EP0978626B1 - Method of constructing a tunnel lined with a tubing element - Google Patents

Method of constructing a tunnel lined with a tubing element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0978626B1
EP0978626B1 EP19990201901 EP99201901A EP0978626B1 EP 0978626 B1 EP0978626 B1 EP 0978626B1 EP 19990201901 EP19990201901 EP 19990201901 EP 99201901 A EP99201901 A EP 99201901A EP 0978626 B1 EP0978626 B1 EP 0978626B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tunnel
pit
ground
opening
borer
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EP19990201901
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0978626A1 (en
Inventor
Alexander J. Verstraeten
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Beheersmaatschappij Verstraeten BV
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Beheersmaatschappij Verstraeten BV
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1006—Making by using boring or cutting machines with rotary cutting tools
    • E21D9/1013—Making by using boring or cutting machines with rotary cutting tools on a tool-carrier supported by a movable boom
    • E21D9/102—Making by using boring or cutting machines with rotary cutting tools on a tool-carrier supported by a movable boom by a longitudinally extending boom being pivotable about a vertical and a transverse axis
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/046—Directional drilling horizontal drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/28—Enlarging drilled holes, e.g. by counterboring
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
    • E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for Constructing an underground tunnel with a Fairing, with a tunnel opening made in the ground is and to the extent that shaped this tunnel opening is, pipe elements one by one as a whole or be installed in parts on site.
  • US-A-4 507 019 discloses a method comprising tunneling a disguise is created, which is a replacement of pipes.
  • Such methods are then also mainly suitable for the laying of disguised tunnels with large diameter.
  • These ribbed or corrugated pipe elements are in compressed form introduced into the opening, wherein they form rings with a smaller outer diameter than the inner diameter of the already placed pipe elements, which already form part of the panel, according to which in the desired place to a ring with one Outer diameter coinciding with the inner diameter of Tunnel opening coincides, and thus to a part of Cladding to be reshaped.
  • ribbed or corrugated plates absorb little pressure in the axial direction of the tunnel can be when pressure cylinder for moving the Tunneling machine used, opposite each impression cylinder longitudinal reinforcing ribs on the Tunnel element attached to the compressive forces on the already finished and reinforced with concrete, by the way Tunnel section to transfer.
  • tie rods can be in relatively soft ground and thus usually when creating a tunnel in less Depth can not be used.
  • the invention aims at a method of constructing an underground tunnel with a disguise of Pipe elements that do not have the aforementioned disadvantages has and allows, on inexpensive and accurate Way to get a clad tunnel, in particular also with tubular elements of ribbed or corrugated Plates.
  • first at least two pits are made in the ground, with a steered drilling tool a pull cable or The like from pit to pit is attached and to cladding tunnel opening in the ground between these Pits are formed by rotating in a pit Tunnel boring machine is attached to the pull cable and with Help a tractor in another pit the Tunnel boring machine from the first to the other pit is pulled.
  • the drill head will not rest on the already attached panel supported. Great lengths, namely up to 3000 m, can do this in a small deviation be bored.
  • Reductions in the soil surface can be restricted and there are no cavities around the cladding, those with water and soil from the upper layers must be filled.
  • the laying of a disguised tunnel 1 in the ground 2 happens according to the invention mainly in three Steps.
  • a first step at regular intervals, For example, every 3000 m, where the tunnel 1 to come, vertical pits 3 dug. These pits 3 be, at least on the sides where a tunnel 1 should flow, but except at the point of this mouth itself, with a wall 4, for example made of concrete, dressed.
  • each pit 3 and the parts of the side walls where the tunnel 1 must come through this pit 3 are stabilized, for example by injecting Bentonite.
  • these Zones 5 are stabilized Zones indicated by the reference numeral 5. These Zones 5 guarantee the watertightness to pit 3.
  • a controlled drilling tool. 7 attached, as in Figures 1 and 3 on the right Page shown.
  • This drilling tool 7 can from a be known construction and, for example, with Be provided high-pressure spray heads or the like and will not be described here either.
  • the pull cable 6 can from a pit 3 to the following be attached. His end is in this last pit 3, so that the cable falls to the ground, or is on a set up in this pit 3 drum. 8 attached.
  • the tunnel opening 9 drilled and provided with a panel 10, consisting of tubular elements 11 made of ribbed or corrugated formed against corrosion protected steel plates.
  • a tunnel boring machine 12 which, as shown in Figures 2 and 4, a conical Drill head 13 includes, which at the front end of a quiver fourteenth is rotatably mounted and in a known manner by Drive means is driven by one or more hydraulic or other motors 15 are formed.
  • tractor 20 which can be of a known construction and for example, from a frame 21 and from a Cable clamping mechanism 22, the cylinder 23 through and can be made.
  • the tractor 20 is placed in a pit 3 and with its frame 21 mounted on supports 24, which on the Wall 4 of the pit 3 across the released therein Opening for the tunnel 1 are attached.
  • the pull cable 6 is inserted through the cable clamping mechanism 22.
  • This cable clamping mechanism 22 engages the pull cable 6, when the cylinders 23 are in the retracted position. By pushing out of these cylinders 23 of this Cable clamping mechanism 22 and thereby clamped Pull cable 6 is moved over a distance. If the Cylinder 23 are in the extended position, the cable clamping mechanism 22 releases the pull cable 6 and becomes this by the insertion of the cylinder 23 back in brought his starting position and repeats the the aforementioned cycle and is the pull cable 6 thus intermittently pulled forward and on the drum 8 rolled up.
  • the tractor 20 may in a variant of a winch or the like, whereby the pulling can take place continuously.
  • the real power that is Pull cable 6 exerts on the drill head 13, is characterized by the Pressure capsule 18 regulated.
  • the tunnel boring machine 12 is thus of the pull cable. 6 pulled forward while being drilled, and thus becomes follow the direction of the Switzerlandtowns 6 and through this Pull cable 6 are performed.
  • the direction of the pull cable 6 is usually correct is a correction control of the tunnel boring machine 12 in some cases desirable or necessary be.
  • the quiver 14 consists of a front part 25th and a rear part 26, which is deformable Ring 27 are connected together.
  • Control cylinders 28 may be the direction of the front part 25 with respect to the rear part 26 can be adjusted.
  • the discharge of the released before the tunnel boring machine 12 Soil 2 can take place in different ways, for example by means of a screw 29 and conveyor belts 30, as shown in Figure 2, or means Pump.
  • the last attached pipe element 11 is still for the most part in the rear part 26 of the quiver 14, when in this part as a result of the forward pulling of the tunnel boring machine 12 space has become vacant, a subsequent Pipe element 11 to install.
  • This following tubular element 11 is thus a plate which is folded, as described hereinbefore. Once on desired place in part 26, this plate is released, so that they are under the influence of their elasticity opens and connects to the inside of the part 26. In this case, the first shaft of the new pipe element overlaps 11 the last wave of the previous one. The ends of the open ring of this new pipe element 11 can possibly attached to each other, for example, welded, become.
  • this new pipe element 11th be held stationary with respect to the ground 2 when the Quiver 14 is moved further forward.
  • the pipe elements 11 can also be attached to each other beyond be, for example, by welding.
  • the pipe elements 11 are not necessarily elastic be flexible corrugated plates. You can not be elastic and / or not wavy. That's how they can go Concrete, being made of two or more parts which are applied on site so that they Form a pipe part or a ring.

