Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
  • G06T3/00—Geometric image transformations in the plane of the image
  • G06T3/02—Affine transformations
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
  • B41F13/00—Common details of rotary presses or machines
  • B41F13/08—Cylinders
  • B41F13/10—Forme cylinders
  • B41F13/12—Registering devices
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
  • B41F17/00—Printing apparatus or machines of special types or for particular purposes, not otherwise provided for
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
  • B41M1/00—Inking and printing with a printer's forme
  • B41M1/14—Multicolour printing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
  • B41M1/00—Inking and printing with a printer's forme
  • B41M1/40—Printing on bodies of particular shapes, e.g. golf balls, candles, wine corks
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
  • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
  • B41M3/003—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns on optical devices, e.g. lens elements; for the production of optical devices
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
  • B41M1/00—Inking and printing with a printer's forme
  • B41M1/26—Printing on other surfaces than ordinary paper
  • B41M1/34—Printing on other surfaces than ordinary paper on glass or ceramic surfaces

Definitions

• This invention relates to printing processes involving lenticular lens material and, more particularly, to such a printing process in which a thin sheet lenticular lens material is used and in which high quality printing, with desired optical effects, is achieved.
• Lenticular lenses are known and used in the printing industry primarily in the printing of advertising and promotional materials, packaging labels, hang tags for merchandise, product tags, and security labels.
• a preliminary step in a printing process includes selecting segments from two or more visual images used to create a desired visual effect and interlacing these segments. The interlaced segments are then mapped to a selected lenticular lens material in a prepress operation, so when the segments are printed on the material the final result exhibits a desired visual effect such as zoom-in, zoom-out, stereoscopic or 3-dimensional, and movement.
• the lenticular lens material used in this printing process includes a transparent web which is flat on one side with a plurality of lenticules being formed on the other side.
• the mapped images are printed directly onto the flat side of the lens material.
• the lenticules comprise convex lenses formed in a side-by-side arrangement with the lenticules extending parallel to each other the length of the web.
• Different lens materials have a different number of lenticules per inch (LPI) with the particular LPI selected depending upon the particular application.
• the major cost component in a lenticular printing operation is the lens material.
• the lens material has typically been between 20-25 mils thick and the material cost has represented 50-75% of the total cost of a printing project. It is therefor beneficial to try to reduce the cost of the lenticular lens material, if this can be done without sacrificing the quality of the printed product.
• One way of reducing cost is to decrease the thickness of the lens material. However, doing so creates significant problems which must be overcome to produce a quality product. For example, even though sheet thickness is reduced, the LPI of the material is actually increased. This means that the width of each lenticule is narrower which, in turn, reduces the margin of error which is acceptable during printing.
• the quality of the printing operation has been found to be best controlled by meticulously controlling the alignment of the film, printing plates, and lens material prior to the start of printing.
• Th e printing process of the present invention overcome the numerous problems which must be addressed during press set-up and the subsequent printing operation so the result is a printed sheet of lenticular lens material which has the clarity and color delineation required to produce the visual effects desired by the customer.
• a lenticular printing process employing a lenticular lens material substantially thinner than conventional lens materials, but which provides superior visual qualities for materials printed using the lens.
• the optical effects produced using the thin lens material with the process of the present invention are comparable to, if not significantly better than, those achievable using lenticular lens material of a conventional thickness, but achievable at substantially less cost.
• Another object of the invention is a printing process in which alignment and registration of the colors to be printed are done not only to each other prior to printing, but also to the lens material. That is, during press set-up, the film negative for each of the four process colors (black, cyan, magenta, and yellow) are registered to one another; and in addition, to the focal points of the lenticules in the lens material.
• total deviation from perfect registration can be controlled to less than one-half of one lenticule; this despite the fact that the width of the lenticules are substantially less than that of lenticules on conventional lens materials.
