EP1009951B1 - Procede de conduite d'une chaudiere a circulation forcee et chaudiere pour sa mise en oeuvre - Google Patents

Procede de conduite d'une chaudiere a circulation forcee et chaudiere pour sa mise en oeuvre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1009951B1
EP1009951B1 EP97938700A EP97938700A EP1009951B1 EP 1009951 B1 EP1009951 B1 EP 1009951B1 EP 97938700 A EP97938700 A EP 97938700A EP 97938700 A EP97938700 A EP 97938700A EP 1009951 B1 EP1009951 B1 EP 1009951B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
outlet
water
fluid
heat exchanger
steam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97938700A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1009951A1 (fr
Inventor
Alfred Dethier
Pierre Grandjean
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cockerill Mechanical Industries SA
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Cockerill Mechanical Industries SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Cockerill Mechanical Industries SA filed Critical Cockerill Mechanical Industries SA
Publication of EP1009951A1 publication Critical patent/EP1009951A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1009951B1 publication Critical patent/EP1009951B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
    • F22B29/12—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes operating with superimposed recirculation during starting and low-load periods, e.g. composite boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
    • F22B35/06—Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B35/14—Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type during the starting-up periods, i.e. during the periods between the lighting of the furnaces and the attainment of the normal operating temperature of the steam boilers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for driving a forced circulation boiler, in particular for a steam turbine, said boiler comprising at least a first heat exchanger heat whose input is connected to a water supply pipe and whose output is connected, through an adjustment valve, either to the input of a second heat exchanger, the output of which is connected to the steam turbine, either directly to the steam turbine.
  • the invention also relates to a boiler for the implementation of this process.
  • the invention without being limited thereto, relates more particularly to boilers supplying steam turbines used in thermal power plants for electricity production. These plants have, in fact, a boiler producing steam under pressure that drives a steam turbine driving a generator electricity.
  • the boiler can be heated by a burner which burns a fossil fuel or fuel from industry.
  • Boiler can also be a recovery boiler used in a so-called combined cycle thermal power plant.
  • a fuel for example natural gas or fuel oil
  • gas turbine driving an electricity generator.
  • Gas exhaust of this gas turbine large in volume and rich in heat energy, are recovered in a boiler called recovery to produce pressurized steam which entrains, by means of a steam turbine, an electricity generator.
  • the pressurized steam produced in the boiler instead to operate a turbine, can optionally be used to other needs.
  • boilers always include heat exchangers operating as an evaporator (water) or a superheater (water steam) arranged horizontally or vertically in a flow of hot gases. Depending on their type of heating, their arrangement, their operating principle, etc ..., we can distinguish several types of boilers.
  • the document DE 4303613 A1 describes a boiler with forced circulation including a steam-water separator liquid which, during start-up and when running stabilized boiler separates steam from fluid two-phase leaving the evaporator to drain the latter via a superheater to the turbine.
  • Document JP-02016119 describes a boiler with "once through” forced circulation which includes using a separation flask to separate the vapor phase and water-liquid phase of the mixture biphasic leaving the evaporator of the boiler during from the start of the installation. Depending on the pressure reached by steam, it is either recondensed, either drained to the turbine.
  • document US-3,135,096 describes a "once through" forced circulation boiler which includes two vapor-liquid separators where water and vapor are separated by gravity.
  • a first separator (not shown) is placed after the evaporator to recirculate the unvaporized water via a blender the inlet of the evaporator and to drain the other fraction of the fluid to the boiler superheater.
  • the second vapor-water / liquid separator is mounted in bypass with respect to the turbines of the installation, and in principle, is only used during from the start of the installation. This separator separates the liquid phase (water) and vapor phase of the fluid two-phase output from the superheater.
  • the liquid phase (water) is drained to a condenser and the vapor phase is drained by means of three pressure regulators and controllers either towards a deaerator, either via a heat exchanger to this deaerator or to a condenser before return to the boiler economizer input.
  • the water runs through the first part of the interchange until separator, where water and steam are separated by gravity. Water is drained from the separator to a condenser or other tank, while steam travels the second part of the exchanger to undergo a overheated. During this start-up phase, the separator is said to be in wet operation.
  • the separator receives less in less water and at the end of the start-up phase, it only receives steam and becomes an element inert. It is then said in dry operation and the will remain during stabilized walking.
  • the separator is a tank subjected to high pressure and high temperature. It is therefore a expensive element which, moreover, introduces constraints operating due to large wall thicknesses put into play. In stabilized operation, not only is a superfluous element, but it also causes pressure losses on the water / steam side, altering the installation performance.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a new process for operating a boiler forced circulation as well as a boiler for the implementation of the process allowing the removal of the separator.
  • the present invention provides a process for operating a forced circulation boiler of the type described in the preamble which is characterized in that during the start-up phase, the regulating valve to the 2nd exchanger or the turbine is closed, in that, as long as the fluid at the output of the first exchanger is a two-phase fluid consisting of a mixture of water and steam, we transform, by condensation, all water vapor and in that when the fluid at the outlet of the first evaporator is pure steam, we gradually open the valve adjustment.
  • Condensation of steam at the outlet of the first evaporator is carried out by mixing the two-phase fluid with water Power.