Description

Diese Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Konstruieren eines unterirdischen Tunnels mit einer Verkleidung, wobei eine Tunnelöffnung im Boden gemacht wird und in dem Maß, wie diese Tunnelöffnung geformt wird, Rohrelemente eines nach dem anderen als Ganzes oder in Teilen vor Ort angebracht werden.This invention relates to a method for Constructing an underground tunnel with a Fairing, with a tunnel opening made in the ground is and to the extent that shaped this tunnel opening is, pipe elements one by one as a whole or be installed in parts on site.

US-A-4 507 019, offenbart ein Verfahren mit dem ein Tunnel mit einer Verkleidung geschafen wird, wobei es sich um einer Ersetzung von Rohren handelt.US-A-4 507 019 discloses a method comprising tunneling a disguise is created, which is a replacement of pipes.

Ein derartiges Verfahren ist im Belgischen Patent Nr. 1.009.528 beschrieben. Gemäß diesem Verfahren wird die Öffnung im Boden mit einer Tunnelgrabmaschine mit einem vorn mit einem Messer versehenen Metallköcher gebohrt, der durch Druckzylinder intermittierend vorwärtsgedrückt wird, die sich, unter Dazwischentreten eines Druckrings, der gegen das zuletzt plazierte Tunnelelement anlehnt, von dem bereits geformten Tunnelabschnitt abstoßen. Das Erdreich wird mittels eines in dem Köcher angebrachten Grabwerkzeugs ausgegraben.Such a method is described in Belgian patent no. 1,009,528. According to this method, the Opening in the ground with a tunneling machine with a Drilled metal quiver drilled at the front, which is pushed forward intermittently by pressure cylinder which, with the interposition of a pressure ring, which leans against the last placed tunnel element, from the already formed tunnel section repel. The Soil is by means of a mounted in the quiver Dug up grave tool.

Die Anwendung dieses Verfahrens erfordert eine Vorrichtung, die von relativ komplexer Konstruktion und somit relativ teuer ist.The application of this method requires a device that of relatively complex construction and thus is relatively expensive.

Insbesondere ist eine relativ komplexe und teure Steuervorrichtung erforderlich, um die Tunnelgrabmaschine in die richtige Richtung zu lenken, und müssen Rohrelemente verwendet werden, die den Vorwärtsstaudruck aufnehmen können.In particular, a relatively complex and expensive control device required to tunnel tunneling machine in to steer the right direction, and have pipe elements used to absorb the forward pressure jerk can.