• Another object of the invention is a printing method in which perfect squareness of the film to the printing plates and printing plates to the lens material is achieved. That is, the film is first stripped so the negatives are perfectly square or in registry with each other. The printing plates are next adjusted and mounted to be perfectly square. Finally, the lens material is set-up to be and is maintained perfectly square through the printing process. Apparatus used in the set-up portion of the process is provided to achieve an exacting level of alignment and dot pattern registration throughout the printing process.
• a still further object of the invention is a printing process by which substantially more phases (interlaced segments subtended by a lenticule) are accommodated than has previously been possible. Up to fifty percent more phases are acceptable with the thin lens material used in the process despite the fact the material is only between one-half and three- quarters the thickness of conventional materials and has substantially more lenticules per inch.
• Yet another object of the invention is a printing process usable with different types of printing processes such as flexographic and lithographic printing, to produce an acceptable lenticular product regardless of the process employed.
• the process of the present invention, and the associated apparatus reduces the cost of a printing job by insuring that precision alignment and color registration is made between the film, plate and lens material prior to the start of a printing operation. This reduces the amount of film otherwise wasted during set-up as well as the run time for the job. Further, by acclimatizing the film to the press both before and during a run, effects of temperature, humidity, and pressure are also minimized.
• a lenticular lens material used in a printing process comprises a web of transparent material of a predetermined thickness, this thickness being between one-half and three-quarters the thickness of conventional lenticular lens materials.
• a prepress operation interlaced image segments which produce a desired visual effect in a final printed product are mapped to the selected lens material.
• the film negatives are aligned with each other and the focal points of the lenticules on the lens material so the color dot patterns which are to be printed on the lens material properly register with each other. This is done both for the film negatives for each image color, and the printing plates made from the negatives.
• the negatives, plates, and lens material are adjusted, as necessary, at each stage prior to an actual print run.
• a special grid is used with the negatives and the plates installed on the press for this purpose, and registration control marks (combs) printed on the material by each color plate are used for final adjustment.
• the lens material Prior to beginning of a printing process, the lens material is acclimatized to the press to insure that the temperature level of sheets of lenticular lens material run through the press have a temperature corresponding to that of the impression and transfer cylinders used in the press.
• the selected lens material is run in lot, cylinder ID, and skid number sequence.
• Fig. 1 is a simplified representation of a printing press for printing interlaced image segments on a sheet of lenticular lens material to produce a desired visual effect;
• Fig. 2 is a plan view of the lenticule side of a sheet of lenticular lens material showing an alignment guide formed on the sheet along one side of the sheet;
• Figs. 3A-3C are elevational views of sheets of lenticular lens material wherein Fig. 3A illustrates a prior art material, and Figs. 3B and 3C respective thin lens materials usable in the process of the present invention;
• Fig. 4 is a simplified illustration of how a composite image to be printed on the lenticular material is derived by interlacing image segments taken from selected images;
• Fig. 5 is a plan view of an alignment grid used with the respective negatives for the colors to be printed and the lens material used in the printing;
• Fig. 6 illustrates a light table on which a negative or the lens material is placed and over which the alignment grid is set in order to align the negatives and the lens material with each other;
• Figs. 7 represents a printing press roller with the alignment grid placed over a negative attached to the roller by a pin system thereof for aligning the negative when mounted on the roller,
• Fig. 8 is a partial plan view of a negative for a selected (black) color used in printing with a series of registration control marks (combs) formed at intervals along the margins of the film for alignment and registration purposes;
• Fig. 9 illustrates combs formed on each of the other color negatives and the registry of these combs to the comb formed from printing the selected color
• Figs. 10A-10C illustrate how the combs are used to check alignment of the plates used to print the other colors to the plate used to print the selected color
• Figs. 11A and 11B illustrate printing on a sheet of lenticular material wherein Fig. 11 A is a side elevational view of a portion of a printing press and Fig. 1 IB is a top plan view thereof;
• Fig. 12 is a plan view of a printed sheet of lenticular illustrating a portion of the registration system of the present invention
• Fig. 13 is an enlarged view of the section 13-13 in Fig. 12 illustrating a portion of a baseline color registration pattern printed on the lenticular material;
• Figs. 14A-14D are respective illustrations indicating registry of a print color to registration bars printed on the material wherein Fig. 14A illustrates proper registration of a color to the baseline, and Figs. 14B-14D illustrate various patterns which occur when the colors are not in registry; and,
• Fig. 15 is a simplified representation of the registration system
• a printing press indicated generally 10 in Fig. 1 is used to print a web 12 of lenticular lens material fed into the press from one end thereof.
