EP0967333B1 - Retaining wall - Google Patents

Retaining wall Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0967333B1
EP0967333B1 EP99890206A EP99890206A EP0967333B1 EP 0967333 B1 EP0967333 B1 EP 0967333B1 EP 99890206 A EP99890206 A EP 99890206A EP 99890206 A EP99890206 A EP 99890206A EP 0967333 B1 EP0967333 B1 EP 0967333B1
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Prior art keywords
elements
wall
filling material
support
retaining wall
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0967333A1 (en
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Peter Dipl.-Ing. Fuchs
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0225Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a supporting wall according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Retaining wall structures of this type are based on the ground-anchor composite principle, wherein a front wall formed from front panels with the backfilled filling material behind it united to a composite body, creating a safeguard against landslides is possible.
  • the usually staggered front elements are by corrosion-resistant tension elements laid on the back of the wall Connecting elements connected, whereby the front elements are held in position.
  • the tension elements can also be anchored to friction in the filler.
  • both outer walls can consist of front elements.
  • the actual wall body forms thereby layered compacted filling material, which through the Front elements and the tension elements prevented from dodging and thereby like a Composite body is used to a common supporting effect.
  • the aim of the invention is to avoid this disadvantage and a supporting wall of the above to suggest the kind mentioned, which are relatively slow going against Changes in position of the filling material during or after the erection of the retaining wall is insensitive and in which a concentration of forces from front element to Front element is avoided.
  • the proposed measures ensures that a vertical, or in the wall plane to the rear plastically deformable construction results because the sizing of the front elements according to the compaction of the filler in the Wall structure in the due to the honeycomb structure plastically relatively deformable Support elements reduces their height.
  • the supporting wall according to the invention is therefore not rigid but a deliberately deformable designed structure.
  • the proposed support elements is a static for each front element certain Auflagerart and thus created a constraint-free storage, whereby the entire retaining wall according to the invention remains insensitive to deformation.
  • FIG. 1 shows a support wall, a slope 10 against Slipping secures.
  • the supporting wall shown is also for dams, ramparts and Noise protection dams or similar slip-resistant structures suitable.
  • the support wall front elements 1 are provided with a compacted filling material 11th are backfilled, in which with the front elements 1 firmly connected tension elements. 2 are anchored.
  • the preferably corrosion-resistant tension elements 2 point at their free ends, not shown deflecting elements, which act on the front elements Forward shift forces to the filler 11. It can be the tension elements 2 but be anchored only by friction in the filler.
  • the wall body forms beside the Front elements 1, for example, from angle-shaped reinforced concrete precast with Side walls may be formed, layer-by-layer compacted filler 11. Der suchart Wall body formed by the front elements 1 and the tension elements 2 on Dodge prevented and thus as a composite body to a common Carrying used.
  • the front elements 1 to form fillable with filler material Intermediate spaces or chambers arranged in groups offset from each other ( Figure 3). It However, the front elements 1 can also be installed in each abutting position.
  • the Filler material may consist of the material that naturally occurs in the slope, e.g. Earth, or it may be an artificial bed, e.g. Gravel or similar act.
  • plastically deformable Compression support elements 4 are arranged, which support elements 4 on occurrence a predeterminable pressure in the vertical direction their height, preferably corresponding the compression of the filling material 11 during wall construction, reduce.
  • Support elements which have been found to be particularly suitable have been made of plastic plates are formed with a - seen in position of use - vertical honeycomb structure. Upon occurrence a predeterminable load, these honeycomb constructions are compressed and give so according to the load occurring.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of a force-settlement diagram for a device according to the invention Specified support wall, where as ordinate the deformation ⁇ and as abscissa of the vertical, in the support wall occurring pressure ⁇ are applied.
  • the deformation ⁇
  • abscissa of the vertical in the support wall occurring pressure ⁇
  • the deformation ⁇
  • abscissa of the vertical in the support wall occurring pressure ⁇
  • the preferably honeycomb-like support elements 4 are to plastically fail at a predeterminable, occurring pressure ⁇ B without significant increase in force (plastic deformation region B4), eg due to breakage of the honeycomb structure which takes place at the break point of the working line.
  • This proportion of the deformation corresponds approximately to the compensating settlement of the precompressed composite body of the support wall under the influence of the overall resulting from the weight of the filler and the vertical portion of the active earth pressure on the supporting wall according to the invention and depends very much on the soil properties of the filler and the quality of compaction , After complete failure remains as a further proportion of the height of a residual height of the support elements.
  • d d e + d p + d r
  • d e elastic
  • d p plastic
  • d r residual height: As a residual height, for example, 3 mm is assumed.
  • the total height or thickness of the support elements is thus 10 mm, so so 30mm height of the support elements per meter wall height, which are about 3% deformable elements between the finished parts, are provided.
  • each individual front element 1 is one Front element share each on two arranged at the ends compression support elements 4 as Einfeldmik, which in turn on the front elements 1 of underlying front element share or rest on the foundation.
  • the resulting deformability of the wall allows the otherwise during construction compensate occurring stresses in the building, thereby automatically a balanced state within the retaining wall sets.
  • the front elements 1 of Support wall come through it not directly in touch and are therefore also not directly in force transmission contact, wherein the between the front elements. 1 arranged support elements 4 only compressive forces, so the vertical component of the To absorb earth pressure.
  • the tension elements 5 are firmly connected to the front elements 1, while the remaining tension elements 6 are not connected to the front elements 1, but in the with Filling material 11 filled spaces between the displaced front elements. 1 end, so that these tension elements 6 come to rest only within the filling material 11.
  • the tension elements 5,6 can be horizontal or inclined in the filler 11 extend, so are in the filling and compression process of the filler of installed at the bottom upwards. Furthermore, the filling material 11 in the interstices of covered by a layer of vegetation-capable soil material, which is a planting allows. 2 shows a particular application of the support wall according to the invention, wherein a dam construction is formed from two opposite support walls, which is the Bulk material 11 and the dam body 10 secures against slipping.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
  • Supports Or Holders For Household Use (AREA)
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Abstract

