EP0985466B1 - Procede de fabrication d'un outil d'emboutissage en beton hydraulique couvert au moins partiellement d'une coque metallique - Google Patents
Procede de fabrication d'un outil d'emboutissage en beton hydraulique couvert au moins partiellement d'une coque metallique Download PDFInfo
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- EP0985466B1 EP0985466B1 EP99402211A EP99402211A EP0985466B1 EP 0985466 B1 EP0985466 B1 EP 0985466B1 EP 99402211 A EP99402211 A EP 99402211A EP 99402211 A EP99402211 A EP 99402211A EP 0985466 B1 EP0985466 B1 EP 0985466B1
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- concrete
- shell
- composition
- tool
- metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/20—Making tools by operations not covered by a single other subclass
Definitions
- the invention relates to stamping tools for concrete steel sheets. hydraulics and the manufacturing processes of these tools.
- Stamping consists of making, from a precut sheet of thin metal called “blank”, a piece of complex shape not developable called “stamped”.
- a stamping installation includes several stamping tools : a "punch” with a “head”, a “matrix” with a “bottom” and a “Hold-down”; the punch head and the die bottom are shaped according to the complex shape of the stamp to be obtained, and in a complementary shape adapted to be able to obtain a complete nesting of the punch head in the bottom of the matrix.
- stamping tools For the production of stampings in large series, one generally uses stamping tools in cast iron or steel.
- stampings for small and medium series, we can use less expensive stamping tools, for example resin, directly molded or machined according to the shape of the tool, or in hydraulic concrete or resin poured onto a surface gel coat.
- stamping tools for example resin, directly molded or machined according to the shape of the tool, or in hydraulic concrete or resin poured onto a surface gel coat.
- the metallic “skin” or “shell” then serves as a support for the concrete. hydraulic or resin and forms, at least partially, the "surface working ”of the tool which comes into contact with the sheet during stamping.
- the metal shell can be prepared by stamping, by projection of metallic particles as described in document FR 2 669 842, for example electrodeposition, or by vapor deposition, or even by other methods.
- This metal shell is generally more than 1 mm thick.
- the invention relates to a hydraulic concrete stamping tool with of a metallic skin.
- the metal shell and concrete have very mechanical characteristics different; during a stamping cycle, especially at the end of the cycle, the shell-concrete interface is stressed by very high shear stresses important, especially in areas with a small radius of curvature; these heavy loads can cause local breaks in the connection between concrete and hull, which limits the performance of the tool.
- bonding is a bonding technique well suited to concrete resin, it is poorly suited to hydraulic concrete because, when pouring concrete hydraulic on a layer of glue, the water of the concrete composition would prevent obtaining a sufficiently resistant bond at the adhesive-concrete interface.
- the invention aims to economically improve the shell-concrete connection a hydraulic concrete stamping tool and improve performance of this tool.
- liquid glue phase designates an applicable conventional glue in liquid form.
- solid phase refers to anchors which are homogeneously dispersed in the bonding composition.
- aggregates can be used classic minerals, which is very economical; to further strengthen the shell-concrete connection, preferably aggregates of the same type than those of the concrete composition; the granulometry of the aggregates of the bonding composition is suitable for the aggregates to emerge partially of the liquid phase of the bonding composition, after application.
- the invention also relates to a hydraulic concrete stamping tool whose surface intended to come into contact with the sheet blank to be stamped is covered, at least partially, of a metal shell linked to the concrete, capable of being obtained by the method according to the invention, characterized in that said shell is linked to the concrete to using a layer of adhesive, mechanical anchoring means being inserted in part in concrete, and partly in said layer of glue.
- the process for manufacturing a stamping tool according to the invention therefore mainly comprises the following stages: preparation of the shell metallic, preparation of a concrete casting mold integrating this shell, preparation of a concrete composition, preparation and application of a bonding composition for the concrete-shell connection, concrete pouring, solidification of the concrete and crosslinking of the adhesive, demoulding of the concrete.
- a matrix composite material can be used organic, prepared for example from a thermosetting resin added charges; if these charges are conductive, one can obtain a composite material conducting the electric current.
