EP1007159B1 - Pyrotechnical device and process for extinguishing fires - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a device for Explosive extinguishing of fires, with two side by side and across Direction of threat arranged flexible, at both ends closable hoses with a first and a second extinguishing agent are filled, and each with an explosive in or on the hoses, by their ignition an impulse is generated and the extinguishing agent becomes a mist atomized and set on fire. The invention also relates to a method for extinguishing fires with the device described.

Both such a device and such a method for extinguishing fires is, for example, from the DE 195 00 477 C1 known. The principle of demolition is based on the fact that the detonation of the explosive within or in the vicinity of a homogeneous medium in the form a very high pressure is built up for an extinguishing agent, whereby, for example, through the water in the hose A surge of compression is underway, which gives it an enormous impetus, it atomized into fine particles and from the center of the explosive charge hurls symmetrically into the environment. The advantage of There is atomization of a preferably aqueous extinguishing agent in the very large effective extinguishing agent surface in the ratio to the amount of extinguishing agent used.

The disadvantages of the device known from DE 195 00 477 C1 and the corresponding procedure are not in the satisfactory distribution of the extinguishing agent in the area of the explosive hose when detonating the explosive charge. It has been found that the extinguishing agent roughly evenly when using a single explosive hose on a vertical club and a left and a right Horizontal lobe distributed, at an angle of 45 ° to There was almost no extinguishing agent dispensed on the floor surface. The Dispensing extinguishing agent at a 45 ° angle is, however, to be achieved an effective throwing distance and optimal area coverage desirable.

The disadvantage of poor spray characteristics at a 45 ° angle to the floor surface also changes through use of two explosive hoses arranged in parallel next to each other Nothing. Only the height and volume of the Vertical lobes have been increased significantly.

The present invention addresses this problem, as the task of which it was viewed, both the one mentioned at the beginning and device known from DE 195 00 477 C1 Extinguishing fires as well as the corresponding procedure to develop in such a way that one directed towards the threat concentrated delivery of extinguishing agent with satisfactory Space penetration and surface coverage is possible.

To solve the problem, the device for Explosive extinguishing of fires of the type mentioned at the beginning According to the invention designed such that the pulse of the At least the first hose facing away from the danger point is twice as large as the impulse of the danger point facing second hose.

As is known, the impulse of a body means that Product of its mass and its speed. Further density is the ratio of the mass of a body to its volume. So the impulse is that of the extinguishing agent is given by the explosion, depending on the volume and the Density of the extinguishing agent and the size of the explosive charge, which ensures the speed of the extinguishing agent particles. The alignment of the extinguishing agent ejection towards the danger point as well as the desired throwing characteristics achieved that the product of mass and speed of the extinguishing agent of the first explosive hose, which of the Danger point viewed from behind the second explosive hose is a bigger impulse on the extinguishing agent of the second hose as this through your own Received explosive charge, resulting in a redirection the main mass of the extinguishing agent in the direction of the threat by impulse superposition.

The object underlying the invention is further achieved by a method adapted to the device according to the invention solved, in which it is essential that the explosives of the the first and the second hose are ignited simultaneously, to achieve the pulse overlay described above.

Both the device according to the invention and the method have a number of advantages that affect effectiveness increase significantly when extinguishing fires. On the one hand, there is an advantage in targeted ejection of the extinguishing agent itself, with which a more effective use of the Extinguishing agent used can take place. With the known The device and the corresponding method will Extinguishing media disadvantageously symmetrical on both sides of the detonating hose or hoses, and beyond the horizontal lobes of the extinguishing agent are so flat above the floor surface arranged that the effectiveness of the Extinguishing agent use is very unsatisfactory. Both According to embodiments of the invention, the extinguishing agent becomes asymmetrical in the direction of the danger point at an optimal angle to the ground surface, so that too an optimal distribution and throwing distance of the extinguishing agent is achieved. It can also be a further advantage by choosing one larger and a smaller explosive hose reached be that the delivered not in the direction of the danger point Extinguishing agent quantity is kept low.

Advantageous further developments of the device according to the invention are given in claims 2 to 5, and Process according to the invention in claims 7 and 8.

Experimental studies have shown that the ratio λ, which indicates the ratio of the pulse I _{1 of} the first hose to the pulse I _{2 of} the second hose and by the formula I. 1 I. 2 = λ = (i.e. 1 q 1 · Ρ 1 ) (i.e. 2 q 2 · Ρ 2 ) can be represented (d = hose diameter, q = amount of explosive, ρ = density of extinguishing agent), must be at least equal to 2 in order to achieve a satisfactory directional effect. In this respect, a first development of the device according to the invention provides that the pulse I ₁ emanating from the first hose is at least approximately twice as large as the pulse I ₂ emanating from the second hose.