• the lenticular lens material has a plurality of lenticules 14 formed on one side of the material and extending lengthwise of the material. The other side 16 of the web is flat.
• the images printed on the lenticular material are printed on the flat side of the material and viewed through the lenticules 14.
• segments are selected from plurality of images.
• segments S are selected from images I A - I B .
• the segments are then interlaced together to form a composite image I c having segments (or phases) S,-S n .
• the sequence of segments is repeatable across the composite image; or, the sequence has only a single repetition.
• the composite image is then mapped to a chosen sheet of lenticular material in a prepress operation. Color separation is performed as part of the prepress operation and a separate negative is made for each of the four basic colors (black, yellow, cyan, magenta) used in a printing operation. If special colors are employed, a separate negative is produced for each of those colors as well. Printing plates 18 are burned from the negatives and the plates are fitted to rollers 20 at appropriate stations on the press for a separate color to be printed at each station.
• a blanket roller 22 rotates with roller 20, and as the rollers rotate, an edge E of web 12 is gripped by the rollers for the web of lenticular material to be "pulled” through the printer.
• dots D see Fig. 8 of the color associated with that print station is printed on flat side 16 of the web.
• the printed web of material is cut into sheets of a desired length and width and these sheets are used in producing the final product.
• a “flip” represents an abrupt change from one viewed image to another, different image.
• "3-D” effects produce an illusion of depth for an object being viewed.
• Full motion video produces a sense of movement of an object being viewed as the viewing angle changes.
• "Morphing” produces an illusion of a metamorphosis (transition) from one image to another as the viewing angle changes. Zooming presents a size change in an object being viewed, the object appearing to move either closer to, or away from, the viewer.
• a web 12 of lenticular lens material is substantially t iinner than a web of conventional lens material; e.g., from approximately three-quarters (Fig. 3B) to one-half (Fig. 3C) of the thickness.
• conventional lens material is approximately 20- 25 mils thick (Fig. 3 A)
• web 12 is approximately 17 mils thick (Fig. 3B) to 10 mils thick (Fig. 3C).
• web 12 has a substantially higher LPI than conventional lens materials.
• the conventional lens material of Fig. 3 A has, for example, a LPI of 45
• the web 12 shown in Fig. 3B has a LPI of approximately 80
• each lens 14 has a width of approximately 5 mils. It is a feature of the present invention that the maximum allowable deviation for the entire process is one-half lenticule (2'A mils); but with the process of the present invention, the actual deviation is substantially less than this.
• a significant advantage with using the thin lens material, besides a lower material cost, is the ability to enhance the visual effects produced with the material. With conventional lens materials, the maximum number of phases or interlaced image segments printed subtended by one lenticule is 18. With the thin lens lenticular material described herein, the number of phases can be increased to between 28-32. This allows the product designer more flexibility in the effects he or she wants to achieve.
• the resulting proofs and press film are inspected to determine the correctness of the lenticular animation medium. Overall color correctness and balance are also verified at this time, and the film is checked for scratches and pin holes. Assuming that after these checks, everything is acceptable, a selected reference negative, for example, black negative B (see Fig. 5) is placed on a stripping table and each of the other color negatives C, Y, and M is placed, one at a time, over black negative B. For each of these negatives, the color's fit to black is checked. This is done using register control marks and flash bands incorporated on the film.
• black negative B black negative B
• a strip of the selected lenticular lens material 12 is also registered to this negative. This further check insures that all of the elements used in printing the final product register with each other and that there are no inconsistencies in this regard.