  • the condensed water thus obtained is sent to the condenser and is thus recycled.
  • the method according to the present invention makes it possible to eliminate the separator since there is no longer any separation between the vapor and water. According to the invention, as long as one is not in the presence of pure steam, all the steam is transformed into water and the passage of the mixture in the second exchanger or in the turbine.
  • the control elements such as regulators thus always work in liquid medium.
  • the removal of the separator or starter tank in addition to lower investment costs, eliminates thermal gradient constraints associated therewith.
  • the process according to the invention also allows faster starting of the boiler and reduced pressure drop on the water / steam side in stabilized operation.
  • the invention also provides a forced circulation boiler, in particular for a steam turbine, comprising at least a first heat exchanger, the inlet of which is connected to a pipe water supply and whose outlet is connected through a first regulating valve to a steam turbine, either directly, either through a second heat exchanger, characterized in that the outlet of the first exchanger is connected through a second valve adjustment at the supply line and through a valve expansion to a condensing device and in that the second valve adjustment is controlled by the temperature of the fluid upstream of the expansion valve so that during the startup, this temperature remains below the temperature of saturation.
  • the boiler shown schematically in the figure is a recovery boiler placed downstream of a gas turbine in a combined cycle power plant. With a few transformations, it could however work with a burner.
  • the boiler consists of two heat exchangers in series, namely an evaporator 10 producing, in steady operation, slightly overheated steam and final superheater 12 intended to heat the steam produced by the evaporator 10 at the desired temperature.
  • the two exchangers 10 and 12 consist, in a conventional manner, of tubes, with or without fins, arranged here horizontally in an upward flow of gas hot symbolized by arrow 14 and formed by gases exhaust from a gas turbine.
  • the evaporator is supplied with water by a pump 16 through a supply line 18.
  • the flow rate in line 18 is adjusted by a flow control valve 20 under the control of a flow meter 22.
  • the output of the evaporator 10 is connected to a non condenser shown through an outlet line 24 and a valve trigger 26 under the control of a pressure gauge 28.
  • This valve trigger 26 controls and regulates the pressure in the the evaporator.
  • the outlet of the evaporator 10 is also connected through a control valve 30 at the inlet of the superheater 12.
  • the outlet thereof is connected through an outlet line 32 to the condenser and to the steam turbine not shown.
  • the pressure in the circuit superheater 12 is controlled by an expansion valve 34 under the control of a pressure gauge 36 during the start-up phase, and by the steam turbine in stabilized operation.
  • One of the features that characterizes the boiler circuit according to the present invention is a pipe 38 in bypass between the inlet pipe 18 and outlet pipe 24 of the evaporator and which allows the mixing of a controlled quantity of "cold" water with the two-phase mixture produced by the evaporator during the starting the boiler.
  • the water flow in line 38 is regulated by an adjustment valve 40 under the control of a thermometer 42 measuring the temperature downstream of the pipe 38.
  • the evaporator Before starting the gas turbine, the evaporator is pressurized to a pressure compatible with the turbine gas temperature. This pressure which is controlled by the expansion valve 26 can be lower than the nominal pressure (for example 100 bars). A minimum flow (for example 30%) is ensured by pump 16 and regulated by valve 20 with return to the condenser through the expansion valve 26. The control valve 30 is then closed and the superheater 12 is isolated from the the evaporator 10.
  • the gas turbine is then started and stabilized at a load such that the exhaust gas temperature is higher about 100 ° C at the saturation temperature in the evaporator 10, or about 400 ° C for the selected pressure.
  • thermometer 42 controls the progressive opening of the valve 40 to allow the flow, towards line 24, with a regulated flow rate of "cold” water so that the temperature is lower than the saturation temperature (by example 300 ° C).
  • the vapor which begins to form in the evaporator 10 from the saturation temperature transforms, by this supply of "cold” water, into water, so that the valve trigger 26 always remains in water as it enters (with a mixture water / steam, it could not work) and keeps its capacity of setting.
  • valve 40 under the control of the thermometer 42, opens further to allow the contribution of the amount of water needed to condense all the steam and in order that the temperature at B be kept below the temperature saturation. This scenario lasts until there is no more water in the outlet of the evaporator. From this moment, the temperature increases again due to overheating of the steam. The absence of water at the outlet of the evaporator is therefore easily can be identified by an increase in temperature at A. This detection is used to gradually open valve 30 to divert steam 30 to superheater 12 and to close gradually the valve 40 and the expansion valve 26.
  • the load of the gas turbine can be increased.
  • the water flow will be regulated by the temperatures of the steam at the evaporator 10 and superheater 12 outlets and the relief valve 34 increases the pressure to the nominal value.
  • the temperature of the steam leaving the the evaporator keeps a slight overheating of around 50 ° C.
  • the final temperature of the steam leaving the boiler will be as requested at nominal speed or can be controlled by a any additional desuperheater for partial loads or peak.
  • the system for transforming steam into water during start-up can be transposed to the boiler outlet which, therefore, does not would have more than one heat exchanger.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Devices For Medical Bathing And Washing (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
EP97938700A 1996-09-02 1997-09-01 Procede de conduite d'une chaudiere a circulation forcee et chaudiere pour sa mise en oeuvre Expired - Lifetime EP1009951B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE9600735A BE1010594A3 (fr) 1996-09-02 1996-09-02 Procede de conduite d'une chaudiere a circulation forcee et chaudiere pour sa mise en oeuvre.
BE9600735 1996-09-02
PCT/BE1997/000098 WO1998010222A1 (fr) 1996-09-02 1997-09-01 Procede de conduite d'une chaudiere a circulation forcee et chaudiere pour sa mise en oeuvre

