EP0990494B1 - Apparatus for comminuting blocks of natural or synthetic organic material such as wood - Google Patents
Apparatus for comminuting blocks of natural or synthetic organic material such as wood Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0990494B1 EP0990494B1 EP99402341A EP99402341A EP0990494B1 EP 0990494 B1 EP0990494 B1 EP 0990494B1 EP 99402341 A EP99402341 A EP 99402341A EP 99402341 A EP99402341 A EP 99402341A EP 0990494 B1 EP0990494 B1 EP 0990494B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- basket
- machine according
- channel
- blocks
- cutting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
- B26D7/06—Arrangements for feeding or delivering work of other than sheet, web, or filamentary form
- B26D7/0666—Arrangements for feeding or delivering work of other than sheet, web, or filamentary form by screw or rotary spiral conveyors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
- B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
- B26D1/12—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis
- B26D1/25—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member
- B26D1/34—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member moving about an axis parallel to the line of cut
- B26D1/36—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member moving about an axis parallel to the line of cut and rotating continuously in one direction during cutting, e.g. mounted on a rotary cylinder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
- B26D7/06—Arrangements for feeding or delivering work of other than sheet, web, or filamentary form
- B26D7/0641—Arrangements for feeding or delivering work of other than sheet, web, or filamentary form using chutes, hoppers, magazines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
- B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
- B27L11/002—Transporting devices for wood or chips
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
- B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
- B27L11/005—Tools therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
- B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
- B27L11/02—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor of wood shavings or the like
Definitions
- the invention relates to a machine designed to fragment raw blocks of a natural organic material, such as wood, or synthetic, such as a polymer or a derived material.
- a natural organic material such as wood
- synthetic such as a polymer or a derived material.
- fragment here denotes indifferently any operation consisting in particular of cutting, defibrating, reducing, or calibrating the treated material.
- the products obtained may, in particular, be in the form of platelets, chips or fibers.
- the machine according to the invention can in particular be used to obtain fibers for the subsequent manufacture of particle boards, paper, etc.
- the machine according to the invention can be used to treat or recycle certain products, as well as waste.
- the fragmentation of blocks of a material such as wood is effected under optimal conditions when the three parameters of the tangential cutting speed, the speed of advance of the product and the projection of the cutting blades are controlled.
- the pieces of wood are channeled in a pipe to a horizontal or vertical disk, provided with cutting blades positioned radially.
- Cylinders associated with the pipe control the advance of the pieces of wood, at a generally adjustable speed and can be constant.
- Machines of this type make it possible to control two of the parameters which it is necessary to control to work in the best conditions. These two parameters are the protrusion of the cutting blades and the speed of advance of the product.
- the cutting speed is variable and scalable depending on the distance between the cutting zone considered center of the disc. It is therefore not possible to control the tangential cutting speed. Therefore, this type of machine does not work in the best conditions.
- cutting blades are fixed in a static or rotating basket, parallel to its axis, and a central impeller rotates at high speed inside the basket.
- This type of machine makes it possible to control the protrusion of the cutting blades, as well as the cutting speed.
- the speed of advance of the products introduced in the center of the machine and centrifuged by the impeller is random.
- this speed of advance which results from the centrifugal force applied to the treated products, decreases proportionally to the reduction of the volume of the product during the fragmentation operation.
- the feed rate of the product is therefore not controlled, nor the energy consumption of the main engine. Therefore, this type of machine does not allow to work in optimal conditions either.
- the invention specifically relates to a fragmentation machine blocks of a material, such as wood, whose original design allows it to work in the best conditions, controlling both the tangential cutting speed, the speed of advance of the product, the protrusion of the cutting blades and the energy consumption of the main motor.
- this result is obtained by means of a machine for breaking up blocks of a natural or synthetic organic material, such as wood, according to claim 1.
- the machine according to the invention makes it possible to control both the tangential cutting speed and the feed rate of the product, which is not the case in any of the existing machines.
- the machine according to the invention makes it possible to work under optimal conditions.
- the advance control means are able to advance the blocks at a constant speed.
- they preferably include means for adjusting the speed.
- regulation means responsive to the energy absorbed by the rotation control means drive the advance control means to ensure a substantially constant total energy consumption.
- the advance control means can take different forms. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, they comprise an Archimedean screw housed in the feed channel, as well as a drive motor for this screw. Alternatively, the advance control means may also be constituted by a jack-push assembly.
- the cutting members are mounted on external anvils, integral with the basket, by removable fixing means.
- These dismountable fastening means preferably comprise, for each cutting member, an internal clamping wedge adapted to apply the cutting member against the anvil, under the effect of the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the basket, to the less a connecting member connecting the clamping wedge to the anvil with a clearance allowing assembly and disassembly of the cutting member, and elastic means urging the clamping wedge towards the anvil, against the aforementioned game.
- Each connecting member may then comprise a screw, screwed into the clamping wedge, freely passing through the anvil and provided with a disassembly head accessible from outside the basket.
- Each of the cutting members may in particular comprise a blade fixed on a blade holder, for example by means of screws, positioning fingers or by interlocking.
- said channel advantageously comprises a dump hatch in a part situated outside the basket.
- the feed channel is preferably movable, for example tilting or sliding, relative to the basket.
- the supply channel can then be brought into a maintenance position, in which it is completely outside the basket.
- the rotating basket can be mounted coaxially inside a static basket including a cylindrical wall includes, alternately, rasps and calibration zones. Percussion irons are then attached to the rotating basket, and mounted between the latter and the static basket, close to the cylindrical wall of the latter.
- the rotating basket is generally supported and surrounded by a fixed housing provided with an access door for the replacement of cutting members.
- the axis of the rotary basket is substantially horizontal and a single inclined and ascending supply channel opens near the upper generatrix of this basket.
- the axis of the rotating basket is substantially horizontal and two substantially horizontal supply channels enter the basket, on either side thereof.
- the axis of the rotary basket is substantially vertical and several inclined and descending supply channels open into said basket.
- the machine comprises a frame 10, which rests on the ground 12 above a well 14.
- the frame 10 is provided with means, such as a bearing 16, adapted to rotatably support a basket 18 in the form of a drum.
- a bearing 16 adapted to rotatably support a basket 18 in the form of a drum.
- the axis 20 of the rotary basket 18 is substantially horizontal.
- the rotating basket 18 is placed above the well 14.