• the lenticular lens material used in the printing process has an alignment reference or guide formed on the material itself. As shown on the left side of the strip in Fig. 2, the strip is formed with one of the lenticules missing so to form a flat surface segment 26.
• the position of the alignment guide is, for example, 3/4" in from the left side of the strip and is used in aligning the lenticular material with both the negatives and the printing plates.
• Segment 26 extends along the one side of the lens material, but outside the area of printing on the flat side 16 of the material, so provision of the alignment segment does not effect the results of the printing operation.
• areas on the flat surface of the lens material on which image I c is printed are indicated generally P. After printing is completed, the lens material, as noted above, is cut into individual sheets on each of which image I c is printed, and at that time the section of lenticular material having the alignment segment is trimmed away and discarded.
• each negative is separately placed on a light table 28, emulsion side up.
• a film grid 30 is placed over the negative and any air pockets between the two pieces of film are pressed out so the negative and film grid are in direct contact with each other over their facing surfaces.
• Grid 30 is formed on a rectangular strip of film and comprises spaced grid lines 32 extending parallel to each other across the film and extending lengthwise of the film. The spacing between these grid lines corresponds to the width of two lenticules (measured from focal point to focal point) on the lenticular lens material 12 being used. With grid 30 in place, the pattern of dots D should appear between adjacent grid lines and this pattern is examined for consistency from side-to-side and along the entire length of the negative. If inconsistencies are found, the film is replaced. It will be understood that a different grid 30 is used with each different lens material depending upon the LPI of the material.
• each of the negatives are mounted on their respective rollers 20 and stripped to be both straight and square to gripper edge register pins 32 on roller 20.
• the grid 30 is also used in this procedure, again to insure that each negative is properly aligned. This is done by placing grid 30 over the respective negative, as it is installed on the roller, and adjusting the negative as necessary until proper straightness and squareness are achieved. Once the negatives are properly registered on the rollers, the plates 18 made from the respective negatives are mounted on the rollers 20 and the registration process is repeated, again using grid 30.
• a register control mark 40 comprises a comb printed along the sides and ends of the sheet at spaced intervals. That is, each comb comprises a printed line 42 printed along each side and end of each sheet and spaced outwardly from the interlaced material printed on each sheet.
• the lines printed along the respective sides of each sheet extend parallel to the longitudinal axis of the web of material, and a series of spaced lines 44 extend inwardly from line 42 orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the web. With respect to the lines printed on the ends of each sheet, the line orientation is reversed.
• the register control marks 40 printed along the sides of the sheet extend parallel to gripper edge E of the sheet. If the marks 40 do not register; that is, the marks 40 on one side of the sheet do not perfectly overlay the corresponding marks 40 on the opposite side of the sheet, the plate is adjusted and another length of material is printed and alignment is again checked.
• a separate comb 50 is printed on each sheet by the cyan color plate.
• a comb 52 is printed from the magenta plate, and a comb 54 from the yellow plate.
• Each comb is shorter in length than comb 40, and the combs printed by each of the cyan, magenta, and yellow plates subtends a separate section of registration control mark 40.
• comb 50 subtends one end portion of comb 40, comb 52 a middle portion, and comb 54 the other end portion.
• the comb marks of comb 50 are checked with respect to comb 40.
• Figs. 10A-10C indicate that there are six different alignment checks. In to out is checked, as shown in Fig. 10A, by determining if the inner end of the comb lines 56 touch the outer end of comb lines 42. If they do, then the colors align. If the ends of the respective lines are spaced apart from each other, or if they overlap, then an adjustment needs to be made. In Fig.
• each color is separately checked and if an adjustment is necessary, it is made for each separate plate.
• each color is now aligned and registered to the black.
• Another run is then made with all colors being printed and another check is made to verify that all the colors are now aligned and registered to the black. If they are not, further adjustments are made before the actual print run is commenced.
• a registration system 100 is shown in Fig. 15.
• the system maintains registration of the colors (C, Y, M,B) printed on a lenticular material 12 by the printing press 10 to produce the high quality printed images I c on the flat side 16 of the lenticular material 12.