- One of the sides of the replica must therefore correspond to the shape predetermined stamped; the state of this surface will condition that of the surface of the stamping tool and also the ease of replica-shell separation, usually after pouring concrete; so it is particularly important to control this surface condition, and surface treatments, such as polishing, can be useful for this purpose.
- the material used to make the replica is not conductive, it the face of the replica which corresponds to the form of the stamped, so that, by immersing this surface in a electroplating bath, you can pass an electroplating current between this surface and a counter-electrode immersed in the bath.
- the surface can be made conductive for example by applying a layer of conductive paint or by chemical or physical deposition of a conductive material (silver or palladium, for example); preferably, the conductive material includes graphite.
- a conductive material silver or palladium, for example
- the thickness of the deposited layer is too great with regard to dimensional tolerances of the tool, it will be advisable to carry out a strips the surface of the replica to a depth corresponding to that paint layer; the surface quality of the deposited layer is also important than that of the replica as previously described.
- the next step includes a suitable plating operation for coating the conductive surface with a thick metallic layer suitable for forming the metal shell of the stamping tool.
- nickel, or copper, or alloys of these can be used metals such as nickel-cobalt alloys.
- the thickness of the metal shell depends on the shape of the stamping, the mechanical characteristics of the tool concrete and the metal of its shell, and planned conditions for using the tool; so for example, shapes stamping complexes, with small radii of curvature, range cause significant stress on the hull and require thickness more important; the thickness which should be given to the shell can be evaluated by methods known per se which will not be described here in detail; this thickness is generally greater than 1 mm.
- Electroplating conditions such as composition and bath temperature, such as current density and charge electrodeposition are adapted in a manner known per se depending on the composition and thickness of the metal layer to be deposited; this deposited layer forms the metal shell of the stamping tool.
- baths are preferably used containing mainly sulfamate and nickel chloride, and acid boric; can be added to these baths organic additives suitable for improve the mechanical properties of the metal shell.
- the deposit for the start of electrodeposition being intended to constitute the surface working of the stamping tool the deposit conditions are particularly important during this phase; in particular, in the event of low conductivity of the conductive layer of the replica and / or so as to obtain a good quality homogeneous plating with low roughness, a very low current density should be applied during this phase, much less than 1 A / dm2; the current density is then increased according to the performances authorized by the bath and within the limits of internal constraints permitted in the thickness deposited.
- Baths containing nickel sulfamate allow to reach high deposition rates, which reduces manufacturing costs.
- a mold is then prepared for the tool stamping, the metal shell being used as the bottom or element of mold, "internal" side facing the inside of the mold; other elements of molding are arranged on the periphery of the shell so as to form a mold adapted to the dimensions of the stamping tool to be manufactured; these others elements can be fixed on the replica of the hull.
- compositions of hydraulic concrete suitable for the manufacture of a stamping tool it's about in general of composition called "BHP" or High Performance Concrete which contain, in addition to the conventional components of concrete, namely a binder hydraulic and aggregates, fumed silica and a superplasticizer.
- the aggregates are for example made up of sand and / or gravel.
- the complete solidification of these concretes can be obtained by storage at room temperature for at least 28 days; she can also be obtained in an accelerated manner by heat treatment.
- the concrete preparation composition that is used contains reinforcing fibers; these metallic fibers allow limit the propagation of cracks in concrete, which increases its resistance to compression, especially tensile and fatigue and further improve the performance of the stamping tool.
- a bonding composition is then prepared and applied to the face internal metal shell, bottom or mold element.
- this adhesive is based on thermosetting polymers, for example of epoxy type; these types of glues are generally two-component, the mixing of the organic components being carried out just before the application; preferably, this adhesive is suitable for crosslinking completely under the conditions of concrete solidification.
- thermoplastics because the shell-concrete cohesion of the tool could be degraded by overheating of the stamping tool in use at high rate, which would seriously affect the performance of this tool.
- the mechanical anchoring means have at least one dimension which extends perpendicular to the surface of the metal shell so as to protrude from the surface of the liquid phase of the bonding composition after application on this hull, so that, after pouring the concrete, these anchoring means are partially embedded in the adhesive layer and for the other part in concrete.
