EP0973615B1 - Method for cleaning waste process gases containing dust - Google Patents

Method for cleaning waste process gases containing dust Download PDF

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EP0973615B1
EP0973615B1 EP98912138A EP98912138A EP0973615B1 EP 0973615 B1 EP0973615 B1 EP 0973615B1 EP 98912138 A EP98912138 A EP 98912138A EP 98912138 A EP98912138 A EP 98912138A EP 0973615 B1 EP0973615 B1 EP 0973615B1
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dust
electrostatic filter
wet electrostatic
particles
gas flow
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0973615A1 (en
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Christof Lanzerstorfer
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Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH
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Voest Alpine Industrienlagenbau GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/16—Plant or installations having external electricity supply wet type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/36—Controlling flow of gases or vapour

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for cleaning dust-laden process exhaust gases in a wet electrostatic precipitator.
  • the product of the migration speed and the precipitation electrode area (wA) remains as a parameter, i.e. if the migration speed of the dust to be separated is known, the filter, in particular the necessary precipitation electrode area, can be dimensioned.
  • the speed of migration is also dependent on several parameters, such as dust particle size, dust composition and exhaust gas speed.
  • Wet electrostatic precipitators are typically operated at exhaust gas flow rates of 1.5 m / s 2 m / s designed. This results, for example, for the sintering plant dedusting because of the small particle sizes migration speeds on the precipitation electrode surface of approx. 10 cm / s.
  • This low exhaust gas velocity requires an increased effort for Flow distribution devices on the inlet and outlet sides in the filter to even out the Exhaust gas flow. So usually occur within exhaust gas channels before and after the filter Exhaust gas flow rates on the order of about 20 m / s. this means an acceleration on the outlet side of the filter or a deceleration on the inlet side of the filter by a factor of approx. 10-13 each.
  • the object of the invention is now a method for cleaning dust-laden Provide exhaust gases in a wet electrostatic precipitator, which is characterized in that the Exhaust gas flow rate is set to a value so that the highest possible Migration speed occurs and at the same time the disadvantages of the prior art, especially complex flow equalization devices and large Precipitation electrode surfaces can be avoided.
  • wet electrostatic filters are understood to mean both such where the exhaust gas is fully or almost completely saturated with water vapor before entering the filter even those in which the exhaust gas shows a significant undersaturation when entering the filter Has water vapor.
  • the cleaning of the Precipitation electrodes happen by additional water injection.
  • the subject invention which thereby is characterized in that the exhaust gas flow rate to a value of 4 m / s to 9 m / s is set.
  • the exhaust gas flow rate to a value of 4 m / s to 9 m / s is set.
  • the migration speed of the particles increases compared to Migration speeds at current exhaust gas flow speeds of 1.5 m / s to 2 m / s for wet electrostatic precipitators in the case of sintering system dedusting of approximately 10 cm / s over 40 cm / s.
  • the precipitation electrode area and hence the weight of the precipitation electrode in relation to the increase in Migration speed can be reduced. Furthermore, the effort for Flow equalization devices on the inlet and outlet sides of the filter are thus minimized (Deceleration or acceleration only by a factor of approx. 2-5). The Wet electrostatic precipitator is reduced accordingly, which also means the investment costs turn out to be lower.
  • the migration speed increases up to exhaust gas speeds of approx. 6 m / s approximately linear, at higher speeds the curve flattens out noticeable.
  • the range from 4 m / s to 9 m / s according to the invention there are hardly any undesirable effects Drop detachment.
  • FIG. 2 shows cumulative curves 2 of particle size analyzes of in in a coordinate system raw gas dust present in various tests, with the Grain size classes of the gas particles in ⁇ m, and the cumulative ones on the ordinate Concentrations of the respective grain size classes are plotted in percent. Like from the Curves can be seen, the majority of the particles lie in a comb band 0.03 ⁇ m and 4.0 ⁇ m.
  • the dust-laden raw gas originating from a sintering plant is first removed by a Washer led. There is a pre-separation of larger particles (> 16 ⁇ m) and one Enrichment or saturation of the gas with steam instead. The fine separation takes place in the wet electrostatic precipitator described above.

