EP1005279B1 - Schmuckkette bestehend aus kugelförmigen aufeinander folgenden elemente - Google Patents

Schmuckkette bestehend aus kugelförmigen aufeinander folgenden elemente Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1005279B1
EP1005279B1 EP99957004A EP99957004A EP1005279B1 EP 1005279 B1 EP1005279 B1 EP 1005279B1 EP 99957004 A EP99957004 A EP 99957004A EP 99957004 A EP99957004 A EP 99957004A EP 1005279 B1 EP1005279 B1 EP 1005279B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insert
fact
chain according
link member
hollow body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99957004A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1005279A1 (de
Inventor
Luis Gomez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cartier International BV
Original Assignee
Cartier International BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cartier International BV filed Critical Cartier International BV
Publication of EP1005279A1 publication Critical patent/EP1005279A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1005279B1 publication Critical patent/EP1005279B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
    • A44C11/00—Watch chains; Ornamental chains
    • A44C11/007—Tennis type
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
    • A44C11/00—Watch chains; Ornamental chains
    • A44C11/002—Ornamental chains composed of pearls
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
    • A44C17/00—Gems or the like
    • A44C17/04—Setting gems in jewellery; Setting-tools

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an ornamental chain composed of elements successive ones each having a spherical general shape for example.
  • French patent FR-1 237 084 discloses a pearl necklace each of which bead comprises an insert, elastically deformable, having a flange for to retain the head of a connecting member connected to an adjacent bead.
  • This patch is in the form of a split sleeve longitudinally. When setting up the head of the connecting member, the sleeve can deform elastically.
  • Such a necklace pearls does not offer complete satisfaction.
  • the patch can be difficult to achieve in some cases because the rim tends to oppose its deformation elastic. There is also a risk of bead detachment in case of strong traction accidentally exerted on the collar.
  • the present invention relates to an ornamental chain in which one to less successive elements that compose it comprises a hollow body inside which a shaped insert is fixed to retain a connecting member connected to an adjacent element of the chain, this insert being constituted by at least one sleeve.
  • the sleeve has a sufficiently wide slot to allow the passage of the body of the connecting member.
  • each element of the chain as defined above is not in direct contact with the liaison body.
  • the invention also allows a wide variety of embodiments of this hollow body.
  • the setting of a gemstone on the element is further facilitated since the hollow body may be shaped to receive a specific support piece.
  • the hollow body is spherical and it is advantageously made by bar turning. which makes it possible to obtain a particular surface appearance aesthetic.
  • the insert is fixed in a through hole the hollow body.
  • the insert may be retained by interference fit within the hollow body.
  • the insert may have no elastic elasticity towards the outside.
  • the hollow body preferably comprises a blind hole with an axis perpendicular to that of the insert for receiving a support piece of this stone.
  • Another object of the invention is to use the aforesaid support piece for improve the maintenance of an insert for retaining a connecting member in the hollow body of an element of the chain.
  • this support piece has a fork shaped to engage astride the insert, which advantageously has a narrowing of its outer section. This support piece can thus participate in maintaining of the insert in the hollow body of the element.
  • the insert and the connecting member are shaped so that the latter is retained in the insert with a possibility of rotation around it of the axis of the insert.
  • the insert and the connecting member are shaped such that so that the latter is retained in the insert with a possibility of displacement along the axis of the insert.
  • the connecting member comprises an enlarged head at its end retained in the insert and the latter has a narrowing of its inner section.
  • the insert is constituted by two longitudinally split sleeves and having each a narrowing of its inner section. These sleeves are advantageously shaped to fit one into the other.
  • the liaison body may consist of a pion with two heads, whose length is between 2 and 20 mm for example.
