EP1009004B1 - Einrichtung zur Steuerung eines Elektromagneten, mit Erfassung von unbeabsichtigtem Bewegen des beweglichen Kerns eines Elektromagneten - Google Patents

Einrichtung zur Steuerung eines Elektromagneten, mit Erfassung von unbeabsichtigtem Bewegen des beweglichen Kerns eines Elektromagneten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1009004B1
EP1009004B1 EP99410161A EP99410161A EP1009004B1 EP 1009004 B1 EP1009004 B1 EP 1009004B1 EP 99410161 A EP99410161 A EP 99410161A EP 99410161 A EP99410161 A EP 99410161A EP 1009004 B1 EP1009004 B1 EP 1009004B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
current
during
icm
phase
coil
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP99410161A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1009004A1 (de
Inventor
Mustapha Chelloug
Ghislain Durif
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H01H2047/006—Detecting unwanted movement of contacts and applying pulses to coil for restoring to normal status
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • H01H47/32—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device
    • H01H47/325—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device by switching regulator

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a control device and an electromagnet, the assembly comprising a core. mobile, with at least one call phase, during which the electromagnet receives a inrush current, and a holding phase, during which it receives a holding current lower than the inrush current, and comprising at least one coil connected in series with an electronic switch at the terminals of a supply voltage, means for measuring the current flowing in the coil and the means for controlling the electromagnet, connected to the current measurement means and to a control electrode the electronic switch and comprising means for regulating the current in the coil during the holding phase.
  • EPO 411 903 shows an assembly according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • FR-A-2 .133.652 For the control of an electromagnet, it is known (FR-A-2 .133.652) to supply it temporarily a relatively high inrush current, followed by a more holding current low. This can be achieved as well with a device comprising a single coil, in which the current is chopped to constitute the holding current, only with a double winding consisting of a take-up coil and a holding coil. he is also known to enslave inrush and holding currents to setpoint levels predetermined (FR-A-2,568,715).
  • An electromagnet conventionally comprises a movable core whose displacement towards a position in which the electromagnet is actuated is caused by the circulation of the inrush current in the inrush coil. It is then held in this position by the passage of the holding current in the holding coil, which can be the same as the call reel.
  • the holding current we seek to reduce the holding current. In certain cases, this reduction in the holding current poses problems due to the existence of shocks, mechanical in particular, likely to cause a untimely displacement of the core towards the rest position of the electromagnet.
  • the search for a reduction in the volumes of the electromagnets leads to a decrease in the power which can be dissipated by the coils and makes the electromagnets more sensitive to shocks.
  • the invention aims to eliminate these drawbacks.
  • control means include detection means, for detecting an untimely movement of the mobile core of the electromagnet during a holding phase depending on the value of the circulating current in the coil when said current is greater than the setpoint during the phase holding, and control means for switching to the call phase when a unexpected movement is detected.
  • Rapid shock detection allows you to return to the call phase and pick up the core mobile before its movement had an impact on the device it controls.
  • the detection means include means for detecting the direction of variation of the current flowing in the coil, a inadvertent displacement being considered as detected when, during the hold, the current is simultaneously greater than the set value and increasing.
  • the means for detecting the direction of variation of the current then preferably comprise means for determining a quantity representative of the derivative of the current by relative to time, an untimely movement being considered as detected when, during the holding phase, the current is greater than the set value and said greatness is positive.
  • untimely displacement is detected by the detection means when, during the holding phase, the current is greater than the setpoint for a predetermined period.
  • the device according to FIG. 1, which is of the type described in document FR-A-2,568,715 comprises a coil 1 connected in series with a transistor T1 and a measurement resistor R1 at the terminals of a supply voltage Va.
  • a freewheeling diode D1 is connected in parallel on the coil 1.
  • An output S1 of a circuit 2 for controlling and regulation is connected to a control electrode of transistor T1 to which it provides control signals B.
  • An input E1 of circuit 2 receives signals A of solenoid control.
  • Circuit 2 is also connected to the terminals of the resistor R1 so as to receive, on an input E2, signals Ib, representative of the current Ib flowing in the coil 1 when the transistor T1 is conductive. Circuit 2 thus allows both to control the device and to control the current in the coil to predetermined values, independent of the supply voltage Va.
  • a circuit 3 supply, connected across the voltage Va supplies circuit 2 with a voltage stabilized auxiliary power supply.
  • the electromagnet of known type, represented in FIG. 2, comprises an armature 4 to the interior of which the coil 1 is disposed.