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  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for cleaning waste process gases containing water vapour and dust, in a wet-type electrostatic filter. According to this method, the gases which pass through said wet-type electrostatic filter are charged in a space between one or several emission electrodes and one or several collecting electrodes and the particles of dust are precipitated on the collecting electrode(s). The invention is characterized in that the speed at which the waste gases pass through the wet-type electrostatic filter is set at a value of 4 m/s to 9 m/s.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Reinigung von staubbeladenen Prozeßabgasen in einem Naßelektrofilter.The invention relates to a method for cleaning dust-laden process exhaust gases in a wet electrostatic precipitator.

Naßelektrofilter sind Aggregate zur Staubabscheidung, welche in zunehmendem Maße zur Feinstaubabscheidung eingesetzt werden. Die Auslegung von Elektrofiltern erfolgt zumeist nach der Deutsch-Gleichung.Wet electrostatic precipitators are aggregates for dust separation, which are increasingly used for Fine dust separation can be used. The design of electrostatic filters is mostly done according to the German equation.

Diese lautet:

Figure 00010001
This is:
Figure 00010001

Bei den vorgegebenen Randbedingungen Staubabscheidegrad (Crein/Croh) und Abgasmengenstrom V bleibt als Parameter das Produkt aus Wanderungsgeschwindigkeit und Niederschlagselektrodenfläche (w.A), d.h. bei bekannter Wanderungsgeschwindigkeit des abzuscheidenden Staubes kann das Filter, insbesondere die notwendige Niederschlagselektrodenfläche, dimensioniert werden. Die Wanderungsgeschwindigkeit ist im übrigen von mehreren Parametern, wie Staubkorngröße, Staubzusammensetzung und Abgasgeschwindigkeit abhängig.Given the specified boundary conditions of dust separation efficiency (C pure / C raw ) and exhaust gas volume flow V, the product of the migration speed and the precipitation electrode area (wA) remains as a parameter, i.e. if the migration speed of the dust to be separated is known, the filter, in particular the necessary precipitation electrode area, can be dimensioned. The speed of migration is also dependent on several parameters, such as dust particle size, dust composition and exhaust gas speed.

Nach dem in der Literatur (Weber, E.; Brocke, W.; Apparate und Verfahren der industriellen Gasreinigung; Bd. 1; S. 352 - 353, sowie Parker K.R.; Applied Electrostatic Precipitation; 1st Edition; 1997; S. 128) beschriebenen theoretischen Modell erreicht man die maximale Wanderungsgeschwindigkeit bei Elektrofiltern bei Abgasströmungsgeschwindigkeiten im Bereich von 2,0 m/s bis 2,5 m/s. Bei höheren Gasgeschwindigkeiten tritt zunehmend Wiederaufwirbelung von bereits an der Niederschlagselektrode abgeschiedenen Partikeln auf und die Wanderungsgeschwindigkeit und damit der Abscheidegrad sinken.According to the in the literature (Weber, E .; Brocke, W .; apparatus and processes of industrial Gas cleaning; Vol. 1; Pp. 352 - 353, and Parker K.R .; Applied Electrostatic Precipitation; 1st Edition; 1997; P. 128) described theoretical model one reaches the maximum Migration speed with electrostatic precipitators at exhaust gas flow speeds in Range from 2.0 m / s to 2.5 m / s. At higher gas speeds occurs increasingly Re-whirling up particles already deposited on the precipitation electrode and the rate of migration and thus the degree of separation decrease.

Bei Naßelektrofiltern existiert im Gegensatz zum trockenen Elektrofilter das Problem, daß bei höheren Abgasgeschwindigkeiten bereits abgeschiedener Staub wieder aufgewirbelt wird, praktisch nicht. Die Aufwärtsbewegung des Wandfilms tritt erst bei sehr hohen Abgasgeschwindigkeiten im Bereich von über 10 m/s auf. Der Austrag von Tropfen durch Ablösung aus dem Wandfilm ist theoretisch und je nach Wasserfilmdicke auch schon bei wesentlich geringeren Abgasgeschwindigkeiten möglich, trägt jedoch aufgrund der höchst wahrscheinlichen Wiederabscheidung der herausgelösten Tropfen nicht wesentlich zum Partikelaustrag bei.In the case of wet electrostatic filters, in contrast to the dry electrostatic precipitator, there is the problem that dust that has already separated out is whirled up again at higher exhaust gas speeds, practically not. The upward movement of the wall film only occurs at very high Exhaust gas speeds in the range of over 10 m / s. The discharge of drops through Detachment from the wall film is theoretical and depending on the thickness of the water film, it is also possible much lower exhaust gas speeds possible, but contributes to the highest probable redeposition of the extracted drops is not essential for Particle discharge at.