- Means 22 for controlling the rotation of the basket 18, such as an electric motor carried by the frame 10, are provided for driving the basket 18 in rotation about its axis. 20, via a shaft 24 mounted in the bearing 16.
- the frame 10 comprises a casing 26 which completely envelopes the basket 18, with the exception of the lower part thereof situated above the well 14.
- the basket 18 comprises a flange 28 fixed in its central part to the shaft 24, a cylindrical cutting portion 30, which will be described in detail hereinafter, and an annular disc 32, connected to the periphery of the flange 28 by the cylindrical cutting portion 30.
- the fragmentation machine further comprises a feed channel 34 whose axis is contained in a plane passing through the axis of rotation 20 of the basket 18 and inclined, for example by approximately 45.degree. relative to this axis 20.
- the feed channel 34 is arranged such that its closed, low end is located outside the basket 18 and the frame 10, on the opposite side to the rotation control means 22. On the contrary, the open, upper end of the feed channel 34 is placed inside the basket 18 and opens into the latter in the immediate vicinity of the highest generatrix of the cutting region 30. Between its two ends, the feed channel 34 passes through an opening formed in the housing 26 and is fixed to the frame 10. The channel also feeds through a circular opening formed in the annular disk 32.
- Advance control means are associated with the feed channel 34, in order to convey at a controlled advance speed blocks or pieces of the material to be broken up to the cylindrical cutting portion 30 of the basket 18. according to an upward movement within the channel 34.
- these advance control means comprise an Archimedean screw 36 mounted coaxially in the feed channel 34, as well as a drive motor 38 of the screw 36, such as than a regulated electric motor.
- the advance control means may also be constituted by a push cylinder or by any similar device.
- the blocks or pieces of material to be fragmented are introduced into the bottom of the supply channel 34, outside the casing 26, by a chute or vertical hopper 40 opening directly into the lower part of the channel.
- the fragmentation machine according to the invention makes it possible to control both the feed rate blocks of material to be fragmented and the tangential cutting speed of these blocks. Since the control of the protrusion of the cutting blades does not pose any particular problem, the machine according to the invention therefore makes it possible to work in the best possible conditions.
- the advance control means constituted by the Archimedes screw 36 and the motor 38 in the mode of embodiment shown, are designed so as to ensure the advance of the blocks of material in the feed channel 34 at a constant speed.
- means for adjusting this speed are advantageously provided, for example at the motor 38.
- regulation means associated with the motor 38 can make it possible to ensure a substantially constant total energy consumption on the machine.
- the regulation means receive signals representative of the energy absorbed by the motor 22 ensuring the rotation control of the basket 18.
- the control means determine, from these signals, the energy remaining available for the motor 38 and it is controlled accordingly.
- a hatch 35 placed in the lower part and on the lower face of the supply channel 34, outside the casing 26, empties the channel at the stop of the machine. After opening of the hatch 35, the channel 34 is emptied by controlling a rotation in the opposite direction of the Archimedean screw 36, using the motor 38.
- the cylindrical cutting portion 30 of the basket 18 (FIG. 1) is in the form of external anvils 46, positioned over a certain radius with respect to the axis 20 of the basket. and spaced circumferentially from each other by a small predetermined distance.
- each of the outer anvils 46 is integral with the basket 18 and its ends are fixed respectively to the flange 28 and to the annular disk 32. (figure 1).
- each of the anvils 46 comprises an interchangeable cutting member 44.
- each anvil 46 has a recess 48 of approximately V-shaped section.
- each of the recesses 48 has a front flank 50 inclined at an angle ⁇ with respect to a radial direction, as well as a radially oriented rear flank 52.
- each of the recesses 48 has a recessed portion 54 whose shape is complementary to that of the cutting member 44 and in which is housed this member. More specifically, the cutting member 44 comprises a blade holder 56 which is housed in the bottom of the recessed portion 54, and a cutting blade 58, fixed to the blade holder 56 and flush with the leading edge 50 when the cutting member 44 is placed in the hollow portion 54. The cutting edge 60 of the cutting blade 58 then protrudes forwardly and inwardly, over predetermined distances, respectively with respect to the anvil 46 and with respect to a wear shoe 62 mounted inside the anvil 46, on an inner clamping wedge 64.
- the wear shoe 62 is carried by the inner clamping wedge 64, whose shape is complementary to that of the recess 48, V-shaped and angle a.
- the clamping wedge 64 is mounted in the recess 48 and connected to the anvil 46 by one or more connecting members, such as screws 66. More specifically, each screw 66 is screwed into a threaded hole 68, machined in the clamping wedge 64, and freely passes through a hole 70 formed in the anvil 46.
- the head 72 of the screw 66 located outside the anvil 46, is supported on the latter by means of elastic means constituted, for example, by a stack of Belleville washers 74.
- a washer 76 is advantageously interposed between the head 72 of the screw and Belleville washers 74. The arrangement is such that the axes of the screws 66 are oriented substantially radially relative to the axis of the basket.
- the internal clamping wedge 64, the connecting members constituted by the screws 66, as well as the elastic means constituted by the Belleville washers 74 form demountable fixing means of the cutting member 44.
- the cutting member 44 can be easily disassembled and replaced by exerting pressure on the head 72 of each of the screws 66. Under the effect of this pressure, the stack of washers Belleville 74 is compressed and the assembly constituted by the clamping wedge 64, the wear shoe 72 and the screws 66 is moved radially inwards by sliding along the rear flank 52. The clearance available to the screw 66 relative to the an anvil 46 is determined such that the clamping wedge 64 and the wear shoe 62 are then spaced from the front flank 50 of the recess 48 a sufficient distance to allow the extraction of the cutting member 44 out of the recessed portion 54.
- the elastic means constituted in this case by the stack of Belleville washers 74, exert a sufficient force to hold the cutting member 44 in the recessed portion 54.
- the mounting of the cutting blade 58 on the blade holder 56 can be achieved in different ways, without departing from the scope of the invention.
- the cutting blade 58 can be fixed on the blade holder 56 by one or more screws 78.
- the attachment of the blade 58 on the blade holder 56 can be provided by interlocking.
- the blade holder 56 may in particular have one or more protrusions 80 which are forcibly engaged in complementary housings 82 machined in the blade 58.
- the attachment of the blade 58 to the blade holder 56 is provided by positioning fingers 84 which are force-fitted into holes 86 and 88 respectively machined in the blade holder 56 and in the blade 58.