The wall consists of groups of front elements (1) anchored via traction elements (5,6) in a filler material. Preferably, plastically deformable compression support elements (4) are positioned between groups of front elements. When a pre-determinable pressure in vertical direction occurs, the support elements are reduced in height, corresponding to the compression of the filler material (11) during wall construction. Each front element in a group is supported on two support elements, which in turn are supported on the elements in the group below.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Stützwand gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a supporting wall according to the preamble of claim 1.

Stützwandkonstruktionen dieser Art beruhen auf dem Boden-Anker-Verbundprinzip, wobei eine aus Frontelementen gebildete Vorderwand mit dem dahinter aufgeschütteten Füllmaterial zu einem Verbundkörper vereint werden, wodurch eine Sicherung gegen Erdrutsche ermöglicht wird. Die üblicherweise versetzt zueinander angeordneten Frontelemente sind durch korrosionsbeständige Zugelemente mit an der Wandrückseite verlegten Umlenkelementen verbunden, wodurch die Frontelemente in ihrer Position gehalten werden. Die Zugelemente können auch auf Reibung im Füllmaterial verankert werden. In gleicher Weise können bei Dämmen beide Außenwände aus Frontelementen bestehen. Den eigentlichen Wandkörper bildet dabei lagenweise verdichtetes Füllmaterial, das durch die Frontelemente und die Zugelemente am Ausweichen gehindert und dadurch wie ein Verbundkörper zu einer gemeinsamen Tragwirkung herangezogen wird.Retaining wall structures of this type are based on the ground-anchor composite principle, wherein a front wall formed from front panels with the backfilled filling material behind it united to a composite body, creating a safeguard against landslides is possible. The usually staggered front elements are by corrosion-resistant tension elements laid on the back of the wall Connecting elements connected, whereby the front elements are held in position. The tension elements can also be anchored to friction in the filler. In the same In the case of dams both outer walls can consist of front elements. The actual wall body forms thereby layered compacted filling material, which through the Front elements and the tension elements prevented from dodging and thereby like a Composite body is used to a common supporting effect.