Es ist weiters aus der Literatur bekannt (s. Weber, E.; S. 360), daß die mittlere effektive Wanderungsgeschwindigkeit mit zunehmender Staubfeinheit sinkt.It is also known from the literature (see Weber, E .; p. 360) that the mean effective Migration speed decreases with increasing dust fineness.

Naßelektrofilter werden üblicherweise auf Abgasströmungsgeschwindigkeiten von 1,5 m/s bis 2 m/s ausgelegt. Dabei ergeben sich beispielsweise für die Sinteranlagenentstaubung wegen der kleinen Partikelgrößen Wanderungsgeschwindigkeiten auf der Niederschlagselektrodenfläche von ca. 10 cm/s. Diese niedrige Abgasgeschwindigkeit bedingt einen erhöhten Aufwand für Strömungsverteilungseinrichtungen ein- und austrittsseitig im Filter zur Vergleichmäßigung der Abgasströmung. So treten innerhalb von Abgaskanälen vor und nach dem Filter üblicherweise Abgasströmungsgeschwindigkeiten in der Größenordnung von etwa 20 m/s auf. Dies bedeutet eine Beschleunigung austrittsseitig des Filters, bzw. eine Verzögerung eintrittsseitig des Filters um jeweils eine Faktor von ca. 10-13.Wet electrostatic precipitators are typically operated at exhaust gas flow rates of 1.5 m / s 2 m / s designed. This results, for example, for the sintering plant dedusting because of the small particle sizes migration speeds on the precipitation electrode surface of approx. 10 cm / s. This low exhaust gas velocity requires an increased effort for Flow distribution devices on the inlet and outlet sides in the filter to even out the Exhaust gas flow. So usually occur within exhaust gas channels before and after the filter Exhaust gas flow rates on the order of about 20 m / s. this means an acceleration on the outlet side of the filter or a deceleration on the inlet side of the filter by a factor of approx. 10-13 each.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht nun darin, ein Verfahren zur Reinigung von staubbelasteten Abgasen in einem Naßelektrofilter bereitzustellen, welches dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß die Abgasströmungsgeschwindigkeit auf einen Wert eingestellt wird, so daß eine möglichst hohe Wanderungsgeschwindigkeit auftritt und gleichzeitig die Nachteile des Standes der Technik, insbesondere aufwendige Strömungsvergleichmäßigungseinrichtungen und große Niederschlagselektrodenflächen, vermieden werden.The object of the invention is now a method for cleaning dust-laden Provide exhaust gases in a wet electrostatic precipitator, which is characterized in that the Exhaust gas flow rate is set to a value so that the highest possible Migration speed occurs and at the same time the disadvantages of the prior art, especially complex flow equalization devices and large Precipitation electrode surfaces can be avoided.

Unter Naßelektrofiltem im Sinne der Erfindung werden dabei sowohl solche verstanden, bei denen das Abgas vor Eintritt in den Filter völlig oder fast völlig mit Wasserdampf gesättigt, als auch solche, bei denen das Abgas bei Eintritt in den Filter eine deutliche Untersättigung an Wasserdampf aufweist. Bei letzteren Naßelektrofiltern muß daher die Abreinigung der Niederschlagselektroden durch zusätzliche Wassereindüsung geschehen.In the context of the invention, wet electrostatic filters are understood to mean both such where the exhaust gas is fully or almost completely saturated with water vapor before entering the filter even those in which the exhaust gas shows a significant undersaturation when entering the filter Has water vapor. In the latter wet electrostatic filters, the cleaning of the Precipitation electrodes happen by additional water injection.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die gegenständliche Erfindung gelöst, welche dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß die Abgasströmungsgeschwindigkeit auf einen Wert von 4 m/s bis 9 m/s eingestellt wird. Durch die Erhöhung der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit in diesen Bereich erhöht sich die Wanderungsgeschwindigkeit der Partikel gegenüber den Wanderungsgeschwindigkeiten bei derzeit üblichen Abgaströmungsgeschwindigkeiten von 1,5 m/s bis 2 m/s bei Naßelektrofiltern im Fall der Sinteranlagenentstaubung von etwa 10 cm/s auf über 40 cm/s.This object is achieved by the subject invention, which thereby is characterized in that the exhaust gas flow rate to a value of 4 m / s to 9 m / s is set. By increasing the flow velocity in this area the migration speed of the particles increases compared to Migration speeds at current exhaust gas flow speeds of 1.5 m / s to 2 m / s for wet electrostatic precipitators in the case of sintering system dedusting of approximately 10 cm / s over 40 cm / s.