  • the coil 1 surrounds a fixed core 5, integral with the frame, and a movable core 6.
  • a spring 7 is disposed between the fixed cores and movable so as to separate the movable core 6 from the fixed core.
  • a plunger 8 secured to the movable core made protrusion outside the frame 4.
  • a control command A When a control command A is applied to the input E1 of circuit 2, it passes first by an appeal phase.
  • signals B control the conduction of transistor T1, i.e. closing of the electronic switch constituted by the transistor, so that a relatively high current Ib, or current call, flows in the coil 1.
  • Ib current current
  • the passage of the inrush current in the coil 1 causes the displacement of the movable core 6 in the direction of the fixed core 5, against the action of the spring 7.
  • the plunger 8 no longer projects out of the frame 4.
  • the position of the plunger 8 makes it possible to control the opening or closing a device, for example a contactor or a circuit breaker.
  • the call phase lasts long enough to allow complete movement of the movable core 6 and its bonding against the fixed core 5. Subsequently, the passage of a current high calling capacity is no longer necessary to maintain the mobile core in position actuation of the electromagnet and, conventionally, the circuit 2 for controlling and regulation goes to a maintenance phase.
  • signals B control the conduction of transistor T1 so that a holding current Ib, weaker, circulates in coil 1.
  • the holding current Ib is regulated by the circuit 2 so as to be close to a setpoint Icm of the holding current.
  • circuit 2 can be constituted by an analog circuit or by a circuit digital, for example, microprocessor.
  • regulation is carried out by pulse width modulation (PWM) of a frequency control signal B fixed high.
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b illustrate the signals B and the current Ib during a holding phase and the consequences of a shock in a device according to FIG. 1 in which the regulation is carried out from samples Ib i of the current taken at a fixed predetermined sampling frequency.
  • the current Ib being lower than the set value Icm
  • the signal B is at a logic value 1
  • the transistor T1 conducts.
  • the current Ib is sampled with a sampling period Te by the circuit 2.
  • the signal B remains at 1 and the current in the coil increases.
  • a sample Ib i of the current Ib reaches or exceeds the set value Icm
  • the signal B goes to 0, thus controlling the passage to an opening phase of the electronic switch constituted by the transistor T1 . This being blocked, the current in the coil then begins to decrease.
  • the circuit 2 periodically sends sampling pulses Bi on the base of the transistor T1, so as to make it conductive and to allow a measurement across the resistance R1 of a sample Ib i of the current Ib flowing in the coil.
  • These periodic pulses Bi, of period Te have a very short duration, so as not to influence the value of the current Ib in the coil.
  • These pulses are represented in FIGS. 3a, 4a and 5a.
  • the transistor T1 is considered to be in an opening phase of the holding phase as long as the signal B remains at 0 outside the instants sampling.
  • the current Ib again becomes lower than the set value Icm after one or two sampling periods, for example at time t3 in FIG. 3b. This is then detected by the circuit 2 which ends the opening phase by returning to the logic value 1 the signal B, again controlling the conduction of the transistor T1 and the growth of the current Ib during at least one sampling period.
  • a mechanical shock exerted on the electromagnet or on the device it controls can cause the moving core 6 to move away from the fixed core 5 when the current is too low.
  • the microprocessor starts again to control the regulation of the current of holding in the coil. However, this holding current is insufficient to pick up the movable core 6 against the fixed core 5. The shock thus leads to a de-excitation nuisance of the electromagnet.
  • the electromagnet can be of the type shown in Figure 2. In the energized position of the electromagnet, cores 5 and 6 glued, the plunger 8 is in the withdrawn position. When the voltage applied to his device control drops below a predetermined value, current flow is interrupted in the coil and the movable core 6 moves away from the fixed core 5 under the action of the spring 7.
  • the plunger 8 then projects outwards, causing immediate opening of the circuit breaker. Subsequent closing of the circuit breaker is only possible when the undervoltage release being supplied, the movable core 6 is glued against the fixed core 5. An untimely shock as described above, can therefore lead to opening of the circuit breaker.
  • the holding current supplied to the electromagnet after time t5 being insufficient to re-glue the cores, it is then impossible to close the front circuit breaker cut the power supply to the trigger and then re-energize it, which causes a phase call and bonding of the cores.
  • an untimely displacement of the mobile core of the the electromagnet during a holding phase and the transition to a phase is controlled as soon as such a movement is detected. Thanks to the rapid transition to the call phase, effects of nuisance shock are either completely eliminated or reduced.