  • the connecting member is mounted in the insert with a possibility of pivoting along an axis of articulation perpendicular to the axis of the insert.
  • the connecting member has a body of cross section rectangle, long sides perpendicular to the aforementioned axis of articulation and provided with two holes at its ends, each for the passage of an ankle.
  • each peg is engaged by its ends in holes made on the insert. which can be monobloc.
  • the insert has at its axial ends spherical surfaces for example, lying in the extension of the outer surface of the body hollow, which is interesting from an aesthetic point of view.
  • the ornamental chain 1 of which only two successive elements have been represented 2 identical in Figure 1 goes into the manufacture of a bracelet or a necklace for example.
  • Each element 2 comprises a hollow metal body 3 made by bar turning, having a spherical outer surface 4.
  • This hollow body 3 is traversed by a drilling 5 of axis X coincides with a diameter and has a blind hole 6 of greater diameter than that of the Y-axis piercing 5. perpendicular to the X axis and leading to the hole 5.
  • Each element 2 houses an insert 7 constituted by the assembly of a sleeve female 8 and a male sleeve 9, shown in isolation in Figures 3 and 4.
  • These sleeves 8 and 9 have at one axial end spherical surfaces respectively referenced 10 and 11, which are located once the insert 7 in place on the inside of the hollow body 3 in the extension of the spherical surface 4 of the latter, as can be seen in Figure 1.
  • the female sleeve 8 has a symmetrical outer surface of revolution around the X axis, provided with a shoulder 12 which delimits on the side of the end 10 a cylindrical surface of revolution whose diameter corresponds substantially to that of the piercing 5 of the hollow body 3 and the side of the end 14 opposite a surface 15 also cylindrical of revolution whose diameter is smaller than that of the surface 13.
  • the male sleeve 9 has a symmetrical outer surface of revolution, provided with shoulders 17 and 18 which define between them a cylindrical surface 19 of revolution whose diameter is the same as that of the surface 15 of the female sleeve 8.
  • the shoulder 18 delimits, on the side of the end 11, a cylindrical surface 20 of revolution whose diameter is the same as that of the surface 13 of the female sleeve 8.
  • the shoulder 17 delimits. on the side of the opposite end 16, a surface 21 cylindrical of revolution whose diameter is smaller than that of the surface 19.
  • the inner section of the male sleeve 9 has a constant diameter in a region 25 extending over most of its length and narrowing to 26 in the vicinity from the end 11.
  • the inner section of the female sleeve 8 is staggered and narrows at 22 to neighborhood of the end 10.
  • the inside diameter of the mouth of the female sleeve 8 at the level of the end 14 corresponds to that of the surface 21 of the male sleeve so that the sleeves 8 and 9 can be inserted to form the insert 7, the shoulders 13 and 17 coming in support of each other.
  • the diameter of the inner section of the female sleeve 8 in the region 23 intermediate between the narrowing 22 and the mouth 24 is equal to that of the section inside of the male sleeve 9 at the end 16.
  • the diameters of the constrictions 22 and 26 are equal.
  • Two successive elements 2 are interconnected by a connecting element which in the exemplary embodiment described in the form of a pin 30 having a 32 cylindrical body of revolution and at its ends two heads 31 of a larger diameter.
  • the pin 30 can be made from a metal wire by repelling locally and at regular intervals the material of this wire to form expanded areas each presenting at mid-length a narrowing section and then cutting the wire at level of these narrowing.
  • the diameter of the body 32 is slightly smaller than that of the constrictions 22 and 26 while the diameter of regions 23 and 25 is slightly greater than that of heads 31.
  • the sleeves 8 and 9 are axially split along their entire length in the example described to allow the introduction into each of the head 31 of a pin 30, as illustrated in Figures 5 and 7.
  • the head 31 is introduced through the end 14, the axis of the body 32 then being substantially perpendicular to the axis X, then the pin 30 is moved parallel to itself until the head 31 abuts against the narrowing 22.
  • the pin 30 is rotated a quarter of a turn to take the position represented in dashed lines in FIG. 5, the body 32 then being substantially coaxial with the axis X.
  • the opening width of the slot 33 made on the female sleeve 8 is slightly greater than the diameter of the body 32 of the pin 30.