Dadurch kann bei gleichbleibendem Wirkungsgrad die Niederschlagselektrodenfläche und damit auch das Gewicht der Niederschlagselektrode im Verhältnis zur Steigerung der Wanderungsgeschwindigkeit verringert werden. Weiters wird der Aufwand für Strömungsvergleichmäßigungseinrichtungen ein- und austrittsseitig des Filters somit minimiert (Verzögerung bzw. Beschleunigung nur mehr um einen Faktor von ca. 2-5). Das Naßelektrofilter wird dadurch entsprechend verkleinert, wodurch auch die Investitionskosten geringer ausfallen.As a result, the precipitation electrode area and hence the weight of the precipitation electrode in relation to the increase in Migration speed can be reduced. Furthermore, the effort for Flow equalization devices on the inlet and outlet sides of the filter are thus minimized (Deceleration or acceleration only by a factor of approx. 2-5). The Wet electrostatic precipitator is reduced accordingly, which also means the investment costs turn out to be lower.

Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der Zeichnungen 1 und 2 näher erläutert.

  • Fig. 1: Diagramm Abgasströmungsgeschwindigkeit vs. Wanderungsgeschwindigkeit
  • Fig. 2: Diagramm Korngrößenklassen vs. kumulierte Konzentrationen
    • The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to drawings 1 and 2.
  • Fig. 1: Graph of exhaust gas flow velocity vs. migration rate
  • Fig. 2: Diagram of grain size classes vs. accumulated concentrations

    • In der Fig. 1 sind in einem Koordinatensystem Meßpunkte 1, die bei Versuchen ermittelt wurden, dargestellt, wobei auf der Abszisse die Abgasströmungsgeschwindigkeit in m/s und auf der Ordinate die Wanderungsgeschwindigkeit der Partikel in cm/s aufgetragen ist.1 there are measuring points 1 in a coordinate system, which are determined during tests were shown, with the exhaust gas flow velocity in m / s and the migration speed of the particles in cm / s is plotted on the ordinate.

    Wie ersichtlich, steigt die Wanderungsgeschwindigkeit bis zu Abgasgeschwindigkeiten von ca. 6 m/s etwa linear an, bei höheren Geschwindigkeiten macht sich eine Abflachung der Kurve bemerkbar. Im erfindungsgemäßen Bereich von 4 m/s bis 9 m/s tritt noch kaum unerwünschte Tropfenablösung auf.As can be seen, the migration speed increases up to exhaust gas speeds of approx. 6 m / s approximately linear, at higher speeds the curve flattens out noticeable. In the range from 4 m / s to 9 m / s according to the invention, there are hardly any undesirable effects Drop detachment.

    Fig. 2 zeigt in einem Koordinatensystem Summenkurven 2 von Teilchengrößenanalysen von in verschiedenen Versuchen vorliegenden Rohgasstäuben, wobei auf der Abszisse die Korngrößenklassen der Gaspartikel in µm, und auf der Ordinate die kumulierten Konzentrationen der jeweiligen Korngrößenklassen in Prozent aufgetragen sind. Wie aus den Kurven ersichtlich ist, liegt der überwiegende Anteil der Partikel in einem Komband zwischen 0,03 µm und 4,0 µm vor.FIG. 2 shows cumulative curves 2 of particle size analyzes of in in a coordinate system raw gas dust present in various tests, with the Grain size classes of the gas particles in µm, and the cumulative ones on the ordinate Concentrations of the respective grain size classes are plotted in percent. Like from the Curves can be seen, the majority of the particles lie in a comb band 0.03 µm and 4.0 µm.

