EP0991300A2 - Elément PTC et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Elément PTC et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0991300A2
EP0991300A2 EP99305382A EP99305382A EP0991300A2 EP 0991300 A2 EP0991300 A2 EP 0991300A2 EP 99305382 A EP99305382 A EP 99305382A EP 99305382 A EP99305382 A EP 99305382A EP 0991300 A2 EP0991300 A2 EP 0991300A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature coefficient
etching
positive temperature
electric current
coefficient heater
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99305382A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0991300A3 (fr
EP0991300B1 (fr
Inventor
Gyongtae Kim
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Suntech Co Ltd
Original Assignee
DAEIL P F T CO Ltd
Daeil Pft Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DAEIL P F T CO Ltd, Daeil Pft Co Ltd filed Critical DAEIL P F T CO Ltd
Publication of EP0991300A2 publication Critical patent/EP0991300A2/fr
Publication of EP0991300A3 publication Critical patent/EP0991300A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0991300B1 publication Critical patent/EP0991300B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H05B3/845—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields specially adapted for reflecting surfaces, e.g. bathroom - or rearview mirrors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a positive temperature coefficient heater. More specifically, the invention relates to a self regulating heater using positive temperature coefficient resistive material specifically adapted for use in heating outside rearview mirrors of the vehicles. In still greater particularity, the present invention relates to a positive temperature coefficient heater wherein a definite pattern form is protected on an insulator having an aluminum film using an etching resist, after etching the portions unprotected with the etching resist using an etching agent, the etching resist and the etching agent are removed, and by printing a definite form using a carbon paste, the insulator having the aluminum thin film is constituted to be connected as acting parallel electrodes, and also relates to a production method thereof.
  • the electrode is almost formed by printing a compounded mixture of a metal powder such as silver, etc., and a resin
  • the resistor is formed by printing a compounded mixture of a carbon and a resin, and by applying an electric current to the electrodes, heat is generated in the resistor.
  • Such planar heat-generating elements can be classified into a heat-generating element wherein the electrode form is made a comb-like pattern or the resistor is made in a strip form for uniformly transmitting heat and a sheet-form heat-generating element wherein after printing a pattern having a definite band-form space on an insulating substrate with a silver paste, a carbon paste is coated on the surface thereof with a printer such that the portion remained as the space at printing the silver paste and the upper portion of the silver paste are covered by the carbon paste for improving the transfer of heat and the efficiency of heat.
  • a positive temperature coefficient heater is constituted by protecting a form of a definite pattern using an etching resist on an insulator having an aluminum thin film, and more preferably on a film formed by vapor-depositing aluminum on a PET sheet, after etching the portions unprotected by the above-described etching resist using an etching agent, removing the etching resist and the etching agent, and further printing on the above-described etched portions using a carbon paste, so that the insulator having the aluminum thin film acts as parallel electrodes and the carbon paste layer acts as a resistor, and has accomplished the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 A or Fig. 1 B is a plain view of a positive temperature coefficient heater of the present invention.
  • the positive temperature coefficient heater (1) of this invention is constituted by a insulating substrate (2), a band-form aluminum thin film pattern (3) formed thereon, a carbon paste (4), and electric current terminals (5)(5').
  • an insulator having an aluminum thin film laminated with PET that is, an insulator having an aluminum thin film prepared by vacuum vapor-depositing aluminum on PET is cut into a definite size, otherwise, cutting is made after producing as it is.
  • the printed pattern is dried by heating or UV.
  • an etching resist for example a heat etching resist or a UV etching resist, such as, X-77, X-65, AS-500, etc., of Daiyo Ink Co., in Korea.
  • the positive temperature coefficient heater thus produced has the form as shown in Fig. 3 A or Fig. 3 B and the cross section as shown in Fig. 3.
  • the form of the pattern of the positive temperature coefficient heater of this invention can be changed for the sake of the production thereof and is not limited to the pattern shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 3.
  • the above-described carbon paste is explained in brief but there is no particular restriction on carbon used for the carbon paste of this invention if the carbon has a heat conductivity. That is, because amorphous carbon is poor in the heat-conductive property, it is desirable to use commercially available carbons having a good heat-conductive property.
  • the heat conductivity of these carbons is at least 37.7 x 10 -3 deg. cm. sec., and as commercially available carbons.
  • These carbons each has a different heat-conductive property and to control the heat-conductive property, the using amount thereof can be properly determined but the using amount thereof is desirably from 10 to 50 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight of a resin.
  • the resin used for the carbon paste if the resin shows less thermal deformation property, can be easily compounded with carbon, has an adhesive property, and is water-sparingly soluble.
  • the resin there are polyester, polyacrylate, polyamide, etc., and in these resins, a polyester resin is particularly preferred.
  • the positive temperature coefficient heater of the present invention is a positive temperature coefficient heater comprising electrodes of an aluminum thin film formed by forming a pair of band-form main electrodes opposing each other at an aluminum thin film of an insulating sheet having the aluminum thin film, protecting utilizing an etching resist such that electrodes of a parallel continuous pattern are formed by projecting from these electrodes as engaging each other, etching the unprotected portions using an etching agent, and removing the etching resist and the etching agent; electric source terminals formed to the end portions of the above-described electrodes adjacent and opposing each other; and resistors formed by printing a carbon paste on the electrodes of the aluminum thin film.