- the bonding composition To apply the bonding composition, one generally starts with coat the inside of the metal shell with a uniform layer of glue classic in the fluid state and the anchoring means are then applied by causing the adhesive layer to penetrate in the fluid state; it is very important that these anchoring means are partially embedded in the adhesive layer and the other part emerges from the free surface of the glue layer so that be able to be embedded later in concrete; after pouring the concrete, the anchoring means must be inserted both into the thickness of the layer of glue and into concrete.
- the dimension of the anchoring means which extends perpendicular to the surface of the shell or to the surface of the layer of glue is greater than the thickness of the layer of glue applied.
- the advantage of using a wire or trellis as an anchor is that the anchoring elements carried by this wire or this mesh are regularly pre-divided.
- the glue then provides a chemical bond between the shell and the concrete, then that the mechanical anchoring means essentially provide a connection mechanical since they are embedded both in the crosslinked adhesive layer and in solidified concrete.
- the advantage of using aggregates as anchors is that the distances between anchor points are very small, especially when the average diameter of these aggregates is relatively small, ie by example between 1.5 and 3 times the thickness of the liquid phase of the collage composition, after application.
- the replica when the replica is made of polymer material and / or when the conductive layer applied to this replica is based on graphite, this separation is facilitated.
- a hydraulic concrete stamping tool is thus obtained, adapted to the preparation of stamps of predetermined shape from sheet metal blanks, tool whose surface intended to come into contact with the sheet blank to be stamped is covered, at least partially, with a metal shell.
- Tool manufacturing can be completed by light machining to correct the dimensions of the tool if necessary and / or by treating the surface working to harden it and / or to adapt its roughness and / or to improve the effect of lubrication in stamping.
- the stamping tool that is obtained offers significantly improved performance compared to those of the same type of art because the bond between the hull and the concrete is very strong, in particular to shear stresses; improving the resistance of this connection with respect to the prior art is illustrated in Example 1 below.
- stamping machines usable for larger production series stampings and / or stampings of more complex shapes, i.e. shapes with small radii of curvature.
- the purpose of this example is to illustrate the effect of solid anchoring means added to the glue on the resistance of the connection between the shell of a tool stamping and the concrete that is poured into this shell.
- the metal plate 2 is made of a bare sheet steel of thickness 1.5 mm; the plate is degreased using trichlorethylene.
- one of the faces of the plate 2 is coated with glue, the coating method being adapted to the type of glue used (see below).
- the mechanical anchoring means are applied.
- the collage composition then includes the glue itself and the mechanical anchoring means.
- the preparation of the assembly then differs depending on whether it is assembly on "old” concrete or assembly on “wet” concrete.
- the bond 3 between block 1 and plate 2 is then provided by the bonding composition.
- connection 3 between block 1 and plate 2 is then provided by the bonding composition.
- the measurement of the shear strength of the connecting joint 3 is then carried out as follows: by holding the block 1 between a support 4 under its lower face and another support 5 on its upper face, a vertical force F is applied to the plate 2 (see arrow in FIG. 1) and the breaking force F r of the joint of the joint 3 is measured.
- the stress on the joint 3 is then essentially in shear.
- test # 16 to 18 and # 22 to 24 The performances obtained with other adhesives on wet concrete (tests # 16 to 18 and # 22 to 24) may be slightly higher but still insufficient to withstand the heavy loads between the concrete and the hull metal of a stamping tool.
- tests no. 4 to 6 and no. 13 to 15, in accordance with the invention show that the composite bonds according to the invention resist much better shear that "glue" connections according to the prior art, on wet concrete (tests n ° 1 to 3 and n ° 16 to 24); the invention therefore relates to the use of a bonding composition comprising mechanical anchoring means such as aggregates (tests n ° 4 to 6) or metal nails (tests n ° 13 to 15).
- An advantage of the composite bond according to the invention lies in the reliability of the resistance of this link: the dispersion of the test results effect on composite bond is indeed much lower than that of results of tests carried out on conventional bonded bond (see Table I); this advantage therefore improves the reliability of stamping tools manufactured according to the invention.
- the face 7 is then made conductive by application a very thin layer of conductive paint containing particles silver: the replica 6 is then provided with a conductive film 8 on its surface 7; the thickness of the conductive film 8 is of the order of a micrometer.