Durch die AT 383 167 B wurde eine Stützwand bekannt, bei der im Querschnitt L-förmige Frontelemente vorgesehen sind. Diese Frontelemente sind mit Ankern gesichert, die die im wesentlichen horizontal verlaufenden Abschnitte der Frontelemente durchsetzen und in dem Füllmaterial verankert sind. Bei dieser bekannten Stützwand sind zwischen den einzelnen Scharen elastische Auflagerelemente vorgesehen, die für eine in gewissen Grenzen gelenkige Verbindung sorgen.By the AT 383 167 B a supporting wall was known, in the cross-section L-shaped Front elements are provided. These front elements are secured with anchors, which are in the enforce substantially horizontal sections of the front elements and in the Filling material are anchored. In this known supporting wall are between the individual Scharen provided elastic support elements, which are articulated for a certain extent Make connection.

Allerdings ergibt sich dabei der Nachteil, dass bei einer derartigen Konstruktion einer Stützwand eine Konzentration von Kräften von Frontelement zu Frontelement an der Wandvorderseite einer solchen Stützwand durch Setzungsbewegungen nicht nennenswert eingeschränkt werden kann.However, this results in the disadvantage that in such a construction of a Supporting wall a concentration of forces from front element to front element at the Front wall of such a supporting wall by settlement movements not appreciable can be restricted.

Ziel der Erfindung ist es, diesen Nachteil zu vermeiden und eine Stützwand der eingangs erwähnten Art vorzuschlagen, die gegenüber relativ langsam vor sich gehenden Lageveränderungen des Füllmaterials während oder nach der Errichtung der Stützwand unempfindlich ist und bei der eine Konzentration von Kräften von Frontelement zu Frontelement vermieden wird.The aim of the invention is to avoid this disadvantage and a supporting wall of the above to suggest the kind mentioned, which are relatively slow going against Changes in position of the filling material during or after the erection of the retaining wall is insensitive and in which a concentration of forces from front element to Front element is avoided.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dies bei einer Stützwand der eingangs erwähnten Art durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruches 1 erreicht. This is according to the invention in a supporting wall of the type mentioned by the characterizing features of claim 1 achieved.

Zum Unterschied zu bekannten Stützwänden, die im wesentlichen meist nur gering elastisch verformbare Auflagerelemente vorsehen, wodurch sich eine nur wenig verformbare Stützwand ergibt, ist durch die vorgeschlagenen Maßnahmen sichergestellt, dass sich eine vertikal, bzw. in der Wandebene nach hinten plastisch verformbare Konstruktion ergibt, da die Schlichtung der Frontelemente entsprechend der Verdichtung des Füllmaterials beim Wandaufbau in den aufgrund der Wabenstruktur plastisch relativ weitgehend verformbaren Auflagerelementen ihre Höhe verringert. Die erfindungsgemäße Stützwand ist somit kein starres sondern ein mit Absicht verformbar gestaltetes Bauwerk.In contrast to known support walls, which are usually only slightly elastic provide deformable support elements, resulting in a little deformable Supporting wall, the proposed measures ensures that a vertical, or in the wall plane to the rear plastically deformable construction results because the sizing of the front elements according to the compaction of the filler in the Wall structure in the due to the honeycomb structure plastically relatively deformable Support elements reduces their height. The supporting wall according to the invention is therefore not rigid but a deliberately deformable designed structure.

Durch die vorgeschlagenen Auflagerelemente wird für jedes Frontelement eine statisch bestimmte Auflagerart und somit eine zwängungsfreie Lagerung geschaffen, wodurch die gesamte erfindungsgemäße Stützmauer gegenüber Verformungen unempfindlich bleibt.The proposed support elements is a static for each front element certain Auflagerart and thus created a constraint-free storage, whereby the entire retaining wall according to the invention remains insensitive to deformation.

Dabei ist durch die wabenartige Struktur der Auflagerelemente sichergestellt, dass je nach Bedarf eine entsprechend weitgehende plastische Verformung der Auflagerelemente erreicht werden kann.It is ensured by the honeycomb structure of the support elements that, depending on Requires a correspondingly extensive plastic deformation of the support elements achieved can be.

Durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 2 ergibt sich der Vorteil, dass bei Horizontalverschiebungen der Frontelemente zueinander, aus welchen Gründen immer, die bei herkömmlichen Stützwänden rasch auftretenden Abplatzungen an den Frontelementen vermieden werden. Dies ist dadurch bedingt, dass die Wabenstruktur der Auflagerelemente bei vertikaler Belastung mit gleichzeitiger Horizontalverschiebung bei wesentlich kleineren Lasten nachgibt und dabei die auftretenden Spannungen abgebaut werden.Due to the features of claim 2, there is the advantage that at Horizontal displacements of the front elements to each other, for whatever reason, the in conventional retaining walls quickly occurring chipping on the front elements be avoided. This is due to the fact that the honeycomb structure of the support elements at vertical load with simultaneous horizontal displacement at much smaller Relieves loads while the resulting voltages are reduced.

Durch die DE 30 34 453 A wurde eine aus Läufer- und Binderelementen aufgebaute Stützwand bekannt, bei der Einlagen zwischen Anschlagflächen von zusammenwirkenden Binderelementen und zwischen den Scharen vorgesehen sind. Dabei können diese Einlagen elastisch oder plastisch verformbar sein. Dabei wird zur Wahrung einer genügenden lokalen Gleitsicherheit die Deformationsfähigkeit beschränkt, sodass durch die Einlagen nur eine relativ geringe Deformation zugelassen wird.By DE 30 34 453 A was constructed from a rotor and binder elements Supporting wall known in the deposits between abutment surfaces of cooperating Binder elements and between the shares are provided. These deposits can be elastically or plastically deformable. This is to maintain a sufficient local Slip security limited the ability to deform, so that only one of the deposits relatively low deformation is allowed.

Weiters können die Merkmale des Anspruches 3 vorgesehen sein.Furthermore, the features of claim 3 may be provided.

Innerhalb des Wandkörpers sind somit auch solche Zugelemente vorgesehen, die nicht mit den Frontelementen verbunden sind und dennoch zur Sicherung der erfindungsgemäßen Stützwand beitragen. Within the wall body thus also such tension elements are provided which do not the front elements are connected and yet to secure the inventive Contribute support wall.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele eingehend erläutert. Es zeigt dabei

  • Fig.1 einen Schnitt durch eine schematische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Stützwand;
  • Fig.2 einen Schnitt durch eine schematische Darstellung einer Dammkonstruktion mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Stützwand;
  • Fig.3 eine Vorderansicht einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Stützwand;
  • Fig.4 einen Schnitt durch die Wandkonstruktion gemäß Fig.3 und
  • Fig.5 ein Kraftsetzungsdiagramm für eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Stützwand.
  • The invention will be explained in detail with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings. It shows
  • 1 shows a section through a schematic representation of an embodiment of the support wall according to the invention;
  • 2 shows a section through a schematic representation of a dam construction with a supporting wall according to the invention;
  • 3 shows a front view of an embodiment of the support wall according to the invention;
  • 4 shows a section through the wall construction according to Figure 3 and
  • 5 shows a force-setting diagram for an embodiment of the supporting wall according to the invention.
  • Die schematische Darstellung in Fig.1 zeigt eine Stützwand, die einen Hang 10 gegen Abrutschen sichert. Die gezeigte Stützwand ist auch für Dämme, Wälle und Lärmschutzdämme oder ähnliche rutschgefährdete Bauwerke geeignet. An der Vorderseite der Stützwand sind Frontelemente 1 vorgesehen, die mit einem verdichteten Füllmaterial 11 hinterfüllt sind, in welchem mit den Frontelementen 1 fest verbundene Zugelemente 2 verankert sind. Die vorzugsweise korrosionsbeständigen Zugelemente 2 weisen an ihren freien Enden nicht dargestellte Umlenkelemente auf, die die auf die Frontelemente wirkenden Verschiebungskräfte an das Füllmaterial 11 weiterleiten. Es können die Zugelemente 2 aber auch nur durch Reibung im Füllmaterial verankert sein. Den Wandkörper bildet neben den Frontelementen 1, die beispielsweise aus winkelförmigen Stahlbetonfertigteilen mit Seitenwänden gebildet sein können, lagenweise verdichtetes Füllmaterial 11. Der solcherart gebildete Wandkörper wird durch die Frontelemente 1 und die Zugelemente 2 am Ausweichen gehindert und dadurch wie ein Verbundkörper zu einer gemeinsamen Tragwirkung herangezogen.The schematic representation in Figure 1 shows a support wall, a slope 10 against Slipping secures. The supporting wall shown is also for dams, ramparts and Noise protection dams or similar slip-resistant structures suitable. On the front side the support wall front elements 1 are provided with a compacted filling material 11th are backfilled, in which with the front elements 1 firmly connected tension elements. 2 are anchored. The preferably corrosion-resistant tension elements 2 point at their free ends, not shown deflecting elements, which act on the front elements Forward shift forces to the filler 11. It can be the tension elements 2 but be anchored only by friction in the filler. The wall body forms beside the Front elements 1, for example, from angle-shaped reinforced concrete precast with Side walls may be formed, layer-by-layer compacted filler 11. Der suchart Wall body formed by the front elements 1 and the tension elements 2 on Dodge prevented and thus as a composite body to a common Carrying used.