- a hatch (not shown) may be provided on the casing 26, in front of the cylindrical cutting portion 30 of the basket 18.
- the supply channel 34 and the associated advance control means can also be mounted movably on the frame 10. A pivoting or sliding of the channel then allows to completely clear the basket 18. This can thus be replaced by another basket equipped for example with new cutting members or resharpened and adjusted.
- the machine which is also identical to that just described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4, makes it possible to further fragment the blocks of material 90.
- the rotating basket 18 has, outside the anvils 46, percussive irons 94 also oriented parallel to the axis of the basket.
- the number of hammers 94 is generally less than that of the anvils 46.
- a static basket 96 is interposed between the rotating basket and the casing 26 ( Figure 1) of the machine.
- This static basket 96 is fixed to the frame 10 of the machine, close to the percussive irons 94. It essentially comprises a cylindrical wall which alternately includes, in the circumferential direction, rasps 98 and calibration zones 100.
- the rasps 98 are turned inwards and the calibration zones 100 are formed for example of grids or perforated plates, so as to form passages of calibrated section.
- the chips or chips 92 formed outside the anvils 46 are rotated by the percussive irons 94 so as to be applied against the rasps 98 of the static basket 96.
- the fibers 102 thus formed cross the calibration areas 100 when their section is sufficiently small.
- the fragmented products collected in the well 14 of the machine are no longer wafers or chips 92 as in the first embodiment described, but fibers of calibrated section 102, particularly suitable for use in the manufacture particle board or paper.
- the invention is not limited to the embodiments which have just been described by way of examples.
- the orientation of the axis of rotation of the basket 18 as well as the number and orientation of the feed channels 34 may be substantially different from those described.
- a bin having a horizontal axis, but whose rotational drive is performed at its periphery, can be associated with two feed channels entering the basket on either side of it and arranged substantially horizontally.
- the axis of rotation of the basket can be vertical.
- several channels Inclined and descending feeds can open simultaneously inside the bin.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
- Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne une machine conçue pour fragmenter des blocs bruts d'une matière organique naturelle, telle que du bois, ou synthétique, telle qu'un polymère ou une matière dérivée. Une telle machine est connu de US-A-3,991,946.The invention relates to a machine designed to fragment raw blocks of a natural organic material, such as wood, or synthetic, such as a polymer or a derived material. Such a machine is known from US-A-3,991,946.
Le terme « fragmenté » désigne ici indifféremment toute opération consistant notamment à couper, défibrer, réduire, ou calibrer la matière traitée. Ainsi, dans le cas du bois, les produits obtenus peuvent notamment se présenter, selon le cas, sous la forme de plaquettes, de copeaux, ou de fibres.The term "fragmented" here denotes indifferently any operation consisting in particular of cutting, defibrating, reducing, or calibrating the treated material. Thus, in the case of wood, the products obtained may, in particular, be in the form of platelets, chips or fibers.
Dans l'industrie du bois, la machine selon l'invention peut notamment être utilisée pour l'obtention de fibres destinées à la fabrication ultérieure de panneaux de particules, de papier, etc. Dans l'industrie des matières plastiques, la machine selon l'invention peut être utilisée pour traiter ou recycler certains produits, ainsi que des déchets.In the wood industry, the machine according to the invention can in particular be used to obtain fibers for the subsequent manufacture of particle boards, paper, etc. In the plastics industry, the machine according to the invention can be used to treat or recycle certain products, as well as waste.
La fragmentation de blocs d'une matière telle que du bois s'effectue dans des conditions optimales lorsque les trois paramètres que sont la vitesse tangentielle de coupe, la vitesse d'avance du produit et la saillie des lames de coupe sont maîtrisés.The fragmentation of blocks of a material such as wood is effected under optimal conditions when the three parameters of the tangential cutting speed, the speed of advance of the product and the projection of the cutting blades are controlled.
Différentes machines ont été développées dans le passé, notamment dans l'industrie du bois, pour fragmenter des blocs volumineux, afin d'obtenir des plaquettes ou des copeaux. Ces machines sont essentiellement de deux types : les machines à disque horizontal ou vertical et les machines à corbeille périphérique à percuteur.Various machines have been developed in the past, particularly in the wood industry, to break up bulky blocks in order to obtain chips or chips. These machines are essentially of two types: horizontal or vertical disc machines and peripheral striker machines.
Dans les machines à disque horizontal ou vertical, les morceaux de bois sont canalisés dans une conduite jusqu'à un disque horizontal ou vertical, muni de lames de coupe positionnées radialement. Des vérins associés à la conduite commandent l'avance des morceaux de bois, à une vitesse généralement réglable et pouvant être constante.In horizontal or vertical disc machines, the pieces of wood are channeled in a pipe to a horizontal or vertical disk, provided with cutting blades positioned radially. Cylinders associated with the pipe control the advance of the pieces of wood, at a generally adjustable speed and can be constant.
Les machines de ce type permettent de contrôler deux des paramètres qu'il est nécessaire de maîtriser pour travailler dans les meilleures conditions. Ces deux paramètres sont la saillie des lames de coupe et la vitesse d'avance du produit.Machines of this type make it possible to control two of the parameters which it is necessary to control to work in the best conditions. These two parameters are the protrusion of the cutting blades and the speed of advance of the product.
En revanche, du fait que les lames de coupe sont positionnées radialement sur le disque, la vitesse de coupe est variable et évolutive selon la distance qui sépare la zone de coupe considérée du centre du disque. Il n'est donc pas possible de maîtriser la vitesse tangentielle de coupe. Par conséquent, ce type de machine ne permet pas de travailler dans les meilleures conditions.However, because the cutting blades are positioned radially on the disk, the cutting speed is variable and scalable depending on the distance between the cutting zone considered center of the disc. It is therefore not possible to control the tangential cutting speed. Therefore, this type of machine does not work in the best conditions.
Dans les machines à corbeille périphérique à percuteur, des lames de coupe sont fixées dans une corbeille statique ou tournante, parallèlement à son axe, et une roue centrale à pales tourne à grande vitesse à l'intérieur de la corbeille.In machines with peripheral striker bins, cutting blades are fixed in a static or rotating basket, parallel to its axis, and a central impeller rotates at high speed inside the basket.