Derartige Verfahren sind dann auch hauptsächlich geeignet für das Anlegen verkleideter Tunnels mit großem Durchmesser. Such methods are then also mainly suitable for the laying of disguised tunnels with large diameter.

Die für die Anwendung des vorgenannten bekannten Verfahrens erforderliche Vorrichtung ist umso teurer, als spezielle Vorkehrungen getroffen werden müssen, da die Rohrelemente durch gewellte oder gerippte gebogene Platten geformt sind.The for the application of the aforementioned known Procedure required device is the more expensive than Special precautions must be taken as the Pipe elements through corrugated or ribbed curved plates are shaped.

Diese gerippten oder gewellten Rohrelemente werden in zusammengedrückter Form in die Öffnung eingebracht, wobei sie Ringe mit einem kleineren Außendurchmesser bilden als der Innendurchmesser der bereits plazierten Rohrelemente, die bereits einen Teil der Verkleidung darstellen, wonach sie an der gewünschten Stelle zu einem Ring mit einem Außendurchmesser, der mit dem Innendurchmesser der Tunnelöffnung übereinstimmt, und somit zu einem Teil der Verkleidung umgeformt werden.These ribbed or corrugated pipe elements are in compressed form introduced into the opening, wherein they form rings with a smaller outer diameter than the inner diameter of the already placed pipe elements, which already form part of the panel, according to which in the desired place to a ring with one Outer diameter coinciding with the inner diameter of Tunnel opening coincides, and thus to a part of Cladding to be reshaped.

In Anbetracht dessen, daß gerippte oder gewellte Platten wenig Druck in axialer Richtung des Tunnels aufnehmen können, werden, wenn Druckzylinder zum Fortbewegen der Tunnelmaschine verwendet werden, gegenüber jedem Druckzylinder längsgerichtete Verstärkungsrippen auf dem Tunnelelement angebracht, um die Druckkräfte auf den bereits fertiggestellten und übrigens mit Beton verstärkten Tunnelabschnitt zu übertragen.In view of the fact that ribbed or corrugated plates absorb little pressure in the axial direction of the tunnel can be when pressure cylinder for moving the Tunneling machine used, opposite each impression cylinder longitudinal reinforcing ribs on the Tunnel element attached to the compressive forces on the already finished and reinforced with concrete, by the way Tunnel section to transfer.

Dies ist nicht erforderlich, wenn Zuganker verwendet werden, jedoch können Zuganker in relativ weichem Boden und somit meist beim Anlegen eines Tunnels in geringer Tiefe nicht verwendet werden.This is not required when using tie rods However, tie rods can be in relatively soft ground and thus usually when creating a tunnel in less Depth can not be used.

Bei Tunnels mit relativ kleinem Durchmesser, die sich in nicht allzu großer Tiefe befinden, wie sie etwa verwendet werden könnten, um Waren von einem Umschlagplatz außerhalb eines Stadtzentrums unterirdisch nach dem Bestimmungsplatz zu transportieren, um das Fahren von Lastkraftwagen in diesem Zentrum zu vermeiden, könnten derartige Rohrelemente aus gerippten oder gewellten Platten geeignet sein.In tunnels with a relatively small diameter, located in not too great depth, as they used about could be to get goods from a transshipment point outside a city center underground after the Destination to transport to driving from Lorries in this center could avoid such tubular elements of ribbed or corrugated Be suitable plates.

Die Erfindung bezweckt ein Verfahren zum Konstruieren eines unterirdischen Tunnels mit einer Verkleidung von Rohrelementen, das die vorgenannten Nachteile nicht aufweist und gestattet, auf preisgünstige und genaue Weise einen verkleideten Tunnel zu erhalten, insbesondere auch mit Rohrelementen aus gerippten oder gewellten Platten.The invention aims at a method of constructing an underground tunnel with a disguise of Pipe elements that do not have the aforementioned disadvantages has and allows, on inexpensive and accurate Way to get a clad tunnel, in particular also with tubular elements of ribbed or corrugated Plates.

Dieses Ziel wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch erreicht, daß zuerst mindestens zwei Gruben im Boden gemacht werden, mit einem gelenkten Bohrwerkzeug ein Zugkabel oder dergleichen von Grube zu Grube angebracht wird und die zu verkleidende Tunnelöffnung im Boden zwischen diesen Gruben geformt wird, indem in einer Grube eine rotierende Tunnelbohrmaschine an dem Zugkabel befestigt wird und mit Hilfe einer Zugmaschine in einer anderen Grube die Tunnelbohrmaschine von der ersten zur anderen Grube gezogen wird.This object is achieved according to the invention in that first at least two pits are made in the ground, with a steered drilling tool a pull cable or The like from pit to pit is attached and to cladding tunnel opening in the ground between these Pits are formed by rotating in a pit Tunnel boring machine is attached to the pull cable and with Help a tractor in another pit the Tunnel boring machine from the first to the other pit is pulled.