    Die Versuche, die zu den in Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 gezeigten Meßpunkten führten, wurden in einem Naßelektrofilter folgenden Aufbaus durchgeführt: Röhrenfilter mit Wasserkühlung Rohrdurchmesser innen 200 mm Anzahl Rohre 6 (zweistufig) Rohrlänge 2,6 m Sprühelektrode Stab Spannung 45 KV Strom 17 mA The tests which led to the measuring points shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 were carried out in a wet electrostatic precipitator of the following structure: Tube filter with water cooling Pipe diameter inside 200 mm Number of pipes 6 (two-stage) tube length 2.6 m spray electrode Rod tension 45 KV electricity 17 mA

    Das aus einer Sinteranlage stammende staubbeladene Rohgas wird zunächst durch einen Wäscher geführt. Es findet dabei eine Vorabscheidung größerer Partikel (> 16 µm) sowie eine Anreicherung bzw. Sättigung des Gases mit Wasserdampf statt. Die Feinabscheidung erfolgt im oben beschriebenen Naßelektrofilter.The dust-laden raw gas originating from a sintering plant is first removed by a Washer led. There is a pre-separation of larger particles (> 16 µm) and one Enrichment or saturation of the gas with steam instead. The fine separation takes place in the wet electrostatic precipitator described above.

    Claims (6)

    1. Method for cleaning steam-containing, dust-laden processed gases in a wet electrostatic filter, in which preliminary separation of relatively large dust particles, in particular of dust with a particle size of more than 16 µm, and an increase in the levels or saturation of the processed gases with steam is carried out in a scrubber, and in which the gases or the dust particles contained therein, which then flow through the wet electrostatic filter, are charged in a space between one or more discharge electrodes and one or more collecting electrodes and are precipitated on the collecting electrode(s), characterized in that the off-gas flow velocity through the wet electrostatic filter is set to a value of from 4 m/s to 9 m/s, the wet electrostatic filter separating out all the rest of the dust in the region of the collecting electrodes, which have a length which is sufficient for this purpose.
    2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the off-gas flow velocity through the wet electrostatic filter is set to a value of from 4.5 m/s to 9 m/s.
    3. Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that the off-gas flow velocity through the wet electrostatic filter is set to a value of from 5 m/s to 9 m/s.
    4. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least 90% of the fine dust which is to be separated out comprises particles of a particle size of up to 4 µm.
    5. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least 80% of the total amount of particles of the dust which is to be separated out lies within a grain size range of from 0.03 µm to 2.0 µm.
    6. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the discharge electrode used is a rod-like electrode.
    EP98912138A 1997-04-11 1998-04-03 Method for cleaning waste process gases containing dust Expired - Lifetime EP0973615B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (3)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    AT62197 1997-04-11
    AT0062197A ATA62197A (en) 1997-04-11 1997-04-11 METHOD FOR PURIFYING DUST-LOADED PROCESS EXHAUST GASES
    PCT/AT1998/000088 WO1998046359A1 (en) 1997-04-11 1998-04-03 Method for cleaning waste process gases containing dust

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0973615A1 EP0973615A1 (en) 2000-01-26
    EP0973615B1 true EP0973615B1 (en) 2002-07-31

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    EP98912138A Expired - Lifetime EP0973615B1 (en) 1997-04-11 1998-04-03 Method for cleaning waste process gases containing dust

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    EP (1) EP0973615B1 (en)
    CN (1) CN1252016A (en)
    AT (2) ATA62197A (en)
    AU (1) AU735231B2 (en)
    DE (1) DE59805002D1 (en)
    WO (1) WO1998046359A1 (en)

    Family Cites Families (1)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    DE3329638A1 (en) * 1983-08-17 1985-03-07 Gottfried Bischoff Bau kompl. Gasreinigungs- und Wasserrückkühlanlagen GmbH & Co KG, 4300 Essen DEVICE FOR THE DEDUSTING OF INDUSTRIAL GASES

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    ATA62197A (en) 2000-07-15
    CN1252016A (en) 2000-05-03
    WO1998046359A1 (en) 1998-10-22
    AU6711698A (en) 1998-11-11
    EP0973615A1 (en) 2000-01-26
    ATE221416T1 (en) 2002-08-15
    AU735231B2 (en) 2001-07-05
    DE59805002D1 (en) 2002-09-05

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