• the printing press includes sets of rollers 22, 24, there again being a set of rollers for each color with which the image is printed.
• Each set of rollers has an associated printing plate (not shown) for printing that portion of the image associated with a particular color.
• a color registration pattern 112 is printed on the lenticular material together with the images. It will be understood that the image I c is repetitively printed on the lenticular material as the material passes through the press. As shown in Fig. 12, each printed image is spatially separated from the adjacent printed images, and at least one color registration pattern 112 is printed with each image. Preferably, a plurality of color registration patterns 112 are printed with each image. Again as shown in Fig. 12, each image I c is generally printed in the middle of the sheet of lenticular material and is centered about a longitudinal centerline L of the material. A plurality of color registration patterns 112 are printed along both sides of the image. In Fig.
• color registration pattern 112 includes a baseline pattern 114 to which one of the colors (black) with which the image is printed is registered. This baseline pattern is formed of a series of bars 116, 118 extending parallel to each other.
• the bars 118 which form the center of the pattern, are solid bars extending the length of the pattern.
• the bars 116 which are formed to either side of the center bars 118, comprise a plurality of bar segments 116a, 116b, 116c. These segments are spaced apart from, and axially align with, each other. While four bars 116 are shown each side of three bars 118 in Fig. 3, the number of each of the bars is exemplary only, and there may be more or fewer bars of either type without departing from the scope of the invention.
• Baseline pattern 114 has a plurality of locations 120, 122, 124, 126 at each of which one of the other colors used in printing the image is also printed for checking the registration of that color to each of the baseline to determine if the dots D (see Fig. 12) of that color printed on the lenticular material to form image I c are in registry.
• Each of the other colors used in printing image I c are printed as a series of bars 128 (see Figs. 14A-14D) interspaced between adjacent bar segments of the baseline pattern. That is, as shown in Fig. 15, the bars 128 are printed in one of the interspatial areas 120-126.
• the series of color bars 128 align with the bar segments forming the baseline pattern if the colors are in registry, each set of bars 128 being printed in the same color as are the dots printed on the lenticular material to form image IC. This is as shown in Fig. 14A.
• Figs. 14B-14D now indicate there are six different alignment checks made to see if there is still the proper registration. In to out is checked, as shown in Fig.
• the respective sets of rollers are adjustable, based upon the bar 128 pattern viewed by an observer to adjust the rollers in the appropriate direction to bring the color back into proper registration.
• Each color used in the printing process has appropriate bars 128 printed in one of the spaces 120-126.
• Each color bar pattern is separately checked against the baseline pattern to determine what adjustments, if any, to its associated set of rollers needs to be made.
• System 110 includes an imaging means 130 for obtaining an image of printed pattern 114, as the lenticular material with the printed image is drawn through press 10, and a monitor 132 for displaying the printed pattern.
• the displayed pattern is viewable by an operator O who can determine from the displayed printed pattern as to whether the printed colors are properly registering with each other, or whether they are not.
• both baseline pattern 114 and the series of bars 128 for the different colors are displayed. The observer viewing the monitor is thus able to determine if the bars 128 for each color align as shown in Fig. 14A, or whether there is a misalignment as shown in Figs. 14B-14D. It will be understood that the bars 128 may exhibit more than one type of misalignment so what is viewed on monitor 132 may be a composite of what is shown in Figs. 14B-14D.
• Display means 130 in addition to monitor 132, includes means 134 for magnifying the printed pattern to make the pattern image more readily viewable by the operator.
• Means 134 can be a magnification device such a lens which has a 30X or 40X range of magnification.
• a video camera 136 views the passing images through the lens and provides the magnified image to an image processor 138.
• the image processor is responsive to an unmagnified image captured by the camera to provide the magnification.
• the image processor filters out distortions, and significantly enhances the viewed image so what is displayed on monitor 134 is a sharp, clear image of the baseline pattern and the color bars for the respective colors.