Der Bohrkopf wird nicht auf der bereits angebrachten Verkleidung abgestützt. Große Längen, nämlich bis zu 3000 m, können auf diese Weise mit einer geringen Abweichung gebohrt werden. Durch die gezogene Tunnelbohrmaschine können Senkungen an der Bodenoberfläche beschränkt werden und entstehen um die Verkleidung herum keine Hohlräume, die mit Wasser und Erdreich aus den oberen Schichten aufgefüllt werden müssen.The drill head will not rest on the already attached panel supported. Great lengths, namely up to 3000 m, can do this in a small deviation be bored. Through the towed tunnel boring machine Reductions in the soil surface can be restricted and there are no cavities around the cladding, those with water and soil from the upper layers must be filled.

Es ist bekannt, einen Bohrkopf mit Hilfe eines Zugkabels von Grube zu Grube zu ziehen, jedoch wird dieses Zugkabel von der Bodenoberfläche aus in die gewünschte Tiefe in den Boden gebracht. Übrigens geht es darum, einen Durchgang für Versorgungsleitungen unter Flüssen, Straßen und derartigem herzustellen, der selbstverständlich einen geringen Durchmesser besitzt und nicht mit einer Verkleidung versehen wird.It is known to use a boring head with the aid of a pulling cable However, this pull cable will pull from pit to pit from the ground surface to the desired depth in brought the soil. By the way, it's about one Passage for supply lines under rivers, roads and to produce such, of course, a owns small diameter and not with one Panel is provided.

In einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird der Teil des Bodens, der eine Grube begrenzt und wo eine Öffnung gebohrt werden soll, vor dem Bohren mit der Tunnelbohrmaschine, stabilisiert.In a particular embodiment of the invention the part of the ground that defines a pit and where one Opening should be drilled before drilling with the Tunnel boring machine, stabilized.

Mit der Absicht, die Merkmale der Erfindung besser darzustellen, sind hiernach, als Beispiel ohne jeden einschränkenden Charakter, einige bevorzugte Ausführungsformen eines Verfahrens zum Konstruieren eines unterirdischen Tunnels mit einer Verkleidung von Rohrelementen und einer dabei verwendeten Tunnelbohrmaschine gemäß der Erfindung beschrieben, unter Verweis auf die begleitenden Zeichnungen, worin:

  • Figur 1 schematisch einen Querschnitt eines Tunnels darstellt, der gemäß der Erfindung im Boden angelegt wird;
  • Figur 2 in größerem Maßstab den Teil darstellt, der in Figur 1 mit F2 angedeutet ist;
  • Figur 3 in größerem Maßstab den Teil darstellt, der in Figur 1 mit F3 angedeutet ist;
  • Figur 4 in größerem Maßstab den Teil darstellt, der in Figur 2 mit F4 angedeutet ist;
  • Figur 5 einen Querschnitt gemäß der Linie V-V in Figur 4 darstellt.
    • Hereinafter, with the intention of better illustrating the features of the invention, by way of example without limitation, some preferred embodiments of a method for constructing a subterranean tunnel with a cladding of tubular elements and a tunnel boring machine according to the invention will be described, with reference to FIGS accompanying drawings, wherein:
  • Figure 1 shows schematically a cross-section of a tunnel which is placed in the ground according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 shows on a larger scale the part indicated in Figure 1 with F2;
  • Figure 3 shows on a larger scale the part indicated in Figure 1 with F3;
  • Figure 4 shows on a larger scale the part indicated in Figure 2 with F4;
  • Figure 5 shows a cross section along the line VV in Figure 4 represents.

    • Das Anlegen eines verkleideten Tunnels 1 im Boden 2 geschieht gemäß der Erfindung hauptsächlich in drei Schritten.The laying of a disguised tunnel 1 in the ground 2 happens according to the invention mainly in three Steps.

    In einem ersten Schritt werden in regelmäßigen Abständen, beispielsweise alle 3000 m, dort, wohin der Tunnel 1 kommen soll, vertikale Gruben 3 gegraben. Diese Gruben 3 werden, zumindest an den Seiten, an denen ein Tunnel 1 münden soll, jedoch außer an der Stelle dieser Mündung selbst, mit einer Wand 4, beispielsweise aus Beton, verkleidet.In a first step, at regular intervals, For example, every 3000 m, where the tunnel 1 to come, vertical pits 3 dug. These pits 3 be, at least on the sides where a tunnel 1 should flow, but except at the point of this mouth itself, with a wall 4, for example made of concrete, dressed.