Ce type de machine permet de maîtriser la saillie des lames de coupe, ainsi que la vitesse de coupe. En revanche, la vitesse d'avance des produits introduits au centre de la machine et centrifugés par la roue à pales est aléatoire. De plus, cette vitesse d'avance, qui découle de la force centrifuge appliquée sur les produits traités, décroît proportionnellement à la réduction du volume du produit au cours de l'opération de fragmentation. La vitesse d'avance du produit n'est donc pas maîtrisée, ni la consommation d'énergie du moteur principal. Par conséquent, ce type de machine ne permet pas non plus de travailler dans des conditions optimales.This type of machine makes it possible to control the protrusion of the cutting blades, as well as the cutting speed. On the other hand, the speed of advance of the products introduced in the center of the machine and centrifuged by the impeller is random. In addition, this speed of advance, which results from the centrifugal force applied to the treated products, decreases proportionally to the reduction of the volume of the product during the fragmentation operation. The feed rate of the product is therefore not controlled, nor the energy consumption of the main engine. Therefore, this type of machine does not allow to work in optimal conditions either.
L'invention a précisément pour objet une machine de fragmentation de blocs d'une matière, telle que du bois, dont la conception originale lui permet de travailler dans les meilleures conditions, en maîtrisant à la fois la vitesse tangentielle de coupe, la vitesse d'avance du produit, la saillie des lames de coupe et la consommation d'énergie du moteur principal.The invention specifically relates to a fragmentation machine blocks of a material, such as wood, whose original design allows it to work in the best conditions, controlling both the tangential cutting speed, the speed of advance of the product, the protrusion of the cutting blades and the energy consumption of the main motor.
Conformément à l'invention, ce résultat est obtenu au moyen d'une machine pour fragmenter des blocs d'une matière organique naturelle ou synthétique, telle que du bois, conforme à la revendication 1.According to the invention, this result is obtained by means of a machine for breaking up blocks of a natural or synthetic organic material, such as wood, according to claim 1.
En combinant l'utilisation d'un canal d'alimentation associé à des moyens de commande d'avance, comme dans les machines à disque horizontal ou vertical, avec l'utilisation totalement originale d'une corbeille rotative portant les organes de coupe, la machine selon l'invention permet de maîtriser à la fois la vitesse tangentielle de coupe et la vitesse d'avance du produit, ce qui n'est le cas dans aucune des machines existantes. En ajoutant à la maîtrise de ces paramètres l'aptitude, plus classique, à contrôler la saillie des organes de coupe, la machine selon l'invention permet de travailler dans des conditions optimales.By combining the use of a feed channel associated with advance control means, such as in horizontal or vertical disk machines, with the completely novel use of a rotating basket carrying the cutting members, the The machine according to the invention makes it possible to control both the tangential cutting speed and the feed rate of the product, which is not the case in any of the existing machines. By adding to the control of these parameters the more conventional ability to control the protrusion of the cutting members, the machine according to the invention makes it possible to work under optimal conditions.
Dans un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, les moyens de commande d'avance sont aptes à faire avancer les blocs à vitesse constante. De plus, ils incluent de préférence des moyens de réglage de la vitesse.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the advance control means are able to advance the blocks at a constant speed. In addition, they preferably include means for adjusting the speed.
En variante, des moyens de régulation sensibles à l'énergie absorbée par les moyens de commande de rotation pilotent les moyens de commande d'avance, pour assurer une consommation totale d'énergie sensiblement constante.In a variant, regulation means responsive to the energy absorbed by the rotation control means drive the advance control means to ensure a substantially constant total energy consumption.
Les moyens de commande d'avance peuvent prendre différentes formes. Dans le mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, ils comprennent une vis d'Archimède logée dans le canal d'alimentation, ainsi qu'un moteur d'entraînement de cette vis. En variante, les moyens de commande d'avance peuvent aussi être constitués par un ensemble vérin-poussoir.The advance control means can take different forms. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, they comprise an Archimedean screw housed in the feed channel, as well as a drive motor for this screw. Alternatively, the advance control means may also be constituted by a jack-push assembly.
Avantageusement, les organes de coupe sont montés sur des enclumes extérieures, solidaires de la corbeille, par des moyens de fixation démontables.Advantageously, the cutting members are mounted on external anvils, integral with the basket, by removable fixing means.
Ces moyens de fixation démontables comprennent de préférence, pour chaque organe de coupe, un coin de serrage intérieur apte à appliquer l'organe de coupe contre l'enclume, sous l'effet de la force centrifuge engendrée par la rotation de la corbeille, au moins un organe de liaison reliant le coin de serrage à l'enclume avec un jeu autorisant un montage et un démontage de l'organe de coupe, ainsi que des moyens élastiques sollicitant le coin de serrage vers l'enclume, à l'encontre du jeu précité.These dismountable fastening means preferably comprise, for each cutting member, an internal clamping wedge adapted to apply the cutting member against the anvil, under the effect of the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the basket, to the less a connecting member connecting the clamping wedge to the anvil with a clearance allowing assembly and disassembly of the cutting member, and elastic means urging the clamping wedge towards the anvil, against the aforementioned game.
Chaque organe de liaison peut alors comprendre une vis, vissée dans le coin de serrage, traversant librement l'enclume et munie d'une tête de démontage accessible depuis l'extérieur de la corbeille. Grâce à cet agencement, les organes de coupe peuvent être aisément démontés et remplacés en exerçant une pression sur les têtes de démontage des vis correspondantes.Each connecting member may then comprise a screw, screwed into the clamping wedge, freely passing through the anvil and provided with a disassembly head accessible from outside the basket. With this arrangement, the cutting members can be easily removed and replaced by exerting pressure on the disassembly heads of the corresponding screws.
Chacun des organes de coupe peut notamment comprendre une lame fixée sur un porte-lame, par exemple au moyen de vis, de doigts de positionnement ou par emboîtement.Each of the cutting members may in particular comprise a blade fixed on a blade holder, for example by means of screws, positioning fingers or by interlocking.
Afin de pouvoir vider le canal d'alimentation à l'arrêt de la machine, ledit canal comprend avantageusement une trappe de vidage dans une partie située à l'extérieur de la corbeille.In order to be able to empty the supply channel when the machine stops, said channel advantageously comprises a dump hatch in a part situated outside the basket.
Pour faciliter le remplacement des organes de coupe, en autorisant un démontage complet de la corbeille, le canal d'alimentation est de préférence mobile, par exemple basculant ou coulissant, par rapport à la corbeille. Le canal d'alimentation peut alors être amené dans une position de maintenance, dans laquelle il est totalement situé à l'extérieur de la corbeille.To facilitate the replacement of the cutting members, allowing complete disassembly of the basket, the feed channel is preferably movable, for example tilting or sliding, relative to the basket. The supply channel can then be brought into a maintenance position, in which it is completely outside the basket.