• Monitor 134 is a color monitor so the colors for the baseline pattern and each printed color are readily determinable.
• imaging means 130 further includes a strobe 140 which projects a beam of light onto printed material passing beneath the camera.
• Strobe 140 projects light at a frequency controllable to match the speed of the press. This, in turn, causes the patterns 114 printed with the image to be isolated by the beam of light illuminating them so the pattern appears to be stationary when viewed by the camera; even though the patterns are passing beneath the camera at a high rate of speed.
• registration system 110 includes a control means 142 operable by the press operator to dynamically adjust the printing of any color determined not to be in registry with the other printed colors so that color can be brought back into registry with the others.
• the printing press includes a hydraulic system 144 or the like by which each set of rollers 22, 24 can be moved.
• the operator has a control panel 146 with appropriate controls 148 which are operable to adjust the position of the rollers (and hence the printing plate used with the rollers) relative to the lenticular material passing through the set of rollers so to adjust the alignment of the series of bars 128 printed for a color with the bar segments 116 of baseline pattern 114 and bring the color into registry.
• One step is that all the lens material used in the printing job is used in lot and skid number sequence.
• the lenticular material 12 is carried on a pallet 60.
• Each pallet includes a label or tag 62 which includes both the lot and skid number for the material on the pallet.
• the lenticular material is made as a continuous web which is then cut to size for each pallet.
• any imperfection which may be in the lens material will require greater adjustment to maintain alignment and registry of the colors being printed than if the skids are used in their proper sequence. Further, use of the skids in the proper sequence allows the printer to generally know in which direction an adjustment will need to be made in going from one skid to the next. Using the skids in a random sequence may, on the other hand, require an adjustment in one direction for one skid, the opposite direction for the next skid, and so forth. This increases both the time and cost of a print job and tends to lower the overall quality of the result.
• the printing area be environmentally controlled.
• pallets of lenticular material are stored in one area, and printed in another.
• the temperature and humidity in one locale can be significantly different from the other.
• the pliability of the lens material decreases and the material contracts in size.
• the material becomes more pliable as it gets warmer and the material tends to expand in size.
• Humidity and area lighting also effect the physical properties of the material.
• skids which are kept in a storage area, it is important that they be moved into the staging area sufficiently in advance of their use that the material temperature has stabilized within the desired range throughout the pallet before the material is used for printing.
• What has been described is a lenticular printing process employing a lenticular lens material substantially thinner than conventional lens materials, but which provides superior visual qualities for images printed on the lens material.
• Optical effects produced using the lens material and process of the present invention also produce the desired visual effects achieved at substantially less cost.
• the alignment and color registration process of the invention insures that all of the colors are matched to each other and the lens material so to provide superior results in the final printed product.
• the resulting images have a sharpness and clarity not obtainable with conventional lenticular processes.
• Total deviation from perfect registration can be controlled to less than one-half of one lenticule, even though the lens material is 50-75% as thick as conventional material and the lenticule width is on the order of 5 mils.
• the printing setup process described herein can be used with flexographic and lithographic printing processes with a significant reduction in the cost of a printing job not only because the material costs are reduced but also because the time spent to properly setup the press for printing reduces subsequent down time for adjustments and material waste. Also, by acclimatizing the film to the press both before and during a run, effects of temperature, humidity, and pressure are minimized. Also, use of the lenticular lens material in a proper sequence minimizes the effects of variations from one portion of a lot to the next. In view of the foregoing, it will be seen that the several objects of the invention are achieved and other advantageous results are obtained.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
• Stereoscopic And Panoramic Photography (AREA)
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• Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)

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• 1999
  • 1999-05-19 WO PCT/US1999/011098 patent/WO1999059820A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-05-19 EP EP99924370A patent/EP1007360A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1999-05-19 JP JP2000549465A patent/JP2002515616A/ja active Pending
  • 1999-05-19 CN CN99801008.1A patent/CN1272817A/zh active Pending
  • 1999-05-19 CA CA002297099A patent/CA2297099A1/en not_active Abandoned

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