  • the pin 30 is placed in the male sleeve 9 by introducing the head 31 by the end 16, the axis of the body 32 then being substantially perpendicular to the X axis, then sliding the pin 30 parallel to itself until the head 31 come up against the narrowing 26.
  • the pin 30 is then rotated a quarter of a turn so as to bring the body 32 in the X axis of the sleeve 2, as shown in Figure 7 in dashed lines.
  • sleeves 8 and 9 are interlocking with an adjustment tight so that they remain assembled by friction.
  • Sleeves 8 and 9 may have no noticeable elasticity.
  • the sleeves 8 and 9 are retained inside the bore 5 by tight fit on the one hand the surface 13 of the male sleeve 8 and on the other hand the surface 20 of the sleeve male 9.
  • a gemstone 45 is set on each element 2 by means of a support piece 40 shown in isolation in FIG. 11.
  • This support piece 40 is in the form of a cylindrical body of hollowed out at the bottom to form a fork 41 intended to commit to on the insert 7 and recessed at the top to form a conical housing 42.
  • the opening width of the fork 41 corresponds to the diameter of the surfaces 13 and 20.
  • the diameter of the support piece 40 corresponds to that of the blind hole 6 so that it is held there by tight fit.
  • the housing 42 is surmounted by a thin wall 44 to be repelled on the top of the stone 45 during the crimping operation.
  • the bottom 43 of the housing 42 is pierced to allow once the support piece 40 inserted without the stone 45 in the hollow body 3 to make a countersink 46 in the insert 7 to receive the inner end of the stone 45.
  • the engagement of the fork 41 on the insert 7 is done with friction, which provides both an additional holding force of the support piece 40 and the insert 7 inside the hollow body 3 and strengthens the holding of the assembly of the sleeves 8 and 9.
  • FIG. 13 shows an element 2 as previously described, assembled by a pin 30 to an end element 2 'which differs from the element 2 in that the hollow body 3 'and the support piece 40' are slightly larger and in that the piercing 5 is not through but blind and accommodates a 7 'monobioc insert.
  • this insert 7 ' is constituted here by a sleeve whose section interior has a narrowing, mounted with a snug fit in the bore 5 and split longitudinally for mounting the head 31 of the pin 30, like the sleeves 8 and 9 previously described.
  • the pieces 30 are retained with some play inside the inserts 7 and 7 'and the successive elements of the chain thus have a possibility of rotation between them around the axis X and translation along this axis X.
  • the insert fixed in the hollow body of an element 2 or 2 'can serve, without within the scope of the present invention, to retain one end of a connected link at the other end to a bulb chain obtained by the conventional process beginning.
  • the elements 2 "of the chain each comprise a hollow body 3 identical to the one shown in FIG.
  • This hollow body receives an insert 7 "shown in isolation in FIG. support piece 40 identical to that previously described with reference to FIG. 11.
  • the elements 2 " are joined by connecting members 50 with a possibility of rotation along an axis of articulation Z perpendicular to the axis X inserts 7 ".
  • each connecting member 50 comprises a body 51 of rectangular cross section, long sides perpendicular to the hinge axis Z, provided at both ends with bores 52 in which are engaged pins 53 engaging at their ends in holes 54 of the insert 7 ". 54 intersect the X axis perpendicularly.
  • the insert 7 “externally has the same geometry as the insert 7 shown in FIG. 10, with the exception of the holes 54. It is traversed axially by a slot 58, which extends in the example described over its entire length, and has a narrowing 59 of its outer section.
  • the slot 58 has, in the example described, a rectangular cross section, long sides perpendicular to the axes of the holes 54.
  • the depth of the slot 58 corresponds substantially to three quarters of the largest outer diameter of the insert 7 ".
  • the insert is not split longitudinally over its entire length but only at its axial ends.
  • the insert may have at each of its axial ends a slot that extends over the entire height of the insert, crossing vertically.
  • the geometry of the stone possibly attached to the ball in which is engaged the insert then takes into account the need that the insert is not split longitudinally on all its length.
  • the slot may have a cross section that does not necessarily two parallel ribs.
  • the slot for mounting the end of the connecting member does not open onto the lateral surface of the insert but only on the end surface of the insert, intended to come in the extension of the outer surface of the hollow body.
  • FIGS. 14 to 20 makes it possible to maintain the stones in a given orientation around the X axis of the inserts.