Selon un perfectionnement permettant de fragmenter le produit sous forme de fibres, la corbeille rotative peut être montée coaxialement à l'intérieur d'une corbeille statique dont une paroi cylindrique inclut, de façon alternée, des râpes et des zones de calibrage. Des fers de percussion sont alors fixés à la corbeille rotative, et montés entre celle-ci et la corbeille statique, à proximité de la paroi cylindrique de cette dernière.According to an improvement for breaking up the product in the form of fibers, the rotating basket can be mounted coaxially inside a static basket including a cylindrical wall includes, alternately, rasps and calibration zones. Percussion irons are then attached to the rotating basket, and mounted between the latter and the static basket, close to the cylindrical wall of the latter.
Par ailleurs, la corbeille rotative est généralement supportée et entourée par un carter fixe pourvu d'une trappe d'accès permettant le remplacement des organes de coupe.Moreover, the rotating basket is generally supported and surrounded by a fixed housing provided with an access door for the replacement of cutting members.
Différents agencements de l'axe de la corbeille rotative et du ou des canaux d'alimentation peuvent être envisagés, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.Different arrangements of the axis of the rotary basket and the supply channel or channels can be envisaged, without departing from the scope of the invention.
Ainsi, selon un premier agencement, l'axe de la corbeille rotative est sensiblement horizontal et un seul canal d'alimentation incliné et ascendant débouche à proximité de la génératrice supérieure de cette corbeille.Thus, according to a first arrangement, the axis of the rotary basket is substantially horizontal and a single inclined and ascending supply channel opens near the upper generatrix of this basket.
Selon un deuxième agencement, l'axe de la corbeille rotative est sensiblement horizontal et deux canaux d'alimentation sensiblement horizontaux pénètrent dans la corbeille, de part et d'autre de celle-ci.According to a second arrangement, the axis of the rotating basket is substantially horizontal and two substantially horizontal supply channels enter the basket, on either side thereof.
Enfin, selon un troisième agencement, l'axe de la corbeille rotative est sensiblement vertical et plusieurs canaux d'alimentation inclinés et descendants débouchent dans ladite corbeille.Finally, according to a third arrangement, the axis of the rotary basket is substantially vertical and several inclined and descending supply channels open into said basket.
On décrira à présent, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, deux modes de réalisation de l'invention, en se référant aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :
- la figure 1 est une coupe schématique qui représente un premier mode de réalisation d'une machine de fragmentation conforme à l'invention ;
- la figure 2 est une coupe, à plus grande échelle, selon la ligne II-II de la figure 1 ;
- la figure 3 est une coupe illustrant, encore à plus grande échelle, l'un des organes de coupe de la machine et les moyens de fixation démontables associés ;
- les figures 4A, 4B et 4C sont des coupes à plus grande échelle illustrant trois exemples de montage d'une lame de coupe sur un porte-lame dans la machine selon l'invention ; et
- la figure 5 est une coupe comparable à la figure 2, illustrant un deuxième mode de réalisation d'une machine de fragmentation conforme à l'invention.
- Figure 1 is a schematic section which shows a first embodiment of a fragmentation machine according to the invention;
- Figure 2 is a section, on a larger scale, along the line II-II of Figure 1;
- Figure 3 is a section illustrating, even on a larger scale, one of the cutting members of the machine and the associated detachable fastening means;
- Figures 4A, 4B and 4C are larger scale sections illustrating three examples of mounting a cutting blade on a blade holder in the machine according to the invention; and
- Figure 5 is a section similar to Figure 2, illustrating a second embodiment of a fragmentation machine according to the invention.
On décrira tout d'abord, en se référant aux figures 1 à 4, un premier mode de réalisation d'une machine de fragmentation conforme à l'invention.Firstly, with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4, a first embodiment of a fragmentation machine according to the invention will be described.
La machine comprend un bâti 10, qui repose sur le sol 12 au-dessus d'un puits 14.The machine comprises a
Le bâti 10 est muni de moyens, tels qu'un palier 16, aptes à supporter de façon rotative une corbeille 18 en forme de tambour. Dans le mode de réalisation illustré sur la figure 1, l'axe 20 de la corbeille rotative 18 est sensiblement horizontal. La corbeille rotative 18 est placée au-dessus du puits 14. Des moyens 22 de commande de rotation de la corbeille 18, tels qu'un moteur électrique porté par le bâti 10, sont prévus pour entraîner la corbeille 18 en rotation autour de son axe 20, par l'intermédiaire d'un arbre 24 monté dans le palier 16.The
Le bâti 10 comporte un carter 26 qui enveloppe totalement la corbeille 18, à l'exception de la partie basse de celle-ci située au-dessus du puits 14.The
Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, la corbeille 18 comprend un flasque 28, fixé dans sa partie centrale à l'arbre 24, une partie cylindrique de coupe 30, qui sera décrite en détail par la suite, ainsi qu'un disque annulaire 32, relié à la périphérie du flasque 28 par la partie cylindrique de coupe 30.In the embodiment shown, the
La machine de fragmentation selon l'invention comprend de plus un canal d'alimentation 34 dont l'axe est contenu dans un plan passant par l'axe de rotation 20 de la corbeille 18 et incliné, par exemple d'environ 45°, par rapport à cet axe 20. Le canal d'alimentation 34 est agencé de façon telle que son extrémité basse, fermée, est située à l'extérieur de la corbeille 18 et du bâti 10, du côté opposé aux moyens 22 de commande de rotation. Au contraire, l'extrémité haute, ouverte, du canal d'alimentation 34 est placée à l'intérieur de la corbeille 18 et débouche dans cette dernière à proximité immédiate de la génératrice la plus haute de la région de coupe 30. Entre ses deux extrémités, le canal d'alimentation 34 traverse une ouverture formée dans le carter 26 et il est fixé au bâti 10. Le canal d'alimentation 34 traverse également une ouverture circulaire formée dans le disque annulaire 32.The fragmentation machine according to the invention further comprises a