- the conductive film 8 is therefore coated a layer of nickel, which will form the metal shell 9 of the tool stamping.
- nickel is reputed to be strongly adherent; after depositing nickel, we glue a strain gauge on the uncoated side of the sheet and measure using this gauge the relaxation that appears when you remove by EDM of the successive layers of the nickel deposit.
- the aggregates are therefore here formed by the sand of the mortar and the gravel.
- compositions for stamping tool Concrete fibers Mortar gravels Water W / C fluidizersGypsum # 1 0 1270 1250 200 0.41 1.35 (0.3%) # 2 36 (0.5%) 1250 1133 200 0.42 4.75 (1%) # 3 72 (1%) 1500 480 240 0.42 5.7 (1%)
- the W / C ratio designates the weight of water divided by the weight of cement.
- Example 1 two types of bonding composition are used: first corresponding to tests n ° 4 to 6, and the second corresponding to tests 13 to 15; the bonding composition is prepared and applied to the metal plate 2.
- metal inserts 10 and 11 are positioned.
- the concrete composition is then poured into the mold formed by the shell 9 supported by the replica 6, then the concrete is vibrated in the fluid state at using a vibrating needle suitable for this purpose.
- the shell 9 forms the mold corresponding to the shape of the tool to manufacture, there are no other molding elements here, and therefore there is no subsequent release step.
- the concrete is then allowed to set under the following conditions: storage for 28 days in a constant temperature atmosphere ( ⁇ 21 ° C) and constant humidity (around 95%), protecting from desiccation of fresh concrete surfaces exposed to the atmosphere.
- Test pieces of the same concrete are prepared under conditions identical, to assess the mechanical properties.
- the withdrawal at 30 days is of the order of 0.05 mm / m for the three concrete compositions.
- This table illustrates the reinforcing effect of the fibers introduced into the concrete composition.
- the replica 6 After casting and solidification, the replica 6 is separated from the hull metal 9 secured to the solidified concrete part 12, and the tool is obtained stamping as shown in Figure 4.
- Figure 4 illustrates the connection between the concrete part 12 and the shell 9 provided by the bonding composition comprising crosslinked glue 13 and aggregates 14.
- the inserts and the part of the surface of the tool which is concrete are machined in order to obtain the desired dimensions and centering; shell 9 electroformed does requires no special treatment before using the tool in press stamping.
- a particularly efficient stamping tool is thus obtained, very resistant to wear and allowing high-speed stamped quality.
- stamping tools obtained were tested on an industrial press and have given satisfaction under conventional stamping conditions; the tests have shown that a single tool can perform several hundred thousands of stamps.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
- Aftertreatments Of Artificial And Natural Stones (AREA)
- Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Description
- dans le document FR 2 669 842 pour du béton de résine,
- dans le document US 1 935 916 pour du béton hydraulique,
- ou dans l'article intitulé « A functional approach to die and process development : the « composite » die and hydroforming »- Auteurs : G.GALLINARO - Revue : ATA - Ingegneria Automotoristica, Novembre-Décembre 1997, vol.50, n°11/12, pp.635-646.
- préparer une coque métallique présentant une face dite « externe » correspondant à la forme prédéterminée de l'embouti et une face opposée dite « interne »,
- préparer un moule pour l'outil d'emboutissage en utilisant ladite coque comme fond ou élément de moule, face interne tournée vers l'intérieur du moule, et en utilisant, le cas échéant, d'autres éléments de moulage,
- couler dans ledit moule une composition de préparation dudit béton, et solidifier ladite composition,
- démouler ladite composition solidifiée en enlevant les éventuels autres éléments de moulage, tout en maintenant la coque en place liée par collage au béton solidifié.
- préparer ladite coque métallique de manière à ce qu'elle présente une face dite « externe » correspondant à la forme prédéterminée de l'embouti et une face opposée dite « interne »,
- préparer un moule pour l'outil d'emboutissage en prenant ladite coque comme fond ou élément de moule, face interne tournée vers l'intérieur du moule,
- couler dans ledit moule une composition de préparation dudit béton comprenant des granulats,
- solidifier ladite composition,
- l'étape de préparation de la coque comprend les étapes consistant à :
- réaliser une réplique présentant une surface correspondant à la forme prédéterminée de l'embouti,
- le cas échéant, rendre conductrice ladite surface de la réplique,
- revêtir ladite surface de réplique ou, le cas échéant, ladite surface conductrice, d'une couche métallique par électrodéposition jusqu'à former une coque métallique, la face interne de la coque correspondant alors au dépôt métallique de fin d'électrodéposition.