    Üblicherweise sind die Frontelemente 1 unter Ausbildung von mit Füllmaterial befüllbaren Zwischenräumen bzw. Kammern scharenweise gegeneinander versetzt angeordnet (Fig.3). Es können die Frontelemente 1 aber auch in jeweils aneinanderstoßender Lage verlegt sein. Das Füllmaterial kann aus dem Material bestehen, das im Hang natürlich vorkommt, z.B. Erde, oder es kann sich dabei um eine künstliche Aufschüttung, z.B. Schotter o.ä. handeln.Usually, the front elements 1 to form fillable with filler material Intermediate spaces or chambers arranged in groups offset from each other (Figure 3). It However, the front elements 1 can also be installed in each abutting position. The Filler material may consist of the material that naturally occurs in the slope, e.g. Earth, or it may be an artificial bed, e.g. Gravel or similar act.

    Erfindungsgemäß ist nun gemäß Darstellung in Fig.3 vorgesehen, daß zwischen aufeinanderfolgenden Scharen aus Frontelementen 1 vorzugsweise plastisch verformbare Kompressions-Auflagerelemente 4 angeordnet sind, welche Auflagerelemente 4 bei Auftreten eines vorbestimmbaren Drucks in vertikaler Richtung ihre Höhe, vorzugsweise entsprechend der Verdichtung des Füllmaterials 11 beim Wandaufbau, verringern.According to the invention is now provided as shown in Figure 3, that between successive flocks of front elements 1 preferably plastically deformable Compression support elements 4 are arranged, which support elements 4 on occurrence a predeterminable pressure in the vertical direction their height, preferably corresponding the compression of the filling material 11 during wall construction, reduce.

    Damit kann eine sonst auftretende Konzentration von Kräften an der Wandvorderseite, die sich bei herkömmlichen Stützwänden von Frontelement 1 zu Frontelement 1 ergibt, verhindert werden. Bei Erreichen eines bestimmten, zu errechnenden Drucks auf die Auflagerelemente 4 verringern diese aufgrund ihrer plastischen Verformbarkeit ihre Höhe, wodurch sich der darüberliegende Wandbereich setzt, und zwar bei richtiger Berechnung entsprechend der Verdichtung des Füllmaterials beim Wandaufbau, sodaß keine Veränderungen des statischen Systems der Wand infolge Verformungen auftreten. This can be an otherwise occurring concentration of forces on the front wall, the arises in conventional support walls from front element 1 to front element 1, be prevented. Upon reaching a certain, to be calculated pressure on the Support elements 4 reduce their height due to their plastic deformability, which sets the overlying wall area, with proper calculation according to the compaction of the filling material in the wall construction, so that no Changes in the static system of the wall due to deformations occur.

    Als besonders geeignet haben sich Auflagerelemente herausgestellt, die aus Kunststoffplatten mit einer - in Gebrauchslage gesehen - vertikalen Wabenstruktur gebildet sind. Bei Auftreten einer vorbestimmbaren Last werden diese Wabenkonstruktionen zusammengepreßt und geben damit entsprechend der auftretenden Last nach.Support elements which have been found to be particularly suitable have been made of plastic plates are formed with a - seen in position of use - vertical honeycomb structure. Upon occurrence a predeterminable load, these honeycomb constructions are compressed and give so according to the load occurring.