Des moyens de commande d'avance sont associés au canal d'alimentation 34, afin d'acheminer à une vitesse d'avance contrôlée des blocs ou des morceaux de la matière à fragmenter jusqu'à la partie cylindrique de coupe 30 de la corbeille 18, selon un mouvement ascendant à l'intérieur du canal 34.Advance control means are associated with the
Dans le mode de réalisation illustré sur la figure 1, ces moyens de commande d'avance comprennent une vis d'Archimède 36 montée coaxialement dans le canal d'alimentation 34, ainsi qu'un moteur d'entraînement 38 de la vis 36, tel qu'un moteur électrique régulé. Dans une variante de réalisation non représentée, les moyens de commande d'avance peuvent aussi être constitués par un vérin-poussoir ou par tout dispositif analogue.In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, these advance control means comprise an
Les blocs ou morceaux de matière à fragmenter sont introduits dans le bas du canal d'alimentation 34, à l'extérieur du carter 26, par une goulotte ou trémie verticale 40 débouchant directement dans la partie basse du canal.The blocks or pieces of material to be fragmented are introduced into the bottom of the
Grâce à la combinaison d'au moins un canal d'alimentation et d'une corbeille rotative munie d'organes de coupe dans la partie cylindrique 30, la machine de fragmentation selon l'invention permet de maîtriser à la fois la vitesse d'avance des blocs de matière à fragmenter et la vitesse tangentielle de coupe de ces blocs. Etant donné que la maîtrise de la saillie des lames de coupe ne pose pas de problème particulier, la machine selon l'invention permet donc de travailler dans les meilleures conditions possibles.Thanks to the combination of at least one feed channel and a rotating basket fitted with cutting members in the
Les moyens de commande d'avance, constitués par la vis d'Archimède 36 et le moteur 38 dans le mode de réalisation représenté, sont conçus de façon à pouvoir assurer l'avance des blocs de matière dans le canal d'alimentation 34 à une vitesse constante. De plus, des moyens de réglage de cette vitesse sont avantageusement prévus, par exemple au niveau du moteur 38.The advance control means, constituted by the
En variante, des moyens de régulation associés au moteur 38 peuvent permettre d'assurer une consommation totale d'énergie sensiblement constante sur la machine. A cet effet, les moyens de régulation reçoivent des signaux représentatifs de l'énergie absorbée par le moteur 22 assurant la commande de rotation de la corbeille 18. Les moyens de régulation déterminent, à partir de ces signaux, l'énergie restant disponible pour le moteur 38 et celui-ci est commandé en conséquence.In a variant, regulation means associated with the
Une trappe 35, placée dans la partie basse et sur la face inférieure du canal d'alimentation 34, à l'extérieur du carter 26, permet de vider le canal à l'arrêt de la machine. Après ouverture de la trappe 35, le canal 34 est vidé en commandant une rotation en sens inverse de la vis d'Archimède 36, à l'aide du moteur 38.A
Comme l'illustre plus précisément la figure 2, la partie cylindrique de coupe 30 de la corbeille 18 (figure 1) se présente sous la forme d'enclumes extérieures 46, positionnées sur un certain rayon par rapport à l'axe 20 de la corbeille et espacées circonférentiellement les unes des autres d'une petite distance prédéterminée.As is more particularly illustrated in FIG. 2, the
Comme le montre plus en détail la figure 3, chacune des enclumes extérieures 46 est solidaire de la corbeille 18 et ses extrémités sont fixées respectivement au flasque 28 et au disque annulaire 32 (figure 1). De plus, chacune des enclumes 46 comprend un organe de coupe interchangeable 44.As shown in more detail in FIG. 3, each of the
Plus précisément, sur sa face tournée vers l'intérieur de la corbeille 18, chaque enclume 46 présente un évidement 48 à section approximativement en forme de V. Ainsi, par rapport au sens de rotation de la corbeille illustré par la flèche F sur la figure 3, chacun des évidements 48 présente un flanc avant 50 incliné d'un angle α par rapport à une direction radiale, ainsi qu'un flanc arrière 52 orienté radialement.More specifically, on its face turned towards the inside of the
Le flanc avant 50 de chacun des évidements 48 présente une partie en creux 54 dont la forme est complémentaire de celle de l'organe de coupe 44 et dans laquelle est logé cet organe. Plus précisément, l'organe de coupe 44 comprend un porte-lame 56 qui vient se loger dans le fond de la partie en creux 54, ainsi qu'une lame de coupe 58, fixée au porte-lame 56 et affleurant le flanc avant 50 lorsque l'organe de coupe 44 est placé dans la partie en creux 54. L'arête de coupe 60 de la lame de coupe 58 fait alors saillie vers l'avant et vers l'intérieur, sur des distances prédéterminées, respectivement par rapport à l'enclume 46 et par rapport à un sabot d'usure 62 monté à l'intérieur de l'enclume 46, sur un coin de serrage intérieur 64.The leading
Le sabot d'usure 62 est porté par le coin de serrage intérieur 64, dont la forme est complémentaire de celle de l'évidement 48, en forme de V et d'angle a. Le coin de serrage 64 est monté dans l'évidement 48 et relié à l'enclume 46 par un ou plusieurs organes de liaison, tels que des vis 66. Plus précisément, chaque vis 66 est vissée dans un trou taraudé 68, usiné dans le coin de serrage 64, et traverse librement un trou 70 pratiqué dans l'enclume 46.The
La tête 72 de la vis 66, située à l'extérieur de l'enclume 46, prend appui sur cette dernière par l'intermédiaire de moyens élastiques constitués, par exemple, par un empilement de rondelles Belleville 74. Une rondelle 76 est avantageusement interposée entre la tête 72 de la vis et les rondelles Belleville 74. L'agencement est tel que les axes des vis 66 sont orientés sensiblement radialement par rapport à l'axe de la corbeille.The
Dans ce mode de réalisation, le coin de serrage intérieur 64, les organes de liaison constitués par les vis 66, ainsi que les moyens élastiques constitués par les rondelles Belleville 74 forment des moyens de fixation démontables de l'organe de coupe 44.In this embodiment, the
En effet, grâce à cet agencement, l'organe de coupe 44 peut être aisément démonté et remplacé en exerçant une pression sur la tête 72 de chacune des vis 66. Sous l'effet de cette pression, l'empilement de rondelles Belleville 74 est comprimé et l'ensemble constitué par le coin de serrage 64, le sabot d'usure 72 et les vis 66 est déplacé radialement vers l'intérieur en coulissant le long du flanc arrière 52. Le jeu dont dispose la vis 66 par rapport à l'enclume 46 est déterminé de façon telle que le coin de serrage 64 et le sabot d'usure 62 soient alors écartés du flanc avant 50 de l'évidement 48 sur une distance suffisante pour permettre l'extraction de l'organe de coupe 44 hors de la partie en creux 54.Indeed, thanks to this arrangement, the cutting
