EP0992327B1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung von komplex geformten hohlen keramischen Körpern - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung von komplex geformten hohlen keramischen Körpern Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0992327B1 EP0992327B1 EP99119224A EP99119224A EP0992327B1 EP 0992327 B1 EP0992327 B1 EP 0992327B1 EP 99119224 A EP99119224 A EP 99119224A EP 99119224 A EP99119224 A EP 99119224A EP 0992327 B1 EP0992327 B1 EP 0992327B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- core
- ceramic material
- sub
- assembly
- mold
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/003—Pressing by means acting upon the material via flexible mould wall parts, e.g. by means of inflatable cores, isostatic presses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/34—Moulds, cores, or mandrels of special material, e.g. destructible materials
- B28B7/342—Moulds, cores, or mandrels of special material, e.g. destructible materials which are at least partially destroyed, e.g. broken, molten, before demoulding; Moulding surfaces or spaces shaped by, or in, the ground, or sand or soil, whether bound or not; Cores consisting at least mainly of sand or soil, whether bound or not
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/24—Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors or bases
- H01J9/245—Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors or bases specially adapted for gas discharge tubes or lamps
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method of forming an arc tube for a discharge lamp, said arc tube being a hollow body of ceramic material, wherein said ceramic material is substantially alumina. More particularly, the invention relates to a method for forming high-purity, hollow ceramic bodies of complex shaped polycrystalline alumina bodies.
- PCA Polycrystalline alumina
- HPS high pressure sodium
- US-A 3 907 949 describes a single piece open ended PCA body for discharge lamps which is manufactured by isostatic pressing. It uses a resolvable core of low melting points metals like bismuth.
- US-A 5 385 700 discloses a method of making a holder of solid ceramic material by locating a core in a mass of ceramic material, consolidating the material around the core and then removing the core to leave a green artifact having a cavity which is to be sintered. This method is directed to the manufacture of a solid electrolyte material for use in a storage cell.
- JP 102 32 290 discloses a method that involves filling up ceramic powder between a graphite core with waveform structure arranged in a rubber or vinyl bag. This method is useful for manufacture of ceramic bellows for reactors.
- JP 613 47 13 discloses preparation of a hollow ceramic part, e.g. of Al 2 O 3 , by flame-spraying ceramics around the outer surface of graphite. It is applied to manufacture turbine blades.
- Still another object of the invention is to enhance the forming processes and manufacturing of ceramic articles by the use of a fugitive core material that leaves no residue.
- a method of forming an arc tube for a discharge lamp said arc tube being a hollow body of ceramic material, wherein said ceramic material is substantially alumina, the steps comprising: forming a fugitive core, wherein said fugitive core is high-purity graphite, having a configuration matching the interior configuration of said hollow body; forming a flowable powder of said ceramic material by preparing an aqueous slurry including binders and spray-drying it; covering said fugitive core with said ceramic material; compressing said ceramic material in a mold about said core to form a sub-assembly; removing said sub-assembly from said mold; heating said sub-assembly at a rate and time and in a suitable atmosphere, wherein said suitable atmosphere contains oxygen and said graphite core is converted to carbon dioxide, to volatilize said fugitive core; and subsequently sintering said sub-assembly to form said hollow body.
- the body is formed by assembling a mold comprising a fugitive core defining the interior contour and a flexible elastomeric material defining the outer contour.
- the flowable powder containing the ceramic material is poured into the space between the elastomer mold and core, and thereby the ceramic powder contained therein, is compressed to form the sub-assembly, which is then finished as above.
- This method allows the manufacture of complex shapes of ceramic suitable for use as discharge vessels in HPS lamps and metal halide lamps in a production-viable, cost effective, manner.
- the core is formed from a high-purity graphite which is a material that is at least 99.99 % pure carbon.
- a core of desired shape for example, elliptical, is prefabricated of high-purity graphite which will react to form CO 2 during heating in an oxygen-containing atmosphere.
- Traditional graphite machining methods are used to form the cores.
- a vehicle that is an aqueous slurry of body material containing suitable binders and platisizers, is prepared and spray-dried.
- the spray-dried material which is now a flowable powder, is poured into a polyurethane wet-bag mold equipped with the graphite core and cold isostatically pressed to 827,0 bar (12,000 psi).
- the intact ceramic body containing the graphite core is removed from the mold and heated to 1325°C in air at a rate of 300 °C per hour and the temperature is held at 1325 °C for a time necessary to convert all of the graphiteto carbon dioxide. For most applications, this time will be about 24 hours.