  • an undervoltage release MN
  • the untimely shock is detected fairly early in the movement of the mobile core (6) and the call phase occurs before that the plunger 8 could not cause the opening of the circuit breaker, the shock has no result. If the shock is detected later, the circuit breaker may open under the action of the plunger 8.
  • the automatic transition to the call phase upon detection of the shock automatically leads to re-bonding of the core and allows reclosing of the breaker. In this case, the drawbacks related to nuisance shock, if they are not completely deleted, are however reduced.
  • Figures 4a and 4b illustrate the signals B and Ib in a device according to the invention.
  • the device ensures, as before, the regulation of the holding current around the set value Icm.
  • the control device detects four successive samples Ib i greater than the set value Icm, it considers that this is due to a shock and it causes the transition to call phase. This variant is illustrated in Figures 4a and 4b.
  • four successive samples greater than Icm have been detected since time t4.
  • the Ica value is much higher than the Icm value (10 to 20 times) and causes the mobile and fixed cores to stick together. Conventionally, after a predetermined time (80 ms for example), the control circuit again switches to the holding phase.
  • this criterion for detecting a shock is however insufficient.
  • the current Ib then goes down to the value of Icm setpoint.
  • the maximum value reached by the current Ib at time t8 being relatively high, it requires a period greater than two sampling periods Te to fall back below Icm.
  • the current Icm again becomes lower than the Icm setpoint at time t9 only, after five successive samples of the current Ib was greater than the setpoint.
  • this is interpreted by the control circuit 2 as being due to a shock which caused an untimely displacement of the mobile core.
  • the circuit of command would then go to the call phase, when this is unnecessary. Gold use too frequent of the call phase would lead to significant energy dissipation in the coil, which could lead to the destruction of the device.
  • FIGS. 4b and 5b makes it possible to see that, if in both cases, during the periods t4-t6 and, respectively t8-t9, the current Ib remains above the threshold Icm, by however, the variations in Ib are completely different.
  • the displacement of the mobile nucleus causes the appearance of a force in the coil and, consequently, an increase in current despite the blocking of transistor T1 outside the sampling instants.
  • the current Ib decreases as soon as the transistor T1 is in an opening phase.
  • a shock is detected when, the transistor T1 being in an opening phase, the current Ib is greater than the set value Icm and, simultaneously, the current Ib in the coil is increasing.
  • control device comprises a single coil and on the Figures 4a and 4b, the control circuit 2 regulates the current in the coil either to the value Icm during a hold phase, i.e. at Ica value during a call phase.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the complementary elements of a double embodiment winding.
  • a call coil 9 is connected in series with a transistor T2 and a measurement resistance R2 across the supply voltage Va.
  • a wheel diode free D2 is connected in parallel on the call coil 9.
  • the control electrode of the transistor T2 is connected to an output S2 of the control and regulation circuit 2. If the current in the call coil 9 must be regulated during the call phase, the common point at R2 and T2 is connected to an input E3 of circuit 2.
  • the control and regulation circuit 2 can be produced by any suitable means, analog or digital.
  • it comprises a microprocessor which performs, with a sampling period Te, the sampling of signals applied to its inputs E2 and E3, their analog / digital conversion, their comparison with the set values Icm and Ica, respectively during the phases of hold and call, and control of transistors T1 and T2.
  • a first step F1 of initialization of the holding phase the signal B is set to 1 (conduction of T1) and an indicator i is set to zero. Then the microprocessor of circuit 2 goes to a step F2 of measuring a sample Ib i of the current flowing in the coil 1. If B is zero, a sampling pulse Bi is applied transiently on the basis of transistor T1, the value of B not changing in the program. In a step F3, the microprocessor compares the sample Ib i with the set value Icm. If Ib i is not greater than the set value (NO output of F3), the microprocessor loops back to the input of step F1. The transistor T1 therefore remains conductive and the current Ib continues to rise.
  • the subroutine described so far corresponds to a regulation of the current Ib at the value Icm during the holding phase.
  • the number of samples retained in step F7 can be modified depending in particular on the desired sampling frequency and reaction speed.
  • the value 4 is a value preferential which gives satisfactory results when the supply voltage Va is a full-wave rectified voltage from an electrical network at 50 or 60Hz and for a sampling period of the order of a few hundred microseconds.
  • FIG. 8 represents a variant of the subroutine of FIG. 7, in the case where the decision criterion retained is no longer the number of successive samples greater than Icm, but the direction of variation of the holding current when Ib> Icm during a phase opening of transistor T1.