  • the construction of the positive temperature coefficient heater thus produced can be used as it is but for the consideration of the distribution and the use of users, by a known method after coating an adhesive on the upper portion of the positive temperature coefficient heater to form an adhesive layer (6), a release paper (7) is attached.
  • terminals (5) and (5') are equipped to the definite portions of the aluminum electrode (3) at the opposite surface through the insulator layer.
  • the portions of the aluminum electrodes (3) are separated from each other by the carbon paste (4) as shown in Fig. 1 A or Fig. 1 B and by equipping the electric current input terminals (5) and (5') to the aluminum electrodes (3) separated from each other, electric currents are connected in a parallel state.
  • the printed pattern was dried by heating to 60°C for 20 minutes.
  • a liquid prepared by dissolving a polyester resin in butyl cellosolve acetate as a solvent at a ratio of 1.4 : 1 was compounded with carbon, at 6 : 5 (by weight ratio) to prepare a carbon paste and the paste was coated by printing on the aluminum sheet obtained by the above-described method at a thickness of 10 nm.
  • a band-form carbon paste layers (4) and aluminum electrodes (3) shown in Fig. 1 were formed.
  • the positive temperature coefficient heater of this invention was produced.
  • the heat-generating element is useful for side mirrors for motorcars, mirrors in bath room, etc.
  • Test piece 1' A large-sized positive temperature coefficient heater connected to aluminum in series (a separate resistance heat-generating element was not used) (a product of N company in Europe; hereinafter, is referred to as Test piece 1'), a positive temperature coefficient heater produced by forming electrodes with a paste of a silver powder and forming a resistor with a carbon powder paste according to U.S. Patent 4,857,711 (hereinafter, is referred to as Test piece 2'), and the positive temperature coefficient heater of the present invention (hereinafter, is referred to as Test piece 3') were tested under the following conditions and the results are shown in Fig. 4 to Fig. 6. 5.3.1.
  • Fig. 4 B showed the result of keeping the Test piece 1 for 30 minutes at 40°C, passing an electric voltage of 24 V at normal temperature, and measuring the change of the initial electric current [A] and the change and transition of the temperature every two minutes. Almost same as Fig. 4 A, the initial electric current [A] was 1.68 A but at the time passing 11 minutes, the electric current became 1.60 A and even after passing 20 minutes, the electric current was almost same. This shows that there is almost no change of the resistance and because the electric current passes constantly in succession, the temperature control of the positive temperature coefficient heater is very difficult.
  • Fig. 4 C showed the figure of the photograph of the state in which water was scattered on the Test piece 1 at -30°C to form ice on the surface of a mirror, after allowing to stand for 30 minutes, an electric current began to pass at a voltage of 24 V, and the planer ice was removed by raising of the surface temperature every two minutes. 5.3.2. Also, after cooling the Test piece 2 at -30°C and keeping for 30 minutes, an electric current of a voltage of 24 V was passed, the change of the initial electric current [A] and the change and transition of the temperature every two minutes were measured, and the results were shown in Fig. 5 A. As shown in the figure, the initial electric current [A] was 4.83 A but at the time of passing 20 minutes, the current became 2.87 A.
  • Fig. 5 B shows the results of testing the Test piece 2 at normal temperature.
  • the initial electric current was 3.2 A and after an electric current was passed for 20 minutes, the electric current lowered to 1.70 A and the resistance value is increased. Accordingly, when the temperature is raised, the change of the resistance value is increased and also the electric current becomes low, which prevents the rapid raising of the temperature.
  • Fig. 5 C shows the figure of the photograph of the state of scattering water to the Test piece 2 at -30°C to form ice on the surface of a mirror, after allowing to stand for 30 minutes, initiating passing of an electric current at a voltage of 24 V, and removing the planar ice by surface temperature raising every two minutes.
  • the photograph shows that the results are excellent as compared with Fig. 4 C. 5.3.3.
  • an electric current of 24 V was passed, the change of the initial electric current [A] and the change and transition of the temperature every two minutes were measured, and the results were shown in Fig. 6 A.
  • the initial electric current [A] was 5.45 A but at the time of passing 20 minutes, the electric current became 2.76 A.
  • the change of the resistance value became large and the electric current is lowered, which results in preventing rapid raising of the temperature and making easy the temperature control.
  • the temperature raised to 34.8°C after 20 minutes from -27°C it can be seen that the effect is considerably excellent.
  • Fig. 6 B shows the results of testing the Test piece 3 at normal temperature.
  • the initial electric current was 3.30 A
  • the electric current after 20 minutes passed from the initiation of passing an electric current is lowered to 1.59 A and the resistance value is increased. Accordingly, in the positive temperature coefficient heater of the present invention, when the temperature is raised, the change of the resistance value becomes considerably large and by lowering the electric current, the temperature control becomes easy as compared with the Test piece 1 and the Test piece 2, which are heat-generating elements by conventional techniques.
  • Fig. 6 C shows the figure of the photograph of the state by scattering water to the Test piece 3 at -30°C to form ice on the surface of a mirror, after allowing to stand for 30 minutes, initiating passing of an electric current at a voltage of 24 V, and removing the planer ice by surface temperature raising every two minutes.
  • the photograph shows that the results are excellent as compared with Fig. 4 C and Fig. 5 C.
  • the conductivity is uniform and the heat-generating effect is excellent as compared with positive temperature coefficient heaters by conventional techniques, and the positive temperature coefficient heater can be easily produced at a low cost.
  • the positive temperature coefficient heater of the present invention there is almost no deviation of temperature, the production cost is greatly reduced, and the production step is simplified as compared with the case of using a silver paste in a conventional technique, and thus by attaching the positive temperature coefficient heater to the inside of a side mirror of a motorcar, an excellent effect is shown for removing frozen ice, fogging, ice, etc.