- the now hollow body is then sintered in a reducing atmosphere, such as 8% hydrogen and 92% nitrogen, at a temperature of 1900 °C.
- Spray-dried alumina powder containing 0.5 weight percent of an organic binder such as polyvinyl alcohol and 2.0 weight percent of a plasticizer such as polyethylene glycol was loaded into a polyurethane wet-bag mold with an elliptically shaped cavity and equipped with a smaller diameter elliptically-shaped high-purity graphite core (for example, Bay Carbon, Inc. grade SPK) threaded on a tungsten carbide mandrel.
- the binder-containing alumina powder filled the void between the polyurethane and the central graphite core.
- the alumina filled wet-bag was sealed and isostatically pressed at 861,5 bar (12,500 psi) to form a green body.
- the alumina green body with mostly encapsulated graphite core was removed from the wet-bag and mandrel and the green body was fired at 1325°C in air until the graphite and binder were fully volatilized.
- the pre-sintered, now hollow ceramic body was then sintered by firing in an 8% hydrogen, 92% nitrogen atmosphere at 1900 °C for 2 hours, resulting in a hollow, bulgy-shaped, one-piece translucent body suitable for use as the discharge vessel of a high intensity discharge lamp.
- High intensity discharge lamps include, but are not limited to, metal halide lamps and high pressure sodium lamps.
- Example II The identical procedure as Example I was followed except that the amount of binder was increased to 1.0 weight percent and no plasticizer was used.
- the resultant ceramic body was also suitable for use as a discharge vessel in high intensity lamps, showing that the process is robust enough to withstand variations in binder/plasticizer levels and ratios.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Claims (3)
- Verfahren zum Ausbilden einer Bogenentladungsröhre für eine Entladungslampe, wobei die Bogenentladungsröhre ein Hohlkörper aus Keramikmaterial ist, wobei das Keramikmaterial im Wesentlichen Tonerde ist, folgende Schritte umfassend:Ausbilden eines flüchtigen Kerns mit einer Gestaltung, die der Innengestaltung des Hohlkörpers entspricht;Ausbilden eines fließfähigen Pulvers aus dem Keramikmaterial durch Herstellen einer wässrigen Masse, die Bindemittel beinhaltet, und Sprühtrocknen derselben;Bedecken des flüchtigen Kerns mit dem Keramikmaterial;Verdichten des Keramikmaterials in einer Form um den Kern zum Ausbilden einer Unterbaugruppe;Entfernen der Unterbaugruppe aus der Form;Erhitzen der Unterbaugruppe auf einer Rate und über einen Zeitraum und in einer geeigneten Atmosphäre, wobei die geeignete Atmosphäre Sauerstoff enthält und der Graphitkern zum Verflüchtigen des flüchtigen Kerns in Kohlendioxid umgewandelt wird;und darauf folgendes Sintern der Unterbaugruppe zum Ausbilden des Hohlkörpers,
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Schritt des Bedeckens folgendes umfasst: Zusammenbauen einer Form, die den flüchtigen Kern, welcher die Innenkontur definiert, und ein flexibles Elastomermaterial umfasst, welches die Außenkontur des Körpers definiert; und Schütten des fließbaren Pulvers, das das Keramikmaterial enthält, in den Raum zwischen der Elastomerform und dem Kern.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Schritt des Verdichtens folgendermaßen durchgeführt wird: die Masse, die das Keramikmaterial enthält, wird bei einen Druck zwischen 827,0 bar (12.000 psi) und 861,5 bar (12.500 psi) isostatisch verdichtet, um die Unterbaugruppe auszubilden.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/165,979 US5993725A (en) | 1998-10-02 | 1998-10-02 | Method of forming complex-shaped hollow ceramic bodies |
US165979 | 1998-10-02 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0992327A1 EP0992327A1 (de) | 2000-04-12 |
EP0992327B1 true EP0992327B1 (de) | 2004-03-10 |
Family
ID=22601295
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99119224A Expired - Lifetime EP0992327B1 (de) | 1998-10-02 | 1999-09-28 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von komplex geformten hohlen keramischen Körpern |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5993725A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0992327B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4555417B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1101304C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE261347T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2276763C (de) |