    Der Boden jeder Grube 3 und die Teile der Seitenwände, wo der Tunnel 1 durch diese Grube 3 kommen muß, werden stabilisiert, beispielsweise durch Einspritzen von Bentonit. In den Figuren 1 und 3 sind diese stabilisierten Zonen mit der Referenzziffer 5 angedeutet. Diese Zonen 5 garantieren die Wasserdichtheit zur Grube 3 hin.The bottom of each pit 3 and the parts of the side walls where the tunnel 1 must come through this pit 3 are stabilized, for example by injecting Bentonite. In Figures 1 and 3, these are stabilized Zones indicated by the reference numeral 5. These Zones 5 guarantee the watertightness to pit 3.

    In einem zweiten Schritt wird von Grube 3 zu Grube 3 ein Zugkabel 6 mittels eines gesteuerten Bohrwerkzeugs 7 angebracht, wie in den Figuren 1 und 3 an der rechten Seite dargestellt. Dieses Bohrwerkzeug 7 kann von einer bekannten Konstruktion sein und beispielsweise mit Hochdruckspritzköpfen oder dergleichen versehen sein und wird hier dann auch nicht beschrieben.In a second step, from pit 3 to pit 3 Pull cable 6 by means of a controlled drilling tool. 7 attached, as in Figures 1 and 3 on the right Page shown. This drilling tool 7 can from a be known construction and, for example, with Be provided high-pressure spray heads or the like and will not be described here either.

    Das Zugkabel 6 kann von einer Grube 3 zur folgenden angebracht werden. Sein Ende wird in dieser letzten Grube 3 losgelassen, so daß das Kabel auf den Boden fällt, oder wird auf einer in dieser Grube 3 aufgestellten Trommel 8 befestigt.The pull cable 6 can from a pit 3 to the following be attached. His end is in this last pit 3, so that the cable falls to the ground, or is on a set up in this pit 3 drum. 8 attached.

    In einer Variante ist es möglich, dasselbe Zugkabel 6 mit dem Bohrwerkzeug 7 weiter durch zu ziehen bis zu einer folgenden Grube 3, und eventuell über mehrere Gruben 3. In einer Grube 3, über welche das Zugkabel 6 durchläuft, kann eine Führungsrolle angebracht sein.In a variant, it is possible to use the same pull cable 6 continue to pull the drilling tool 7 through to a following pit 3, and possibly over several pits 3. In a pit 3, over which the tension cable 6 passes, a leadership role may be appropriate.

    Im dritten und letzten Schritt wird die Tunnelöffnung 9 gebohrt und mit einer Verkleidung 10 versehen, bestehend aus Rohrelementen 11, die aus gerippten oder gewellten, gegen Korrosion geschützten Stahlplatten geformt sind.In the third and final step, the tunnel opening 9 drilled and provided with a panel 10, consisting of tubular elements 11 made of ribbed or corrugated formed against corrosion protected steel plates.

    Hierzu wird eine Tunnelbohrmaschine 12 verwendet, die, wie in den Figuren 2 und 4 dargestellt, einen konischen Bohrkopf 13 umfaßt, der am vorderen Ende eines Köchers 14 drehbar montiert ist und auf bekannte Weise durch Antriebsmittel angetrieben wird, die von einem oder mehr hydraulischen oder anderen Motoren 15 gebildet werden.For this purpose, a tunnel boring machine 12 is used which, as shown in Figures 2 and 4, a conical Drill head 13 includes, which at the front end of a quiver fourteenth is rotatably mounted and in a known manner by Drive means is driven by one or more hydraulic or other motors 15 are formed.

    Durch den Bohrkopf 13 ist ein axialer Durchgang 16 für das Zugkabel 6 geformt, während an der Rückseite, die sich somit in der geformten Tunnelöffnung 9 befindet, gegenüber vom Durchgang 16 ein Lager 17 befestigt ist, womit eine Druckkapsel 18 und ein Befestigungselement 19, woran dieses Zugkabel befestigt ist, in Bezug zum Bohrkopf 13 gelagert sind.Through the drill head 13 is an axial passage 16 for the pull cable 6 is formed while at the back, the is thus located in the shaped tunnel opening 9, opposite the passage 16 a bearing 17 is attached, with which a pressure capsule 18 and a fastening element 19, what this pull cable is attached with respect to Drill head 13 are mounted.

    Weiterhin wird von einer Zugmaschine 20 Gebrauch gemacht, die von einer bekannten Konstruktion sein kann und beispielsweise aus einem Gestell 21 und aus einem Kabelklemmmechanismus 22, der durch Zylinder 23 hin- und herbewegt werden kann, bestehen kann.Furthermore, use is made of a tractor 20, which can be of a known construction and for example, from a frame 21 and from a Cable clamping mechanism 22, the cylinder 23 through and can be made.