    In Fig.5 ist ein Beispiel eines Kraft-Setzungs-Diagramms für eine erfindungsgemäße Stützwand angegeben, wobei als Ordinate die Verformung ε und als Abszisse der vertikale, in der Stützwand auftretende Druck σ aufgetragen sind. Für eine solche Arbeitslinie sind jeweils besondere Annahmen zu treffen, die für unterschiedliche Füllmaterialien bzw. Böden weit divergieren können. Es soll jedoch erreicht werden, daß bei der Verlegung der Frontelemente und dem Einbringen des Füllmaterials sowie dessen Verdichtung keine oder nur geringe Verformungen der Auflagerelemente 4 auftreten (elastischer Verformungsbereich B3 in Fig.5).FIG. 5 shows an example of a force-settlement diagram for a device according to the invention Specified support wall, where as ordinate the deformation ε and as abscissa of the vertical, in the support wall occurring pressure σ are applied. For such a working line are respectively to make special assumptions that are far for different fillers or soils can diverge. However, it should be achieved that when laying the front elements and the introduction of the filling material and its compression little or no Deformations of the support elements 4 occur (elastic deformation area B3 in FIG Figure 5).

    Nach dem elastischen Verformungsbereich B3 sollen die vorzugsweise wabenartigen Auflagerelemente 4 bei einem vorbestimmbaren, auftretenden Druck σB ohne wesentliche Kraftzunahme plastisch versagen (plastischer Verformungsbereich B4), z.B. durch Bruch der Wabenstruktur, der am Knickpunkt der Arbeitslinie erfolgt. Dieser Anteil der Verformung entspricht etwa der zu kompensierenden Setzung des vorverdichteten Verbundkörpers der erfindungsgemäßen Stützwand unter Einwirkung der Gesamtresultierenden aus dem Eigengewicht des Füllmaterials und dem Vertikalanteil des aktiven Erddruckes auf die erfindungsgemäße Stützwand und hängt sehr stark von den Bodeneigenschaften des Füllmaterials und der Qualität der Verdichtung ab. Nach dem völligen Versagen verbleibt als ein weiterer Anteil an der Höhe eine Resthöhe der Auflagerelemente. Insgesamt addieren sich diese Einzelmaße somit zur erforderlichen Gesamthöhe der Auflagerelemente d, die sich wie folgt zusammensetzt. d = de + dp + dr Nachfolgend findet sich ein Beispiel einer Dimensionierung von Auflagerelementen, die aber nicht als Einschränkung der Erfindung hinsichtlich der zu verwendenden Materialien oder Stärken zu verstehen ist.
    de (elastisch):
    Unter der Annahme einer elastischen Verformung von 10% ergibt sich bei einem 10mm dicken Auflagerelement de= 1,0 mm.
    dp (plastisch):
    Für den plastischen Anteil wird als Steifezahl des Füllmaterials s = 6 MN/m2 (6000 kN/m2) angenommen. Bei einer h = 6,0 m hohen Wand mit einem Raumgewicht des Füllmaterials von G = 18 kN/m3 beträgt die Füllmaterialpressung σ = G x h =108 kN/m2. Unter diesem Druck verformt sich das Füllmaterial um ε = σ/s = 0,018 der Wandhöhe. Bei einer Scharhöhe der Frontelemente von hs = 0,333 m beträgt daher der plastische Anteil an der Höhe der Auflagerelemente dp = hs x ε = 0,006 m.
    dr (Resthöhe):
    Als Resthöhe wird beispielsweise 3 mm angenommen.
    Die Gesamthöhe bzw. -stärke der Auflagerelemente beträgt somit 10 mm, sodaß also 30mm an Höhe der Auflagerelemente je Meter Wandhöhe, das sind ca. 3% verformbare Elemente zwischen den Fertigteilen, vorzusehen sind.
    After the elastic deformation region B3, the preferably honeycomb-like support elements 4 are to plastically fail at a predeterminable, occurring pressure σ B without significant increase in force (plastic deformation region B4), eg due to breakage of the honeycomb structure which takes place at the break point of the working line. This proportion of the deformation corresponds approximately to the compensating settlement of the precompressed composite body of the support wall under the influence of the overall resulting from the weight of the filler and the vertical portion of the active earth pressure on the supporting wall according to the invention and depends very much on the soil properties of the filler and the quality of compaction , After complete failure remains as a further proportion of the height of a residual height of the support elements. Overall, these individual dimensions thus add up to the required total height of the support elements d, which is composed as follows. d = d e + d p + d r The following is an example of a dimensioning of support elements, which is not to be understood as limiting the invention in terms of the materials or starches to be used.
    d e (elastic):
    Assuming an elastic deformation of 10% results in a 10mm thick support element d e = 1.0 mm.
    d p (plastic):
    For the plastic part, the stiffness number of the filling material is assumed to be s = 6 MN / m 2 (6000 kN / m 2 ). With a h = 6.0 m high wall with a density of the filling material of G = 18 kN / m 3 , the filling material pressure is σ = G xh = 108 kN / m 2 . Under this pressure, the filling material deforms by ε = σ / s = 0.018 of the wall height. With a crowd height of the front elements of h s = 0.333 m, therefore, the plastic proportion at the height of the support elements is d p = h s x ε = 0.006 m.
    d r (residual height):
    As a residual height, for example, 3 mm is assumed.
    The total height or thickness of the support elements is thus 10 mm, so so 30mm height of the support elements per meter wall height, which are about 3% deformable elements between the finished parts, are provided.