- ladite couche métallique est à base de nickel et l'électrodéposition est réalisée dans un bain d'électrodéposition à base de sulfamate de nickel.
- ladite couche métallique est à base de cuivre.
- ladite réplique est en matériau polymère et/ou la surface conductrice de la réplique comprend du graphite.
- à la figure 1 qui est un schéma de principe des essais de cisaillement de l'exemple 1.
- aux figures 2 à 4 qui correspondent à différentes étapes de fabrication d'un outil d'emboutissage par le procédé selon l'invention tel que décrit à l'exemple 2 : figure 2 : réalisation de la réplique - figure 3 : fabrication de la coque - figure 4 : outil d'emboutissage selon l'invention.
- réaliser une réplique présentant une surface correspondant à la forme prédéterminée de l'embouti,
- le cas échéant, rendre conductrice ladite surface de la réplique,
- revêtir ladite surface conductrice d'une couche métallique par électrodéposition jusqu'à former une coque métallique,
- des éléments isolés, comme les granulats minéraux ou les clous métalliques cités en exemple 1 ;
- un fil « bi-dimensionnel » du type « fil de fer barbelé » ou un treillis « tri-dimensionnel », présentant des éléments régulièrement espacés s'étendant transversalement à la direction générale respectivement du fil ou du treillis, dont au moins une extrémité est destinée à être noyée dans le béton.
- selon la nature de la colle classique utilisée, on peut, d'une manière connue en elle-même, laisser réticuler partiellement la colle ;
- si besoin, on peut prévoir des armatures de renforcement du béton et des inserts métalliques que l'on dispose alors dans le moule.
- « Sikadur 31 »® de la Société SIKA : il s'agit d'une colle époxy bi-composants, adaptée au collage de métaux et de béton frais sur béton ancien ; cette colle peut être considérée comme un mortier de résine ; cette colle est appliquée à l'aide d'une raclette à dents triangulaires de 2 mm de hauteur.
- « Sikadur Imprégnation »® de la Société SIKA : colle époxy bi-composants, fluide, adaptée au collage de béton frais sur béton ancien et à la reprise de bétonnage ; il s'agit d'une résine pure s'imprégnant bien dans le béton ; cette colle est appliquée au pinceau.
- « Mybond Epiphen »® 1800 » de la Société LAMBIOTTE : résine époxy bi-composants, fluide ; il s'agit d'une résine pure généralement employée pour la fabrication de composites stratifiés et de bétons de résine ; cette colle est appliquée sur 1 à 2 mm d'épaisseur par coulage dans un moule dont le fond est la plaque métallique ; avant application sur la plaque, on laisse réticuler partiellement pendant 2 heures environ, de manière à obtenir une colle de viscosité plus élevée mais encore suffisamment fluide pour être coulée dans le moule.
- Double couche de colle : colle « Sikadur 31 » + « Sikadur Imprégnation » : on applique d'abord sur la plaque métallique une couche de « Sikadur 31 », on laisse cette colle réticuler partiellement pendant environ 2 h, puis on applique sur cette couche partiellement réticulée une couche de « Sikadur Imprégnation », bien adaptée au collage sur matériaux poreux.
- colle « Sikadur 31 » + liaison « minérale » : la polymérisation de la colle étant plus difficile en milieu humide, l'objectif poursuivi est de compléter la liaison par des liaisons mécaniques de même nature que le béton ; après application de la couche de colle sur la plaque métallique, on disperse des granulats sur cette couche, avant le début de polymérisation ; le diamètre moyen des granulats est largement supérieur à l'épaisseur de la couche de colle appliquée ; le taux de couverture des granulats dispersés est adapté pour que l'espace moyen entre les granulats soit du même ordre de grandeur que la taille moyenne des granulats ; on fait pénétrer les granulats dans la couche de colle.