    Die Zugmaschine 20 wird in einer Grube 3 plaziert und mit ihrem Gestell 21 auf Trägern 24 befestigt, die auf der Wand 4 der Grube 3 quer über der darin freigelassenen Öffnung für den Tunnel 1 angebracht sind. Das Zugkabel 6 wird durch den Kabelklemmmechanismus 22 gesteckt.The tractor 20 is placed in a pit 3 and with its frame 21 mounted on supports 24, which on the Wall 4 of the pit 3 across the released therein Opening for the tunnel 1 are attached. The pull cable 6 is inserted through the cable clamping mechanism 22.

    Dieser Kabelklemmmechanismus 22 greift das Zugkabel 6, wenn die Zylinder 23 in eingeschobener Position sind. Durch das Ausschieben dieser Zylinder 23 werden dieser Kabelklemmmechanismus 22 und das dadurch festgeklemmte Zugkabel 6 über einen Abstand fortbewegt. Wenn die Zylinder 23 sich in ausgeschobener Position befinden, löst der Kabelklemmmechanismus 22 das Zugkabel 6 und wird dieses durch das Einschieben der Zylinder 23 zurück in seine Startposition gebracht und wiederholt sich der vorgenannte Zyklus und wird das Zugkabel 6 somit intermittierend vorwärts gezogen und auf der Trommel 8 aufgerollt.This cable clamping mechanism 22 engages the pull cable 6, when the cylinders 23 are in the retracted position. By pushing out of these cylinders 23 of this Cable clamping mechanism 22 and thereby clamped Pull cable 6 is moved over a distance. If the Cylinder 23 are in the extended position, the cable clamping mechanism 22 releases the pull cable 6 and becomes this by the insertion of the cylinder 23 back in brought his starting position and repeats the the aforementioned cycle and is the pull cable 6 thus intermittently pulled forward and on the drum 8 rolled up.

    Die Zugmaschine 20 kann in einer Variante aus einer Winde oder dergleichen geformt sein, wodurch das Ziehen ununterbrochen stattfinden kann. Die reale Kraft, die das Zugkabel 6 auf den Bohrkopf 13 ausübt, wird durch die Druckkapsel 18 reguliert.The tractor 20 may in a variant of a winch or the like, whereby the pulling can take place continuously. The real power that is Pull cable 6 exerts on the drill head 13, is characterized by the Pressure capsule 18 regulated.

    Die Tunnelbohrmaschine 12 wird somit vom Zugkabel 6 vorwärts gezogen, während gebohrt wird, und wird somit der Richtung des Zugkabels 6 folgen und durch dieses Zugkabel 6 geführt werden.The tunnel boring machine 12 is thus of the pull cable. 6 pulled forward while being drilled, and thus becomes Follow the direction of the Zugkabels 6 and through this Pull cable 6 are performed.

    Obwohl die Richtung des Zugkabels 6 normalerweise richtig ist, kann eine Korrektursteuerung der Tunnelbohrmaschine 12 in bestimmten Fällen doch erwünscht oder notwendig sein.Although the direction of the pull cable 6 is usually correct is a correction control of the tunnel boring machine 12 in some cases desirable or necessary be.

    Hierzu besteht der Köcher 14 aus einem vorderen Teil 25 und einem hinteren Teil 26, die mit einem verformbaren Ring 27 miteinander verbunden sind. Mit Hilfe von Steuerzylindern 28 kann die Richtung des vorderen Teils 25 in Bezug auf den hinteren Teil 26 eingestellt werden.For this purpose, the quiver 14 consists of a front part 25th and a rear part 26, which is deformable Ring 27 are connected together. With the help of Control cylinders 28 may be the direction of the front part 25 with respect to the rear part 26 can be adjusted.

    Die Abfuhr des vor der Tunnelbohrmaschine 12 freigesetzten Erdreichs 2 kann auf verschiedene Arten stattfinden, beispielsweise mit Hilfe einer Schraube 29 und Förderbändern 30, wie in Figur 2 dargestellt, oder mittels Pumpen.The discharge of the released before the tunnel boring machine 12 Soil 2 can take place in different ways, for example by means of a screw 29 and conveyor belts 30, as shown in Figure 2, or means Pump.

    Die gewellten Platten, die die Rohrelemente 11 bilden, werden eine nach der anderen in der gebohrten Tunnelöffnung 9 angebracht, in zusammengefaltetem Zustand, wobei sie einen offenen Ring formen, dessen Enden einander jedoch überlappen, so daß der Außendurchmesser der Platte kleiner ist als der Innendurchmesser des verkleideten Tunnels 1.The corrugated plates forming the tubular elements 11, one after the other in the drilled tunnel opening 9 attached, in the folded state, forming an open ring whose ends However, overlap each other, so that the outer diameter the plate is smaller than the inside diameter of the cladded tunnels 1.

    Das zuletzt angebrachte Rohrelement 11 befindet sich noch zum größten Teil im hinteren Teil 26 des Köchers 14, wenn in diesem Teil infolge des Vorwärtsziehens der Tunnelbohrmaschine 12 Platz freigeworden ist, um ein nachfolgendes Rohrelement 11 anzubringen.The last attached pipe element 11 is still for the most part in the rear part 26 of the quiver 14, when in this part as a result of the forward pulling of the tunnel boring machine 12 space has become vacant, a subsequent Pipe element 11 to install.