Par ailleurs, lorsque la corbeille ne tourne pas, les moyens élastiques, constitués dans ce cas par l'empilement de rondelles Belleville 74, exercent une force suffisante pour maintenir l'organe de coupe 44 dans la partie en creux 54.Moreover, when the basket does not rotate, the elastic means, constituted in this case by the stack of
Lors du fonctionnement de la machine impliquant la rotation de la corbeille 18 dans le sens de la flèche F, la force centrifuge induite par cette rotation s'ajoute à la force exercée par les moyens élastiques pour assurer un maintien efficace des organes de coupe.During operation of the machine involving the rotation of the
Comme on l'a illustré schématiquement sur les figures 4A, 4B et 4C, le montage de la lame de coupe 58 sur le porte-lame 56 peut être réalisé de différentes manières, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.As schematically illustrated in Figures 4A, 4B and 4C, the mounting of the
Ainsi, comme l'illustre la figure 4A, la lame de coupe 58 peut être fixée sur le porte-lame 56 par une ou plusieurs vis 78.Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 4A, the
En variante et comme l'illustre la figure 4B, la fixation de la lame 58 sur le porte-lame 56 peut être assurée par emboîtement. A cet effet, le porte-lame 56 peut notamment présenter une ou plusieurs saillies 80 qui viennent s'emmancher à force dans des logements complémentaires 82 usinés dans la lame 58.Alternatively and as shown in Figure 4B, the attachment of the
Selon une autre variante, illustrée sur la figure 4C, la fixation de la lame 58 sur le porte-lame 56 est assurée par des doigts de positionnement 84 qui sont emmanchés à force dans des trous 86 et 88 usinés respectivement dans le porte-lame 56 et dans la lame 58.According to another variant, illustrated in Figure 4C, the attachment of the
En se référant à nouveau à la figure 2, on voit que l'agencement qui vient d'être décrit permet de fragmenter des blocs 90 d'une matière organique ou synthétique, telle que du bois en plaquettes ou en copeaux 92 de relativement petites dimensions. Les plaquettes ou copeaux 92 sont recueillis dans le puits 14 (figure 1).Referring again to FIG. 2, it can be seen that the arrangement that has just been described makes it possible to break
Pour faciliter le remplacement des organes de coupe 44, une trappe (non représentée) peut être prévue sur le carter 26, en face de la partie cylindrique de coupe 30 de la corbeille 18.To facilitate the replacement of the
Le canal d'alimentation 34 et les moyens de commande d'avance qui lui sont associés peuvent aussi être montés de façon mobile sur le bâti 10. Un pivotement ou un coulissement du canal permet alors de dégager totalement la corbeille 18. Celle-ci peut ainsi être remplacée par une autre corbeille équipée par exemple d'organes de coupe neufs ou réaffûtés et réglés.The
Dans un mode de réalisation perfectionné, illustré sur la figure 5, la machine, par ailleurs identique à celle qui vient d'être décrite en se référant aux figures 1 à 4, permet d'assurer une fragmentation supplémentaire des blocs de matière 90.In an improved embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 5, the machine, which is also identical to that just described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4, makes it possible to further fragment the blocks of
Dans ce mode de réalisation perfectionnée de l'invention, la corbeille rotative 18 comporte, à l'extérieur des enclumes 46, des fers de percussion 94 également orientés parallèlement à l'axe de la corbeille. Le nombre de fers de percussion 94 est généralement inférieur à celui des enclumes 46.In this improved embodiment of the invention, the rotating
De plus, une corbeille statique 96 est interposée entre la corbeille rotative et le carter 26 (figure 1) de la machine. Cette corbeille statique 96 est fixée au bâti 10 de la machine, à proximité des fers de percussion 94. Elle comprend essentiellement une paroi cylindrique qui inclut alternativement, dans le sens circonférentiel, des râpes 98 et des zones de calibrage 100. Les râpes 98 sont tournées vers l'intérieur et les zones de calibrage 100 sont formées par exemple de grilles ou de plaques perforées, de façon à former des passages de section calibrée.In addition, a
Lorsque la machine est en fonctionnement, les plaquettes ou copeaux 92 formés à l'extérieur des enclumes 46 sont entraînés en rotation par les fers de percussion 94 de façon à être appliqués contre les râpes 98 de la corbeille statique 96. Les fibres 102 ainsi formées traversent les zones de calibrage 100 lorsque leur section est suffisamment petite.When the machine is in operation, the chips or
Dans ce cas, les produits fragmentés recueillis dans le puits 14 de la machine ne sont plus des plaquettes ou des copeaux 92 comme dans le premier mode de réalisation décrit, mais des fibres de section calibrée 102, susceptibles notamment d'être utilisées dans la fabrication de panneaux de particules ou de papier.In this case, the fragmented products collected in the well 14 of the machine are no longer wafers or
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation qui viennent d'être décrits à titre d'exemples. En particulier, l'orientation de l'axe de rotation 20 de la corbeille 18 ainsi que le nombre et l'orientation des canaux d'alimentation 34 peuvent être sensiblement différents de ceux qui ont été décrits.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments which have just been described by way of examples. In particular, the orientation of the axis of rotation of the
Ainsi, dans une variante non représentée, une corbeille d'axe horizontal, mais dont l'entraînement en rotation est réalisé au niveau de sa périphérie, peut être associée à deux canaux d'alimentation pénétrant dans la corbeille de part et d'autre de celle-ci et agencés sensiblement horizontalement.Thus, in a variant not shown, a bin having a horizontal axis, but whose rotational drive is performed at its periphery, can be associated with two feed channels entering the basket on either side of it and arranged substantially horizontally.
Dans une autre variante de réalisation non représentée, l'axe de rotation de la corbeille peut être vertical. Dans ce cas, plusieurs canaux d'alimentation inclinés et descendants peuvent déboucher simultanément à l'intérieur de la corbeille.In another embodiment not shown, the axis of rotation of the basket can be vertical. In this case, several channels Inclined and descending feeds can open simultaneously inside the bin.