Landscapes

  • Adornments (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)

Claims (20)

  1. Aus mehreren aufeinanderfolgenden Gliedern zusammengesetzte Schmuckkette, bei der mindestens eines der Glieder (2; 2'; 2") einen Hohlkörper (3; 3') aufweist, in dessen Innern ein Einsatz (7; 7'; 7") befestigt ist, der so ausgelegt ist, daß er ein mit einem benachbarten Kettenglied (2; 2'; 2") verbundenes Verbindungselement (30; 50) hält, und der von mindestens einer Hülse gebildet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hülse ein Fenster (33, 38; 58) aufweist, das genügend groß ist, um den Hauptteil (32; 51) des Verbindungselements hindurchzulassen.
  2. Kette nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Hohlkörper (3; 3') kugelförmig ist.
  3. Kette nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Hohlkörper (3; 3') durch Drehen hergestellt ist.
  4. Kette nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Einsatz (7; 7") in einer den Hohlkörper (3) durchsetzenden Bohrung (5) befestigt ist.
  5. Kette nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Hohlkörper (3; 3') eine Sackbohrung (6) mit einer zur Achse (X) des Einsatzes (7; 7'; 7") senkrechten Achse (Y) zur Aufnahme einer Fassung (40; 40') für einen Edelstein (45) aufweist.
  6. Kette nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fassung (40; 40') einen Bügel (41) bildet, der so ausgebildet ist, daß er den Einsatz (7; 7'; 7") umgreift, wobei der Einsatz vorzugsweise in seinem äußeren Teil eine Einschnürung aufweist.
  7. Kette nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Einsatz (7; 7'; 7") durch Preßsitz im Innern des Hohlkörpers (3; 3') gehalten ist.
  8. Kette nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verbindungselement (30) an seinem in dem Einsatz (7; 7') gehaltenen Ende einen erweiterten Kopf (31) aufweist.
  9. Kette nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Einsatz (7) von zwei längsgeschlitzten Hülsen (8; 9) gebildet ist, deren jede in ihrem inneren Teil eine Einschnürung (22; 26) aufweist.
  10. Kette nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hülsen (8; 9) ineinandergreifen.
  11. Kette nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Einsatz (7; 7') und das Verbindungselement (30) so ausgebildet sind, daß das letztere in dem Einsatz (7; 7') um die Achse (X) des Einsatzes (7; 7') drehbar gehalten ist.
  12. Kette nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Einsatz und das Verbindungselement so ausgebildet sind, daß das letztere in dem Einsatz (7; 7') längs dessen Achse (X) verschiebbar gehalten ist.
  13. Kette nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verbindungselement von einem Metallstück (30) mit zwei Köpfen (31) gebildet ist.
  14. Kette nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Länge des Metallstücks (30) 2 bis 20 mm beträgt.
  15. Kette nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verbindungselement in dem Einsatz längs einer zur Achse (X) des Einsatzes (7") senkrechten Gelenkachse (Z) schwenkbar montiert ist.
  16. Kette nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verbindungselement (50) einen Hauptteil (51) mit rechteckigem Querschnitt aufweist, dessen lange Seiten senkrecht zu der Gelenkachse (Z) verlaufen und der zwei Bohrungen (52) zum Durchgang jeweils eines Stiftes (53) aufweist.
  17. Kette nach Anspruch 16 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Stift (53) mit seinen Enden in die in dem Einsatz (7") ausgebildeten Bohrungen (54) eingreift.
  18. Kette nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Einsatz (7") einstückig ist.
  19. Kette nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Einsatz an seinen axialen Enden beispielsweise kugelförmige Flächen aufweist, die sich in die Verlängerung der Außenfläche des Hohlkörpers einpassen.
  20. Kette nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Einsatz nach außen im wesentlichen unelastisch ist.
EP99957004A 1998-06-19 1999-06-18 Schmuckkette bestehend aus kugelförmigen aufeinander folgenden elemente Expired - Lifetime EP1005279B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9807765 1998-06-19
FR9807765A FR2779921B1 (fr) 1998-06-19 1998-06-19 Chaine ornementale
PCT/FR1999/001473 WO1999065355A1 (fr) 1998-06-19 1999-06-18 Chaine ornementale composee d'elements successifs ayant chacun une forme generale spherique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1005279A1 EP1005279A1 (de) 2000-06-07
EP1005279B1 true EP1005279B1 (de) 2003-03-12

Family

ID=9527604

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99957004A Expired - Lifetime EP1005279B1 (de) 1998-06-19 1999-06-18 Schmuckkette bestehend aus kugelförmigen aufeinander folgenden elemente

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US6220010B1 (de)
EP (1) EP1005279B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3631678B2 (de)
CN (1) CN1154423C (de)
AT (1) ATE234031T1 (de)
AU (1) AU4269699A (de)
DE (1) DE69905840T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2192092T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2779921B1 (de)
HK (1) HK1028716A1 (de)
WO (1) WO1999065355A1 (de)