Landscapes

  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Rear-View Mirror Devices That Are Mounted On The Exterior Of The Vehicle (AREA)
EP19990305382 1998-10-01 1999-07-07 Elément PTC et son procédé de fabrication Expired - Lifetime EP0991300B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR19980041477 1998-10-01
KR9841477 1998-10-01

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0991300A2 true EP0991300A2 (fr) 2000-04-05
EP0991300A3 EP0991300A3 (fr) 2002-01-16
EP0991300B1 EP0991300B1 (fr) 2005-09-28

Family

ID=36201261

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19990305382 Expired - Lifetime EP0991300B1 (fr) 1998-10-01 1999-07-07 Elément PTC et son procédé de fabrication

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0991300B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2000164328A (fr)
CN (1) CN1250347A (fr)
DE (1) DE69927455T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2251156T3 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1749904A2 (fr) * 2005-07-06 2007-02-07 Suntech Co., Ltd Elément chauffant résistant plat, ainsi que son procédé de fabrication
US8712227B2 (en) 2010-05-07 2014-04-29 Airbus Operations Gmbh Fluid conduit with PTC fabric heating
ES2537400A1 (es) * 2013-12-04 2015-06-08 Seat, S.A. Procedimiento para la obtención de un calefactor en un automóvil
US9771158B2 (en) 2005-02-09 2017-09-26 Qinetiq Limited Ice protection of aerodynamic surfaces

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2855933B1 (fr) * 2003-06-06 2006-06-09 Valeo Climatisation Dispositif de chauffage electrique, notamment pour un vehicule automobile
KR20110094174A (ko) * 2011-08-04 2011-08-22 한병완 금속박막에칭전극을 사용한 ptc발열난방필름 제조방법

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1136456A (en) * 1966-05-17 1968-12-11 English Electric Co Ltd A process for etching aluminium film on a substrate
EP0408207A2 (fr) * 1989-07-13 1991-01-16 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Appareil de chauffage à coefficient de température positif
EP0716559A2 (fr) * 1994-12-07 1996-06-12 Tokyo Cosmos Electric Co., Ltd. Dispositif de chauffage plan à utilisation avec des miroirs
DE19702448A1 (de) * 1997-01-24 1998-07-30 Deutsche Spezialglas Ag Beheizbarer Vorderflächenspiegel

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1136456A (en) * 1966-05-17 1968-12-11 English Electric Co Ltd A process for etching aluminium film on a substrate
EP0408207A2 (fr) * 1989-07-13 1991-01-16 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Appareil de chauffage à coefficient de température positif
EP0716559A2 (fr) * 1994-12-07 1996-06-12 Tokyo Cosmos Electric Co., Ltd. Dispositif de chauffage plan à utilisation avec des miroirs
DE19702448A1 (de) * 1997-01-24 1998-07-30 Deutsche Spezialglas Ag Beheizbarer Vorderflächenspiegel

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9771158B2 (en) 2005-02-09 2017-09-26 Qinetiq Limited Ice protection of aerodynamic surfaces
EP1749904A2 (fr) * 2005-07-06 2007-02-07 Suntech Co., Ltd Elément chauffant résistant plat, ainsi que son procédé de fabrication
EP1749904A3 (fr) * 2005-07-06 2013-04-03 Suntech Co., Ltd Elément chauffant résistant plat, ainsi que son procédé de fabrication
US8712227B2 (en) 2010-05-07 2014-04-29 Airbus Operations Gmbh Fluid conduit with PTC fabric heating
ES2537400A1 (es) * 2013-12-04 2015-06-08 Seat, S.A. Procedimiento para la obtención de un calefactor en un automóvil

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2251156T3 (es) 2006-04-16
EP0991300A3 (fr) 2002-01-16
JP2000164328A (ja) 2000-06-16
DE69927455T2 (de) 2006-07-20
CN1250347A (zh) 2000-04-12
DE69927455D1 (de) 2006-02-09
EP0991300B1 (fr) 2005-09-28

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