Claims (11)
- Crushing machine (90) for blocks of natural or synthetic organic material such as wood, including a rotating basket (18) suitable for being drawn in rotation around an axis (20) by rotation control means (22); the said basket being equipped with cutting devices (44) which protrude towards the inside of the basket (18) and are directed substantially parallel to the said axis, the machine including at least one fixed channel (34) for feeding the blocks to be crushed, a first end of which is situated outside the basket, and a second end of which is placed inside the basket (18) and opens into the latter before the cutting devices (44), characterised in that it includes control means (36, 38) for feeding blocks (90) into the channel (34), designed to direct the said blocks to the cutting devices at a controlled and constant feed speed, and the feed control means (36, 38) include means for adjusting the said constant speed, including a lifting screw (36) housed in the channel (34), and a motor (38) for driving the said screw.
- Machine according to claim 1, in which adjustment means, responsive to the energy absorbed by the rotation control means (22), pilot the feed control means (26, 38) in order to ensure substantially constant total energy consumption.
- Machine according to any of the previous claims, in which the cutting devices (44) are fitted onto exterior anvils (46), integral with the basket (18), by demountable fixing means.
- Machine according to claim 3, in which the fixing means include, for each cutting device (44), an interior taper wedge (64) suitable for applying the cutting device against the anvil (46), under the effect of the centrifugal force caused by a rotation of the basket, at least one connection device (66) linking the taper wedge (64) to the anvil (46) with a play which allows assembly and disassembly of the cutting device (44), and resilient means (74) which urge the taper wedge (64) towards the anvil (46), against the said play.
- Machine according to claim 4, in which each connection device includes a screw (66) screwed into the taper wedge (64), freely crossing the anvil (46) and equipped with a disassembly head (72) accessible from the outside of the basket (18).
- Machine according to any of the previous claims, in which each cutting device (44) includes a blade (58) fixed onto a blade holder (56).
- Machine according to any of the previous claims, in which the channel (34) includes an emptying trap (35) in a part situated outside the basket (18).
- Machine according to any of the previous claims, in which the channel (34) is movable in relation to the basket (18), so that it can be brought to a position of maintenance in which the channel (34) is situated totally outside the basket.
- Machine according to any of the previous claims, in which the rotating basket (18) is mounted coaxially inside a static basket (96), one cylindrical wall of which includes, alternately, rasps (98) and sizing zones (100), and impact irons (94) fixed on the rotating basket (18) are fitted between the latter and the static basket (96), close to its cylindrical wall.
- Machine according to any of the previous claims, in which the rotating basket (18) is surrounded by a fixed housing (26), which is provided with a trap giving access to the cutting devices (44).
- Machine according to any of the previous claims, in which the axis of the rotating basket (18) is substantially horizontal, and an upwardly sloping single feed channel (34) opens out close to the upper generator of the said rotating basket.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR9812073A FR2783725B1 (en) | 1998-09-28 | 1998-09-28 | MACHINE FOR FRAGMENTING BLOCKS OF NATURAL OR SYNTHETIC ORGANIC MATERIAL, SUCH AS WOOD |
FR9812073 | 1998-09-28 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0990494A1 EP0990494A1 (en) | 2000-04-05 |
EP0990494B1 true EP0990494B1 (en) | 2006-04-26 |
Family
ID=9530901
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP99402341A Expired - Lifetime EP0990494B1 (en) | 1998-09-28 | 1999-09-24 | Apparatus for comminuting blocks of natural or synthetic organic material such as wood |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP0990494B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE324236T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69931002T2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2783725B1 (en) |
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US7836923B2 (en) | 2002-10-25 | 2010-11-23 | Key Knife, Inc. | Ring slicer with easily removable knife and knife assembly |
DE102007002602A1 (en) * | 2006-12-04 | 2008-06-05 | Müllers & Backhaus GmbH & Co. KG | Crushing device for cutting wood into pieces comprises rotating cutting blades connected to units for crushing wood pieces |
DE102012110344B4 (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2015-06-18 | Siempelkamp Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh | Knife ring for a knife ring chipper |
CN108501085B (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2024-04-19 | 巢湖学院 | Multifunctional vegetable cutter for cutting root vegetables and block vegetables |
CN117654746B (en) * | 2024-01-30 | 2024-04-30 | 蒲城毅力金属铸造材料有限公司 | Crushing and granulating device and method for composite inoculant |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE965355C (en) * | 1953-03-12 | 1957-06-06 | Max Himmelheber Dipl Ing | Drum chipper for wood |
US3014511A (en) * | 1959-03-12 | 1961-12-26 | Kirsten Paul Arthur | Rotary tool for woodworking and woodcutting machines |
US3139130A (en) * | 1959-12-03 | 1964-06-30 | Joe R Urschel | Method of slicing food products |
US3407854A (en) * | 1966-03-23 | 1968-10-29 | Black Clawson Co | Wood chipping apparatus |
US3913643A (en) * | 1974-02-19 | 1975-10-21 | Multiply Dev Corp Ltd | Apparatus for producing wafers from wood |
SE7411249L (en) * | 1974-09-05 | 1976-03-08 | Cellwood Machinery Ab | MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURE OF TRESPAN FROM THE CUTTING TILE |
US4813317A (en) * | 1987-04-23 | 1989-03-21 | Urschel Laboratories, Inc. | Rotary slicing machine |
DE3839831A1 (en) * | 1988-11-25 | 1990-05-31 | Hoechst Ag | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCT-FRIENDLY GRINDING AND SIMULTANEOUS DRYING OF DAMP CELLULOSE ETHERS |
FI87159C (en) * | 1990-07-26 | 1992-12-10 | Kone Oy | Method and apparatus for replacing the knife in a slicer |
WO1994013442A1 (en) * | 1992-12-14 | 1994-06-23 | Telcor Pty. Ltd. | Size reduction machinery |
DE19518354C2 (en) * | 1995-05-19 | 1997-02-27 | Pallmann Kg Maschf | Method and device for automatically changing ring-shaped shredding tools on shredding machines, in particular knife rings for wood-cutting machines |
-
1998
- 1998-09-28 FR FR9812073A patent/FR2783725B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-09-24 EP EP99402341A patent/EP0990494B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-24 AT AT99402341T patent/ATE324236T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-09-24 DE DE69931002T patent/DE69931002T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69931002D1 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
DE69931002T2 (en) | 2007-05-10 |
FR2783725B1 (en) | 2000-12-15 |
EP0990494A1 (en) | 2000-04-05 |
FR2783725A1 (en) | 2000-03-31 |
ATE324236T1 (en) | 2006-05-15 |
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