    In der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig.3,4 liegt jedes einzelne Frontelement 1 einer Frontelement-Schar jeweils auf zwei an den Enden angeordneten Kompressions-Auflagerelementen 4 als Einfeldträger auf, die ihrerseits auf den Frontelementen 1 der darunterliegenden Frontelement-Schar bzw. auf der Gründung aufliegen.In the embodiment according to FIG. 3, each individual front element 1 is one Front element share each on two arranged at the ends compression support elements 4 as Einfeldträger, which in turn on the front elements 1 of underlying front element share or rest on the foundation.

    Die dadurch entstehende Verformbarkeit der Wand erlaubt es, die bei der Errichtung sonst auftretenden Spannungen im Bauwerk auszugleichen, wodurch sich selbsttätig ein ausgeglichener Zustand innerhalb der Stützmauer einstellt. Die Frontelemente 1 der Stützwand kommen dadurch nicht direkt miteinander in Berührung und stehen demzufolge auch nicht direkt in Kraftübertragungskontakt, wobei die zwischen den Frontelementen 1 angeordneten Auflagerelemente 4 nur Druckkräfte, also die Vertikalkomponente des Erddrucks aufzunehmen haben.The resulting deformability of the wall allows the otherwise during construction compensate occurring stresses in the building, thereby automatically a balanced state within the retaining wall sets. The front elements 1 of Support wall come through it not directly in touch and are therefore also not directly in force transmission contact, wherein the between the front elements. 1 arranged support elements 4 only compressive forces, so the vertical component of the To absorb earth pressure.

    Wie aus Fig.3, 4 ersichtlich, besteht eine weitere Verbesserung bei der erfindungsgemäßen Stützwand darin, daß nur ein Teil der Frontelemente 1 mit den im Füllmaterial verankerten Zugelementen 6, 5 verbunden ist.As can be seen from Figure 3, 4, there is a further improvement in the inventive Support wall is that only a part of the front elements 1 anchored in the filler Tension elements 6, 5 is connected.

    Die Zugelemente 5 sind dabei fest mit den Frontelementen 1 verbunden, während die restlichen Zugelemente 6 nicht mit den Frontelementen 1 verbunden sind, sondern in den mit Füllmaterial 11 gefüllten Zwischenräumen zwischen den versetzt verlegten Frontelementen 1 enden, sodaß diese Zugelemente 6 nur innerhalb des Füllmaterials 11 zu liegen kommen.The tension elements 5 are firmly connected to the front elements 1, while the remaining tension elements 6 are not connected to the front elements 1, but in the with Filling material 11 filled spaces between the displaced front elements. 1 end, so that these tension elements 6 come to rest only within the filling material 11.

    Die dadurch erzielte Vergleichmäßigung der von den Zugelementen 2 ausgehenden Stützwirkung ergibt insgesamt eine meßbare Erhöhung der Beständigkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Stützwand gegen Verrutschen.The thus achieved homogenization of the outgoing of the tension elements 2 Supporting action results in a measurable increase in the durability of the overall Support wall according to the invention against slipping.