- colle « Sikadur 31 » + liaison « métallique » : la polymérisation de la colle étant plus difficile en milieu humide, l'objectif poursuivi est de compléter la liaison par des liaisons métalliques comparables à des armatures de béton ; après application de la couche de colle sur la plaque métallique et avant le début de polymérisation, on disperse des clous de 40 mm de long environ sur cette couche, en noyant la tête de ces clous dans la couche de colle , la direction générale des clous étant transversale à la surface de la plaque ; le taux de couverture des clous dispersés est adapté pour que l'espacement minimum entre chaque clou soit supérieur au diamètre minimum des graviers du béton.
Résistance au cisaillement de différentes liaisons béton-métal. | |||
Type de LIAISON | essai n° | Effort à la rupture (kN) | Type et localisation de rupture |
Sikadur 31 | 25 | 11,5 | à l'interface colle/béton ancien |
sur béton | 26 | 14,4 | idem |
« ancien » | 27 | 17,2 | idem |
Sikadur 31 | 1 | 7,9 | progressive - à l'interface colle/béton |
sur béton | 2 | 9,2 | idem |
« humide » | 3 | 6,5 | idem |
Sikadur | 22 | 8,6 | à l'interface colle/acier |
Imprégnation sur | 23 | 6,3 | idem |
béton « humide » | 24 | 10,1 | idem |
Résine Lambiotte | 16 | 9,4 | à l'interface colle/acier |
sur béton | 17 | 13,5 | idem |
« humide » | 18 | 10,2 | idem |
Sikadur 31 + | 19 | 10,6 | progressive - à l'interface colle/colle |
Imprégnation ... sur | 20 | 15,5 | idem |
béton « humide » | 21 | 14,3 | idem |
Sikadur 31 + liaison | 4 | 19,2 | à l'interface colle/acier et colle/béton |
« minérales » sur | 5 | 18,2 | à l'interface colle/béton |
béton « humide » | 6 | 19,4 | à l'interface colle/acier |
Sikadur 31 + liaison | 13 | 20,3 | à l'interface colle/acier |
« métalliques » sur | 14 | 22,6 | idem |
béton « humide » | 15 | 22,6 | idem |
Exemples de matériaux polymères pour la réplique. | |||
Polymère de base : poly- Référence commerciale : | -carbonate Lexan® | époxy LAB 900 | -uréthanne Ren Shape® 540 |
Caractéristiques Société : | Axson | CIBA | |
Masse volumique (g/cm3) | 1,2 | 1,62 | 1,65 |
Absorption d'eau à 24 h : | 0,3 % | 0,2 % | 0 |
Résistance en compression (MPa) | 77 | 120 | 73 |
Allongement à la rupture (%) | 60-100 | 50 | 90 |
Module d'élasticité en flexion (GPa) | 2,24 | 4,5 | 5 |
Dureté | M70 - R118 | 88 Shore D | 90 Shore D |
Température de résistance à la chaleur (°C) (Tg : transition vitreuse) | 120 | 123 (Tg) | 110 (Tg) |
Coefficient dilatation thermique (/°C) | 70.10-6 | 55.10-6 | 45.10-6 |
Action des acides faibles | nulle | - | résistant |
Action des acides forts | attaque lente | - | attaque |
- coefficient de dilatation supérieur mais relativement proche de celui du nickel (17.10-6 environ) dans la gamme de température 20 - 100°C,
- densité supérieure à 1 kg/dm3 pour faciliter l'immersion dans le bain d'électrodéposition, température de transition vitreuse largement supérieure à la température d'utilisation du bain, bonne résistance à l'action chimique acide du bain et au gonflement à l'eau,
- bonne usinabilité à cause des propriétés mécaniques (résistance à la compression, allongement à la rupture, dureté).
- excellent état de surface après usinage, notamment au niveau de la rugosité et de la porosité, ce qui facilite la séparation coque-réplique.
- acide borique H3BO3 : 80 g/l
- chlorure de nickel, NiCl2, 6 H2O 5 à 10 g/l
- sulfamate de nickel Ni(NH2 SO3)2 200 g/l
... de manière à obtenir |Ni2+| = 40 g/l - agent mouillant <1% en poids
- Bain : 4,2 < pH < 4,8 et température comprise entre 50 et 55°C,
- densité de courant : 0,1 A/dm2 au début, portée progressivement à 5 A/dm2.