    Dieses folgende Rohrelement 11 ist somit eine Platte, die gefaltet wird, wie hiervor beschrieben. Einmal am gewünschten Platz im Teil 26, wird diese Platte losgelassen, so daß sie sich unter Einfluß ihrer Elastizität öffnet und an der Innenseite des Teils 26 anschließt. Hierbei überlappt die erste Welle des neuen Rohrelements 11 die letzte Welle des vorhergehenden. Die Enden des offenen Rings dieses neuen Rohrelements 11 können eventuell aneinander befestigt, beispielsweise festgeschweißt, werden.This following tubular element 11 is thus a plate which is folded, as described hereinbefore. Once on desired place in part 26, this plate is released, so that they are under the influence of their elasticity opens and connects to the inside of the part 26. In this case, the first shaft of the new pipe element overlaps 11 the last wave of the previous one. The ends of the open ring of this new pipe element 11 can possibly attached to each other, for example, welded, become.

    Hierdurch wird unter anderem dieses neue Rohrelement 11 stationär in Bezug zum Boden 2 gehalten werden, wenn der Köcher 14 weiter vorwärts bewegt wird. Die Rohrelemente 11 können darüber hinaus noch aneinander befestigt werden, beispielsweise durch Schweißen.As a result, inter alia, this new pipe element 11th be held stationary with respect to the ground 2 when the Quiver 14 is moved further forward. The pipe elements 11 can also be attached to each other beyond be, for example, by welding.

    Auf die hiervor beschriebene Weise wird weiter fortgefahren, bis die Grube 3 erreicht wird, wo die Zugmaschine 20 aufgestellt ist. Von dort kann dann in analoger Weise weitergegangen werden bis zu einer folgenden Grube 3.In the manner described hereinbefore, the process continues until the pit 3 is reached, where the tractor 20 is set up. From there can then in an analogous way continue until a next pit 3.

    Später, nach dem Entfernen aller Apparaturen, wie etwa unter anderem der Zugmaschine 20, aus der Grube 3 kann die Tunnelverkleidung 10 über diese Grube 3 weitergezogen und die Grube 3 danach abgedichtet werden.Later, after removing all the equipment, such as among other things, the tractor 20, from the pit 3 can the tunnel lining 10 moved on this pit 3 and the pit 3 are sealed afterwards.

    Dadurch, daß der Bohrkopf 13 durch den Boden 2 gezogen wird, wird der Boden 2 um die Tunnelöffnung 9 herum etwas verdichtet, und zwar durch die spezielle Form des Bohrkopfs 13. In Anbetracht dessen, daß diese Tunnelöffnung 9 außerdem nicht oder nur in sehr geringem Umfang größer ist als die Außenwand der Verkleidung 10 des Tunnels 1, ist die Senkung des Bodens 2 über dem Tunnel 1 äußerst gering, so daß durch das Anlegen des Tunnels 1 kein Schaden an Gebäuden, Straßen und derartigem über dem Boden 2 angerichtet wird.Characterized in that the drill head 13 is pulled through the bottom 2 becomes, the bottom 2 around the tunnel opening 9 around something condensed, by the special form of the Boring head 13. Considering that this Tunnel opening 9 also not or only in very small Circumference is greater than the outer wall of the panel 10th of the tunnel 1, the lowering of the ground 2 is above the Tunnel 1 extremely low, so that by applying the Tunnels 1 no damage to buildings, roads and such above the floor 2 is arranged.

    In einer Variante kann der Bohrkopf 13 selbst so ausgeführt sein, daß er teilweise den Boden 2 seitwärts verdrängt. So kann er in Nähe seines äußeren Rands an seiner Vorderseite mit Schraubenblättern versehen sein. Natürlich muß der Boden 2 weich genug sein und die Zugkraft auf den Bohrkopf 13 hoch genug, jedoch werden Senkungen in diesem Fall praktisch völlig ausgeschlossen.In a variant of the drill head 13 itself so be executed that he partially the bottom 2 sideways repressed. So he can approach near his outer edge its front be provided with screw blades. Of course, the bottom 2 must be soft enough and the Traction on the drill head 13 high enough, however Reductions in this case practically completely excluded.

    Die Rohrelemente 11 müssen nicht unbedingt elastisch biegsame gewellte Platten sein. Sie können nicht elastisch sein und/oder nicht gewellt. So können sie aus Beton gefertigt sein, wobei sie aus zwei oder mehr Teilen bestehen, die vor Ort angebracht werden, so daß sie ein Rohrteil oder einen Ring formen.The pipe elements 11 are not necessarily elastic be flexible corrugated plates. You can not be elastic and / or not wavy. That's how they can go Concrete, being made of two or more parts which are applied on site so that they Form a pipe part or a ring.