    Die Zugelemente 5,6 können sich dabei in das Füllmaterial 11 waagrecht oder geneigt erstrecken, werden also beim Füllungs- und Verdichtungsvorgang des Füllmaterials von unten nach oben eingebaut. Weiters kann das Füllmaterial 11 in den Zwischenräumen von einer Schicht vegetationsfähigem Bodenmaterial bedeckt sein, welches eine Bepflanzung ermöglicht. Fig.2 zeigt eine besondere Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Stützwand, wobei eine Dammkonstruktion aus zwei gegenüberliegenden Stützwänden gebildet ist, welche das Schüttmaterial 11 bzw. den Dammkörper 10 gegen ein Abrutschen sichert.The tension elements 5,6 can be horizontal or inclined in the filler 11 extend, so are in the filling and compression process of the filler of installed at the bottom upwards. Furthermore, the filling material 11 in the interstices of covered by a layer of vegetation-capable soil material, which is a planting allows. 2 shows a particular application of the support wall according to the invention, wherein a dam construction is formed from two opposite support walls, which is the Bulk material 11 and the dam body 10 secures against slipping.

    Claims (3)

    1. A retaining wall, especially for supporting inclines, dams, noise protection embankments or the like, with front elements which are anchored by means of traction elements in a filling material, which front elements are arranged in a mutually offset fashion in droves, optionally by forming intermediate spaces which can be filled with the filling material, with deformable abutment elements (4) being arranged between the droves of the front elements, characterized in that the abutment elements (4) are made of plastically deformable plastic boards with a honeycomb structure which is vertical when seen in the position when employed, with the honeycomb structure also being horizontally displaceable in the case of a vertical, plastic deformation.
    2. A retaining wall as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that up to a load which substantially corresponds to the dead weight of the front elements the abutment elements (4) will deform only slightly and upon exceeding this load a near complete failure of the abutment elements (4) occurs.
    3. A retaining wall as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a part of the traction elements (5, 6) which are anchored in the filling material are not connected with the front elements (1), but end in the filling material (11) of intermediate spaces formed between the front elements (1).
    EP99890206A 1998-06-24 1999-06-24 Retaining wall Expired - Lifetime EP0967333B1 (en)

    Priority Applications (1)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    AT99890206T ATE254700T1 (en) 1998-06-24 1999-06-24 RETAINING WALL

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    AT0109698A AT409774B (en) 1998-06-24 1998-06-24 SUPPORT WALL
    AT109698 1998-06-24

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0967333A1 EP0967333A1 (en) 1999-12-29
    EP0967333B1 true EP0967333B1 (en) 2003-11-19

    Family

    ID=3506510

    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP99890206A Expired - Lifetime EP0967333B1 (en) 1998-06-24 1999-06-24 Retaining wall

    Country Status (4)

    Country Link
    EP (1) EP0967333B1 (en)
    AT (2) AT409774B (en)
    DE (1) DE59907773D1 (en)
    ES (1) ES2212515T3 (en)

    Family Cites Families (6)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    FR2055983A5 (en) * 1969-08-14 1971-05-14 Vidal Henri
    US3922864A (en) * 1974-02-25 1975-12-02 Hilfiker Pipe Co Stringer for retaining wall construction
    GB2014222A (en) * 1977-11-15 1979-08-22 Transport Secretary Of State F Reinforced Earth Structures
    CH644918A5 (en) * 1979-10-25 1984-08-31 Vollenweider Ulrich Wall structure
    AT383167B (en) * 1980-03-05 1987-05-25 Ebenseer Betonwerke Gmbh SUPPORT STRUCTURE
    FR2623222A1 (en) * 1987-11-13 1989-05-19 Vidal Henri EARTH STRUCTURE FACING AND METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    ES2212515T3 (en) 2004-07-16
    ATE254700T1 (en) 2003-12-15
    DE59907773D1 (en) 2003-12-24
    EP0967333A1 (en) 1999-12-29
    ATA109698A (en) 2002-03-15
    AT409774B (en) 2002-11-25

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