- contrainte limite d'élasticité (à 0,2%) : 485 MPa,
- Module d'élasticité : 182,5 GPa,
- contrainte limite à la rupture : 840 MPa,
- Allongement à la rupture : 8,3 %
- dureté sur la face externe (vers film 8) : 210 HV
- dureté sur la face interne (fond de moule) 238 HV
- liant hydraulique de type ciment et sable : mortier dénommé Clavex ® Lanko 701 de la Société LAFARGE ; ce mortier est déjà formulé avec des additifs limitant le retrait comme de la silice pyrogénée.
- graviers de granulométrie comprise entre 3 et 8 mm,
- fibres de renforcement : fibres de fonte amorphe se présentant sous forme de rubans souples très minces de dimensions 15 x 1 x 0,03 mm environ, dénommées Fibralex de la Société SEVA.
- fluidifiant ou agent superplastifiant : dénommé Sikament FF86 de la Société SIKA.
- eau de gâchage.
Compositions de béton pour outil d'emboutissage. | ||||||
Béton | Fibres | Mortier | Graviers | Eau | E/C | Fluidifiant |
n°1 | 0 | 1270 | 1250 | 200 | 0,41 | 1,35 (0,3%) |
n°2 | 36 (0,5%) | 1250 | 1133 | 200 | 0,42 | 4,75 (1%) |
n°3 | 72 (1%) | 1500 | 480 | 240 | 0,42 | 5,7 (1%) |
- dans la colonne « fibres », le volume de fibres par rapport au volume de béton,
- dans la colonne « fluidifiant », le volume de fluidifiant par rapport au volume de ciment.
- résistance à la compression σ max.c : sur des éprouvettes de diamètre 110 mm et de longueur 220 mm ;
- résistance en traction σ max.t1 : par des essais de flexion (de type « trois points ») à déplacement imposé sur des éprouvettes de dimensions : 70 x 70 x 280 mm ;
- résistance en traction σ max.t2 : par des essais de flexion (de type « trois points ») à force imposée sur des éprouvettes pré-entaillées de dimensions : 47 x 70 x 280 mm ; ces essais sont effectués à un an.
- module d'élasticité en compression Ec et en flexion Ef.
Propriétés mécaniques des bétons du Tab.lll. | |||||
Béton | smaxc (MPa) | smax t 1 (MPa) | smax t 2 (MPa) | Ec (GPa) | Et (GPa) |
n°1 | 55,5 | 8,5 | 9,4 | 33,6 | 43,4 |
n°2 | 67,5 | 10,6 | 11,1 | 34,5 | 46,7 |
n°3 | 62,7 | 17,1 | 16,4 | 37,3 | 45,6 |
Claims (16)
- Procédé de fabrication d'un outil d'emboutissage en béton hydraulique (12), adapté à la préparation d'emboutis de forme prédéterminée à partir de flans de tôle, outil dont la surface destinée à venir au contact du flan de tôle à emboutir est couverte au moins partiellement d'une coque métallique (9), comprenant les étapes consistant à :préparer ladite coque métallique (9) de manière à ce qu'elle présente une face dite « externe » correspondant à la forme prédéterminée de l'embouti et une face opposée dite « interne »,préparer un moule pour l'outil d'emboutissage en prenant ladite coque (9) comme fond ou élément de moule, face interne tournée vers l'intérieur du moule,couler dans ledit moule une composition de préparation dudit béton comprenant des granulats,solidifier ladite composition,
- Procédé selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que ladite phase solide de la composition de collage est formée par des granulats.
- Procédé selon la revendication 2 caractérisé en ce que les granulats de la composition de collage sont de même nature que ceux de la composition de béton.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que la dimension desdits moyens d'ancrage (14) qui s'étend perpendiculairement à la surface de la coque (9) est supérieure à l'épaisseur de la phase liquide (13) de la composition de collage appliquée.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que, pour appliquer ladite composition de collage, on applique d'abord la phase liquide (13) de la composition de collage, puis on applique lesdits moyens d'ancrage (14) en les faisant pénétrer partiellement dans ladite phase liquide (13).