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FR2803496B1 (fr) * 2000-01-11 2002-03-08 Cartier Internat Bv Element de chaine ornementale
US6908065B1 (en) * 2002-05-30 2005-06-21 Gregory Ritchie 3-dimensional bead process
RU2217029C1 (ru) 2002-08-19 2003-11-27 Чарноцкая Гелена Эдуардовна Составной набор ювелирных украшений (геленки)
AT6842U1 (de) * 2002-12-23 2004-05-25 Swarovski & Co Perlenkette
WO2005076901A2 (en) * 2004-02-06 2005-08-25 Lynx, Inc. Connection for beads with locked and articulating engagement
US20050210918A1 (en) * 2004-03-25 2005-09-29 Thanakritt Fufuangvanich Non-twisting and non-flipping necklace
US7007508B1 (en) * 2004-04-12 2006-03-07 Gold Brands Holdings, Inc. Twisted necklace/bracelet
FR2876885B1 (fr) * 2004-10-25 2006-12-08 Sicom France Sarl Soc Dispositif de fabrication permettant de faire tenir et d'immobiliser un chaton muni d'orifices, montee d'une pierre sur un materiau tel que du fil de peche
US20060096731A1 (en) * 2004-11-05 2006-05-11 Do Sang J Ball-shaped jewelry and method of making same
EP1731052B1 (de) * 2005-06-10 2012-11-21 The Swatch Group Management Services AG Hals- oder Armband mit regelmässig angeordneten Gliedern auf einem flexiblen Band
US20060278174A1 (en) * 2005-06-13 2006-12-14 Jw Pet Company, Inc. Hanging bird toys
WO2008078335A2 (en) * 2006-12-22 2008-07-03 Shishir Balkrishna Nevatia A novel type of hinge and its application in jewellery making
JP4708442B2 (ja) * 2008-01-21 2011-06-22 株式会社並木製作所 ボールチェーン及びその製造方法
US20090038340A1 (en) * 2008-03-31 2009-02-12 Chad Andrew Rullman Custom jewelry apparatus and method of forming same
US20110192195A1 (en) * 2010-02-11 2011-08-11 Kai-Mou Tsai Ornamental string
JP5592775B2 (ja) * 2010-07-01 2014-09-17 ダイセルポリマー株式会社 炭素繊維巻きテープとその製造方法
ITVI20110235A1 (it) * 2011-08-22 2013-02-23 Flii Bovo S R L Monile indossabile di tipo "tennis" a struttura compatta e metodo di fabbricazione di tale monile indossabile
DE102011119270A1 (de) * 2011-11-24 2013-05-29 Gabriele Weinmann Gegenstände mit dekorativen Teilen
US8627682B2 (en) * 2012-03-26 2014-01-14 K.M. Design Jewels, Inc. Modular jewelry
US9111465B2 (en) * 2013-11-18 2015-08-18 Cecilia Farell Stylized hanging gift tag
CN105559276A (zh) * 2016-01-17 2016-05-11 王明明 一种珠宝组件自由组合结构及其拆组方式
IT201700031034A1 (it) * 2017-03-21 2018-09-21 Roberto Demeglio S P A Articolo di gioielleria comprendente un elemento elastico e una pluralità di elementi ornamentali infilati in successione sull'elemento elastico in modo da potere scorrere rispetto a questo e connessi a due a due l'uno con l'altro.
CN106901463B (zh) * 2017-04-25 2018-11-13 深圳市华乐珠宝首饰有限公司 一种链状首饰
MA45332A (fr) 2017-06-08 2019-03-27 Fabien Philippe Fontaine Perle pour enfant éducative et d'aide au développement de compétences multiples destinée à des enfants en bas âge et bijou-jouet comprenant une pluralité de telles perles pour enfant
USD926617S1 (en) * 2018-09-06 2021-08-03 Rachel Adin LLC Article of jewelry
US10537160B1 (en) * 2018-09-21 2020-01-21 Rachel Adin LLC Jewelry device
JP1647232S (de) * 2018-09-28 2019-12-02
KR102506896B1 (ko) * 2022-06-22 2023-03-07 (주)준쥬얼리 귀금속 장신구의 힌지 연결장치

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DE29715033U1 (de) * 1997-08-22 1998-05-14 OASE-PUMPEN Wübker Söhne GmbH & Co. Maschinenfabrik, 48477 Hörstel Gliederkette

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1999065355A1 (fr) 1999-12-23
JP3631678B2 (ja) 2005-03-23
DE69905840D1 (de) 2003-04-17
ATE234031T1 (de) 2003-03-15
EP1005279A1 (de) 2000-06-07
HK1028716A1 (en) 2001-03-02
US6220010B1 (en) 2001-04-24
AU4269699A (en) 2000-01-05
ES2192092T3 (es) 2003-09-16
JP2002518070A (ja) 2002-06-25
FR2779921B1 (fr) 2000-09-01
FR2779921A1 (fr) 1999-12-24
CN1154423C (zh) 2004-06-23
DE69905840T2 (de) 2003-12-24
CN1272771A (zh) 2000-11-08

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