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1009951A1 EP1009951A1 (fr) 2000-06-21
EP1009951B1 true EP1009951B1 (fr) 2002-11-13

Family

ID=3889939

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97938700A Expired - Lifetime EP1009951B1 (fr) 1996-09-02 1997-09-01 Procede de conduite d'une chaudiere a circulation forcee et chaudiere pour sa mise en oeuvre

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US6152085A (xx)
EP (1) EP1009951B1 (xx)
JP (1) JP2001508164A (xx)
CN (1) CN1138943C (xx)
AT (1) ATE227822T1 (xx)
AU (1) AU4107097A (xx)
BE (1) BE1010594A3 (xx)
CA (1) CA2264898C (xx)
DE (1) DE69717165T2 (xx)
DK (1) DK1009951T3 (xx)
ES (1) ES2186921T3 (xx)
PT (1) PT1009951E (xx)
TR (1) TR199900479T2 (xx)
WO (1) WO1998010222A1 (xx)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19926326A1 (de) * 1999-06-09 2000-12-14 Abb Alstom Power Ch Ag Verfahren und Anlage zum Erwärmen eines flüssigen Mediums
SE518085C2 (sv) * 2000-03-24 2002-08-20 Roland Lundqvist Anordning och förfarande för överföring av värme samt användning därav
DE102010028720A1 (de) * 2010-05-07 2011-11-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Dampferzeugers
WO2014175871A1 (en) * 2013-04-24 2014-10-30 International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc Turbine protection system
JP6290063B2 (ja) * 2014-10-06 2018-03-07 トクデン株式会社 過熱水蒸気生成装置
CN108506921B (zh) * 2018-04-25 2024-04-30 西安西热节能技术有限公司 一种电站锅炉的中高压工业供汽系统及方法

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2124254A (en) * 1934-03-15 1938-07-19 Ledinegg Max Method of high pressure steam generation
US2170790A (en) * 1936-10-12 1939-08-22 La Mont Corp Forced circulation vapor generator
NL280175A (xx) * 1961-07-27
GB1053515A (xx) * 1963-03-23
CH599504A5 (xx) * 1975-09-26 1978-05-31 Sulzer Ag
CH632331A5 (de) * 1978-10-03 1982-09-30 Sulzer Ag Verfahren zum anfahren eines zwanglaufdampferzeugers.
DE3236979A1 (de) * 1982-10-06 1984-04-12 Deutsche Babcock Werke AG, 4200 Oberhausen Zwangsdurchlaufdampferzeuger und verfahren zu seiner inbetriebnahme
EP0308728B1 (de) * 1987-09-21 1991-06-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Durchlaufdampferzeugers
JPH03221702A (ja) * 1990-01-29 1991-09-30 Toshiba Corp 複圧式排熱回収熱交換器
DE4303613C2 (de) * 1993-02-09 1998-12-17 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Dampf in einem Zwangsdurchlaufdampferzeuger
US5762031A (en) * 1997-04-28 1998-06-09 Gurevich; Arkadiy M. Vertical drum-type boiler with enhanced circulation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PT1009951E (pt) 2003-03-31
CN1138943C (zh) 2004-02-18
ES2186921T3 (es) 2003-05-16
AU4107097A (en) 1998-03-26
US6152085A (en) 2000-11-28
JP2001508164A (ja) 2001-06-19
CN1232533A (zh) 1999-10-20
WO1998010222A1 (fr) 1998-03-12
EP1009951A1 (fr) 2000-06-21
TR199900479T2 (xx) 2000-02-21
DE69717165D1 (de) 2002-12-19
BE1010594A3 (fr) 1998-11-03
CA2264898A1 (fr) 1998-03-12
CA2264898C (fr) 2007-01-09
ATE227822T1 (de) 2002-11-15
DK1009951T3 (da) 2003-03-10
DE69717165T2 (de) 2003-07-17

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