DE (1) | DE69915422T2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6274078B1 (en) * | 1999-01-27 | 2001-08-14 | General Electric Company | Method of removing cores from ceramic matrix composite articles |
WO2002071442A1 (en) * | 2000-11-06 | 2002-09-12 | General Electric Company | Ceramic discharge chamber for a discharge lamp and methods of making it |
JP2002334653A (ja) * | 2001-02-09 | 2002-11-22 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 発光管の製造方法及びそれに用いられる中子 |
CN101353263B (zh) * | 2007-07-26 | 2010-09-29 | 余恺为 | 一体化陶瓷金卤灯电弧管壳凝胶粘结制造方法 |
FR2929545B1 (fr) * | 2008-03-03 | 2012-03-16 | Didier Remi Voinchet | Procede et dispositif pour le moulage par pressage isostatique sur noyau perdu de corps creux en ceramique |
JP4471016B2 (ja) * | 2008-04-07 | 2010-06-02 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | ガスセンサとその製造方法 |
KR101019234B1 (ko) * | 2009-04-14 | 2011-03-04 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | 컴팩트 개질 반응기용 금속구조체촉매의 제조방법과 그 금속구조체촉매, 금속구조체촉매 모듈 |
US8631671B2 (en) * | 2011-04-14 | 2014-01-21 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Internal mandrel and method |
US9552976B2 (en) | 2013-05-10 | 2017-01-24 | General Electric Company | Optimized HID arc tube geometry |
US9896945B2 (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2018-02-20 | General Electric Company | Process of producing a ceramic matrix composite turbine bucket, insert for a ceramic matrix composite turbine bucket and ceramic matrix composite turbine bucket |
US11066335B2 (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2021-07-20 | General Electric Company | Articles for creating hollow structures in ceramic matrix composites |
CN113172726B (zh) * | 2021-04-09 | 2022-12-09 | 西安交通大学 | 基于3d打印的空心涡轮叶片陶瓷铸型及其精度控制方法和应用 |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB779128A (en) * | 1953-04-24 | 1957-07-17 | Plessey Co Ltd | Improvements in and relating to refractory materials |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3528809A (en) * | 1965-04-15 | 1970-09-15 | Canadian Patents Dev | Hollow article production |
US3345160A (en) * | 1965-07-09 | 1967-10-03 | Carborundum Co | Method for making ducted refractory articles |
US3907949A (en) * | 1970-10-27 | 1975-09-23 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Method of making tubular polycrystalline oxide body with tapered ends |
JPS491605A (de) * | 1972-04-19 | 1974-01-09 | ||
US5535811A (en) * | 1987-01-28 | 1996-07-16 | Remet Corporation | Ceramic shell compositions for casting of reactive metals |
US4999145A (en) * | 1989-12-15 | 1991-03-12 | Gte Laboratories Incorporated | Method of forming hybrid arc tubes |
WO1991015438A1 (en) * | 1990-03-31 | 1991-10-17 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Ceramic high-temperature member |
US5385700A (en) * | 1991-05-03 | 1995-01-31 | Programme 3 Patent Holdings | Method of making a holder of ceramic material |
GB2255309B (en) * | 1991-05-03 | 1994-11-16 | Programme 3 Patent Holdings | Method of making a holder of ceramic material |
JPH06134713A (ja) * | 1992-10-29 | 1994-05-17 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | 中空セラミックス部品の製作方法 |
US5587346A (en) * | 1995-06-16 | 1996-12-24 | Osram Sylvania, Inc. | Translucent polycrystalline alumina |
JPH10232290A (ja) * | 1997-02-20 | 1998-09-02 | Japan Atom Energy Res Inst | セラミックスベローズの製造方法 |
-
1998
- 1998-10-02 US US09/165,979 patent/US5993725A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-07-02 CA CA002276763A patent/CA2276763C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-09-28 AT AT99119224T patent/ATE261347T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-09-28 DE DE69915422T patent/DE69915422T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-28 EP EP99119224A patent/EP0992327B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-01 JP JP28164399A patent/JP4555417B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-10-02 CN CN99125017A patent/CN1101304C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB779128A (en) * | 1953-04-24 | 1957-07-17 | Plessey Co Ltd | Improvements in and relating to refractory materials |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0992327A1 (de) | 2000-04-12 |
JP2000108116A (ja) | 2000-04-18 |
ATE261347T1 (de) | 2004-03-15 |
US5993725A (en) | 1999-11-30 |
CA2276763A1 (en) | 2000-04-02 |
JP4555417B2 (ja) | 2010-09-29 |
CA2276763C (en) | 2006-09-05 |
CN1101304C (zh) | 2003-02-12 |
DE69915422T2 (de) | 2004-08-05 |
CN1251330A (zh) | 2000-04-26 |
DE69915422D1 (de) | 2004-04-15 |
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