  • the quantity ⁇ Ib is representative of the direction of variation of the current Ib after blocking of the transistor T1 at the start of the opening phase, and, more particularly, representative of the derivative of the holding current with respect to time between two successive samples during this phase.
  • the microprocessor checks the sign of ⁇ Ib. If the quantity ⁇ Ib is negative or zero (NO output from F12), it goes to step F10, storing the last sample before measuring the next.
  • the regulation is carried out from a sampling periodic of the current Ib in the coil.
  • the invention is also applicable when the regulation is carried out by modulation of pulse width (PWM) as in the aforementioned prior art.
  • PWM pulse width
  • the transistor T1 works as a chopper with a fixed chopping frequency and a duty cycle. variable.
  • Th1 a period corresponding to the chopping frequency
  • the length of the period Th1 is a function of the difference between the measured current Ib and the setpoint (Icm during the maintenance phase).
  • circuit 2 compares, during each cycle or chopping period Th, the value of the ratio cyclic N to the setpoint duty cycle Nc. If N remains greater than Nc for a predetermined number of successive cycles (at least 2, preferably 4), then circuit 2 considers that there is an untimely displacement of the mobile core and commands the passage into call phase.
  • circuit 2 analogously to the mode of embodiment described in Figure 8, takes into account the direction of variation of the holding current when Ib> Icm. To do this, it compares the successive duty cycles when N is lower than Nc (Ib> Icm) and considers that there is untimely displacement of the mobile core when the duty cycle N being less than Nc for at least two successive cycles, this duty cycle is decreasing. This indeed means that the current is both increasing and greater than the Icm setpoint for more than one chopping period. As before, it then commands the transition to the call phase.
  • the detection of an inadvertent displacement of the mobile core during a holding phase is linked to monitoring the current in the coil during a holding and detecting such a movement causes the transition to the call phase.

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  • Control Of Linear Motors (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Anordnung mit einer Betätigungseinrichtung und einem Elektromagneten, welche Anordnung einen beweglichen Kern (6) umfaßt mit mindestens einer Schaltphase, in der der Elektromagnet mit einem Schaltbefehl beaufschlagt wird, und einer Haltephase, in der er mit einem, im Vergleich zum Schaltstrom niedrigeren Haltestrom beaufschlagt wird, und mindestens eine Spule (1) umfaßt, die in Reihe mit einem elektronischen Schalter (T1) an die Klemmen einer Versorgungsspannung (Va) angeschlossen ist, sowie Meßmittel zur Messung des in der Spule fließenden Stroms (Ib) und Steuermittel (2) zur Betätigung des Elektromagneten umfaßt, die mit den Strommeßmitteln (Ib) sowie einer Steuerelektrode des elektronischen Schalters (T1) verbunden sind und Regelmittel zur Regelung des in der Spule fließenden Stroms auf einen festgelegten Sollwert (Icm) in der Haltephase umfassen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuermittel Detektionsmittel umfassen, um während einer Haltephase eine unbeabsichtigte Verschiebung des beweglichen Kerns (6) des Elektromagneten in Abhängigkeit von dem in der Spule (1) fließenden Strom (Ib) zu detektieren, wenn der genannte Strom während der Haltephase über dem Sollwert (Icm) liegt, sowie Steuermittel umfassen, die bei Detektion einer unbeabsichtigten Verschiebung eine Umschaltung in die Schaltphase veranlassen.
  2. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Detektionsmittel Mittel zur Detektion der Änderungsrichtung des in der Spule fließenden Stroms (Ib) umfassen, wobei eine unbeabsichtigte Verschiebung als detektiert gilt, wenn in der Haltephase der Strom (Ib) über dem Sollwert (Icm) liegt und gleichzeitig ansteigt.
  3. Anordnung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel zur Detektion der Änderungsrichtung des Stroms (Ib) Mittel zur Bestimmung einer Größe (ΔIb) umfassen, welche die Stromänderung in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit abbildet, wobei eine unbeabsichtigte Verschiebung als detektiert gilt, wenn in der Haltephase der Strom (Ib) über dem Sollwert (Icm) liegt und die genannte Größe positiv ist.
  4. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine unbeabsichtigte Verschiebung durch die Detektionsmittel detektiert wird, wenn der Strom (Ib) in der Haltephase während einer festgelegten Zeitdauer über dem Sollwert (Icm) liegt.