    Die Erfindung ist keineswegs auf die hiervor beschriebenen und in den Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsformen beschränkt, vielmehr können ein derartiges Verfahren zum Konstruieren eines unterirdischen Tunnels in verschiedenen Varianten verwirklicht werden, ohne den Rahmen der Erfindung zu verlassen.The invention is in no way as described above and embodiments shown in the figures limited, but such a method for Constructing an underground tunnel in different variants be realized without the scope of the invention leave.

    Claims (7)

    1. Method for building an underground tunnel with a lining, whereby a tunnel opening (9) is made in the ground (2) and whereby, while this tunnel opening (9) is being formed, tubing elements (11) are provided in it one after the other, as a whole or in parts, characterised in that at least two pits (3) are first made in the ground (2), a hauling cable (6) or the like is provided from pit (3) to pit (3) with a guided drilling tool (7) and the tunnel opening (9) to be lined is formed in the ground (2) between said pits (3), as a rotating tunnel borer (12) is fixed to the hauling cable (6) in a pit (3) and the tunnel borer (12) is hauled from the first to another pit (3) with the help of a towing vehicle (20) in said other pit (3).
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the part of the ground (2) which confines a pit (3) and where a tunnel opening (9) is to be bored, is stabilised before the drilling with the tunnel borer (12) is started.
    3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the tunnel opening (9) is also made by means of ground displacement, and hence with a tunnel borer (12) which also displaces sideways.
    4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that tubing elements (11) are provided in the tunnel opening (9) in the shape of ribbed or corrugated plates that are pressed together, whereby they form rings having a smaller outer diameter than the inner diameter of tubing elements (11) which have already been put in place, which thus already form a part of the lining (10), after which they are transformed, in the desired place, into a ring having an outer diameter which corresponds to the inner diameter of the tunnel opening (9), and thus into a part of the lining (10).
    5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the tunnel borer (12) is also guided with cylinders (23).
    6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least three pits (3) are made and the hauling cable (6) is brought from one pit (3) via another one to yet another one.
    7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the pit (3) in which is provided a towing vehicle (20), at least on the sides where a tunnel (1) is to be formed, is lined with a wall (4) which is interrupted at the mouth of the tunnel (1) and onto which the towing vehicle (20) can find support while towing.
    EP19990201901 1998-08-04 1999-06-15 Method of constructing a tunnel lined with a tubing element Expired - Lifetime EP0978626B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    BE9800584 1998-08-04
    BE9800584A BE1013003A3 (en) 1998-08-04 1998-08-04 Method for constructing an underground tunnel with pipe coating of components and thus used tunnel drill.

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    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0978626A1 EP0978626A1 (en) 2000-02-09
    EP0978626B1 true EP0978626B1 (en) 2005-01-19

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    BE (1) BE1013003A3 (en)
    DE (1) DE59911467D1 (en)

    Families Citing this family (1)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    CN102562087B (en) * 2011-12-12 2015-06-24 中铁二局股份有限公司 Hydraulic drill follow-up pipe-shed construction method

    Family Cites Families (11)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    US4047578A (en) * 1974-03-27 1977-09-13 The Richmond Manufacturing Company Portable earth boring machine
    US4352594A (en) * 1980-08-25 1982-10-05 Koichi Uemura Method and apparatus for constructing underground structure
    US4405260A (en) * 1981-06-22 1983-09-20 Tepin Tsai Method of constructing underpass across railway and highway without affecting normal traffic thereof
    US4507019A (en) * 1983-02-22 1985-03-26 Expand-A-Line, Incorporated Method and apparatus for replacing buried pipe
    US4856600A (en) * 1986-05-22 1989-08-15 Flowmole Corporation Technique for providing an underground tunnel utilizing a powered boring device
    GB2213904A (en) * 1987-12-23 1989-08-23 Kurimoto Ltd Pipe replacement by mole
    DE3929017A1 (en) * 1989-09-01 1991-03-07 Wolfgang Dipl Ing Miegel Machine for placing pipe in trench - consists of cutter rim, pulley, screw conveyor and motor
    DE4034177A1 (en) * 1990-10-26 1992-04-30 Kunz Alfred & Co Control system for shield driving in tunnel - consists of borehole drilled in direction of drive through which cable is drawn
    FR2726882B1 (en) * 1994-11-15 1997-01-31 Sade Compagnie Generale De Tra METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REPLACING AN OLD, BURIED PIPE WITH A NEW PIPE
    BE1009528A3 (en) * 1995-08-08 1997-04-01 Verstraeten Beheersmij Bv Method for making a cladded underground tunnel
    NL1009528C2 (en) 1998-06-30 2000-01-04 Vialle Beheer B V Liquefied gas fuel system.

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    EP0978626A1 (en) 2000-02-09
    DE59911467D1 (en) 2005-02-24
    BE1013003A3 (en) 2001-07-03

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