It has already been explained above that the to Extinguishing agent released by detonating the explosive charge Impulse related to the present invention essentially is a function of the diameter of the hose in which the extinguishing agent is included, also the density ρ of the Extinguishing agent, and finally the size of the explosive charge by the amount of disintegrant q. Because for example Detonating cords, as they are preferably used here come, in Germany only in commercially available sizes of twelve, twenty, forty or one hundred g / m are available there is a need to optimize the use of extinguishing agents, the diameter of the hoses used, the size the explosive charge and the type of extinguishing agent used to coordinate with each other. The extinguishing agent can namely for example from pure water with the known density 1 consist of, or from a pre-expanded extinguishing agent with a much lower density.

Taking these findings into account, a further development of the device for extinguishing fires with a first explosive hose with a first diameter and a first extinguishing agent with a first density, and with a second explosive hose with a second diameter and a second extinguishing agent with a second density brings about the desired directional characteristic of the extinguishing agent ejection by the fact that the amount of explosive, the diameter and the density of the extinguishing agent of the first hose facing away from the danger point to the amount of explosive, the diameter and the extinguishing agent density of the second hose facing the danger point according to the formula q 1 q 2 ≈ 4 d 2 d 1 ) 2 · ρ 2 ρ 1 behavior. As a result, this development of the device according to the invention allows any size combinations of the two explosive hoses for certain extinguishing agent compositions for which the required amounts of disintegrant can be calculated in good approximation according to the formula given. The other way around, when using detonating cords in commercially available discrete sizes, i.e. with a given amount of explosive, the corresponding hose diameter can be determined taking into account the extinguishing agent composition. Finally, this further development makes it possible to fill a prefoamed extinguishing agent into an explosive hose instead of pure water, as a result of which the water requirement can be greatly reduced. This is particularly advantageous in inaccessible places, for example in the case of forest fires.

Preferably, the second facing the danger point Hose has a larger diameter than that of the danger point averted first hose. This training has to Background that the second hose, which is closer to the potential or existing source of fire, predominantly acts as the extinguishing agent supplier, while the other (first) Hose essentially acts as a pulse generator.

It has also been shown experimentally that it is sufficient if the second hose facing the danger point, the mainly acts as a supplier of extinguishing agent, with a smaller one Detonating cord is provided, which is essentially just the task has the second explosive hose at the same time as the ignition the detonating cord of the first hose. To that extent provides a development of the invention that The amount of explosive in the first hose is greater than that The amount of explosive in the second hose.

The first extinguishing agent is particularly preferably in the first hose of water, and the second extinguishing agent in the second hose a mixture of water and an extinguishing agent, so that the environmental impact and the costs of the Extinguishing agents can be kept as low as possible. The extinguishing agent additive can, for example, be a pure one Foaming agent or a so-called "retarder". Under a Retarders are understood to be either salts which penetrate into the pores of the penetrate burning material and therefore its outgassing prevent, or thickening gels, which are in Art a protective jacket on the burning material and thus to choke the fire.

In a further development of the method according to the invention, according to which the impulse emanating from the first hose must be greater than the impulse emanating from the second hose, provision is again made for the variables which essentially determine the impulse, namely the amount of explosive, the diameter and the density of the extinguishing agent the explosive hoses, according to the formula mentioned at the beginning q 1 q 2 ≈ 4 d 2 d 1 ) 2 · ρ 2 ρ 1 be dimensioned, and that the explosives of the first and the second hose (1, 2) are ignited simultaneously.

To use the extinguishing device or the application of the Preventive fire protection procedure for stationary systems it is preferably provided that the ignition of the explosive based on a signal from an early fire detection device he follows. Here are under the term "stationary plants" for example oil or gas tanks, refineries, Oil drilling or production facilities, storage rooms, airport take-offs and runways or aircraft parking areas, without this list being exhaustive. A device for early fire detection includes a sensor, with which the presence of a fire parameter such as smoke or the like at the earliest stage of the emergence of a Fire is detected and an alarm is triggered.

The following are two exemplary embodiments of the invention Device and the corresponding method based on a drawing explained in more detail.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Darstellung des Sprengbilds mit einem Einzelschlauch gemäß dem Stand der Technik;

Fig. 2

eine schematische Darstellung des Sprengbilds zweier nebeneinander liegender Sprengschläuche gemäß dem Stand der Technik;

Fig. 3

eine schematische Darstellung zweier Sprengschläuche zur Erläuterung des ersten erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsbeispiels;

Fig. 4

eine schematische Darstellung zweier Schläuche mit unterschiedlichen Durchmessern zur Erläuterung des zweiten erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsbeispiels; und

Fig. 5

eine schematische Darstellung des Sprengbilds gemäß dem zweiten erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsbeispiel.