  5. Anordnung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Strommeßmittel Mittel zur Abtastung des Stroms mit einer bestimmten Abtastperiodendauer (Te) umfassen, und daß eine unbeabsichtigte Verschiebung detektiert wird, wenn während der Haltephase zwei aufeinanderfolgende Abtastwerte (Ibi) des Stroms über dem Sollwert (Icm) liegen.
  6. Anordnung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine unbeabsichtigte Verschiebung detektiert wird, wenn während der Haltephase mehr als vier aufeinanderfolgende Abtastwerte des Stroms über dem Sollwert (Icm) liegen.
  7. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abtastperiodendauer (Te) im Bereich von einigen hundertstel Mikrosekunden liegt.
  8. Anordnung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1, 2 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Regelmittel die Durchschaltung des elektronischen Schalters (T1) mit einer festen Zerhackungs-Periodendauer und einem, von der Differenz zwischen dem Wert des in der Spule fließenden Stroms (Ib) und dem Sollwert (Icm) abhängigen, variablen Tastverhältnis (N) steuern und die Detektionsmittel in jeder Zerhackungsperiode das Tastverhältnis (N) mit einem Solltastverhältnis (Nc) vergleichen.
  9. Anordnung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine unbeabsichtigte Verschiebung als detektiert gilt, wenn während einer Haltephase das Tastverhältnis (N) über mindestens zwei aufeinanderfolgende Zerhackungsperioden kleiner ist als das Solltastverhältnis (Nc).
  10. Anordnung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine unbeabsichtigte Verschiebung als detektiert gilt, wenn während einer Haltephase das Tastverhältnis (N) abnimmt und gleichzeitig über mindestens zwei aufeinanderfolgende Zerhackungsperioden kleiner ist als das Solltastverhältnis (Nc).
EP99410161A 1998-12-07 1999-11-16 Einrichtung zur Steuerung eines Elektromagneten, mit Erfassung von unbeabsichtigtem Bewegen des beweglichen Kerns eines Elektromagneten Expired - Lifetime EP1009004B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9815554A FR2786915B1 (fr) 1998-12-07 1998-12-07 Dispositif de commande d'un electro-aimant, avec detection d'un deplacement intempestif du noyau mobile de l'electro-aimant
FR9815554 1998-12-07

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EP1009004A1 EP1009004A1 (de) 2000-06-14
EP1009004B1 true EP1009004B1 (de) 2004-01-07

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US (1) US6317308B1 (de)
EP (1) EP1009004B1 (de)
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FR2919421B1 (fr) 2007-07-23 2018-02-16 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Actionneur electromagnetique a au moins deux bobinages
FR2940509B1 (fr) * 2008-12-19 2010-12-10 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Appareil electrique interrupteur a fonctionnement optimise
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FR2969368B1 (fr) 2010-12-17 2012-12-28 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Actionneur electromagnetique a au moins deux bobines
JP6077511B2 (ja) * 2014-10-03 2017-02-08 株式会社鷺宮製作所 電磁弁駆動制御装置、および、電磁弁駆動制御装置を備えた電磁弁
US20170149379A1 (en) * 2015-11-20 2017-05-25 Enphase Energy, Inc. Interconnect device for use in islanding a microgrid
FR3055736B1 (fr) * 2016-09-02 2018-09-28 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Procede de commande d'un dispositif d'actionnement, dispositif d'actionnement et appareil de commutation associes
DE102017102637A1 (de) 2017-02-10 2018-08-16 Pilz Gmbh & Co. Kg Schaltungsanordnung zum Betreiben mindestens eines Relais
CN110767502B (zh) * 2018-07-27 2021-10-08 施耐德电气工业公司 用于调节线圈的电流的方法、控制器和系统
CN113012981B (zh) * 2019-12-20 2024-06-25 施耐德电气工业公司 接触器及其控制设备和控制方法

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JP2527041B2 (ja) * 1989-07-31 1996-08-21 日本電気株式会社 電源回路
US5539608A (en) * 1993-02-25 1996-07-23 Eaton Corporation Electronic interlock for electromagnetic contactor
JPH09162031A (ja) * 1995-12-13 1997-06-20 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd パルス幅変調方式の電流制御装置及びその電流制御方法

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FR2786915A1 (fr) 2000-06-09
EP1009004A1 (de) 2000-06-14
DE69914053T2 (de) 2004-10-14
FR2786915B1 (fr) 2001-01-12
DE69914053D1 (de) 2004-02-12
US6317308B1 (en) 2001-11-13

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