- Procédé selon la revendication 5 caractérisé en ce qu'on applique les moyens d'ancrage (14) de manière à ce qu'ils émergent partiellement de la surface libre de ladite phase liquide (13).
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que la phase liquide (13) de la composition de collage est thermodurcissable dans les conditions de solidification de ladite composition de béton.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que ladite composition de préparation de béton contient des fibres de renforcement.
- Procédé de fabrication selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que ladite coque (9) est préparée par électrodéposition.
- Procédé selon la revendication 9 caractérisé en ce que ladite préparation de coque comprend les étapes consistant à :réaliser une réplique (6) présentant une surface (7) correspondant à la forme prédéterminée de l'embouti,le cas échéant, rendre conductrice ladite surface (7) de la réplique (6),revêtir ladite surface (7) ou, le cas échéant, ladite surface conductrice (8), d'une couche métallique par électrodéposition jusqu'à former une coque métallique (9),
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 10, caractérisé en ce que ladite couche métallique est à base de nickel et en ce que ladite électrodéposition est réalisée dans un bain d'électrodéposition contenant essentiellement du sulfamate de nickel.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 10, caractérisé en ce que ladite couche métallique est à base de cuivre.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 12, caractérisé en ce que ladite réplique (6) est en matériau polymère.
- Outil d'emboutissage en béton hydraulique dont la surface destinée à venir au contact du flan de tôle à emboutir est couverte, au moins partiellement, d'une coque métallique (9) liée au béton (12), susceptible d'être obtenu par le procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite coque (9) est liée au béton (12) à l'aide d'une couche de colle, des moyens (14) mécaniques d'ancrage étant insérés en partie dans le béton (12), et en partie dans ladite couche de colle.
- Outil selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que les moyens mécaniques d'ancrage (14) sont des granulats.
- Outil selon la revendication 15 caractérisé en ce que lesdits granulats sont de même nature que ceux du béton.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9811404 | 1998-09-11 | ||
FR9811404A FR2783184B1 (fr) | 1998-09-11 | 1998-09-11 | Procede de fabrication d'un outil d'emboutissage en beton hydraulique couvert au moins partiellement d'une coque metallique |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0985466A1 EP0985466A1 (fr) | 2000-03-15 |
EP0985466B1 true EP0985466B1 (fr) | 2003-08-20 |
Family
ID=9530376
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99402211A Expired - Lifetime EP0985466B1 (fr) | 1998-09-11 | 1999-09-09 | Procede de fabrication d'un outil d'emboutissage en beton hydraulique couvert au moins partiellement d'une coque metallique |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0985466B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE247535T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69910513T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2203031T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2783184B1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1935916A (en) * | 1928-06-06 | 1933-11-21 | Budd Edward G Mfg Co | Metal die and method of making the same |
US3035310A (en) * | 1956-01-23 | 1962-05-22 | Republic Aviat Corp | Method of making reinforced synthetic resin forming tool |
US3101065A (en) * | 1958-06-16 | 1963-08-20 | Gen Motors Corp | Reinforced plastic die |
DE4021384A1 (de) * | 1990-07-05 | 1992-01-09 | Laepple August Gmbh & Co | Verfahren zur herstellung zweier sich im spaeteren betrieb gegenueberliegender werkzeuge eines werkzeugsatzes |
FR2669842B1 (fr) * | 1990-11-30 | 1995-01-13 | Chausson Ingenierie | Procede de fabrication d'outils d'emboutissage et de formage de pieces. |
-
1998
- 1998-09-11 FR FR9811404A patent/FR2783184B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-09-09 ES ES99402211T patent/ES2203031T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-09 AT AT99402211T patent/ATE247535T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-09-09 EP EP99402211A patent/EP0985466B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-09 DE DE69910513T patent/DE69910513T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69910513T2 (de) | 2005-12-29 |
DE69910513D1 (de) | 2003-09-25 |
ATE247535T1 (de) | 2003-09-15 |
FR2783184A1 (fr) | 2000-03-17 |
EP0985466A1 (fr) | 2000-03-15 |
FR2783184B1 (fr) | 2000-10-27 |
ES2203031T3 (es) | 2004-04-01 |
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