Show it:

Fig. 1

a schematic representation of the explosive pattern with a single hose according to the prior art;

Fig. 2

is a schematic representation of the explosive pattern of two adjacent explosive hoses according to the prior art;

Fig. 3

is a schematic representation of two explosive hoses to explain the first embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 4

a schematic representation of two hoses with different diameters to explain the second embodiment of the invention; and

Fig. 5

is a schematic representation of the explosive pattern according to the second embodiment of the invention.

Figures 1 and 2 show schematically the explosive pictures at Use of a single explosive hose 1 and two in parallel side by side detonating hoses 1, 2 accordingly the state of the art. Both explosive pictures have in common that the distribution of the extinguishing agent is symmetrical to both Sides of the explosive hoses. It will a vertical lobe 6 and a left horizontal lobe 7 and one right horizontal lobe 8 formed. The horizontal lobes 7, 8 are arranged flat above the floor 9. Clearly is that in both explosives there is no supply of extinguishing agent at a 45 ° angle to floor 9. The only difference between the explosive pictures of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 in that the vertical lobe 6 when using two Detonating hoses 1, 2 is significantly higher and larger in volume, than when using a single hose according to FIG. 1.

The lack of extinguishing agent visible in both explosive pictures at a 45 ° angle to the floor 9 and the small spread of the Horizontal lobes 7, 8 have an ineffective and not satisfactory use of extinguishing agents. For a nationwide and wide extinguishing agent ejection in the direction of the threat 5 is a deflection of the main mass of the extinguishing agent in the An angle of 45 ° to the floor 9 is desirable.

3 shows a schematic illustration of two identical detonation hoses 1, 2 arranged in parallel and next to one another. The hoses are filled with an extinguishing agent and closed at both ends. An explosive 3, 4 in the form of a flexible detonating cord is arranged in each hose 1, 2. The detonating cords are connected in a manner not shown here to an ignition device with which the explosive charge is ignited, as a result of which the extinguishing agent is atomized into a mist and set on fire. In order to achieve a directed discharge of extinguishing agent during the detonation of the explosives, it is provided in this first embodiment of the device according to the invention that the amount of explosive q ₁ of the first hose 1 facing away from the danger point is greater than the amount of explosive q ₂ of the second hose 2 facing the danger point (with regard to FIGS. 3 and 4, the danger point is on the right). As a result, a greater impulse emanates from the first hose than from the second hose, which leads to the desired direction in the case of the impulse superimposition caused by the detonation of both hoses.

FIG. 4 shows a similar schematic illustration of two explosive hoses 1, 2 as in FIG. 3, the explosive hose 1 here having a smaller diameter than the explosive hose 2 to explain the second exemplary embodiment of the invention. Furthermore, the hose 1 contains a first extinguishing agent in the form of pure water, while the hose 2 contains a second extinguishing agent in the form of a pre-expanded mixture of water and an extinguishing agent additive. Here, too, both hoses 1, 2 are each equipped with a flexible detonating cord 3, 4, which extend through the entire length of the detonating hoses 1, 2. In this embodiment of the device according to the invention, that is to say in the case of explosive hoses with different diameters (d ₁ ≠ d ₂ ), the amount of explosive q ₁ , the diameter d ₁ and the density of extinguishing agent ρ ₁ of the first, facing away from the danger point (on the right in FIG. 4), behave Hose 1 to the amount of explosive q ₂ , to the diameter d ₂ and to the extinguishing agent density ρ ₂ of the second hose 2 facing the danger point according to the formula q 1 q 2 ≈ 4 d 2 d 1 ) 2 · ρ 2 ρ 1

With this formula, the ratio of the explosive charge / hose diameter / extinguishing agent density for the use of two explosive hoses 1, 2 arranged in parallel next to one another can be calculated with the aim of achieving a directed ejection of the extinguishing agent when the explosives are detonated. The following guide values are mentioned as an example of the configuration of the detonation hoses 1, 2 according to the above formula: d 1 = 14 cm; q 1 = 100 g / m; d 2 = 18 cm; q 2 = 12 g / m.

With these exemplary values, a reference is made to the danger point focused extinguishing agent ejection reached, if the Hose 1 is the one that faces away from the danger point and the hose 2 is the one which is the danger point is facing.

5 shows a schematic illustration of an explosive pattern, as can be achieved with the second embodiment of the invention is. In this example, it points from the danger point facing away from the first tube 1 a smaller diameter than the second hose facing the danger point 2. According to the above formula is the Hose 1 but with a much larger explosive charge equipped. The result in the explosive is a greatly enlarged, to the right against the threat direction 5 directed extinguishing agent lobe 8 by a pulse overlay the one thrown out of both explosive hoses 1, 2 Extinguishing agent is generated. The extinguishing agent leg 8 is a mixture of the vertical lobe 6 and the pure 2 and throws the main mass of the Extinguishing media to the right against the threat direction 5 out. In comparison, the left horizontal lobe 7 is small remained, which also on a very targeted and effective use of extinguishing agents.

