thereby this during the unloading process as in a Clamp vise immovable in all three spatial directions and thus a yielding of the waggon suspension under the charged weight submissions. On the other hand, it is possible due to the conical shape, the adjustment 114 at the front end of a threaded spindle 117 to order and through Relatiwerdrehung against an internal thread in its longitudinal direction opposite the wagon 106 extend until it is positively in the local Recess 115 is stuck. The hiring by means of threaded spindle 117 brings one hand an implementation of linear motion in one for the drive with an electric motor optimal rotational movement and on the other hand, a strong reduction with it. A further reduction can be achieved simply by the fact that the Rotary movement of the threaded spindle 117 or a surrounding this Threaded element via a worm drive takes place. Finally, through a pointed cone arrangement of the conical member 114 a further reduction the required actuation force can be achieved so that the wagon 106 with Electric motors comparatively low power also fixed in the vertical direction can not and therefore many tons of heavy objects when charging no Millimeters yield.

During the loading operation, the pallet 101 of a vehicle 118 carrying two pushers 13 from the loading dock 107 on the clamped 113th Wagon 106 pushed. Further, since also in this embodiment 100, the two Pushers 13 are coupled together, the pallet 101 can hardly in one Imbalance advised. A remainder doing this on the car 106 arranged Centering devices 119, which at both end faces 120 of the pallet 101st are arranged. As shown in FIG. 11, each centering device 119 has an example. designed as a spiral spring compression spring 121, which in a rear cylinder 122 is received and about this on the top 105 of the car 106th supported. The cylinder 122 is open at its end facing the pallet 101 and thereby provides a longitudinally displaceable within the cylinder the compression spring 121 arranged piston 123 occasion, by this end face to step outside. The piston 123 is at its free end 124 with one of two connected to one another arms 125 formed fork 126 connected to a vertical axis 127 rotatable, but otherwise supported largely immovable. The vertical axis 127 carries a roller 128 made of a solid material such as. Steel, which on the one hand on the front side 120 of the pallet 101 at the Moving movement rolls on the other hand, the case received longitudinal displacement in the case of an offset of the pallet 101 transmits as a deflection on the spring 121. If at an increased offset, the restoring force of the spring 121 is greater than the friction force between the slideways 103, 104, the pallet 101 yields and returns to its intended middle position. As shown in FIG. 8, are on each end face 120 of the pallet 101 several, for example. Five centering devices 119 arranged so that the restoring force is multiplied accordingly.

Due to the high-precision adjustment of the wagon 106 and the precise guidance the pallet 101 in the sliding movement this takes following the Move millimeter exactly the position vorgersehene and must there only be arrested. This causes the locking mechanism 129 of FIG. 13th

It can be seen from Fig. 13 that serving in the intersection of the stiffening Elevations, namely a longitudinal elevation 16 and a cross-brace 17, at the Bottom 102 of the pallet 101, a solid metal block 130 is welded, the a single, lower-side recess 131 has. The recess 131 has a upwardly tapering jacket, in the illustrated embodiment in the lower Area pyramid-shaped, which merges into a cone shape upwards.

With this shape of the recess 131 corresponds to the upper end 132 of a solid metal pin 133 which sunk in the top 105 of the wagon 106 is arranged, extended by motor drive 134 against it upwards can be. Preferably, four such metal pins 133 are provided at ideally placed pallet 101, each with a recess 131 in the four corners the pallet 101 are aligned. If so, the metal pins 133 are driven upwards, they engage in the recesses 131 of the pallet 101 and put them in by horizontal direction positively fixed. Should the pallet 101 after the Move still have a small offset in the millimeter range, so are the metal pins 133 due to their tapered upper ends 132 in the Able to fully align the pallet 101, which in this case with the corresponding upwardly tapering portion of the recesses 131 cooperate.

Claims (8)

1. Device for loading vehicles (2, 3) onto, and unloading vehicles from, railway wagons (8), the vehicles (2, 3) , in the case of loading, being pushed transversely to the railway rails (4) from a ramp (5) onto the wagon(s) (8) and, in the case of unloading, being pushed in the opposite direction, wherein the vehicles (2, 3) drive onto pallets (12), which are then displaced onto the wagon(s) (8) and, together with the vehicles (2, 3), remain there during rail transportation, said device comprising a pallet (12), which has the base area of at least one vehicle (2, 3) and has means on its underside for displacing from a ramp (3) onto a railway wagon (8), and centring means being arranged on the loading surface of the wagon, in the direction of travel, in front of and behind the place reserved for the pallet, in order, as the pallet is displaced, to guide it exactly to the area reserved for it,
   characterised in that
   the means on the underside are sliding means, in particular runners or other preferably flat surfaces.
2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that means for anchoring the pallet during rail transportation are arranged at the place reserved for the pallet on the loading surface of the goods wagon.
3. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that flat surfaces for supporting the pallet are arranged on the loading surface of the goods wagon and/or of the ramp for supporting the pallet during its sliding motion.
4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised by an apparatus (29) on the ramp (5) for displacing a pallet (12) by pulling and/or pushing.
5. Device according to claim 4, characterised in that the displacement apparatus (2) has a threaded spindle (40), which runs parallel to the displacement direction and on which a block (45), which is coupled to the pallet (12), is screwed (46), and is displaceable by rotating said spindle (40).
6. Device according to claim 5, characterised in that the block (45) can be coupled to the pallet by means of a pushing/putting link (34).
7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised by a device for approaching a predetermined wagon position, in particular for controlling the position of a wagon (8) with respect to the particular ramp (5), before loading and/or unloading, such that the guide apparatuses or guide tracks of the wagon (8) and the ramp (5) are aligned with one another.
8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that centring and/or fixing elements for locking the wagon (8) in an adjusted position are provided on the ramp (5) and/or on the wagon (8).

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