The method according to the invention is now again based on the Fig. 5 explains.

The two flexible hoses 1, 2, which can be closed at both ends, of which the hose 1 has a first diameter d ₁ and the second hose 2 has a second diameter d ₂ , are laid out transversely to the threat direction and parallel to one another in front of a danger point, from which there is a fire threat in the direction of arrow 5. Then the tubes 1, 2 are each equipped with a flexible detonating cord 3, 4 and each filled with an extinguishing agent and closed at their ends. The detonating cords 3, 4 are connected to an ignition device in a manner not shown here. By detonating the detonating cords 3, 4, the extinguishing agents contained in the hoses 1, 2 are atomized into a mist and set on fire. By generating impulses of different sizes in the two hoses 1, 2, a targeted ejection of the extinguishing agent is achieved. In the explosive pattern shown in FIG. 5, the smaller hose 1 was equipped with a larger amount of explosive than the larger hose 2. Finally, the detonating cords of the first and the second hose 1, 2 were ignited at the same time, so that a pulse superimposition took place.

Claims (8)

1. Pyrotechnical device for extinguishing fires, comprising two flexible hoses (1, 2) arranged side by side and transversally to the direction of danger (5) and being designed so that both ends can be closed, which are filled with a first and a second extinguishing agent, each comprising an explosive (3, 4) in or on each of the hoses (1, 2) filled with the extinguishing agents by the ignition of which an impulse (I₁, I₂) is generated causing the extinguishing agent to be sprayed in form of a mist and directed into the fire,
   characterized in that
   the impulse (I₁) from the first hose (1) facing away from the danger zone is at least twice as large as the impulse (I₂) from the second hose (2) facing the danger zone.
2. Device according to claim 1, comprising a first flexible hose (1) capable of being closed at both ends with a first diameter (d₁) for receiving a first extinguishing agent and comprising a second flexible hose (2) capable of being closed at both ends with a second diameter (d₂) for receiving a second extinguishing agent,
   characterized in that the quantity of the explosive (q₁), the diameter (d₁) and the density of the extinguishing agent

   (ρ₁) of the first hose (1) facing away from the danger zone behave relative to the quantity of the explosive (q₂), the diameter (d₂) and the density of the extinguishing agent

   (ρ₂) of the second hose (2) facing the danger zone according to the formula

   
3. Device according to one of claims 1 or 2,
   characterized in that the second hose (2) facing the danger zone has a larger diameter (d₂) than the first hose (1) facing away from the danger zone.
4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3,
   characterized in that the quantity of the explosive (q₁) of the first hose (1) is larger than the quantity of the explosive (q₂) of the second hose (2).
5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3,
   characterized in that the first extinguishing agent is water and the second extinguishing agent is a water/retarder mixture or a water/foam mixture.
6. Pyrotechnical method for extinguishing fires, wherein two flexible hoses (1, 2) capable of being closed at both ends are disposed transversally to the direction of danger in front of a danger zone, are each equipped with an explosive (3, 4) and are each filled with an extinguishing agent, and wherein the ignition of the explosives (3, 4) generates an impulse (I₁, I₂) causing the extinguishing agents to be sprayed in form of a mist and directed into the fire,
   characterized in that by means of correspondingly dimensioning the quantity of the explosive (q₁), the diameter (d₁) and the density of the extinguishing agent (ρ₁) of the first hose (1) and the quantity of the explosive (q₂), the diameter (d₂) and the density of the extinguishing agent (ρ₂) of the second hose (2) an impulse (I₁) in the first hose (1) facing away from the danger zone larger than the impulse (I₂) in the second hose (2) facing the danger zone is generated, and in that the explosives of the first and the second hoses (1, 2) are ignited simultaneously.
7. Method according to claim 6, wherein a first flexible hose (1) capable of being closed at both ends with a first diameter (d₁) and a second flexible hose (2) capable of being closed at both ends with a second diameter (d₂) are disposed transversally to the direction of danger in front of a danger zone, are each equipped with an explosive (3, 4) and are filled with a first extinguishing agent or respectively with a second extinguishing agent,
   characterized in that the quantity of the explosive (q₁), the first diameter (d₁) and the density of the extinguishing agent (ρ₁) of the first hose (1) facing away from the danger zone and the quantity of the explosive (q₂), the second diameter (d₂) and the density of the extinguishing agent (ρ₂) of the second hose (2) facing the danger zone are dimensioned according to the formula

   

   and that the explosives of the first and the second hoses (1, 2) are ignited simultaneously.
8. Method according to claim 6 or 7 serving for the preventative fire protection in stationary installations,
   characterized in that the ignition of the explosives (3, 4) is effected by a signal from a device for the earliest detection of a fire.

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